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FlavivirusFlavivirus InfectionsEncephalitis Viruses, Tick-BorneEncephalitis Viruses, JapaneseWest Nile virusDengue VirusViral Envelope ProteinsGlycoproteinsEncephalitis Virus, JapaneseEncephalitis, Tick-BorneYellow fever virusEncephalitis Virus, Murray ValleyViral Nonstructural ProteinsMolecular Sequence DataWest Nile FeverEncephalitis Virus, St. Louisbeta 2-Glycoprotein IEncephalitis, ArbovirusVero CellsCulicidaeCercopithecus aethiopsAmino Acid SequenceCell LineAntibodies, ViralEncephalitis, JapaneseCricetinaePlatelet Glycoprotein GPIb-IX ComplexGlycopeptidesRNA, ViralCulexDengueVirus ReplicationWest Nile Virus VaccinesOrosomucoidMembrane GlycoproteinsViral ProteinsEncephalitis, St. LouisMyelin-Associated GlycoproteinRNA HelicasesVirus InternalizationAntibodies, MonoclonalTogaviridae InfectionsYellow FeverBase SequenceAedesViral VaccinesGlycosylationPlatelet Membrane GlycoproteinsFlaviviridaeEpitopesPlatelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa ComplexNeutralization TestsGenome, ViralVirionJapanese Encephalitis VaccinesArbovirusesAntigens, ViralPhylogenyRepliconViral Fusion ProteinsFlaviviridae InfectionsSterculiaceaeCross ReactionsViral Plaque AssayMolecular WeightSerine EndopeptidasesGlycoprotein Hormones, alpha SubunitMembrane FusionBird DiseasesElectrophoresis, Polyacrylamide GelCarbohydratesOligosaccharidesVirus AssemblyProtein BindingMyelin-Oligodendrocyte GlycoproteinPolyproteinsRecombinant ProteinsBlood PlateletsModels, MolecularProtein Processing, Post-TranslationalAlphavirusEpitope MappingEncephalitis, ViralEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayReceptors, VirusAntibodies, NeutralizingCarbohydrate SequenceCloning, MolecularHIV Envelope Protein gp120Vaccines, AttenuatedCell MembranePolysaccharidesBinding SitesMutationInsect VectorsDengue VaccinesLectinsDNA PrimersVirulenceEncephalitis Viruses
FlaviviridaeGenusProteinsZikaAntibodiesVirusesViral glycoproteinEnvelope glycoproteinsDengue virusInfectionCapsid proteinAlphavirusesProteinZIKVAlphavirusCauses encephalitisGenesVirionsMembrane fusionParticlePositive-strandedLipidNucleocapsidFamilyVirionBelongsGenomicEncodesAssayPathogensArthropodsStructureMechanismsYellowUnderstoodAttachment
Flaviviridae10
Genus3
Proteins10
  • The mature flavivirus particle comprises a nucleocapsid core surrounded by a lipid bilayer containing the membrane (M) (derived from the precursor prM) and envelope (E) proteins. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Importantly, the tip of domain II is structurally conserved between the alphavirus and flavivirus fusion proteins, yet whether these structural similarities between virus families translate to functional similarities is unclear. (bvsalud.org)
  • The main difference between Alphavirus (Togavirus) and Flavivirus is that Alphavirus contains structural proteins at the 5′ end, whereas Flavivirus contains structural proteins at the 3′ end. (pediaa.com)
  • Alphavirus contains structural proteins at the 5′ end, while Flavivirus contains structural proteins at the 3′ end. (pediaa.com)
  • So, outcomes of today's research might describe some structural, immunological and physiological features of the proteins in GBV-C, aswell as creating brand-new diagnostic besides and sets, help better understandingE2 proteins characteristic and various other associates of Flavivirus family members, hCV especially. (mdm2-inhibitors.com)
  • In primates (Chimpanzees model in HCV) it's been reported that purified recombinant envelope glycoproteins (E1 and E2) acquired potential to safeguard against problem with homologous trojan, as a result these proteins will be the ideal goals for vaccine advancement (11). (mdm2-inhibitors.com)
  • Its surface is made up of a shell containing 180 copies of both an envelope (E) glycoprotein and two virally encoded proteins capsid (C) and membrane (M) proteins anchored in a bi-layer lipid membrane. (cusabio.com)
  • Our analysis also identified clear structural homology between the hantavirus Gn and alphavirus E2 glycoproteins, which make a heterodimer with the corresponding fusion proteins Gc and E1, respectively, revealing that not only the fusion protein has been conserved across viral families. (hal.science)
  • We intend to sequence the structural proteins of the vaccine strain of yellow fever virus by a combination of nucleotide sequencing and protein sequencing in order to probe the replication strategy of these viruses and to obtain comparative sequence data on several flaviviruses to study their evolution. (grantome.com)
  • The single Open Reading Frame (ORF) encodes for three structural proteins, E (envelope glycoproteins), C (capsid protein) and M (membrane protein) 6 and seven non-structural proteins (NS1, NS2A, NS2B, NS3, NS4A, NS4B and NS5), which carry out crucial functions in assembly and replication. (biomedicineandprevention.com)
