• Is there an energetic benefit of Glucose over Mannose? (flashcardmachine.com)
  • They were composed of glucose and mannose and 10 different amino acids and with molecular weights of 18,000 and 8000 Da, respectively. (scirp.org)
  • The sugar portion of the glycopeptides was composed primarily of glucose (Glc) and mannose (Man) with the molar ratio of 9:1. (scirp.org)
  • A cooperative and competitive interaction between multiple enzymes, cell lines, and cell culture conditions causes processing of the oligosaccharide structure during which some of the already attached moieties like mannose are trimmed to yield a fiveâ residue core (Man3GlcNAc2), to which N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), fucose, galactose, and N-acetylneuraminic acid (sialic acid or Neu5Ac) residues get added in a probabilistic fashion. (chromatographyonline.com)
  • This study showed a simultaneous and rate-coordinated conversion of lignocellulose derived glucose, xylose, arabinose, mannose, and galactose into D-lactic acid by adaptively evolved Pediococcus acidilactici ZY271 by simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SSCF) of wheat straw. (lu.se)
  • Glucomannan is a high molecular polysaccharide ​ with its structure as residues of mannose and glucose, having a molecular weight of 200,000 to 2,000,000 Daltons, swelling by absorbing hundreds times of its weight of water. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
  • PNGase F cleaves between the innermost GlcNAc and asparagine residues of high mannose, hybrid and complex oligosaccharides from N -linked glycoproteins (5), as shown in Figure 2. (neb.com)
  • Other commonly used endoglycosidases such as Endoglycosidase H ( NEB #P0702 ) are not suitable for general deglycosylation of N -linked sugars, because it only deglycosylates glycoproteins containing primarily high mannose N -linked structures, as well as leaving one N -acetylglucosamine residue attached to the asparagine. (neb.com)
  • The polysaccharide from this species of mushroom contains mainly mannose, glucose, glucuronic acid and xylose but no sulfate esters. (nih.gov)
  • STKs catalyze the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to serine/threonine residues on protein substrates. (nih.gov)
  • O -linked glycans are most commonly attached to serine or threonine residues through the N -Acetylgalactosamine residue. (neb.com)
  • N-linked glycosylation occurs through the asparagine residues of the protein, while O-linked glycosylation occurs through serine or threonine. (neb.com)
  • In this study, the focus was on PKC, which belongs to the family of protein kinase enzymes which phosphorylate serine/threonine residues. (iomcworld.com)
  • serine residues and impairing insulin PI3K/Akt signaling, leading to decreased glucose uptake by adipocytes. (bioinf.org)
  • A pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isozyme located in the mitochondria which converts PYRUVATE to ACETYL CoA in the CITRIC ACID CYCLE, phosphorylates SERINE residues on pyruvate dehydrogenase using ATP, and plays a key role in the regulation of GLUCOSE and fatty acid metabolism. (bvsalud.org)
  • and lactase splits lactose into glucose and galactose. (medscape.com)
  • Subsequent entry of the final monosaccharides (glucose, galactose, fructose) into the enterocytes through the brush border occurs via carrier molecules. (medscape.com)
  • Glucose and galactose share the same carrier, SGLT-1, which transports one molecule of the monosaccharide and one molecule of sodium (Na) in a secondarily active transport, energized by Na-activated and potassium (k)-activated adenosine triphosphatase (NaK ATPase). (medscape.com)
  • UDP-Galactose-4-epimerase converts UDP-galactose back to UDP-glucose. (flashcardmachine.com)
  • It is a metalloenzyme that splits lactose into glucose and galactose. (novusbio.com)
  • It hydrolyzes terminal, non-reducing beta-D-galactose residues in beta-D-galactosides. (novusbio.com)
  • A method to demonstrate that ISO/DIS 22184 determination of sugars (galactose, glucose, fructose, sucrose, lactose, and maltose) in dairy products can be executed with a Thermo Scientific Dionex CarboPac PA1-2mm column using a Thermo Scientific Dionex ICS-5000+ HPIC system. (thermofisher.com)
  • GOS are primarily composed of galactose and often terminate with a glucose residue at the reducing end. (thermofisher.com)
  • alkaline extraction yielded a high abundance of xylose residues, whereas the three enzymatic methods demonstrated elevated galactose components. (bvsalud.org)
  • DIM decreased STZ-increased high blood glucose levels and food and water intake in diabetic mice. (researchgate.net)
  • Glycogen breakdown is highly regulated in the body, especially in the liver , by various hormones including insulin and glucagon , to maintain a homeostatic balance of blood-glucose levels. (wikidoc.org)
  • Elevated blood glucose levels via a signaling cascade cause the activation of PKC leading to hyperalgesia and allodynia (through rho kinase activation). (iomcworld.com)
  • Production of glycolipid biosurfactants, mannosylerythritol lipids, from pentoses and d-glucose/d-xylose mixtures by Pseudozyma yeast strains. (scielo.br)
  • A number of recent studies have been focused on the genetic engineering of S. cerevisiae , aimed at making it able to produce ethanol from glucose and xylose. (scielo.br)
