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Alanine TransaminaseAspartate AminotransferasesAlanineGlutamatesLiver4-Aminobutyrate TransaminaseTransaminasesDrug-Induced Liver InjuryReceptors, GlutamateGlutamic AcidLiver Function TestsGlutamate DehydrogenaseLiver DiseasesD-Alanine TransaminaseCarbon TetrachlorideReceptors, Metabotropic Glutamategamma-GlutamyltransferaseProtective AgentsBilirubinPlant ExtractsAcetaminophenGalactosamineLiver CirrhosisRats, WistarAlkaline PhosphatasePhytotherapyLiver Cirrhosis, ExperimentalRats, Sprague-DawleyFatty LiverL-Lactate DehydrogenaseBiological MarkersAlanine RacemaseSodium GlutamateReperfusion InjuryHepatitis B, ChronicAnalgesics, Non-NarcoticAmino Acid Transport System X-AGGlutamate SynthaseLipid PeroxidationGlutamate Plasma Membrane Transport ProteinsThiobarbituric Acid Reactive SubstancesReceptor, Metabotropic Glutamate 5Hepatitis C, ChronicAntioxidantsNecrosisAspartic AcidGlutamineTyrosine TransaminaseDisease Models, AnimalTime FactorsAntiviral AgentsVesicular Glutamate Transport ProteinsAmino AcidsHepatitis CAminooxyacetic AcidExcitatory Amino Acid AntagonistsInterferon-alphaKetoglutaric AcidsExcitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2Alanine DehydrogenaseOrnithine-Oxo-Acid TransaminaseVesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 2Treatment OutcomeHepacivirusAminobutyratesVesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 1Receptors, AMPAExcitatory Amino Acid AgonistsGlutamate DecarboxylaseMice, Inbred C57BLVigabatrinReceptors, N-Methyl-D-AspartateMolecular Sequence DataKineticsAmino Acid SequenceExcitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1gamma-Aminobutyric AcidPredictive Value of TestsPyridoxal PhosphateExcitatory Amino Acid Transporter 3Receptors, Ionotropic GlutamateKainic Acidbeta-Alanine-Pyruvate TransaminaseRetrospective StudiesNeuronsGlutamate Dehydrogenase (NADP+)Mutagenesis, Site-DirectedTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaAspartate Aminotransferase, CytoplasmicSynaptic TransmissionIsoleucineMutationProspective StudiesN-MethylaspartateHippocampusReceptors, Kainic AcidAmmoniaalpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic AcidDose-Response Relationship, DrugCycloleucine

SGPTDehydrogenaseAspartate aminotransferaseSGOTSerum glutamatePyruvate and D-glutamateTransaminationBiosynthesisAminotransferase activityBranched chainAlpha-ketoglutarateMetabolismAmino acidsReactionSynthaseTransferasesHepaticGlucoseEnzyme that catalyzesDerivativesCatalyzesGluconeogenesisLiver injuryVersusElevationLevelsSynthesisPrimarilyDonorCofactorBloodNormalFamilyDamageFormNames

SGPT5

• It was originally referred to as serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT). (medscape.com)
• Alanine transaminase (ALT), which may be referred to in other literature as alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) or serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), is found in blood and many tissues. (yemialadeworld.com)
• Alanine aminotransferase used to be called serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT). (yemialadeworld.com)
• Rats orally administered pulegone once or once daily for five or six days showed a reduction in hepatic cytochrome P-450 and an increase in serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT). (nih.gov)
• to an elevation of SGPT or alanine transferase (ALT) 24 hours after dosing. (nih.gov)

Dehydrogenase6

• The triglyceride levels and glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) activity were significantly elevated to similar degrees at both time points. (iiarjournals.org)
• In contrast, protein expression of alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, glutamate dehydrogenase, and two glutamate transporters was not affected by COM. (uky.edu)
• The results exhibited an increase in serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate transaminase (AST), and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels compared to control groups. (iisc.ac.in)
• Ammonia incorporation in animals occurs through the actions of glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthase. (tdmuv.com)
• A pair of principal enzymes, glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthatase, are found in all organisms and effect the conversion of ammonia into the amino acids glutamate and glutamine, respectively. (tdmuv.com)
• use ACYLTRANSFERASES 1973-1979, use COENZYME A & PHOSPHOLIPIDS 1973-1978 MH - 1-Pyrroline-5-Carboxylate Dehydrogenase UI - D050842 MN - D8.811.682.662.693 MS - An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate to L-GLUTAMATE in the presence of NAD. (nih.gov)