Zika13
  • Zika virus is a member of the flavivirus family of arthropodborne viruses, which includes West Nile virus, yellow fever virus, tick-borne encephalitis virus, and dengue virus (DENV) ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Most alarmingly, and distinct from other flaviviruses, Zika virus infection during pregnancy can result in a spectrum of developmental abnormalities (congenital Zika syndrome) ( 5 ), which can include ocular damage, microcephaly, and fetal death ( 6 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Moreover, researchers have been concerned that the plaque/focus reduction neutralization test, the standard serologic assay for distinguishing different flavivirus serocomplexes, will be unable to differentiate Zika virus from DENV. (cdc.gov)
  • Zika virus is a member of the flavivirus family, which also includes yellow fever virus, dengue virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, and West Nile virus. (virology.ws)
  • Substituting the gene encoding the yellow fever E glycoprotein with that from Zika virus might be a good approach to quickly making a Zika vaccine. (virology.ws)
  • Zika belongs to a family of viruses called flaviviruses, which includes dengue, West Nile, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis and tick-borne encephalitic viruses. (purdue.edu)
  • Findings also show differences between the immature Zika virus and immature versions of other flaviviruses. (purdue.edu)
  • Using in vivo evolution of Zika virus (ZIKV), we identified several novel emerging variants, including an envelope glycoprotein variant in ß-strand c (V114M) of domain II. (bvsalud.org)
  • The global prevalence of Zika virus infection has not been widely reported owing to asymptomatic clinical course, clinical resemblance to other infection with other flaviviruses (dengue, chikungunya), and difficulty in confirming diagnosis. (medscape.com)
  • The Zika virus is a flavivirus like dengue, yellow fever and West Nile viruses and transmitted through mosquitoes. (biologicmodels.com)
  • The structure of Zika virus is similar to other known flavivirus structures except for the ~10 amino acids that surround the Asn154 glycosylation site found in each of the 180 envelope glycoproteins that make up the icosahedral shell. (biologicmodels.com)
  • By using cryo-electron microscopy, a research team led by Drs. Richard Kuhn and Michael Rossmann at Purdue University discovered that the Zika virus is structurally similar to other known flaviviruses, except for one region of the envelope glycoprotein. (cusabio.com)
  • They speculated that Zika viruses may use this glycoprotein region to attach to and enter human cells. (cusabio.com)
Antibodies4
  • The ability of flavivirus infection to induce antibodies that are virus-specific and that cross-react with different flaviviruses is well known ( 10 - 13 ), and flaviviruses have been grouped as serocomplexes on the basis of degree of antigenic overlap ( 11 ). (cdc.gov)
  • As for other flaviviruses, antibodies against the E glycoprotein are likely important for protection against infection. (virology.ws)
  • Infection enhancement of dengue type 2 virus in the human U-937 monocyte line by antibodies to Flavivirus cross-reactive determinants. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Monoclonal antibodies to Sindbis virus glycoprotein El can neutralize, enhance infectivity, and independently inhibit haemag-glutination or haemolysis. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Viruses11
  • The flavivirus membrane fusion machinery, like that of many other enveloped viruses, is triggered by the acidic pH in endosomes after virus uptake by receptor-mediated endocytosis. (rupress.org)
  • Together, these studies show that shared domains of the alphavirus and flavivirus class II fusion glycoproteins harbor structurally analogous residues that are functionally important and contribute to virus infection in vivo.IMPORTANCE Arboviruses are a significant global public health threat, yet there are no antivirals targeting these viruses. (bvsalud.org)
  • Alphavirus and Flavivirus are two viruses with a positive-strand RNA genome . (pediaa.com)
  • Alphavirus and Flavivirus are two RNA viruses that contain a positive-stranded RNA genome. (pediaa.com)
  • In contrast, Flavivirus refers to any group of RNA viruses, mostly having arthropod vectors, which cause several serious human diseases. (pediaa.com)
  • In brief, Alphavirus and Flavivirus are two genera of viruses that contain positive-sense RNA genomes. (pediaa.com)
  • St.Louis encephalitis, Japanese encephalitis, Powassan, tick-borne encephalitis viruses, dengue virus, and yellow fever virus are examples of the Flavivirus . (pediaa.com)
  • To counteract this, the flaviviruses, like other viruses, have encoded a variety of antagonists, and use a multi-layered molecular defense strategy to establish their infections. (shengsci.com)
