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GlutaminaseGlutamineGlutamate-Ammonia LigaseDiazooxonorleucineAmmoniaGlutamatesGlutamic AcidNitrogenous Group TransferasesPhosphatesAmmonium ChlorideGlutamate DehydrogenaseGlutamate SynthaseKetoglutaric AcidsCarbamoyl-Phosphate Synthase (Glutamine-Hydrolyzing)Amino AcidsMethionine SulfoximineMaleatesAcidosisKineticsKidneyNitrogenCarbon-Nitrogen LigasesAspartate-Ammonia LigaseAmidophosphoribosyltransferaseCarcinoma, Ehrlich TumorRats, Inbred StrainsAsparaginasePrecursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-LymphomaBostonCombined Modality TherapyNational Cancer Institute (U.S.)IsraelCancer Care FacilitiesExhibits as TopicPersonsGlycolysisMetabolic Networks and PathwaysNeoplasmsCell Line, TumorNew York
MetabolismInhibitorGlutamateInhibitionProliferationInhibitorsMetabolicGlucoseAmidohydrolaseGLS1MitochondrialTumorsPathwaySelectiveDeprivationImportant amino acidTelaglenastatProteinsBacterialAminoDepletionUptakeCancersImmune SystemActivityCellularParametersTissuesSignificantlyInflammatoryCellsTreatmentHighEliminateProductsInclude
Metabolism24
  • Confocal studies showed differential cellular and compartmental distribution of isozymes involved in glucose, glutamate, glutamine, lactate, and creatine metabolism. (molvis.org)
  • Scholars@Duke publication: Glutamine Metabolism in Cancer: Understanding the Heterogeneity. (duke.edu)
  • Reliance on glutamine has long been considered a hallmark of cancer cell metabolism. (duke.edu)
  • However, some recent studies have challenged this notion in vivo, prompting a need for further clarifications on the role of glutamine metabolism in cancer. (duke.edu)
  • In this review, we discuss the implications both for basic science and for targeting glutamine metabolism in cancer therapy. (duke.edu)
  • GLUTAMINASE (EC 3.5.1.2) is a key enzyme in the metabolism of glutamine. (bioassaysys.com)
  • Glutamine is an important amino acid in the metabolism of cancer cells, and increased glutaminolysis has been linked to cancer. (bioassaysys.com)
  • Glutamine can also help increase the metabolism promoting a much easier time maintaining your weight. (vitanetonline.com)
  • High-OXPHOS MBMs were characterized by mTORC1 pathway activation, immunosuppression, and enhanced glutamine metabolism. (tmc.edu)
  • The expression of glutaminase proteins, which regulates the first stage in glutamine metabolism, is associated with the malignancy and pace of cancer progression [ 10 , 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The GSK3 Signaling Axis Regulates Adaptive Glutamine Metabolism in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma. (uclahealth.org)
  • In order to restrict the proliferation of glutamine-addicted cancer cells, researchers have created various drugs that target different stages in glutamine metabolism. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Because cancer cells' reliance on glutamine metabolism is generally greater than in normal tissues, and glutamine deprivation in cancer cell cultures frequently results in cell death, scientists have explored depleting glutamine as a cancer therapy strategy. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Recent research has shown that GPNA can inhibit multiple other amino acid transporters and that GPNA's inhibition of cell viability is likely due to off-target effects from the activity of the γ-Glutamyltransferase enzyme rather than the disruption of glutamine metabolism [ 12 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • We first review the basics of microglial metabolism and the effects of common metabolites, such as glucose, lipids, ketone bodies, glutamine, pyruvate and lactate, on microglial inflammatory and phagocytic properties. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Barcelona, Spain (UroToday.com) Altered glucose and glutamine metabolism is a hallmark of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). (endourology.ph)
  • Cancer cells compensate for the Warburg effect by increasing glutamine metabolism to sustain the TCA cycle for growth and proliferation. (endourology.ph)
  • Glutaminase is a key enzyme in glutamine metabolism and drives proliferation of RCC cells when overexpressed. (endourology.ph)
  • Given that glutaminolysis has been shown as a targetable vulnerability of AML undergoing FLT3i therapy, the Emadi lab is investigating the impact of targeting glutamine metabolism in FLT3i-resistant AML to develop novel combination therapies that can be translated to the clinic. (emadicancerlab.com)
