The specific activity of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) in normally cultured HD fibroblasts was not different from that in control and escapee fibroblasts. (duke.edu)
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), a cellular metabolic protein, was found to colocalize with viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (NS5) in JEV-infected cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Crystalline lobster-muscle glyceraldehyde-3-posphate dehydrogenase (d-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate: NAD + oxidoreductase (phosphorylating), EC 1.2.1.12) possesses 7.3 ± 0.3 cysteine residues per mole of enzyme (140 000 g), i.e. approx. (mssm.edu)
The reaction of 5,5' dithiobis(2 nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) with rabbit muscle glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase [d glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate: NAD + oxidoreductase (phosphorylating), EC 1.2.1.12] consists of an initial burst of reaction over several minutes, corresponding to 2 thiols/subunit, followed by a further slow reaction of the 2 remaining groups. (edu.au)
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse Glyceraldehyde 3 Phosphate Dehydrogenase in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. (master-sistemisanitari-medicinenonconvenzionali.org)
Structure-Guided Protein Engineering of Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase from Corynebacterium glutamicum for Dual NAD/NADP Cofactor Specificity. (bvsalud.org)
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), a glycolytic enzyme that converts glyceraldehyde -3- phosphate (G3P) to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate and produces NADH , is a major prospective solution for the cofactor imbalance issue. (bvsalud.org)
GAPDH (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) is known as a major target protein in oxidative stresses and becomes thiolated in its active site. (elsevierpure.com)
Aldolase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase are involved in the production or elimination of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate during glycolysis or gluconeogenesis, and are differentially expressed under various physiological conditions, including cancer, hypoxia, and apoptosis. (molcells.org)
The enzyme activity of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GADPH), neuron specific enolase (NSE), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), has been examined in saline-perfused, desheathed and denervated peroneal (P) and tibial (T) nerves from cats treated with acrylamide (15 mg/kg/day, s.c.) or vehicle for 15 days. (cdc.gov)
Mockrin SC, Byers LD, Koshland DE Jr. Subunit interactions in yeast glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. (medscape.com)
GAPDH3
However, in escapee and control fibroblasts subjected to stress by withholding fresh medium, the specific activity of GAPDH in cells harvested by trypsinization increased greatly 3 weeks after withholding medium ( approximately 8-fold), but the increase was significantly less pronounced ( approximately 3-fold) in the HD fibroblasts. (duke.edu)
instead, GAPDH binds to the 3' termini of plus- and minus-strand RNAs of JEV by electrophoretic mobility shift assays. (biomedcentral.com)
Expression levels were normalized to GAPDH and fold- change of expression level was calculated using the comparative Ct method (2-Ct), as described previously ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
Enzyme2
also known as 3-phosphoglycerate) are produced by the first step of the light-independent reactions when ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) and carbon dioxide are catalysed by the rubisco enzyme. (wikipedia.org)
Glycerol 3-phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate are both important molecules taking part in various metabolic processes in living organisms, particularly in glycolysis and lipid metabolism. (pediaa.com)
Glycerol 3-phosphate is synthesized through various pathways, including glycolysis, glycerol phosphate shuttle, and gluconeogenesis pathway. (pediaa.com)
In subsequent steps of glycolysis, glycerol 3-phosphate is further metabolized to generate ATP and NADH , a coenzyme involved in cellular respiration. (pediaa.com)
Glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate is mainly formed during the process of glycolysis, the central metabolic pathway. (pediaa.com)
FBP is the product of the reaction 3 of glycolysis, so it acts as a feed-forward activator of the enxyme that catalyzes step 10. (flashcardmachine.com)
Triose phosphate3
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, also known as triose phosphate or 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde and abbreviated as G3P, GA3P, GADP, GAP, TP, GALP or PGAL, is a metabolite that occurs as an intermediate in several central pathways of all organisms. (wikipedia.org)
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP), catalyzed by triose phosphate isomerase. (wikipedia.org)
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, also known as triose phosphate , is a key molecule in cellular metabolism. (pediaa.com)
Glycolytic2
D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is also of some importance since this is how glycerol (as DHAP) enters the glycolytic and gluconeogenic pathways. (wikipedia.org)
Typically, rapidly proliferating tumor cells have glycolytic rates up to 200 times higher than those of their normal tissue of origin, even in the presence of oxygen [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
Aldolase2
D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is formed from the following three compounds in reversible reactions: Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (F1,6BP), catalyzed by aldolase. (wikipedia.org)
Overexpression of aldolase protected cells against apoptosis, and addition of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to cells delayed apoptosis. (molcells.org)
NADH2
In this shuttle, glycerol 3-phosphate is converted to dihydroxyacetone phosphate, allowing the transfer of reducing equivalents from the cytosolic NADH to the mitochondrial electron transport chain. (pediaa.com)
