Glutamate corynebacterium glutamicum. Medical search. Frequent questions

There has been much research on AmtR structure, functions, and regulons in the type strain C. glutamicum ATCC 13032, but little research in other C. glutamicum strains. (frontiersin.org)
When present in mixtures with glucose, the recombinant C. glutamicum strains co-utilized D-galacturonate with glucose and D-glucuronate with glucose, respectively. (springeropen.com)
Recombinant pentose-utilizing strains derived from C. glutamicum wild type or from the l-lysine-producing C. glutamicum strain DM1729 utilized arabinose and/or xylose when these were added as pure chemicals to glucose-based minimal medium or when they were present in acid hydrolysates of rice straw or wheat bran. (niist.res.in)
The recombinants grew to higher biomass concentrations and produced more l-glutamate and l-lysine, respectively, than the empty vector control strains, which utilized the glucose fraction. (niist.res.in)
1958). Currently the unmodified sort strain secretes up to 26 g l-1 L-glutamate in minimal medium under biotinlimited situations and strains improved by classical strain development accumulate extra than 100 g l-1 of this amino acid within the culture medium (Becker and Wittmann, 2012). (c-mycinhibitor.com)
At present these engineered strains do not reach the PPAR Agonist Species production titres of classical glutamate production strains (Sawada et al. (c-mycinhibitor.com)
The intensive investigations on L-glutamate and L-lysine biosynthesis pathways along with the understanding of their regulation and interconnection to the central metabolism of C. glutamicum helped to further boost production strains. (c-mycinhibitor.com)
Corynebacterium glutamicum strains suitable for the industrial production of L-histidine happen to be established by means of combining classical strain improvement and metabolic engineering. (c-mycinhibitor.com)

Glutamate flavoring is the generic name for flavor-enhancing compounds based on glutamic acid and its salts (glutamates). (wikipedia.org)
Glutamic acid and glutamates are natural constituents of many fermented or aged foods, including soy sauce, fermented bean paste, and cheese. (wikipedia.org)
The sodium salt of glutamic acid, monosodium glutamate (MSG), is manufactured on a large scale and widely used in the food industry. (wikipedia.org)
However, some crystalline salts such as monosodium glutamate dissolve much better and faster than crystalline glutamic acid. (wikipedia.org)
He then patented a method of mass-producing the crystalline salt of glutamic acid known as monosodium glutamate. (wikipedia.org)
Glutamic acid stimulates specific receptors located in taste buds such as the amino acid receptor T1R1/T1R3 or other glutamate receptors like the metabotropic receptors (mGluR4 and mGluR1), which induce the flavor known as umami. (wikipedia.org)
Glutamates are salts of glutamic acid, a type of amino acid, that have been discovered more than 100 years ago. (tci-thaijo.org)
Re-evaluation of glutamic acid (E 620), sodium glutamate (E 621), potassium glutamate (E 622), calcium glutamate (E 623), ammonium glutamate (E 624) and magnesium glutamate (E 625) as food additives. (tci-thaijo.org)
Rajaram S, Innasi MGM, Karuppiah P, Rajoo B. Production of L-glutamic acid with Corynebacterium glutamicum (NCIM 2168) and Pseudomonas reptilivora (NCIM 2598): a study on immobilization and reusability. (tci-thaijo.org)
This organism is a recently proposed new species of the genus capable of producing significant quantities of glutamic acid (glutamate), an important enhancer of taste in the food industry. (up.ac.za)

2011 ). Recently, two metabolic routes for de novo biosynthesis of GABA from glucose have been employed in C. glutamicum , both using its own produced Glu as precursor. (springeropen.com)
analyses gradually elucidated the perfected genome-scale metabolic map of C. glutamicum , expanding the scope of its application. (frontiersin.org)
An easily transferable metabolic engineering strategy for access of C. glutamicum to aldohexuronates was developed and applied to growth and production of the amino acids L-lysine and L-ornithine as well as the terpene lycopene from D-galacturonate or D-glucuronate. (springeropen.com)
Because this method has reached its limit to additional improve productivity, presently metabolic T-type calcium channel Antagonist Biological Activity engineering is utilized to additional optimize L-glutamate production. (c-mycinhibitor.com)