  • Nevertheless, the yield achieved resembles the xylose-fermenting species, the xylose utilization is slow and occurs only after glucose exhaustion. (scielo.br)
  • The initiating reaction is the nonenzymatic addition of sugars such as glucose to the primary amino groups of proteins, i.e., mainly to lysine residues. (iospress.com)
  • The method consists in heating a test portion with ethanolic potassium hydroxide solution until the meat components are totally dissolved, decanting, washing of the remaining residue with hot ethanol, filtering, dissolving in hydrochloric acid, and hydrolysis, followed by titrimetric determination of the glucose formed. (iso.org)
  • Open up in another window Fig.?1 Buildings of ginsenoside chemical order MK-8776 substance and Rb1 K. Ginsenoside CK is normally produced from ginsenoside Rb1 through the elimination of the C-20 and two C-3 glucose chains pursuing hydrolysis by intestinal bacterias after dental administration. (bioinf.org)
  • At the molecular level, it was found that replacement of glucose by starch has enhanced the relative expression level of ccpA encoding catabolite control protein A. Therefore, the repression of starch utilization by glucose could be probably relieved. (hindawi.com)
  • In E. coli , Glucose transfer is performed by 4-alpha-glucanotransferase, a 78.5 kDa protein coded for by the gene malQ. (wikidoc.org)
  • [9] A second protein, referred to as debranching enzyme, performs α-1,6-glucose cleavage. (wikidoc.org)
  • N -linked glycosylation occurs when glycans are attached to asparagine residues on the protein. (neb.com)
  • Additionally, PYRs exposure significantly increased fasting plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and HOMA2-IR levels, while they had inconsistent effects on fasting insulin and HOMA2-β levels. (springer.com)
  • Previous studies have found that DIM can improve type 2 diabetes by enhancing glucose uptake through the activation of insulin signaling in 3T3-L1 cells, and by lowering the plasma glucose levels in high-fat-diet-fed obese mice [13, 14]. (researchgate.net)
  • As plasma glucose concentration increases, there is concordant increase in the filtered load of glucose. (medscape.com)
  • Bioethanol or first generation ethanol in Brazil is obtained by fermenting glucose from sugar cane juice and molasses (a residue from sugar making) using Saccharomyces cerevisiae . (scielo.br)
  • This study analyzes the potential use of immobilized and coinmobilized systems on beads of calcium alginate for ethanol production used mango waste (Mangifera indica) by Zymomonas mobilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae compared with free cells culture and evaluate the effect of glucose concentration on productivity in coimmobilized system using a Chemostat reactor Ommi Culture Plus. (intechopen.com)
  • The addition of a precursor 13-residue oligosaccharide moiety GlcNAc2Man8Gluc3 to the nascent polypeptide chain occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum, following which the assembly folds and acquires its secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure. (chromatographyonline.com)
  • HbA1c refers to glucose modified hemoglobin A (HbA) specifically at N-terminal valine residues of hemoglobin beta chains. (ga.com)
  • The product contains only natural anhedral microcrystals, of irregular shape, not visible to the naked eye, which are surrounded by residues of molasses and other constituents of sugar cane. (who.int)
  • The compound increases insulin release selectively at high glucose concentrations and is therefore of interest in type 2 diabetes. (researchgate.net)
  • Our study aims to investigate the relationship between six PYRs and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) as well as type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and further explore the role of inflammatory indicators in their relationship. (springer.com)
  • We know blood glucose meters are pretty necessary for managing Type 2 diabetes. (accu-chek.com)
  • Phosphorylase can only cleave α-1,4- glycosidic bond between adjacent glucose molecules in glycogen but branches exist as α-1,6 linkages. (wikidoc.org)
  • GSD type Id is deficiency in a transporter that translocates free glucose molecules from microsomes into the cytosol. (medscape.com)
  • In the enzyme, zinc is coordinated by four Cys residues. (researchgate.net)
  • 3)-endoglucanase and the reducing ends of the enzyme-resistant glucose chain stubs were labeled by reduction with borotritide. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • A debranching enzyme is a molecule that helps facilitate the breakdown of glycogen , which serves as a store of glucose in the body, through glucosyltransferase and glucosidase activity. (wikidoc.org)
  • The enzyme shows more affinity towards NADP + than glucose-6-phosphate. (scirp.org)
  • Keeping in view the clinical significance of the enzyme and less studied from plant sources the present study has been aimed with purification and characterization of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from pigeon pea seeds. (scirp.org)
  • 2015) Critical Roles for Two Hydrophobic Residues within Human Glucose Transporter 9 (hSLC2A9) Affecting Substrate Selectivity and the Energetics of Urate Transport J Biol Chem. (ualberta.ca)
  • DIM also enhanced glucose uptake by increasing expression of glucose transporter 4 in adipocytes. (researchgate.net)
