Uracil-glycosylase inhibitorPolymeraseOGG1ProteinsHuman 8-oxoguanineThymine-DNA glycosyMutYInhibitorMismatchMUTYHLigaseExcisesAdenineApurinic and apyrimidinicActive DNA demethylationEndonucleaseCatalysesDemethylationRepairEscherichiaSpecific enzymeMutMRemove the damaged basePathwayResiduesGeneDamageFunctionalBindsLyaseBacillusPrimaseRecognizeBackboneMechanismCleaveExcisionAminoBaseReactionContaminationActivityReplicationMade when DNA is copiedDeoxyuridinePrimer
Uracil-glycosylase inhibitor1
- In this study, according to GAO, CyDENT consists of a pair of TALEs fused to a FokI nickase, a single-strand specific cytidine deaminase, an exonuclease and a uracil glycosylase inhibitor peptide. (cas.cn)
Polymerase5
- The enzymes remove the damaged base forming an AP site which is repaired by AP endonuclease before the nucleotide gap in the DNA strand is filled by DNA polymerase. (news-medical.net)
- 4. N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase and DNA polymerase beta modulate BER inhibitor potentiation of glioma cells to temozolomide. (nih.gov)
- A DNA polymerase then replaces the missing section with correct nucleotides, and an enzyme called DNA ligase seals the gap. (jackwestin.com)
- Glycosylase can remove the incorrect uracil base, DNA polymerase can fill in the gap, and DNA ligase will again seal the backbone. (jackwestin.com)
- The RNA primers are later removed by another enzyme called DNA polymerase I, which replaces them with DNA nucleotides. (stemcelldaily.com)
OGG15
- MYH (mutY homolog (E. coli )) is a DNA glycosylase mismatch repair enzyme that in conjunction with mutM (OGG1), cleaves adenine residues paired with either oxidized (8-hydroxyguanines) or non-modified guanines in order to correct A/G and A/C mismatches. (thermofisher.com)
- Oxidative DNA lesions are repaired by the base-excision repair pathway, which is initiated by DNA glycosylases such as 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1). (nih.gov)
- We have discovered that mice deficient in OGG1 are susceptible to obesity and fatty liver, indicating an unexpected but critical role for this DNA repair enzyme in the development of metabolic disease. (nih.gov)
- In humans, the base excision repair protein 8-oxoguanine-DNA glycosylase (OGG1) is the major enzyme that recognizes and excises the mutagenic DNA base lesion 8-oxoG. (nih.gov)
- Oxidative DNA Damage and Cisplatin Neurotoxicity Is Exacerbated by Inhibition of OGG1 Glycosylase Activity and APE1 Endonuclease Activity in Sensory Neurons), inhibition of enzymes that play a role in repairing oxidative DNA damage exacerbated neurotoxic effects of the chemotherapeutic agent, cisplatin. (scientificarchives.com)
Proteins2
- Two mutations that change the sequence of the building blocks of proteins (amino acids) in MYH glycosylase are common in people of European descent. (medlineplus.gov)
- Prokaryotic DNA replication is a complex and highly regulated process that involves many enzymes and proteins. (stemcelldaily.com)
Human 8-oxoguanine3
- The human 8-oxoguanine DNA N-glycosylase 1 (hOGG1) DNA repair enzyme and its association with lung cancer risk. (nih.gov)
- The human 8-oxoguanine DNA N-glycosylase 1 gene encodes a DNA glycosylase that is involved in the base excision repair of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanine from oxidatively-damaged DNA and expressed in lung tissue. (nih.gov)
- Susceptibility to oxidative stress was evaluated by genotyping relevant polymorphisms in glutathione-s transferase mu ( GSTM1 ), human 8-oxoguanine glycosylase ( hOGG1 ) and apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease ( APE1 ) genes using the Taqman method. (biomedcentral.com)
Thymine-DNA glycosy5
- G/T mismatch-specific thymine DNA glycosylase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the TDG gene. (wikipedia.org)
- Thymine-DNA glycosylase (TDG) removes thymine moieties from G/T mismatches by hydrolyzing the carbon-nitrogen bond between the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA and the mispaired thymine. (wikipedia.org)
- Additionally, in 2011, the human thymine DNA glycosylase (hTDG) was reported to efficiently excise 5-formylcytosine (5fC) and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC), the key oxidation products of 5-methylcytosine in genomic DNA. (wikipedia.org)
- Thymine-DNA glycosylase has been shown to interact with: CREB-binding protein, Estrogen receptor alpha, Promyelocytic leukemia protein, SUMO3, and Small ubiquitin-related modifier 1. (wikipedia.org)
- Thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) helps maintain genomic integrity by removing thymine from G·T mispairs arising via deamination of 5-methylcytosine (mC). (umaryland.edu)
MutY2
- Mammalian MutY glycosylases have a unique architecture that features an interdomain connector (IDC) that joins the catalytic N-terminal domain and 8-oxoguanine (OG) recognition C-terminal domain. (nih.gov)
- Escherichia coli MutY is an adenine glycosylase involved in base excision repair that recognizes OG:A (where OG = 7, 8-dihydro-8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine) and G:A mismatches in DNA. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Inhibitor1
- New Insights on the Role of the Gamma-Herpesvirus Uracil-DNA Glycosylase Leucine Loop Revealed by the Structure of the Epstein-Barr Virus Enzyme in Complex with an Inhibitor Protein. (cathdb.info)
Mismatch2
- In mismatch repair, the missed errors are later corrected by enzymes which recognize and excise the mismatched base to restore the original sequence. (news-medical.net)
- A second complex cuts the DNA near the mismatch, and more enzymes chop out the incorrect nucleotide and a surrounding patch of DNA. (jackwestin.com)
MUTYH3
- A zinc linchpin motif in the MUTYH glycosylase interdomain connector is required for efficient repair of DNA damage. (nih.gov)
- The MUTYH gene provides instructions for making an enzyme called MYH glycosylase, which is involved in the repair of DNA. (medlineplus.gov)
- Normally, the MUTYH gene gives instructions to make an enzyme called MYH glycosylase. (everydayhealth.com)
Ligase2
- We also offer solutions for automation, site-directed mutagenesis, as well as your favorite restriction enzyme, ligase or competent cell products. (neb.com)
- The lagging strand is synthesized in short segments called Okazaki fragments, which are later joined together by an enzyme called DNA ligase. (stemcelldaily.com)
Excises1
- TDG also excises 5-formylcytosine (fC) and 5-carboxylcytosine (caC), oxidation products of mC generated by ten-eleven translocation (TET) enzymes during active DNA demethylation. (umaryland.edu)
Adenine1
- However, only the K198A enzyme exhibited a significant reduction (15-fold) of the rate of adenine removal from a G:A base pair-containing duplex. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Apurinic and apyrimidinic2
- The enzyme has both apurinic and apyrimidinic endonuclease activity and a DNA N-glycosylase activity. (embl-heidelberg.de)
- A DNA repair enzyme that catalyses the excision of ribose residues at apurinic and apyrimidinic DNA sites that can result from the action of DNA GLYCOSYLASES . (bvsalud.org)
Active DNA demethylation1
- The siRNA-mediated knockdown of this enzyme in primary monocytes prevented active DNA demethylation, suggesting that TET2 is essential for the proper execution of this process in human monocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
Endonuclease1
Catalyses2
- E080 E. coli Uracil DNA Glycosylase (UDG) catalyses the release of free uracil via hydrolysis of the N-glycosylic bond between the uracil and sugar from uracil. (topsan.org)
- The enzyme from the bacterium Ochrobactrum anthropi specifically catalyses the irreversible N-riboside hydrolysis of purine nucleosides. (kegg.jp)
Demethylation1
- On the other hand, TET enzymes may also initiate active demethylation processes through repair-associated mechanisms [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Repair18
- Uracil-DNA glycosylase (EC 3.2.2.27 ) and double-stranded uracil-DNA glycosylase (EC 3.2.2.28 ) form a central part of the DNA-repair machinery since they initiate the DNA base-excision repair pathway by hydrolyzing the N-glycosidic bond between uracil and the deoxyribose sugar thereby catalyzing the removal of mis-incorporated uracil from DNA. (expasy.org)
- The codon 326 polymorphism in the hOGG1 gene has been suggested to reduce DNA repair enzyme activity based on in vitro functional analysis. (nih.gov)
- Structure-dependent endos, which include wide variety of DNA repair enzymes, require a specific DNA structure or damaged base for activity, and will cleave an internal phosphodiester bond at that structure or damaged base. (neb.com)
- An example of an DNA repair enzyme that removes this type of error is Fpg. (neb.com)
- Aside from DNA repair enzymes, there are also structure-specific endonucleases that act on DNA secondary structure. (neb.com)
- 5. Diagnostic correlation between the expression of the DNA repair enzyme N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase and esophageal adenocarcinoma onset: a retrospective pilot study. (nih.gov)