  • Using the structure of the virion as a guide, the HiBiT reporter tag was incorporated into the structural region of the DENV genome including sites in capsid (C) as well as the glycoproteins membrane (M) and envelope (E). Resulting recombinant viruses were characterized and tag sites within the C protein membrane anchor as well as the transmembrane domain of M protein were found to tolerate HiBiT insertion and produce infectious particles. (purdue.edu)
  • Structural studies on two members of this Order, the phleboviruses and the hantaviruses, have shown that the membrane fusion protein Gc displays a class II fusion protein fold and is homologous to its counterparts in flaviviruses and alphaviruses, which are positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses. (hal.science)
  • We know that AFM can be caused by different viral pathogens including non-polio enteroviruses, flaviviruses, herpes viruses, and adenoviruses. (cdc.gov)
Viral glycoprotein2
  • Binding of mannosylated N-glycans on DV E protein to DC-SIGN triggers a rapid and efficient internalization of the viral glycoprotein. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Akin to other phleboviruses, SFTSV relies on a viral glycoprotein, Gc, to catalyze the merger of endosomal host and viral membranes during cell entry. (ox.ac.uk)
Envelope glycoproteins3
  • Griffithsin's antiviral activity stems from its ability to bind terminal mannoses present in high-mannose oligosaccharides and crosslink these glycans on the surface of the viral envelope glycoproteins. (mdpi.com)
  • [ 1 ] The lipid envelope is covered with dense projections that consist of a membrane and envelope glycoproteins. (medscape.com)
  • The virus resembles other known flavivirus structures with the exception of approximately 10 amino acids surrounding the Asn154 glycosylation site in each of the 180 envelope glycoproteins comprising the icosahedral shell, the carbohydrate moiety of which may be the attachment site of the virus to host cells. (medscape.com)
Dengue virus3
Infection6
  • The envelope (E) glycoprotein, embedded in the membrane, allows attachment of the virus particle to the host cell receptor to initiate infection. (virology.ws)
  • We show here that the interactions between DV E protein, the sole mannosylated glycoprotein present on DV particles, and the C-type lectin dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) are essential for DV infection of DCs. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The clinical spectrum of flavivirus infection includes non - specific febrile illness, fever with arthralgia and rash, and central nervous system infection. (aarogya.com)
  • This led us to hypothesize that flavivirus E ß-strand c also contributes to flavivirus infection. (bvsalud.org)
  • We generated this ZIKV glycoprotein variant and found that while it had little impact on infection in mosquitoes, it reduced replication in human cells and mice and increased virus sensitivity to ammonium chloride, as seen for alphaviruses. (bvsalud.org)
  • Moreover, one surface glycoprotein on the envelope is responsible for mediating the virion's attachment, fusion, and penetration during infection. (pediaa.com)
Capsid protein2
  • Mutagenesis of the NS2B-NS3-mediated cleavage site in the flavivirus capsid protein demonstrates a requirement for coordinated processing. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Notably, it contains a "partially ordered capsid protein shell" that is less prominent in other immature flaviviruses. (purdue.edu)
Alphaviruses2
  • Alphaviruses and flaviviruses have class II fusion glycoproteins that are essential for virion assembly and infectivity. (bvsalud.org)
  • Both alphaviruses and flaviviruses alternate in nature between growth in arthropod vectors (mosquitoes or ticks) and growth in vertebrates and studies of strain divergences are of particular interest. (grantome.com)
Protein7
  • Protein 2K is not found in many other flaviviruses. (wikipedia.org)
  • Expression of cloned envelope protein genes from the flavivirus tick-borne encephalitis virus in mammalian cells and random mutagenesis by PCR. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • We immunized mice with either an intact or deleted TLR3 system (TLR3KO) with WNV envelope glycoprotein (gE) protein, NS1, or a combination of gE and NS1. (uzh.ch)
  • Among the most potent antagonists is non-structural protein 5 (NS5), which has been shown for all disease-causing flaviviruses to target different steps and players of the type I IFN signaling pathway. (shengsci.com)
  • Conclusions: The extensive analysis of the protein with essential roles hasn't been easy, and in case there is E2 envelope glycoprotein of HGV, there is absolutely no very much data on its immunological and molecular features, clinical significance and its own pathogenic potential in hepatitis or any various other GBV-C related illnesses. (mdm2-inhibitors.com)