More than 2.9 Mio tons of L-glutamate, 1.9 Mio tons of L-lysine and several other products are currently provided by using this bacterium. (binoculas.net)
Nowadays, about two.5 million tons of L-glutamate and 1.five million tons of L-lysine are created annually by Corynebacteria with estimated development rates of 6? (c-mycinhibitor.com)

Corynebacterium glutamicum , which is used in industrial amino acid production at a million-ton scale, has been engineered towards utilization of alternative carbon sources. (springeropen.com)
Utilization of the hexuronic acids D-galacturonic acid (abundant in pectin-rich waste streams such as peels and pulps) and D-glucuronic acid (a component of the side-chains of plant xylans) for growth and production with C. glutamicum has not yet been studied. (springeropen.com)

A non-pathogenic species of coryneform bacteria, Corynebacterium glutamicum, was originally isolated as an L-glutamate producing bacterium and is now used for fermentative production of various amino acids. (biomedcentral.com)
Glutamate-producing bacterium. (up.ac.za)
C. glutamicum as an amino acid producer Corynebacterium glutamicum is really a Gram-positive, aerobic, rod shaped, and non-sporulating soil bacterium. (c-mycinhibitor.com)

Like the homologue OdhI from Corynebacterium glutamicum, the unphosphorylated form of GarA is shown to inhibit alpha-ketoglutarate decarboxylase in the TCA cycle. (pasteur.fr)
In the first part of this doctoral thesis the transcriptional regulation of the odhI gene (cg1630)of Corynebacterium glutamicum was analyzed. (fz-juelich.de)
Phosphorylation of OdhI by serine/threonine protein kinases abolishes this effect.Inhibition of ODHC activity by OdhI was shown to be crucial for overproduction and secretionof L-glutamate, which is used as a flavour enhancer. (fz-juelich.de)
Thus, there is currently noevidence for transcriptional regulation of odhI.The second part of this thesis addresses the regulation of cytokinesis in C. glutamicum. (fz-juelich.de)

Moreover, sodium in monosodium glutamate may activate glutamate to produce a stronger umami taste. (wikipedia.org)

Corynebacterium glutamicum that expresses exogenous GAD gene, gadB2 or gadB1 , can synthesize GABA from its own produced Glu. (springeropen.com)
Finally, gadB2 and mutant gadB1 were co-expressed under the optimal promoter and RBS combination, thus converted Glu into GABA completely and improved GABA production to more than 25 g/L. This study provides useful promoters and RBS sequences for gene expression in C. glutamicum . (springeropen.com)
A mutation in the C. glutamicum ltsA gene caused susceptibility to lysozyme, temperature-sensitive growth, and L-glutamate production. (biomedcentral.com)
Disruption of the ltsA gene caused temperature-sensitive growth, susceptibility to lysozyme, and induced hyperproduction of L-glutamate at elevated growth temperatures. (biomedcentral.com)
To study the ltsA gene function in C. glutamicum, we have screened lysozyme-sensitive mutants of C. glutamicum whose sensitivities were complemented by ltsA gene and examined L-glutamate production by these mutants. (biomedcentral.com)
CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) technology was applied to repress the competing pathways ( pgi , pck , and pykgenes) in C. glutamicum, resulting in titer enhancement ratios of l-lysine and l-glutamate production comparable to levels achieved by gene deletion. (pharmiweb.com)
An expression module based on a phenylalanine ammonia lyase-encoding gene from Streptomyces maritimus (SmPAL), which mediates the conversion of l -Phe into t -CA, was constructed in C. glutamicum . (biomedcentral.com)
Using the strong promoter P H36 and ribosome binding site (RBS) (in front of gene 10 of the T7 phage), and a high-copy number plasmid, SmPAL could be expressed to levels as high as 39.1% of the total proteins in C. glutamicum . (biomedcentral.com)
Corynebacterium glutamicum wild type lacks the ability to utilize the pentose fractions of lignocellulosic hydrolysates, but it is known that recombinants expressing the araBAD operon and/or the xylA gene from Escherichia coli are able to grow with the pentoses xylose and arabinose as sole carbon sources. (niist.res.in)
In this study, the so far uncharacterized Cg1631 protein wasdiscovered to be a transcriptional regulator of the ftsZ gene in C. glutamicum encoding the keyplayer of bacterial cell division. (fz-juelich.de)