Aspartate aminotransferase5

• Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) â ¤ 2.5xULN 6. (keckmedicine.org)
• Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), formerly termed glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), formerly termed glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), are the two aminotransferases of greatest clinical significance. (yemialadeworld.com)
• Description: Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), also called serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), is a member of transferase family. (davefenwick.com)
• Serum aminotransferases such as aspartate aminotransferase, AST and alanine transaminase, ALT have been used as clinical markers of tissue damage, with increasing serum levels indicating an increased extent of damage. (tdmuv.com)
• Serum triglyceride (TG), total-cholesterol (T-cho), glucose (Glu), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), geranylgeranyltransferase (GGT) and albumin (Alb) levels were measured. (spandidos-publications.com)

SGOT1

• AST formerly was called serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT). (medscape.com)

Serum glutamate1

• Description: Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), also called serum glutamate pyruvic transaminase (GPT), is a member of transferase family. (davefenwick.com)

Pyruvate and D-glutamate2

• In enzymology, a D-amino-acid transaminase (EC 2.6.1.21) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction: D-alanine + 2-oxoglutarate ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } pyruvate + D-glutamate Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are D-alanine and 2-oxoglutarate, whereas its two products are pyruvate and D-glutamate. (wikipedia.org)
• A PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE containing enzyme that catalyzes the reversible transfer of an amino group between D-Alanine and alpha-ketoglutarate to form PYRUVATE and D-GLUTAMATE, respectively. (bvsalud.org)

Transamination3

• Secretion of glucagon is stimulated by: Epinephrine (via β2, α2, and α1 adrenergic receptors) Alanine (often from muscle-derived pyruvate/glutamate transamination (see alanine transaminase reaction). (kembrel.com)
• The most common compounds involved as a donor/acceptor pair in transamination reactions are glutamate and α-KG, which participate in reactions with many different aminotransferases. (tdmuv.com)
• Glucose oxidation produces pyruvate which can undergo transamination to alanine. (tdmuv.com)

Biosynthesis3

• This enzyme participates in 6 metabolic pathways: lysine degradation, arginine and proline metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, D-arginine and D-ornithine metabolism, D-alanine metabolism, and peptidoglycan biosynthesis. (wikipedia.org)
• This general designation covers both 2.6.1.76 (diaminobutyrate-2-oxoglutarate transaminase, which uses glutamate as the amino donor in DABA biosynthesis), and 2.6.1.46 (diaminobutyrate--pyruvate transaminase, which uses alanine as the amino donor). (nih.gov)
• Biochemical and molecular characterization of the biosynthesis of glutamine and glutamate, two major compatible solutes in the moderately halophilic bacterium Halobacillus halophilus. (harvard.edu)

Aminotransferase activity2

• Indices of liver injury included histopathology and serum alanine aminotransferase activity. (nih.gov)
• Alanine aminotransferase activity in the blood indicates that liver cells have been damaged to the extent that their membranes leak ALT into the blood circulation. (yemialadeworld.com)

Branched chain1

• Alanine can be biosynthesized from pyruvate and branched chain amino acids such as valine, leucine, and isoleucine. (ymdb.ca)

Alpha-ketoglutarate1

• An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of 2 molecules of glutamate from glutamine plus alpha-ketoglutarate in the presence of NADPH. (harvard.edu)

Metabolism1

• These findings suggest that, in absence of ad hoc activity-related constraints on neuronal and astrocytic metabolism, the glutamate-glutamine cycle does not control the relative energy demand of neurons and astrocytes, and hence their glucose uptake and lactate exchange. (biomedcentral.com)

Amino acids1

• Amino acid profile in autistic children showed statistically significant lower levels of aspartic acid, glycine, β-alanine, tryptophan, lysine and proline amino acids with significantly higher asparagine amino acid derivative levels among autistic patients versus the control group (p˂0.05). (dovepress.com)

Reaction3

• This reaction is catalyzed by alanine transaminase, ALT. (tdmuv.com)
• Alanine and derivatives are compounds containing alanine or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of alanine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom. (ymdb.ca)
• We conducted Western blotting, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-triphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays, liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) analysis, alanine transaminase (ALT) activity, histopathological analysis, and rotarod test. (nih.gov)

Synthase4

• Glutamate Synthase" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (harvard.edu)
• This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Glutamate Synthase" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, and whether "Glutamate Synthase" was a major or minor topic of these publication. (harvard.edu)
• Below are the most recent publications written about "Glutamate Synthase" by people in Profiles. (harvard.edu)
• Isolation of a glutamate synthase (GOGAT)-negative, pleiotropically N utilization-defective mutant of Azospirillum brasilense: cloning and partial characterization of GOGAT structural gene. (harvard.edu)