  • Dengue NS1 (nonstructural protein I) is a highly conserved glycoprotein. (rapidtest.com)
  • The E glycoprotein is the most immunologically important protein. (izs.it)
ZIKV1
  • In light of these results and given our alphavirus ij loop studies, we mutated a conserved alanine at the tip of the flavivirus ij loop to valine to test its effect on ZIKV infectivity. (bvsalud.org)
Alphavirus4
  • We have previously shown that the analogous ß-strand c and the ij loop, located in the tip of domain II of the alphavirus E1 glycoprotein, are important for infectivity. (bvsalud.org)
  • The lipid-containing envelope of the Alphavirus contains glycoproteins for the mediate attachment, fusion, and penetration. (pediaa.com)
  • Alphavirus produces sub-genomic messages, while Flavivirus does not. (pediaa.com)
  • Alphavirus does not contain polyadenylation at the 3′ end, while Flavivirus contains polyadenylation at the 3′ end. (pediaa.com)
Causes encephalitis2
  • West Nile Virus (WNV) is a mosquito-transmitted flavivirus which causes encephalitis especially in elderly and immunocompromised individuals. (uzh.ch)
  • Flavivirus is also a disease-causing virus that causes encephalitis. (pediaa.com)
Genes2
  • Consensus tree of the maximum parsimony analyses of Saint Louis encephalitis virus and other related flavivirus E glycoprotein genes. (cdc.gov)
  • In comparison, Flavivirus contains structural genes at the 3′ end. (pediaa.com)
Virions1
  • Flavivirus virions undergo major conformational rearrangements during the life cycle, including the assembly and maturation steps. (purdue.edu)
Membrane fusion2
Particle1
  • Introduction: GB virus C (GBV-C) or hepatitis G pathogen (HGV) can be an enveloped, RNA positive-stranded flavivirus-like particle. (mdm2-inhibitors.com)
Positive-stranded1
  • Launch In 1995 and 1996, different isolates from the same brand-new enveloped, RNA positive-stranded flavivirus-like contaminants using Adenosine IC50 a Adenosine IC50 genomic size around 9.3 Kb, had been isolated by two indie research groupings, which named GB pathogen C (GBV-C) and hepatitis G pathogen (HGV), respectively. (mdm2-inhibitors.com)
Lipid2
  • The envelop contains a single glycoprotein and lipid. (aarogya.com)
  • The viral genome is a positive, single-stranded RNA of about 10.8 kb and is contained within the Glycoprotein-containing lipid envelop-enclosing nucleocapsid. (cusabio.com)
Nucleocapsid1
Family2
Virion1
Belongs1
  • Dengue fever virus (serotypes 1-4) belongs to the group flavivirus, and is transmitted in nature by day-biting Aceder mosquitos. (rapidtest.com)
Genomic1
  • However, this strain has genomic differences compared to the original Oita-36 strain and further research should be conducted to conclude if it is a new species of flavivirus. (wikipedia.org)
Encodes1
  • The middle (M) segment encodes the viral glycoproteins Gn and Gc, which are derived from a precursor polyprotein by host cell proteases. (hal.science)
Assay1
  • A Flavivirus-generic reverse transcription (RT)-PCR assay was used to detect flavivirus-infected mosquito pools, and cDNA amplicons were sequenced as previously described ( 6 ), resulting in 3 SLEV-positive pools of unengorged females: pools 4005 and 4006 of Cx. (cdc.gov)
Pathogens1
  • We have initiated studies of a second group of Togaviruses, the flaviviruses, which contain about 60 members of which many are important human pathogens. (grantome.com)
Arthropods1
  • Yokose virus has a CS1 motif in the 3' NTR which is conserved in mosquito-borne flaviviruses suggesting ability to infect arthropods. (wikipedia.org)
Structure2
  • Here, we describe the postfusion structure of SFTSV Gc, revealing that the molecular transformations the phleboviral Gc undergoes upon host cell entry are conserved with otherwise unrelated alpha- and flaviviruses. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We analyze here recent data on the structure and function of the structure of the phlebovirus Gc and hantavirus Gn and Gc glycoproteins, and extrapolate common features identified in the amino acid sequences to understand also the structure and function of their counterparts in other families of the Bunyavirales Order. (hal.science)
Mechanisms1
  • Here, we summarize the type I IFN antagonist mechanisms used by flaviviruses with a focus on the role of NS5 in regulating one key regulator of type I IFN, signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 (STAT2). (shengsci.com)
Yellow1
Understood2
  • However, very little is understood about the assembly process of Flaviviruses. (wikipedia.org)
  • How Flavivirus neuroinvasion occurs is still poorly understood. (izs.it)
Attachment1
  • Viral attachment to unidentified cellular receptors is mediated by the E (envelope) glycoprotein. (medscape.com)