Corynebacterium glutamicum is a Gram-positive and generally regarded as safe (GRAS) microorganism with less endotoxicity. (frontiersin.org)
Corynebacterium glutamicum is a traditional food-grade industrial microorganism, in which an efficient endotoxin-free recombinant protein expression factory is under development in recent years. (pharmiweb.com)
Since its discovery, C. glutamicum has become an indispensable microorganism for the biotechnological industry [ 9 ]. (springeropen.com)

Regulation of glutamate metabolism by protein kinases in mycobacteria. (pasteur.fr)
Protein kinase G of Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been implicated in virulence and in regulation of glutamate metabolism. (pasteur.fr)
Osynthesis, the involved enzymes and its regulation in C. glutamicum, since you will discover some exciting differences in comparison to other organisms. (c-mycinhibitor.com)

The RS_01910, RS_01915, RS_15995, and RS_16000 are not present in the type strain C. glutamicum ATCC 13032. (frontiersin.org)
The research on transcription factors in C. glutamicum was mainly focused on the type strain C. glutamicum ATCC 13032. (frontiersin.org)
By type, the global corynebacterium glutamicum technology market is segmented into S strain and R strain. (pharmiweb.com)
The strain can grow and produce glutamate at temperatures above up to 45oC in contrast to C. glutamicum that is only efficient at around 30oC. (up.ac.za)
The overexpression of a mutated ATP (adenosine triphosphate) phosphoribosyltransferase which is not inhibited by histidine analogues resulted inside a C. glutamicum strain accumulating up to 23 g l-1 histidine (Mizukami et al. (c-mycinhibitor.com)
Enzymes involved in histidine biosynthesis Histidine biosynthesis genes in C. glutamicum Corynebacterium glutamicum strain AS019, a derivative of C. glutamicum AT. (c-mycinhibitor.com)

Manufactured monosodium glutamate consists to over 99.6% of the naturally predominant L-glutamate form, which is a higher proportion of L-glutamate than can be found in the free glutamate ions of fermented naturally occurring foods. (wikipedia.org)
Fermented products such as soy sauce, steak sauce, and Worcestershire sauce have levels of glutamate similar to those in foods with added monosodium glutamate. (wikipedia.org)
They are dominantly attributed as flavor-enhancing compounds, especially, monosodium L-glutamate (MSG) which is widely used as a food ingredient and authorized to be a food additive. (tci-thaijo.org)
Tushar KB, Sanjit KK, Prem KY, Prithwiraj M, Shankar Y, Bishal J. Effects of monosodium glutamate on human health: a systematic review. (tci-thaijo.org)
Monograph monosodium L-glutamate - FAO. (tci-thaijo.org)
Monosodium glutamate: a safety assessment, Technical report series no. 20. (tci-thaijo.org)
Monosodium glutamate [online]. (tci-thaijo.org)
ผงชูรส (Monosodium glutamate). (tci-thaijo.org)
Kenji T, Miki T, Yuki I, Akiko S, Shigeru Y. A possible application of monosodium glutamate to nutritional care for elderly people. (tci-thaijo.org)

Corynebacterium glutamicum is generally regarded as safe and is widely used for the industrial production of Glu, l -lysine (Lys) and other amino acids (Leuchtenberger et al. (springeropen.com)

Among them, two mutants showed temperature-sensitive growth and overproduced L-glutamate at higher temperatures, as well as the previously reported ltsA mutant. (biomedcentral.com)
The two temperature-resistant mutants seem to carry suppressor mutations that rendered cells temperature-resistance and abolished L-glutamate overproduction. (biomedcentral.com)
C. glutamicum lysozyme-sensitive mutants were isolated after N -methyl- N '-nitro- N -nitrosoguanidine (NTG) mutagenesis by a research group of Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). (biomedcentral.com)
Corynebacterium glutamicum mutants resistant to histidine analogues were reported to secrete 6? (c-mycinhibitor.com)