Glyceraldehyde serves as a crucial intermediate in these reactions, facilitating the transfer of high-energy phosphate groups and electrons to produce ATP and reducing equivalents such as NADH. (pediaa.com)
Glycerol8
Glycerol 3-phosphate consists of a glycerol backbone and a three-carbon molecule with a phosphate group attached to the third carbon atom. (pediaa.com)
This phosphate group enables glycerol 3-phosphate to participate in phosphorylation reactions and interact with other molecules in cellular processes. (pediaa.com)
One of the main roles of glycerol 3-phosphate is its involvement in energy metabolism. (pediaa.com)
Glycerol 3-phosphate serves as a precursor for the production of ATP , the main energy currency of the cell. (pediaa.com)
Another crucial function of glycerol 3-phosphate lies in lipid metabolism. (pediaa.com)
During triglyceride synthesis, glycerol 3-phosphate combines with three fatty acid molecules through ester linkages, forming a triglyceride molecule. (pediaa.com)
Glycerol 3-phosphate is also important in the synthesis of phospholipids, which are crucial components of cell membranes. (pediaa.com)
Additionally, glycerol 3-phosphate plays a role in the glycerol phosphate shuttle mechanism, which facilitates the transport of reducing equivalents across the cellular membranes. (pediaa.com)
Fructose2
The numbering of the carbon atoms indicates the fate of the carbons according to their position in fructose 6-phosphate. (wikipedia.org)
Fig. 3: PK activation diminishes the effect of fructose on hypoxia survival. (nature.com)
Hexokinase1
The specific activity of hexokinase (HK) was significantly higher in the HD fibroblasts at 1-3 weeks after withholding fresh medium than in the escapee/control fibroblasts. (duke.edu)
Glucose1
6 CO2 + 6 RuBP (+ energy from 12 ATP and 12 NADPH) →12 G3P (3-carbon) 10 G3P (+ energy from 6 ATP) → 6 RuBP (i.e. starting material regenerated) 2 G3P → glucose (6-carbon). (wikipedia.org)
Molecule1
Based on these results, we suggest that glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, a key molecule in several central metabolic pathways, functions as a molecule switch between cell survival and apoptosis. (molcells.org)
Metabolic1
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is a key intermediate in several central metabolic pathways of all organisms. (molcells.org)
Biosynthesis4
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate occurs as a byproduct in the biosynthesis pathway of tryptophan, an essential amino acid that cannot be produced by the human body. (wikipedia.org)
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate occurs as a reactant in the biosynthesis pathway of thiamine (Vitamin B1), another substance that cannot be produced by the human body. (wikipedia.org)
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate plays a vital role in the anabolic pathways, mainly in the biosynthesis of various important molecules. (pediaa.com)
1-Deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate is used as a substrate for the identification, differentiation and characterization of procaryotic 1-Deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase(s) (Dxr) which catalyze the first committed step of the nonmevalonate pathway (NMP) for isoprenoid biosynthesis. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Photosynthesis1
This returns ADP, phosphate ions Pi, and NADP+ to the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis for their continued function. (wikipedia.org)
Reversible1
Surprisingly, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate directly suppressed caspase-3 activity in a reversible noncompetitive mode, preventing caspase-dependent proteolysis. (molcells.org)
NADPH2
The GP is converted to D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) using the energy in ATP and the reducing power of NADPH as part of the Calvin cycle. (wikipedia.org)
3. The three products are: ATP, NADPH, and O2. (answers.com)
Ester2
With the chemical formula H(O)CCH(OH)CH2OPO32-, this anion is a monophosphate ester of glyceraldehyde. (wikipedia.org)
Cisplatin-induced LLC-PK1 cell death was most significantly reduced following treatment with 3-dehydroxyceanothetric acid 2-methyl ester (3DC2ME). (mdpi.com)
Reaction1
Name 3 products of the Light reaction? (answers.com)
Additionally, delayed apoptotic phenomena were observed when glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate was added to a cell-free system, in which artificial apoptotic process was induced by adding dATP and cytochrome c. (molcells.org)
Reactions1
It is subsequently converted to 1,3-biphosphoglycerate through a series of enzymatic reactions, ultimately leading to the production of ATP. (pediaa.com)
Protein2
Finally, the total yield of fibroblasts per culture flask (as judged by protein content) was significantly greater for the stressed HD fibroblasts than for the escapee and control fibroblasts at 2 and 3 weeks after withholding medium. (duke.edu)
GSE76211) ( 3 , 4 ), revealing a significantly upregulated gene in BCa tissues, the lysosomal-associated protein multispanning transmembrane 5 (LAPTM5). (spandidos-publications.com)
Cell survival1
In this study, we examine the effects of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate on cell survival and apoptosis. (molcells.org)
Effects1
1 and 3 mg/kg/day p.o.), had similar effects on the morphological change and AT 1A mRNA level, whereas a smooth muscle relaxant, hydralazine (10 mg/kg/day p.o.), did not. (aspetjournals.org)
Significantly1
KRH-594 administered orally at 3 and 10 mg/kg/day significantly suppressed these increases. (aspetjournals.org)
Solution1
During transcription the cell was incubated in a solution containing deoxyribonucleotides that weigh 2 units (normal) each and ribonucleotides that weigh 3 units (due to other unusual isotopes) each. (flashcardmachine.com)
This collection included 12 genogroup (G) I, 65 GII, and 3 GIV human norovirus positive fecal samples. (cdc.gov)
Samples1
We sonicated the samples 3 times for 1 minute at the highest setting, with 1-minute periods on ice after each sonication step. (cdc.gov)
Group2
They share a common phosphate group and a 3-carbon backbone. (pediaa.com)
[3] In the formulas, the symbols R and R' usually denote an attached hydrogen, or a hydrocarbon side chain of any length, but may sometimes refer to any group of atoms. (wikipedia.org)