Glutamine synthetase isoenzymes. Medical search. Frequent questions

Glutamate synthase (also known as Glutamine oxoglutarate aminotransferase) is an enzyme and frequently abbreviated as GOGAT. (wikipedia.org)
This enzyme manufactures glutamate from glutamine and α-ketoglutarate, and thus along with glutamine synthetase (abbreviated GS) plays a central role in the regulation of nitrogen assimilation in photosynthetic eukaryotes and prokaryotes. (wikipedia.org)
Our data showed that Cd stimulated the seven isoenzymes activities of glutamate deshydrogenase (NADH-GDH). (journalcra.com)
Confocal studies showed differential cellular and compartmental distribution of isozymes involved in glucose, glutamate, glutamine, lactate, and creatine metabolism. (molvis.org)

GOGAT isoenzymes catalyze the transfer of the amido nitrogen of glutamine to 2-oxoglutarate using pyridine nucleotides (NADH-/NADPH-dependent) or ferredoxin (ferredoxin dependent) as reductants. (wikipedia.org)
PAA conjugates with glutamine (which contains 2 molecules of nitrogen) via acetylation in the liver and kidneys to form PAGN, which is excreted by the kidneys (Figure 1). (clustermed.info)

It has been shown that Cd enhanced activity and protein accumulation of cytosolic isoenzyme (GS1) and reduced those of chloroplastid isoenzyme (GS2). (journalcra.com)

PBA undergoes β-oxidation to PAA, which is conjugated with glutamine in the liver and in the kidney through the enzyme phenylacetyl-CoA: L-glutamine-N-acetyltransferase to form PAGN. (clustermed.info)

In addition to glucose, glutamine is also required to feed the TCA cycle. (hindawi.com)
Glucose and glutamine are the 2 major substrates used by cancer cells. (hindawi.com)

For functional reconstitution, we incorporated the purified isoenzymes into Triton X-100-saturated dioleoylphosphatidylcholine liposomes and removed excess detergent with polystyrene beads. (bvsalud.org)

The expression of glutaminase proteins, which regulates the first stage in glutamine metabolism, is associated with the malignancy and pace of cancer progression [ 10 , 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Developmental phase-specific alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes of human placenta and their occurrence in human cancer. (roche.com)

Reduction of glutamine synthetase (GS) activity by Cd disappeared progressively after transfer of Cd-stressed tomato to control medium. (journalcra.com)

We obtained clear results, using reverse genetics approaches together with localization works, that glutamine synthetase (GS)1;2 was important in both the primary assimilation of NH4+ and outgrowth of axillary tiller buds, whereas GS1;1 is important in remobilization of N from senescing organs. (nii.ac.jp)

In photosynthetic eukaryotes, GS and GOGAT isoenzymes are localized in the cytosol and chloroplast. (wikipedia.org)

This central process yields the readily metabolizable glutamine, which in turn is at the basis of all subsequent biosynthesis of nitrogenous compounds. (ox.ac.uk)
The essential role performed by glutamine synthetase makes it a prime target for herbicidal compounds, but also a suitable intervention point for the improvement of crop yields. (ox.ac.uk)

The structures of cytosolic and plastid-located glutamine synthetases from Medicago truncatula reveal a common and dynamic architecture. (ox.ac.uk)

10. Glutamine synthetase is a genetic determinant of cell type-specific glutamine independence in breast epithelia. (nih.gov)

encodes a glutamine-dependent asparagine synthetase, the predicted ASN1 peptide contains a purF-type glutamine-binding domain, and is expressed predominantly in shoot tissues, where light has a negative effect on its mRNA accumulation. (or.jp)