GlycosphingolipidsAntibodiesAntigensGD1bAutoantibodiesLipidsGD1aGlycoproteinsNeuronalSialic acidAccumulationCarbohydrateAxonalBuildupAsialoEnzymeTissuesSolubleMatreyaSialidaseSpecificityMediateNeuropathiesPlasma membraneOligosaccharideFoundSpecificitiesReceptorInteractionsSyntheticRecognitionOuterComplexInteractionSurfaceCellStructureSeriesDiseaseShown
Glycosphingolipids6
- Gangliosides, complex glycosphingolipids on the plasma membrane containing one or more sialic acid residues, are key components of microdomains. (jneurosci.org)
- Glycosphingolipids are a subtype of glycolipids containing the amino alcohol sphingosine. (dadamo.com)
- Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are a subclass of glycolipids that are found in cell membranes of various organisms ranging from bacteria to humans. (springer.com)
- Gangliosides are acidic glycosphingolipids that contribute a substantial presence to the outer leaflet of the cell plasma membrane. (matreya.com)
- Matreya, LLC is a lipid production company Their product line includes a broad range of sphingolipids, glycolipids, glycosphingolipids, fatty acids and esters, sterols, and vitamin E isomers (tocopherols and tocotrienols). (labclinics.com)
- In spite of the relatively low variety of natural methyl donors (compare with phosphate donors), partially reduced or methylated sugars have been found in glycosterols, polysaccharides, glycosphingolipids, gangliosides, antigenic phenolic glycolipids, inositols, nucleoside-type glycosides. (bookpi.org)
Antibodies13
- Antigens which are not present in an individual's blood will cause antibodies to be produced, which will bind to the foreign glycolipids. (wikipedia.org)
- Matreya's monoclonal and polyclonal anti-ganglioside antibodies are directed against the carbohydrate chains of ganglioside and globoside glycolipids. (matreya.com)
- Therapeutic treatments against tumors are being investigated using antibodies to target these ganglioside-rich cells. (matreya.com)
- The expression of globe-series gangliosides was evaluated in fresh-frozen sections of 55 primary renal tumors and 8 metastatic deposits using monoclonal antibodies RM1 and RM2, which define mono-sialosyl and disialosyl galactosylgloboside, respectively. (elsevierpure.com)
- Outcomes and Conclusions Within this research we initial developed a fresh transgenic mouse style of AMAN using mice LY2886721 that exhibit complex gangliosides solely in neurons thus enabling specific concentrating on of axons with anti-ganglioside antibodies. (liveconscience.com)
- Anti-ganglioside antibodies after that focus on nerve surface area gangliosides glycolipids within anxious tissues membranes [20] extensively. (liveconscience.com)
- Specifically the axonal variant of GBS (severe electric motor axonal neuropathy AMAN) is normally strongly connected with circulating anti-GM1 and GD1a ganglioside antibodies [17 25 that may focus on and bind to axonal and nodal membranes whilst the Miller Fisher symptoms (MFS) variant is normally connected with circulating anti-GQ1b ganglioside antibodies with distinctive tissues specificity for cranial nerves [3]. (liveconscience.com)
- Antibodies to heteromeric glycolipid complexes in Guillain-Barré syndrome. (ox.ac.uk)
- To assess the frequency of glycolipid complex antibodies in a Western European cohort of patients GBS we used a newly developed combinatorial glycoarray methodology to screen against large range of antigens (11 gangliosides, 8 other single glycolipids and 162 heterodimeric glycolipid complexes). (ox.ac.uk)
- This study demonstrates that while antibodies against single gangliosides are often found in cases with axonal-type electrophysiology, antibodies against glycolipid complexes predominate in cases with demyelinating electrophysiology, providing a more robust serum biomarker than has ever been previously available for such cases. (ox.ac.uk)
- Antibodies to glycolipids are observed in the sera of 60-70% of patients with GBS during the acute phase, with gangliosides being the major target antigens. (medscape.com)
- Antibodies to gangliosides and galactocerebroside in patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome with preceding Campylobacter jejuni and other identified infections. (unicamp.br)
- The relationship between preceding infections and antibodies to glycolipids was investigated in 205 Japanese patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). (unicamp.br)
Antigens3
- Of these, 7 complex antigens and 1 single ganglioside also produced statistically significantly increased binding intensities in GBS versus neurological disease controls. (ox.ac.uk)
- Of note, various autoantibodies against ganglioside antigens have been identified and found to have significant associations with the axonal forms of GBS and Fisher syndrome. (afpm.org.my)
- These proteins serve as antigen-presenting molecules for a subset of T cells that responds to specific lipids and glycolipids found in the cell walls of bacterial pathogens or self-glycolipid antigens such as gangliosides, and they have also roles in antiviral immunity. (sysmex-flowcytometry.com)