  • As the reprogrammed metabolic programs can be directly or indirectly traced to glutamine catabolism, the research further studies the regulation of glutamine metabolism on tilapia T-cell immunity. (ecnu.edu.cn)
  • Further studies have confirmed that the mTORC1 and MAPK/ERK pathways have undertaken TCR signaling, regulated glutamine metabolism through c-Myc, and promoted T-cell immunity in tilapia. (ecnu.edu.cn)
  • Based on the similarities between tilapia and mammals in T-cell metabolism and reprogramming, the authors speculated that the regulation of T-cell immunity by glutamine metabolism may be a conserved strategy in the evolution of jawed vertebrates. (ecnu.edu.cn)
  • The authors selected vertebrates at different evolutionary stages and analyzed the relationship between glutamine metabolism and T-cell immunity in order to verify this hypothesis. (ecnu.edu.cn)
  • The results show that tilapia, Xenopus laevis, chicken and mouse share a conserved c-Myc-driven glutamine metabolism to regulate T-cell immunity. (ecnu.edu.cn)
Inhibitor8
  • non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the activity of a glutaminase (EC 3.5.1.2) and thus the generation of glutamate from glutamine. (mcw.edu)
  • The researchers have demonstrated that a small molecule called CB-839, a glutaminase inhibitor, makes KRAS-mutant pancreatic tumors susceptible to a chemotherapy called gemcitabine. (technologynetworks.com)
  • A glutaminase inhibitor is a compound that disrupts metabolic interactions called glutaminolysis. (technologynetworks.com)
  • IACS-010759 treatment and treatment with the novel glutaminase inhibitor CB839 significantly improved the survival of mice bearing High-OXPHOS, MAPKi-resistant ICr xenografts. (tmc.edu)
  • Additionally, treatment of the cells with Compound 968, a glutaminase inhibitor, depleted the cells from the CD133 marker, slowed proliferation and limited growth on soft agar. (tmc.edu)
  • L-Glutamyl-p-nitroanilide (GPNA), an analog of glutamine, was developed into a first-generation SLC1A5 inhibitor [ 9 ] [ 10 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Telaglenastat, also known as CB-839, an is orally bioavailable inhibitor of glutaminase, with potential antineoplastic activity. (xcessbio.com)
  • Telaglenastat is a novel, first-in-clinic, selective glutaminase inhibitor that blocks critical glutamine-dependent pathways and synergizes preclinically with signal transduction inhibitors (eg, everolimus). (endourology.ph)
Glutamate9
  • In enzymology, a protein-glutamine glutaminase (EC 3.5.1.44) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction protein L-glutamine + H2O ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } protein L-glutamate + NH3 Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are protein L-glutamine and H2O, whereas its two products are protein L-glutamate and NH3. (wikipedia.org)
  • What enzyme catalyzes glutamate → glutamine? (flashcardmachine.com)
  • Loss-of-function mutations in glutaminase (GLS), the enzyme converting glutamine into glutamate, and the counteracting enzyme glutamine synthetase (GS) cause disturbed glutamate homeostasis and severe neonatal encephalopathy. (amsterdamumc.org)
  • In line with GLS hyperactivity, increased glutamate and decreased glutamine concentrations were measured in urine and fibroblasts. (amsterdamumc.org)
  • In the brain (both grey and white matter), glutamate was also extremely high and glutamine was almost undetectable, demonstrated with magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging at clinical field strength and subsequently supported at ultra-high field strength. (amsterdamumc.org)
  • Glutamine is naturally utilized at high rates by the isolated incubated lymphocytes that produces glutamate, lactate, and aspartate. (vitanetonline.com)
  • Glutaminase, which catalyzes the conversion of glutamine to glutamate, is gaining increasing attention as a potential drug target. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Glutamine-dependent tumors rely on the conversion of exogenous glutamine into glutamate and glutamate metabolites to both provide energy and generate building blocks for the production of macromolecules, which are needed for cellular growth and survival. (xcessbio.com)
  • L-glutamate is produced by the body from glutamic acid via the action of glutaminase. (wellnesswarrior.org)