Heterologous expression of the genes for both uptake and catabolism of D-galacturonic acid and D-glucuronic acid was required to enable growth of C. glutamicum with either aldohexuronic acid as the sole carbon source. (springeropen.com)

It is actually a member with the genus Corynebacterium, family Corynebacteriaceae, order Corynebacteriales (also containing Mycobacterium spp. (c-mycinhibitor.com)

Ten peaks were obtained in the C. glutamicum ATCC 14067 genome including two new peaks related to three operons (RS_01910-RS_01915, RS_15995, and RS_16000). (frontiersin.org)
Neither aldohexuronic acid supported growth of C. glutamicum as sole or combined carbon source, although its genome encodes a putative uronate isomerase sharing 28% identical amino acids with UxaC from Escherichia coli . (springeropen.com)

In the genus Corynebacterium , AmtR is a key component of the nitrogen regulatory system, and it belongs to the TetR family of transcription regulators. (frontiersin.org)

Accelerated pentose apex legends no recoil download free modern warfare 2 useful scripts Corynebacterium glutamicum for accelerated production of lysine, glutamate, ornithine and putrescine. (trend-door.com)

Corynebacterium glutamicum is the most important industrial organism for amino acid production. (pharmiweb.com)
Corynebacterium glutamicum is known for its role in the industrial production of L-glutamate and L-lysine and as a platform organism for the production of a variety of fine chemicals, biofuels and polymers. (pharmiweb.com)
[14] Chemical synthesis was supplanted by the aerobic fermentation of sugars and ammonia in the 1950s, with the organism Corynebacterium glutamicum (also known as Brevibacterium flavum ) being the most widely used for production. (explained.today)

In this study, we engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum as a whole-cell catalyst for the bioconversion of l -phenylalanine ( l -Phe) into t -CA and developed a repeated bioconversion process. (biomedcentral.com)
We developed a highly efficient bioconversion process using C. glutamicum as a biocatalyst and a micromembrane-based cell recycling system. (biomedcentral.com)

For example, aph promoter combined with different RBS sequences were used for expression of reporter proteins in C. glutamicum (Zhang et al. (springeropen.com)

Therefore, optimization of promoters and RBS sequences has been applied for protein expression in C. glutamicum . (springeropen.com)
The flavoring effect of glutamate comes from its free form, in which it is not bound to other amino acids in protein. (wikipedia.org)
The savory flavor of tomatoes, fermented soy products, yeast extracts, certain sharp cheeses, and fermented or hydrolyzed protein products (such as soy sauce and fermented bean paste) is partially due to the presence of free glutamate ions. (wikipedia.org)
Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis and sfGFP (superfolder green fluorescent protein) analysis reveal that AmtR directly and negatively regulates the transcription and expression of crn A, cre T, csh A, and hyu B. A growth test shows that C. glutamicum ATCC 14067 can use creatine or creatinine as a sole nitrogen source. (frontiersin.org)
[1] the ionic form is known as glutamate ) is an α- amino acid that is used by almost all living beings in the biosynthesis of protein s. (explained.today)

It is currently used commercially to produce glutamate and other amino acids and compounds. (up.ac.za)

Only the glutamate ion is responsible for the umami flavor, so the effect does not depend significantly on the starting compound. (wikipedia.org)
Nonetheless, glutamate by itself does not elicit an intense umami taste. (wikipedia.org)
Only a fraction of the glutamate in foods is in its "free" form, and only free glutamate produces an umami flavor in foods. (wikipedia.org)
[3] This anion creates the savory umami flavor of foods and is found in glutamate flavoring s such as MSG . (explained.today)

Previous reports of a defect in glutamate metabolism caused by pknG deletion may thus be explained by the effect of unphosphorylated GarA on these two enzyme activities, which may also contribute to the attenuation of virulence. (pasteur.fr)

