DehydrogenaseDiacylglycerol O-acyltransferaProtein kinaseEnzymeDHAPPentose phosphaGlyceraldehyde 3-phosphaInsulin resistanceDihydroxyacetone phosphateEnzymesSynthaseGlycolysisShikimateCholinePhosphoricGenesAcylPhosphatidic acidLipolysisPhosphoinositideLipidCyclaseLiverSubunitMitochondriaEsterAdenosineInterproscanAcetylInositolPrimarilySymbolFatty acidTumorMechanismChainsSourceAcid
Dehydrogenase5
- Glycerol 3-phospate may then be converted by dehydrogenation to dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) by the enzyme glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. (hmdb.ca)
- 7a-hydroxycholesterol then becomes 7a-hydroxy-cholestene-3-one, which is made possible by the enzyme 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 7. (smpdb.ca)
- Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Rat Branched Chain Alpha-Ketoacid Dehydrogenase Kinase (BCKDK) in Tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids. (chemcarbindia.com)
- Description: A sandwich ELISA kit for detection of Branched Chain Alpha-Ketoacid Dehydrogenase Kinase from Rat in samples from blood, serum, plasma, cell culture fluid and other biological fluids. (chemcarbindia.com)
- alpha-ketoisovalerate decarboxylase Kivd from Lactococcus lactis combined with alcohol dehydrogenase Adh3 from Zymomonas mobilis are the optimum candidates for 3-methyl-1-butanol production in Corynebacterium glutamicum. (brenda-enzymes.info)
Diacylglycerol O-acyltransfera2
- LA offset the rise in blood and liver TG by inhibiting liver lipogenic gene expression (e.g. sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase-1 and diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase-2), lowering hepatic TG secretion, and stimulating clearance of TG-rich lipoproteins. (oregonstate.edu)
- diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 [Sou. (gsea-msigdb.org)
Protein kinase8
- Mogrosides also contributed to increased activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). (bestherbalhealth.com)
- This effect may have been due to AMP-activated protein kinase activation. (bestherbalhealth.com)
- Insulin signaling affects multiple downstream pathways including mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), which controls growth, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1), which stimulates the synthesis of lipid and cholesterol as well as the family of Forkhead (FOXO) transcription factors regulating metabolism and autophagy [ 9 ] [ 10 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
- Although AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) reportedly mediates the metabolic effects of LA in rodents, no change in AMPK activity was observed, suggesting LA acted independently of this kinase. (oregonstate.edu)
- Some of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) showed male bias, including serine/threonine-protein kinase ( STPK ), THUMP1 homolog and other genes. (beds.ac.uk)
- IP3 stimulates the release of calcium ions from the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, whereas DAG is still membrane-associated and activates protein kinase C (PKC). (wikidoc.org)
- divergent protein kinase domain 2A [Sou. (gsea-msigdb.org)
- CDC28 protein kinase regulatory subunit. (gsea-msigdb.org)
Enzyme5
- AMPK is suggested to have inhibitory effects on the glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase enzyme, which plays a role in triglyceride accumulation. (bestherbalhealth.com)
- AMPK is also suggested to decrease cholesterol levels by blocking the activity of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase enzyme. (bestherbalhealth.com)
- Glycerol 3-phosphate is produced from glycerol, the triose sugar backbone of triglycerides and glycerophospholipids, by the enzyme glycerol kinase. (hmdb.ca)
- The first, continuing in the liver, uses the enzyme 3-oxo-5-beta-steroid-4-deydrogenase to become 7a-hydroxy-5b-cholestan-3-one. (smpdb.ca)
- The observation that mice lacking the enzyme sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase are protected from insulin resistance suggests the possibility that the regulation of TG synthesis be a target for therapy. (oregonstate.edu)
DHAP1
- DHAP can then be rearranged into glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GA3P) by triose phosphate isomerase (TIM), and feed into glycolysis. (hmdb.ca)
Pentose phospha1