Inhibition5
  • Targeted Inhibition of EGFR and Glutaminase Induces Metabolic Crisis in EGFR Mutant Lung Cancer. (uclahealth.org)
  • Inhibition of glutamine synthesis in cancer-associated fibroblasts was found to limit ovarian tumor growth [ 3 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • In comparison with GPNA, V-9032 has approximately 100-fold increased potency in blocking cellular glutamine uptake, and inhibition of SLC1A5 with V-9032 was demonstrated to cause cell death, disrupt redox equilibrium, and result in disrupted development and progression of cancer [ 13 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • ENTRATA met its primary endpoint, supporting proof of concept for glutamine inhibition with telaglenastat as a new therapeutic approach in RCC. (endourology.ph)
  • whereas the glutamine deprivation or inhibition of the glutaminase GLS1 results in impairment of T-cell proliferation and effector function. (ecnu.edu.cn)
Proliferation3
  • Advanced and aggressive prostate cancer (PCa) depends on glutamine for survival and proliferation. (researchgate.net)
  • By blocking glutamine utilization, proliferation in rapidly growing cells is impaired. (xcessbio.com)
  • Glutamine depletion has emerged as a therapeutic approach for cancers that are dependent on exogenous glutamine for survival and proliferation. (emadicancerlab.com)
Inhibitors3
  • This signifies the impact of glutaminase inhibitors in combination with chemotherapy. (technologynetworks.com)
  • Small-molecule inhibitors such as BPTES and CB-839, which target the allosteric site of glutaminase with high specificity, demonstrate immense promise as anti-tumor drugs. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • The results of this study will facilitate the rational design of new KGA inhibitors to better treat glutamine-addicted cancers. (johnshopkins.edu)
Metabolic1
  • In this paper, we suggest a mechanism for making pancreatic cancers more sensitive to chemotherapy by reversing the effects of KRAS on cellular metabolic pathways, specifically those involving glutamine. (technologynetworks.com)
Glucose2
Amidohydrolase1
  • The systematic name of this enzyme class is protein-L-glutamine amidohydrolase. (wikipedia.org)
GLS11
  • This study aimed to validate the diagnostic and prognostic efficiency of Kidney-type glutaminase (GLS1) for HCC in prospective cohorts with a large sample size. (biomedcentral.com)
Mitochondrial1
  • Depletion of plasma glutamine concentration has been shown to activate mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in pancreatic adenocarcinoma, suggesting that asparaginase therapy would synergize well with other inducers of mitochondrial regulated apoptosis. (emadicancerlab.com)
Tumors1
  • We find that there is ample evidence of an essential role for glutamine in tumors and that a variety of factors, including tissue type, the underlying cancer genetics, the tumor microenvironment and other variables such as diet and host physiology collectively influence the role of glutamine in cancer. (duke.edu)
Pathway3
  • Based on the studies in mice, inhibiting the glutamine pathway deprives cancer cells of the energy source they need to proliferate," added study author Dwight Nissley, Ph.D., director of the Frederick National Laboratory's Cancer Research Technology Program and the national lab's senior scientist in the RAS Initiative. (technologynetworks.com)
  • Our further investigations have shown that targeting glutaminase 1 reduces the stemness characteristics of HCC by upregulating reactive oxygen species and downregulating the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway [ 12 , 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Glutamine Inhibifour: The first 4 in 1 food supplement designed with the GLUTAMINOLYISIS pathway in mind. (myhealingcommunity.com)
Selective1
  • In one case, the presence of several kinds of glutamine transporters in the plasma membrane made it difficult to accomplish selective blocking of glutamine absorption [ 5 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Deprivation1
Important amino acid2
  • L-glutamine is an important amino acid that plays a key role in the functions of your body. (wellnesswarrior.org)
  • L-Glutamine is an important amino acid that plays a role in improving intestinal health. (wellnesswarrior.org)
Telaglenastat1
Proteins1
Bacterial2