GD1b1
- The adult mammalian nervous system has four dominant types of gangliosides: GM1, GD1a, GD1b, and GT1b. (jneurosci.org)
Autoantibodies1
- IgG autoantibodies to GM1 gangliosideM1were found in the sera from patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome. (afpm.org.my)
Lipids3
- Glycolipids are lipids with a carbohydrate attached by a glycosidic (covalent) bond. (wikipedia.org)
- They can also remove glycans from glycolipids to turn them back into unmodified lipids. (wikipedia.org)
- Complex lipids such as phospholipids, sphingomyelin, gangliosides and cholesterol play an important role for neurodevelopment and function 3,4 . (arlafoodsingredients.com)
GD1a3
- We show that activation of Neu3 sialidase, also known as Neuraminidase-3, causing conversion of GD1a and GT1b to GM1 gangliosideM1 is an essential step in regeneration occurring in PNS (sensory) but not CNS (retinal) axons in adult rat. (jneurosci.org)
- In PNS axons, axotomy activates Neu3 sialidase, increasing the ratio of GM1/GD1a and GM1/GT1b gangliosides immediately after injury in vitro and in vivo . (jneurosci.org)
- Externally applied sialidase converted GD1a ganglioside to GM1 and rescued axon regeneration in CNS axons and in PNS axons after Neu3 sialidase blockade. (jneurosci.org)
Glycoproteins2
- Peanut agglutinin binds preferentially to the T-antigen, a galactosyl (β-1,3) N -acetylgalactosamine structure present in many glycoconjugates such as M and N blood groups, gangliosides, and many other soluble and membrane-associated glycoproteins and glycolipids. (vectorlabs.com)
- Milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) is a triple phospholipid membrane made up of phospholipids, glycolipids, proteins and glycoproteins, providing essential building blocks for neuronal and cognitive development. (arlafoodsingredients.com)
Neuronal1
- In the case of G M2 gangliosidosis, an activator protein is deficient, which leads to the accumulation of ganglioside G M2 and related glycolipids in neuronal cells. (medscape.com)
Sialic acid1
- Sialic acid exists predominantly in the brain and central nervous system as sialylated glycolipids (gangliosides). (dyzglobal.com)
Accumulation2
- 3 A deficiency in the enzymes responsible for metabolizing gangliosides causes toxic levels of ganglioside accumulation which is indicative of several lysosomal storage diseases, including GM 1 gangliosidosis, GM 2 gangliosidosis, Tay-Sachs disease, and Sandhoff disease. (matreya.com)
- The accumulation of glycolipid causes noncancerous (benign) skin growths (angiokeratomas) to form on the lower part of the trunk. (msdmanuals.com)
Carbohydrate2
- The saccharide of the glycolipid will bind to a specific complementary carbohydrate or to a lectin (carbohydrate-binding protein), of a neighboring cell. (wikipedia.org)
- VC 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. a glycolipid antigen with globo-series carbohydrate core structures (Kannagi et al. (lu.se)
Axonal2
- In this paper, we examine Neu3 sialidase action on axonal gangliosides and resultant axon regeneration, and we assess whether these mechanisms help to explain the different regeneration capacities of CNS and PNS axons. (jneurosci.org)
- Serum IgG binding to single gangliosides was observed in 80.0% of axonal GBS cases, but in only 11.8% of cases with demyelinating electrophysiology. (ox.ac.uk)
Buildup1
- It is caused by a buildup of glycolipid in tissues. (msdmanuals.com)
Asialo1
- A major cell surface receptor for PNA may be asialo GM 1 ganglioside. (vectorlabs.com)
Enzyme2
- A mutation in a ganglioside biosynthetic enzyme, ST3GAL5, results in salt & pepper syndrome, a neurocutaneous disorder with altered glycolipid and glycoprotein glycosylation. (sc.edu)
- The enzyme needed to breakdown the glycolipid, called alpha-galactosidase A, does not work correctly. (msdmanuals.com)
Tissues1
- In Fabry disease, a glycolipid, which is a product of fat metabolism, accumulates in tissues. (msdmanuals.com)
Soluble2
- The saccharides that are attached to the polar head groups on the outside of the cell are the ligand components of glycolipids, and are likewise polar, allowing them to be soluble in the aqueous environment surrounding the cell. (wikipedia.org)
- Lipid modulation of glycolipid receptor function‐an approach to soluble mimics. (or.jp)
Matreya1
- Matreya now offers a number of high purity deuterated gangliosides which are ideal for mass spectrometry studies. (matreya.com)
Sialidase2
- Ganglioside conversion by Neu3 sialidase further activates the ERK pathway. (jneurosci.org)
- Pharmacological blocking of Neu3 sialidase, downregulation of Neu3 with siRNA, or depleting gangliosides all inhibit PNS regeneration. (jneurosci.org)
Specificity1
- Since PNA shares specificity with the antibody to this glycolipid, PNA and the antibody can be used interchangeably in some applications. (vectorlabs.com)
Mediate1
- Blood types are an example of how glycolipids on cell membranes mediate cell interactions with the surrounding environment. (wikipedia.org)
Neuropathies1