- More importantly, most maize genes encoding lipid-related transcription factors, triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthetic enzymes, pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and Calvin Cycle proteins were not regulated during seed oil synthesis, despite the presence of many homologs in the maize genome. (researchsquare.com)
Glyceraldehyde 3-phospha1
- It is commonly confused with the similarly named glycerate 3-phosphate or glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. (hmdb.ca)
Insulin resistance2
- Glucose intolerance in association with hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance are early hallmarks of the prediabetic phase ( 1 - 3 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
- In contrast, others have favored the concept that exaggerated insulin secretion will cause insulin resistance ( 3 , 4 ), possibly via fatty acid-mediated impairment of insulin action ( 5 - 7 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate1
- Synthesis of diacylglycerol begins with glycerol-3-phosphate, which is derived primarily from dihydroxyacetone phosphate , a product of glycolysis (usually in the cytoplasm of liver or adipose tissue cells). (wikidoc.org)
Enzymes3
- Under certain conditions the enzymes choline kinase, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase and phosphatidate phosphatase may play regulatory roles. (wikipedia.org)
- The chilling tolerance can be strengthened, by transfering some genes encoding antioxidant enzymes, such as SOD, APX, CAT and GR. Some researches demonstrated: ABA is not only an important stress signal of low temperature, but also regulates the expression of many genes under low temperature, Ca2+ is a major second messenger, protein kinases also take part in the signal transduction under low temperature in plant. (chinbullbotany.com)
- IL23 is the Janus mitochondria JAK2 and TYK2, rotting in membrane of the combination senescence, which is the being enzymes for Signal efficiency and water of library 3( STAT3) and STAT4 to be and be Prolonged. (evakoch.com)
Synthase2
- 18874) imidazoleglycerol phosphate synthase%2C cyclase subunit CP001857 CDS Arcpr_0021 19046. (go.jp)
- 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase. (gsea-msigdb.org)
Glycolysis1
- Glycerol 3-phosphate is a chemical intermediate in the glycolysis metabolic pathway. (hmdb.ca)
Shikimate1
- 28911 shikimate kinase CP001857 CDS Arcpr_0034 complement(28829. (go.jp)
Choline1
- The transformation of CDP-choline to phosphatidylcholine is effected by choline phosphate cytidyltransferase. (wikipedia.org)
Phosphoric1
Genes1
- In Escherichia coli, the genes coding for glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase and diacylglycerol kinase (plsB and dgkA) are found next to each other in divergent orientations, suggesting a co-ordinated regulation. (hal.science)
Acyl3
- The chilling sensitivity of plants can be regulated by the level of unsaturated fatty acids in membrane lipids, which could be attained by controlling the action of glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase and acyl_lipid desaturases. (chinbullbotany.com)
- Glycerol-3-phosphate is first acylated with acyl-coenzyme A (acyl-CoA) to form lysophosphatidic acid , which is then acylated with another molecule of acyl-CoA to yield phosphatidic acid . (wikidoc.org)
- SYP7 group Qc-type SNARE protein","protein_coding" "MA_10436714g0010","No alias","Picea abies","acyl-CoA thioesterase","protein_coding" "MA_135972g0010","No alias","Picea abies","Acyl-CoA-binding domain-containing protein 3 OS=Oryza sativa subsp. (ntu.edu.sg)
Phosphatidic acid1
- Since diacylglycerol is synthesized via phosphatidic acid, it will usually contain a saturated fatty acid at the C-1 position on the glycerol moiety and an unsaturated fatty acid at the C-2 position. (wikidoc.org)
Lipolysis1
- What about the other product of lipolysis: glycerol? (flashcardmachine.com)
Phosphoinositide1
- Free circulating insulin activates insulin receptors on the surface of target cells eliciting a signaling cascade initiated by the activation of insulin receptor substrates (IRS 1-4) followed by phosphorylation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), which manages metabolic response including PDK1 and Akt stimulation by phosphorylation. (encyclopedia.pub)
Lipid1
- Lipid molecules have these properties because they consist largely of long hydrocarbon tails which are lipophilic in nature as well as polar headgroups (e.g. phosphate-based functionality, and/or inositol based functionality). (medmuv.com)