- 6. Expression of the DNA repair enzyme, N-methylpurine-DNA glycosylase (MPG) in astrocytic tumors. (nih.gov)
- What is the name of the family of enzymes that repair the simple spontaneous alterations of DNA? (flashcardmachine.com)
- Repair of most modified and mispaired bases in the genome is initiated by DNA glycosylases, which bind and cleave N-glycosyl bonds to initiate base excision repair. (thermofisher.com)
- These results suggest the APE1 variant genotype decreases repair of 8-OHdG and that arsenic exposure is associated with oxidative stress in women who lack a functional GSTM1 detoxification enzyme. (biomedcentral.com)
- A group of enzymes called glycosylases play a key role in base excision repair. (jackwestin.com)
- Enzymes involved in this type of repair recognize incorrectly incorporated bases, remove them from DNA, and replace them with the correct bases. (jackwestin.com)
- Now a new study, reported online Oct. 28 in the journal Nature, reports the discovery of a new class of DNA repair enzyme. (vetscite.org)
- The newly discovered DNA repair enzyme is a DNA glycosylase, a family of enzymes discovered by Tomas Lindahl, who received this year's Nobel prize for recognizing that these enzymes removed damaged DNA bases through a process called base-excision repair. (vetscite.org)
- In base-excision repair, a specific glycosylase molecule binds to DNA at the location of a lesion and bends the double-helix in a way that causes the damaged base to flip from the inside of the helix to the outside. (vetscite.org)
- Bacterial MutM is a DNA repair glycosylase removing DNA damage generated from oxidative stress and, therefore, preventing mutations and genomic instability. (diamond.ac.uk)
- Chakravarti D, Ibeanu GC, Tano K, Mitra S: Cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of a human cDNA encoding the DNA repair protein N-methylpurine-DNA glycosylase. (drugbank.com)
- Watanabe S, Ichimura T, Fujita N, Tsuruzoe S, Ohki I, Shirakawa M, Kawasuji M, Nakao M: Methylated DNA-binding domain 1 and methylpurine-DNA glycosylase link transcriptional repression and DNA repair in chromatin. (drugbank.com)
Escherichia2
- No activity on DNA containing a T/G mispair or single-stranded DNA containing either a site-specific uracil or 3,N(4)-ethenocytosine residue, significant role for double-stranded uracil-DNA glycosylase in mutation avoidance in non-dividing Escherichia coli. (expasy.org)
- First, they constructed a C-to-A base editor fusing nCas9 with uracil N-glycosylase (UNG) at the N-terminus and activation-induced cytidine deaminase at the C-terminus to enable C-to-A transversions in Escherichia coli . (springeropen.com)
Specific enzyme2
- To confirm that arsenic (As) induces oxidative DNA damage in phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated and unstimulated human lymphocytes, we used the alkaline comet assay combined with specific enzyme [formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase (FPG)] digestion to measure As-induced base damage. (nih.gov)
- this chemical reaction can be reversed by a specific enzyme. (jackwestin.com)
MutM1
- MutM belongs to the Fpg/Nei family of prokaryotic enzymes sharing structural and functional similarities with their eukaryotic counterparts, for example, NEIL1-NEIL3. (diamond.ac.uk)
Remove the damaged base1
Pathway2
- Deoxyuridine 5′-triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase (dUTPase) is a key enzyme in this pathway since it catalyzes the cleavage of 2′-deoxyuridine 5′-triphosphate (dUTP) into 2′-deoxyuridine 5′-monophosphate (dUMP) and inorganic pyrophosphate. (mdpi.com)
- Transient tyrosinemia is believed to result from delayed enzyme maturation in the tyrosine catabolic pathway. (medscape.com)
Residues1
- The properties of the R194A, K196A, and K198A enzymes were also compared to the properties of mutated enzymes in which lysine residues near the active site pocket were replaced with alanine or glycine. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Gene5
- The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the TDG/mug DNA glycosylase family. (wikipedia.org)
- Most mutations in this gene result in the production of a nonfunctional or low-functioning MYH glycosylase. (medlineplus.gov)
- Many of these enzymes have been adapted into workflows such as gene assembly and directional RNA-seq. (neb.com)
- Samson L, Derfler B, Boosalis M, Call K: Cloning and characterization of a 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase cDNA from human cells whose gene maps to chromosome 16. (drugbank.com)