  • Multiple compounds, such as bacterial L-glutaminase and phenylbutyrate derivatives, that induce systemic depletion of glutamine were evaluated as potential therapeutic agents [ 1 ] [ 2 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Clinically available asparaginase is derived from 2 bacterial sources: Escherichia coli and Erwinia chrysanthemi, with asparaginase from Erwinia demonstrating higher glutaminase activity. (emadicancerlab.com)
Amino7
  • Since glutamine and cysteine are essential nutrients for glutathione production, cancer cells take up large amounts of these amino acids. (dojindo.com)
  • L-glutamine is the most abundant amino acid that is produced by your body and tissues. (wellnesswarrior.org)
  • however, there are also essential amino acids, and L-glutamine is what's known as a conditionally essential amino acid. (wellnesswarrior.org)
  • Similar to other amino acids, l-glutamine helps us produce muscle cells and use energy, maintain healthy gut bacteria and support the immune system. (wellnesswarrior.org)
  • Studies have shown that supplementation with L-Glutamine can significantly increase blood plasma levels of this amino acid. (wellnesswarrior.org)
  • When someone has low levels of L-Glutamine, gut bacteria are not able to efficiently use this amino acid. (wellnesswarrior.org)
  • All cells need the amino acids asparagine and glutamine for protein synthesis and growth, and while normal healthy cells can obtain most through its own synthesis, cancer cells cannot produce enough to meet cellular demands and must therefore rely on circulating levels. (emadicancerlab.com)
Depletion1
  • In addition, in a clinical study designed and conducted by Dr. Emadi, asparaginase led to complete plasma glutamine depletion in patients, which correlated to anti-leukemic activity in 40% of patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML). (emadicancerlab.com)
Uptake1
  • Furthermore, we found that glutamine uptake was higher in GBM stem cells compared with FBS induced cells. (tmc.edu)
Cancers1
Immune System2
Activity3
Cellular1
  • Similar to AML cells, pancreatic cancer cells are also dependent on glutamine and rely on circulating levels to meet high cellular demands. (emadicancerlab.com)
Parameters4
  • Yes, you can use this kit to determine the enzymatic parameters of your Glutaminase. (bioassaysys.com)
  • You can use different dilutions of the substrate to generate the enzymatic parameters of your Glutaminase. (bioassaysys.com)
  • Optimization of various physicochemical parameters namely incubation time, pH, temperature, initial moisture content, carbon sources, nitrogen sources, L-glutamine concentration and inoculum level was carried out. (researchsquare.com)
  • After screening and optimization of various parameters, the yield of L-glutaminase increased from 79.03 to 159.12 IU/gds. (researchsquare.com)
Tissues1
  • Researchers found that supplementation with L-Glutamine can significantly reduce inflammation in a variety of tissues, including the gut, lungs, brain, and blood. (wellnesswarrior.org)
Significantly1
Inflammatory2
  • It has also been found that L-Glutamine supplementation combined with antioxidants is associated with reduced levels of inflammatory markers. (wellnesswarrior.org)
  • Glutamine is helpful in treating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by reducing intestinal permeability. (wellnesswarrior.org)
Cells3
  • It also showed the importance of glutamine in maintaining CD133 expression and GBM stem cells growth. (tmc.edu)
  • However, relevant research has ebbed due to the limitation of these agents, which is the easy acquisition of tumor resistance by de novo glutamine synthesis in cancer or stromal cells. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Glutamine supplementation can help to power intestinal cells and promote the reproduction of healthy intestinal cells. (wellnesswarrior.org)
Treatment1
  • A double-blind , randomized controlled trial of glutamine-enriched polymeric diet in the treatment of active Crohn's disease revealed that intaking a bit more glutamine may enhance Crohn's disease treatment. (wellnesswarrior.org)
High2
  • Having high levels of glutamine in the body has been claimed to help improve the body's lymphocites and intestinal cell enterocytes in the body. (vitanetonline.com)
  • This is why numerous product contains a high levels of glutamine to help with imbalanced areas in the body. (vitanetonline.com)
Eliminate1
Products1
Include2