Cyclase1
- Both cannabinoid receptors (CBRs) are, in fact, part of the heptahelical G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family and can inhibit adenyl cyclase activity or even stimulate mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), being, therefore, classified as Gi/0 receptors [ 3 - 5 ]. (irjournal.org)
Liver1
- The glycerol is metabolized by the liver. (pharmacy180.com)
Subunit1
- COP9 signalosome subunit 3 [Source:HGNC. (gsea-msigdb.org)
Mitochondria1
- Revisiting 7a-hydroxy-cholestene-3-one, the second chain of reactions it is involved in follows a similar path as the first, moving through the mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and peroxisome until choloyl-CoA is formed, which then is used in three reactions so that its derivatives may leave the cell to interact with intestinal microflora and become taurodeoxycholic acid, deoxycholic acid glycine conjugate and deoxycholic acid. (smpdb.ca)
Ester2
- A diglyceride , more correctly known as a diacylglycerol , is a glyceride consisting of two fatty acid chains covalently bonded to a glycerol molecule through ester linkages. (wikidoc.org)
- Cholesterol is a hydrophobic compound, with a single hydroxyl group located at carbon 3 of the A ring, to which a fatty acid can be attached, producing an even more hydrophobic cholesteryl ester. (pharmacy180.com)
Adenosine1
- The pathway is driven by hydrolysis of the high-energy thioester bond of acetyl CoA and the terminal phosphate bond of adenosine triphosphate. (pharmacy180.com)
Interproscan1
- protein_coding" "Cz06g21140.t1","No alias","Chromochloris zofingiensis","Aldose 1-/Glucose-6-phosphate 1-epimerase [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
Acetyl1
- All the carbon atoms in cholesterol are provided by acetyl coenzyme A (CoA), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate provides the reducing equivalents. (pharmacy180.com)
Inositol2
- Although inositol triphosphate (IP 3 ) diffuses into the cytosol , diacylglycerol (DAG) stays close to the plasma membrane , due to its hydrophobic properties. (wikidoc.org)
- inositol-pentakisphosphate 2-kinase [So. (gsea-msigdb.org)
Primarily1
- They function to keep lipids (primarily triacyl-glycerol [TAG] and cholesteryl esters) soluble as they transport them between tissues. (pharmacy180.com)
Symbol2
- glycerol kinase [Source:HGNC Symbol;Acc. (gsea-msigdb.org)
- ERGIC and golgi 3 [Source:HGNC Symbol;A. (gsea-msigdb.org)
Fatty acid1
- Diacylglycerol is a precursor to triacylglycerol (triglyceride), which is formed in the addition of a third fatty acid to the diacylglycerol under the catalysis of diglyceride acyltransferase . (wikidoc.org)
Tumor1
- 2012). Our previous study demonstrated that PM2.5 exposure led to hyperglycemia and IR, which were accompanied by hypothalamic inflammation evidenced by increased mRNA levels of Interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), Inhibitor kappa B kinase 2 (IKK2), and enhanced microglial/astrocyte reactivity (Song et al. (deepdyve.com)
Mechanism1
- Six possible microunits of our aqueous system consisting of three PLs donors (PC, lyso-PC, sn-glycero-3-PC) and two DHA donors (DHA and DHA salts), were simulated by molecular dynamics (MD) to illustrate the enzymatic mechanism based on diffusional channels, competitive bindings, and enzymatic structures. (bvsalud.org)
Chains1
- 7a-hydroxy-cholestene-3-one then is used in two different chains of reactions. (smpdb.ca)
Source4
- A-kinase anchoring protein 10 [Source:H. (gsea-msigdb.org)
- casein kinase 1 gamma 1 [Source:HGNC Sy. (gsea-msigdb.org)
- G protein nucleolar 3 [Source:HGNC Symb. (gsea-msigdb.org)
- FAST kinase domains 2 [Source:HGNC Symb. (gsea-msigdb.org)
Acid2
- Total extracted nucleic acid was also tested for the presence of notifiable transboundary ruminant viral pathogens using previously established diagnostic real-time RT-PCR assays for foot-and-mouth disease virus ( 2 ), blue-tongue virus ( 3 ), peste des petits ruminants virus ( 4 ), capripox viruses ( 5 ) and epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus ( 6 ). (cdc.gov)
- It is then transported back into intracellular space, where after its used in 3 different reactions, its derivatives interact with intestinal microflora in the extracellular space to become lithocholyltaurine, lithocholic acid glycine conjugate, and lithocholic acid. (smpdb.ca)