Transferases1

• This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically the transaminases, which transfer nitrogenous groups. (wikipedia.org)

Hepatic1

• Elevated levels of the transaminases can indicate myocardial infarction, hepatic disease, muscular dystrophy, or organ damage. (cdc.gov)

Glucose4

• We find that the velocity of the glutamate-glutamine cycle ( V cyc ) explains part of the uncoupling between glucose and oxygen utilization at increasing V cyc levels. (biomedcentral.com)
• This process is referred to as the glucose-alanine cycle. (tdmuv.com)
• The glucose-alanine cycle is used primarily as a mechanism for skeletal muscle to eliminate nitrogen while replenishing its energy supply. (tdmuv.com)
• It also arises together with lactate and generates glucose from protein degradation via the alanine cycle. (ymdb.ca)

Enzyme that catalyzes1

• HN - 2006(1981) MH - 2-Aminoadipate Transaminase UI - D051307 MN - D8.811.913.477.700.120 MS - A PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE containing enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of amino group of L-2-aminoadipate onto 2-OXOGLUTARATE to generate 2-oxoadipate and L-GLUTAMATE. (nih.gov)

Derivatives1

• belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alanine and derivatives. (ymdb.ca)

Catalyzes1

• Aspartate transaminase catalyzes the interconversion of aspartate and α-ketoglutarate to glutamate. (medscape.com)

Gluconeogenesis2

• Cancer cells have been found to release alanine which is used for gluconeogenesis. (phoenixrising.me)
• Alanine is tightly coupled to metabolic pathways such as glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and the citric acid cycle. (ymdb.ca)

Liver injury6

• Acetaminophen-induced liver injury is attenuated in male glutamate-cysteine ligase transgenic mice. (nih.gov)
• We have generated C57Bl/6 mice that conditionally overexpress glutamate-cysteine ligase, and report here their resistance to acetaminophen-induced liver injury. (nih.gov)
• Male transgenic mice induced to overexpress glutamate-cysteine ligase exhibited resistance to acetaminophen-induced liver injury when compared with acetaminophen-treated male mice carrying, but not expressing glutamate-cysteine ligase transgenes, or to female glutamate-cysteine ligase transgenic mice. (nih.gov)
• We conclude that glutamate-cysteine ligase activity is an important factor in determining acetaminophen-induced liver injury in C57Bl/6 male mice. (nih.gov)
• Because people are known to vary in their glutamate-cysteine ligase activity, this enzyme may also be an important determinant of sensitivity to acetaminophen-induced liver injury in humans. (nih.gov)
• Receiver operator characteristic curve analysis and positive/negative predictive values were used to compare sensitivity to report liver injury versus alanine transaminase (ALT) and International Normalized Ratio (INR). (nih.gov)

Versus1

• Comparison of hepatitis C virus testing strategies: birth cohort versus elevated alanine aminotransferase levels. (medscape.com)

Elevation1

• The studies reported an elevation in brain glutamate concentrations indicating brain tissue damage. (iisc.ac.in)

Levels1

• 3) alanine- Low levels of alanine have been found in cfs. (phoenixrising.me)

Synthesis1

• Glutamate-cysteine ligase carries out the rate-limiting and first step in glutathione synthesis. (nih.gov)

Primarily1

• Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is an enzyme found primarily in the liver and kidney . (medscape.com)

Donor1

• Glutamate plays the central role in mammalian nitrogen flow, serving as both a nitrogen donor and nitrogen acceptor. (tdmuv.com)

Cofactor1

• As a prototypical transaminase, AST relies on PLP (Vitamin B6) as a cofactor to transfer the amino group from aspartate or glutamate to the corresponding ketoacid. (yemialadeworld.com)

Blood1

• The alanine transaminase (ALT) blood test measures the level of the enzyme ALT in the blood. (medlineplus.gov)

Normal1

• What is a normal alanine aminotransferase level? (yemialadeworld.com)

Family1

• This family consists of L-diaminobutyric acid transaminases. (nih.gov)

Damage1

• Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is usually measured concurrently with AST as part of a liver function panel to determine the source of organ damage. (medscape.com)

Form1

• Alanine transaminase has an important function in the delivery of skeletal muscle carbon and nitrogen (in the form of alanine) to the liver. (tdmuv.com)

Names1

• Other names in common use include D-aspartate transaminase, D-alanine aminotransferase, D-aspartic aminotransferase, D-alanine-D-glutamate transaminase, D-alanine transaminase, and D-amino acid aminotransferase. (wikipedia.org)