Fluorouracil Cream USP contains 5% fluorouracil in a vanishing cream base consisting of methylparaben, polysorbate 60, propylene glycol, propylparaben, purified water, stearyl alcohol, and white petrolatum. (nih.gov)
The rate at which oxidative reactions generate thymine glycol and thymidine glycol in the DNA of humans is estimated to be about 300 per cell per day. (wikipedia.org)
On a body weight basis, mice excrete 18 times more thymine glycol plus thymidine glycol than humans, and monkeys four times more than humans. (wikipedia.org)
The presence of thymidine glycol in DNA has significant biological consequences, and many organisms possess specific repair enzymes for the excision of this lesion. (glenresearch.com)
Cytosine1
Integration of the present results and the structural data elucidates how hSMUG1 accepts uracil, hoU, hmU and fU as substrates, but not other oxidized pyrimidines such as 5-hydroxycytosine, 5-formylcytosine and thymine glycol, and intact pyrimidines such as thymine and cytosine. (elsevierpure.com)
Oxidative4
Brain samples from humans who died of stroke were found to be deficient in base excision repair of thymine glycol as well as other types of oxidative damages. (wikipedia.org)
mine glycol as an indicator of exposure to agents causing oxidative damage to DNA. (moam.info)
In the present study, we investigated the impact of the oxidative lesions 8-oxoguanine, thymine glycol and 5-hydroxyuracil on RNA polymerase II (RNA pol II) transcription using a well-defined in vitro transcription system. (elsevierpure.com)
Thymine glycol (5,6-dihydroxy-5,6-dihydrothymine) is formed when thymine is subjected to oxidative stress, including ionizing radiation. (glenresearch.com)
Lesions5
Thymine glycol (5,6-dihydroxy-5,6-dihydrothymine) is one of the principal DNA lesions that can be induced by oxidation and ionizing radiation. (wikipedia.org)
For example, the human DNA glycosylase hNTH1 (human Endonuclease III) was discovered to excise thymine glycol lesions from nucleosomes without nucleosome disruption, and could excise optimally oriented lesions with an efficiency approaching that seen for naked DNA (Prasad, Wallace, and Pederson 2007). (uvm.edu)
Urea lesions result from the hydrolysis of thymine glycol and 8-oxoguanine. (vanderbilt.edu)
The elongation factors Elongin and CSB, but not TFIIS, can also stimulate bypass of thymine glycol lesions, whereas Elongin, CSB and TFIIS can all enhance bypass of an 8-oxoguanine lesion. (elsevierpure.com)
In a manner analogous to thymine dimer, cyclo purines cause significant distortion of the regular DNA helix and these lesions are repaired not by base excision repair (BER) but by NER. (glenresearch.com)
Polyethylene glycol1
The team used the new X-Y base pair to code for an Interleukin-2 protein that instead of binding strongly on three features of the surface of the immune system cell, binds only to two features plus stray polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecules that are introduced into the cell. (desailegalservices.com)
Dimer2
The dimers formed in the most significant quantity are the cis-syn cyclobutane dimer of two thymine bases. (glenresearch.com)
Significant reduction in thymine dimer count (DNA mutations caused by UVA radiation and associated with skin cancer). (antiagingvancouver.com)
POLQ is a unique DNA polymerase that is able to perform microhomology-mediated end-joining as well as translesion synthesis (TLS) across an abasic (AP) site and thymine glycol (Tg). (appliedradiationoncology.com)
Bypass1
A Crystallographic Study of the Role of Sequence Context in Thymine Glycol Bypass by a Replicative DNA Polymerase Serendipitously Sheds Light on the Exonuclease Complex. (neb.com)
Phosphate1
Phosphoramidate and phosphate prodrugs of (_)-b-D-(2R,4R)-dioxolane-thymine: Synthesis, anti-HIV activity and stability studies. (quantabiodesign.com)
Lesion1
By purifying this activity, we discovered that TFIIF could promote elongation through a thymine glycol lesion. (elsevierpure.com)
Damage2
The rate of repair of thymine glycol damage in human fibroblasts was found to decrease with age. (wikipedia.org)
The former carries additional DNA damage such as apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site and thymine glycol (Tg) in close proximity to the double-strand breaks (DSB) sites, which is far more difficult to repair than ordinary DNA damage. (appliedradiationoncology.com)
Base1
I have one modified base Thymine Glycol in my strand. (x3dna.org)
Human1
To determine if the properties of hNTH1 are shared by other human DNA glycosylases, we compared hNTH1 with NEIL1, a human DNA glycoylase that also excises thymine glycol from DNA, with respect to their activities on nucleosome substrates. (uvm.edu)
Site2
중입자 치료는 암세포 내에서 DNA 이중가닥 절단(double-strand break, DSB)을 비롯해 탈염기(AP site)와 타이민 글리콜(Thymine Glycol) 등 산화적 손상이 복합적으로 이루어진 복합적 이중가닥 절단(Complex DSB)을 유도하는 것으로 알려져 있다. (ibs.re.kr)
연구팀은 POLQ 단백질이 이중가닥 절단 수선과 더불어 탈염기(AP site)와 타이민 글리콜(Thymine Glycol) 등 DNA 산화적 손상 부위를 극복하여 합성할 수 있는 독특한 DNA 중합효소라는 점을 주목했다. (ibs.re.kr)
Thymidine glycol2
The rate at which oxidative reactions generate thymine glycol and thymidine glycol in the DNA of humans is estimated to be about 300 per cell per day. (wikipedia.org)
On a body weight basis, mice excrete 18 times more thymine glycol plus thymidine glycol than humans, and monkeys four times more than humans. (wikipedia.org)
GUANINE1
An enzyme that removes THYMINE and URACIL bases mispaired with GUANINE through hydrolysis of their N-glycosidic bond. (bvsalud.org)
Propylene2
Fluorouracil Topical Cream contains 5% w/w of Fluorouracil USP in a cream base consisting of methylparaben, polysorbate 60, propylene glycol, propylparaben, purified water, stearyl alcohol and white petrolatum. (nih.gov)
In mammalian cells, thymineglycols and other oxidized pyrimidines such as 5,6-dihydrouracil are removed from DNA by the NTH1 protein, a bifunctional DNA-N-glycosylase. (manchester.ac.uk)
Polymerase1
12. Translesion synthesis by human DNA polymerase eta across thymine glycol lesions. (nih.gov)
Translesion1
Can perform accurate translesion DNA synthesis (TLS) past a 5S-thymine glycol. (nih.gov)
Ionizing radiation1
Thymine glycol (5,6-dihydroxy-5,6-dihydrothymine) is one of the principal DNA lesions that can be induced by oxidation and ionizing radiation. (wikipedia.org)