- Vickers MA, Vyas P, Harris PC, Simmons DL, Higgs DR: Structure of the human 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase gene and localization close to the 16p telomere. (drugbank.com)
Damage3
- The enzyme-created SSBs, As-induced base damage, were more significant in PHA-stimulated lymphocytes. (nih.gov)
- USER Enzyme contains a mixture of these two enzymes so that the damage is completely removed, and the AP site is cleaved. (neb.com)
- Now the researchers have captured crystallographic snapshots of AlkD in the act of excising alkylation damage and have shown that the enzyme doesn't use base flipping. (vetscite.org)
Functional2
- TDG knockout mouse models showed no increase in mispairing frequency suggesting that other enzymes, like the functional homologue MBD4, may provide functional redundancy. (wikipedia.org)
- O'Connor TR, Laval J: Human cDNA expressing a functional DNA glycosylase excising 3-methyladenine and 7-methylguanine. (drugbank.com)
Binds1
- The enzyme binds a 4Fe-4S cluster which is not important for the catalytic activity, but is probably involved in the alignment of the enzyme along the DNA strand. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Lyase1
Bacillus1
- Eichman and his collaborators discovered that a glycosylase called AlkD found in Bacillus cereus - a soil-dwelling bacterium responsible for a type of food poisoning called the "fried rice syndrome" - works in a totally different fashion. (vetscite.org)
Primase1
- The RNA primer is synthesized by an enzyme called primase, which recognizes specific sequences on the template strand and adds complementary RNA nucleotides. (stemcelldaily.com)
Recognize1
- How does a protein or enzyme recognize that DNA coding is wrong? (flashcardmachine.com)
Backbone1
- The enzyme fits around the flipped out base and holds it in a position that exposes its link to the DNA's sugar backbone, allowing the enzyme to detach it. (vetscite.org)
Mechanism3
- The mechanism requires a family of enzymes called glycosylases. (news-medical.net)
- By contrast, the base-flipping mechanism used by other glycosylases relies on a relatively tight binding pocket in the enzyme, so each glycosylase is designed to work with a limited number of lesions. (vetscite.org)
- These kinetic measurements, and supporting structural analyses, support a mechanism in which some uracils are transiently exposed to UNG by local, rate-limiting nucleosome conformational dynamics, followed by rapid trapping of the exposed state by the enzyme. (johnshopkins.edu)
Cleave1
Excision2
- Several of these interactions are contributed by three amino acids in the enzyme that catalyze excision of the damaged base. (vetscite.org)
- The excision of uracil bases from DNA is accomplished by the enzyme uracil DNA glycosylase (UNG). (johnshopkins.edu)
Amino1
- These results indicate that removal of positively charged amino acids within the FCL and the active site compromise the ability of the enzyme to bind to the substrate analog. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Base2
- ZHANG Xueli and BI Changhao from the Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology developed new base editors glycosylase base editors (GBEs), an enzyme complexes of fused nCas9, activation-induced cytidine dea. (cas.cn)
- Each glycosylase detects and removes a specific kind of damaged base. (jackwestin.com)
Reaction1
- The enzyme catalyzes a beta-elimination reaction in which the C-O-P bond 3' to the apurinic or apyrimidinic site in DNA is broken, leaving a 3'-terminal unsaturated sugar and a product with a terminal 5'-phosphate. (bvsalud.org)
Contamination1
- The enzyme mix contains uracil DNA glycosylase, which minimizes contamination. (medscape.com)
Activity2
- With lower activity, this enzyme also removes thymine from C/T and T/T mispairings. (wikipedia.org)
- N-glycosylase activity releases damaged purines, including 2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5-formamidopyrimidine (FapyG) and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoG), generating an AP site. (neb.com)
Replication1
- This enzyme corrects particular errors that are made when DNA is copied (DNA replication) in preparation for cell division. (medlineplus.gov)
Made when DNA is copied1
- This enzyme helps correct errors that are sometimes made when DNA is copied before cell division. (everydayhealth.com)
Deoxyuridine1
- An example of this type of enzyme is UDG, which recognizes deoxyuridine, or dU, and removes it and leaves an AP site. (neb.com)
Primer1
- In the amplification module, the purified RNA is eluted and added to a PCR plate containing an HIV-1 primer/probe mix and the HIV-1 enzyme mix. (medscape.com)