- Autoimmune ataxic neuropathies (sensory ganglionopathies): are glycolipids the responsible autoantigens? (nih.gov)
Plasma membrane1
- Gangliosides are characteristic extracellular-facing plasma membrane determinants in vertebrate brain. (nbuv.gov.ua)
Oligosaccharide4
- The essential feature of a glycolipid is the presence of a monosaccharide or oligosaccharide bound to a lipid moiety. (wikipedia.org)
- Enzymes called glycosyltransferases link the saccharide to the lipid molecule, and also play a role in assembling the correct oligosaccharide so that the right receptor can be activated on the cell which responds to the presence of the glycolipid on the surface of the cell. (wikipedia.org)
- The four main human blood types (A, B, AB, O) are determined by the oligosaccharide attached to a specific glycolipid on the surface of red blood cells, which acts as an antigen. (wikipedia.org)
- Three-dimensional structure of the oligosaccharide chain of GM1 gangliosideM1revealed by a distance-mapping procedure: a rotating and laboratory frame nuclear overhauser enhancement investigation of native glycolipid in dimethyl sulfoxide and in water-dodecylphosphocholine solutions. (mpg.de)
Found4
- Glycolipids are found on the surface of all eukaryotic cell membranes, where they extend from the phospholipid bilayer into the extracellular environment. (wikipedia.org)
- Selectins, a class of lectins found on the surface of leukocytes and endothelial cells bind to the carbohydrates attached to glycolipids to initiate the immune response. (wikipedia.org)
- Several gangliosides are found to have elevated expressions in tumor cells. (matreya.com)
- Gangliosides, a type of glycolipid found in the brain, may be able to treat neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's and Huntington's. (glyco-alberta.ca)
Specificities1
- We hypothesised that antibody specificities reliant on the cis interactions of neighbouring membrane glycolipids could explain this discrepancy, and would not have been detected by traditional serological assays using highly purified preparations of single gangliosides. (ox.ac.uk)
Receptor1
- Modulation of neurotrophic factor receptor by ganglioside-Novel interaction of ganglioside GM1 and Trk receptor. (or.jp)
Interactions1
- The main function of glycolipids in the body is to serve as recognition sites for cell-cell interactions. (wikipedia.org)
Synthetic1
- In this context, major effort has been put in developing synthetic strategies towards gangliosides and the interested reader is referred to an excellent review of Hunter et al. (springer.com)
Recognition2
- Glycolipids are also responsible for other responses, notably the recognition of host cells by viruses. (wikipedia.org)
- Glycolipids provide energy and serve as markers for cellular recognition. (survivingmesothelioma.com)
Outer1
- Gangliosides are predominantly cell-surface glycolipids highly expressed in nervous tissue, whilst lipo-oligosaccharides are major components of the Gram-negative bacterium C. jejuni outer membrane. (afpm.org.my)
Complex2
- Glycoglycerolipids: a sub-group of glycolipids characterized by an acetylated or non-acetylated glycerol with at least one fatty acid as the lipid complex. (wikipedia.org)
- Hydrolysis of G M2 ganglioside requires a normal G M2 ganglioside-G M2 activator-Hex A complex. (medscape.com)
Interaction1
- An example of how glycolipids function within the body is the interaction between leukocytes and endothelial cells during inflammation. (wikipedia.org)
Surface4
- The glycolipid is assembled in the Golgi apparatus and embedded in the surface of a vesicle which is then transported to the cell membrane. (wikipedia.org)
- The vesicle merges with the cell membrane so that the glycolipid can be presented on the cell's outside surface. (wikipedia.org)
- Now, a new study out of Japan suggests that ganglioside GM2, a surface glycolipid that is overexpressed in a number of cancer types including multiple myeloma, neuroblastoma, and mesothelioma, may offer a way to do that. (survivingmesothelioma.com)
- 2 Gangliosides have been implicated in numerous types of cancer where they are often over-expressed on the membrane surface. (matreya.com)
Cell1
- We investigated immunohistochemical expression of globe-series gangliosides in human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and whether their expression is related to the clinical course. (elsevierpure.com)
Structure2
- Based on the ganglio GSL series, gangliosides are synthesized, where sialic acids are linked to the glycan structure to produce negatively charged GSLs. (springer.com)
- Glycolipid entries from the LIPID MAPS Structure Database (LMSD) . (glycosmos.org)
Series1
- These results indicate that globe-series gangliosides may be one of the biochemical indicators related to the metastatic potential of human RCC. (elsevierpure.com)
Disease1
- Fabry disease occurs when the body lacks enzymes needed to break down a glycolipid. (msdmanuals.com)
Shown1
- Gangliosides have been shown to be involved in development, differentiation, oncogenesis, and cancer progression. (elsevierpure.com)