To enhance GABA production in C. glutamicum , ribosomal binding site (RBS) sequence and promoter were searched and optimized for increasing the expression efficiency of gadB2 . (springeropen.com)
One of the non-pathogenic species of coryneform bacteria, Corynebacterium glutamicum, is now used for industrial production of amino acids. (biomedcentral.com)
Recently, efforts with C. glutamicum have shifted from optimizing production processes to also include access to alternative carbon sources. (springeropen.com)
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on t -CA production in C. glutamicum , and this robust platform will contribute to the development of an industrially relevant platform for the production of t -CA using microorganisms. (biomedcentral.com)
Chiaki S. History of glutamate production. (tci-thaijo.org)

T1R1 and T1R3 respond primarily to mixtures of glutamate and nucleotides. (wikipedia.org)

The form is more widely occurring in nature, but the form occurs in some special contexts, such as the bacterial capsule and cell wall s of the bacteria (which produce it from the form with the enzyme glutamate racemase ) and the liver of mammals. (explained.today)

C. glutamicum shows high tolerance against lysis by lytic enzymes such as egg white lysozyme that catalyzes hydrolysis of β-1,4 glycoside bond between N -acetylglucosamine and N -acetymuramic acid of peptidoglycan. (biomedcentral.com)

In summary, FtsR was identified as the firsttranscriptional regulator of ftsZ in C. glutamicum. (fz-juelich.de)

All these new inventions can boost the global corynebacterium glutamicum technology market. (pharmiweb.com)

Finally, a recycling system was developed by coupling membrane filtration with the bioreactor, and the engineered C. glutamicum successfully produced 13.7 mM of t -CA (24.3 g) from 18.2 mM of l -Phe (36 g) and thus with a yield of 75% (0.75 mol/mol) through repetitive supplementation. (biomedcentral.com)

Natural glutamate content of fresh food. (tci-thaijo.org)

While research has shown that this synergism occurs in some animal species with other amino acids, studies of human taste receptors show that the same reaction only occurs between glutamate and the selected nucleotides. (wikipedia.org)

Since these treatments correlate with alterations in cell surface structure, it had been thought until the 1980s that glutamate leaks passively through a membrane. (biomedcentral.com)

Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) converts l -glutamate (Glu) into γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). (springeropen.com)
At even higher pH, the other carboxylic acid group loses its proton and the acid exists almost entirely as the glutamate anion − OOC−CH− 2 −COO − , with a single negative charge overall. (explained.today)

the second posits that the taste is transduced by a metabotropic type glutamate receptor (taste-mGluR4). (wikipedia.org)

In this study, chromatin immunoprecipitation and massively parallel DNA sequencing (ChIP-seq) was performed to identify the AmtR regulon in C. glutamicum ATCC 14067. (frontiersin.org)

At present, the mechanism of L-glutamate excretion of C. glutamicum is remained to be elucidated. (biomedcentral.com)

The metabotropic glutamate receptors such as mGluR4 and mGluR1 can be easily activated at glutamate concentration levels found in food. (wikipedia.org)

Cecile L, Luc C. Glutamate: a safe nutrient, not just a simple additive. (tci-thaijo.org)

Further research into the compound has found that only the L-glutamate enantiomer has flavor-enhancing properties. (wikipedia.org)
Additionally GarA is found to bind and modulate the activity of a large NAD(+)-specific glutamate dehydrogenase with an unusually low affinity for glutamate. (pasteur.fr)

Anatomy1

Organisms9

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs42

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment9

Phenomena and Processes19

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture4

Information Science3

Strains8

Glutamic acid10

Metabolic4

Tons of L-lysine2

Utilization2

Bacterium3

OdhI4

Sodium1

Gene10

Microorganism3

Regulation3

Strain6

Monosodium9

Generally regarded as safe1

Mutants4

Genes1

Corynebacteriaceae1

Genome2

Genus1

Ornithine1

Organism3

Bioconversion2

Proteins1

Protein5

Compounds1

Umami4

Metabolism1

Production5

Mixtures1

Widely1

Enzymes1

Regulator1

Boost1

Successfully1

Content1

Species1

Membrane1

Acid2

Type1

Study1

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Food1

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Found2