  • This form of glucose transport is predominantly mediated by members of the GLUT transporter family. (medscape.com)
  • The glucuronic acid residues were essential for the anticoagulant action of the mushroom polysaccharide since the activity disappeared after reduction of its carboxyl groups. (nih.gov)
  • Reabsorption of glucose predominantly occurs on the brush border membrane of the convoluted segment of the proximal tubule. (medscape.com)
  • Other important regions of the N-terminal domain for catalysis includes an oxyanion hole (Trp-55, Leu-133), a lid region (residues 216-239), as well as a β5 loop (residues 54-64). (wikipedia.org)
  • The ApoC-II binding site is currently unknown, but it is predicted that residues on both N-and C-terminal domains are necessary for this interaction to occur. (wikipedia.org)
  • The mutant hexokinases bind both glucose 6-phosphate and glucose with high affinity to their N and C-terminal halves, and ADP, also with high affinity, to a site near the N terminus of the polypeptide chain. (rcsb.org)
  • Abdul-Ghani MA, Tripathy D, DeFronzo RA (2006) Contributions of beta-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance to the pathogenesis of impaired glucose tolerance and impaired fasting glucose. (springer.com)
  • This study aimed to determine whether I3C or DIM could increase glucose uptake via enhanced insulin sensitivity in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes, as well as the mechanism involved. (researchgate.net)
  • Conclusions Our findings suggest that DIM may improve insulin sensitivity through the activation of the insulin signaling pathway, leading to enhanced glucose uptake. (researchgate.net)
  • DIM, a major metabolite of indole-3-carbinol, which is naturally produced in broccoli and cabbage, enhances glucose uptake through the improvement of insulin sensitivity in 3T3-L1 cells [13] . (researchgate.net)
  • 3,3′-diindolylmethane (DIM)-a natural compound produced from indole-3-carbinol, found in cruciferous vegetables-enhances glucose uptake by increasing the activation of the insulin signaling pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. (researchgate.net)
  • Rb1 shows anti-obesity and antihyperlycemic effects by reducing food intake and body weight in rats [15] and enhancing insulin-mediated glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes [16], demonstrating its antidiabetic effect. (bioinf.org)
  • Similarly, ginsenoside CK also exerts beneficial effects on glucose and lipid rate of metabolism, as well as insulin level of sensitivity in diabetic rats [17]. (bioinf.org)
  • Zinc binding to the peptide replica and analogs to residues 93-115 of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) was examined by competition of the peptides and the chromophoric chelator 4-(2- pyridylazo)resorcinol for zinc and X-ray absorption fine structure analysis of the zinc ligands. (researchgate.net)
  • The pKa value was found to be 10.41 indicating that the amino acid residue at active site might be lysine. (scirp.org)
  • Affinity chromatography (2', 5'-ADP Sepharose 4B) first used by De Flora [20] is a common tech- nique for purification of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. (scirp.org)
  • Consequently the affinity of the transporters for glucose along the tubule increases to allow for complete reabsorption of glucose from the urine. (medscape.com)
  • Taken together, our data demonstrated that starch instead of glucose can promote colistin production probably by affecting the expression of colistin biosynthesis-related genes, as well as reducing the repression of glucose to a secondary metabolic product. (hindawi.com)
  • This work package relies on genetic screening for type 1 diabetes in early childhood and follow-up of risk subjects by measurements of islet autoantibodies and testing of glucose tolerance and metabolic control in autoantibody positive subjects. (lu.se)
  • The enormous volume of fruit and vegetable processing residues, such as orange peels and sugar beet pulp, represents an underutilized domestic resource of valuable health-promoting compounds. (usda.gov)
  • Renal glucosuria is the excretion of glucose in the urine in detectable amounts at normal blood glucose concentrations in the absence of any signs of generalized proximal renal tubular dysfunction. (medscape.com)
  • Objective Indole‐3‐carbinol (I3C), a naturally occurring compound found in cruciferous vegetables, and its metabolite 3,3′‐diindolylmethane (DIM) reduce body mass and serum glucose levels in high‐fat‐diet‐induced obese mice. (researchgate.net)
  • suggesting the immobilized and coimmobilized cultures compared with free cells offer an opportunity for the reuse of organic residues and high alcohol production. (intechopen.com)
  • Our technology makes optimal use of already available agricultural and forestry residues. (avantium.com)
  • The glucose transporters expressed in the renal proximal tubule ensure that less than 0.5 g/day (range 0.03-0.3 g/d) is excreted in the urine of healthy adults. (medscape.com)
  • More water than glucose is reabsorbed resulting in a decrease in the glucose concentration in the urine along the tubule. (medscape.com)
  • As the rate of glucose entering the nephron rises above 260-350mg/1.73m 2 /min (14.5-19.5mmol/1.73m 2 /min), the excess glucose exceeds the reabsorptive capacity of proximal tubule and is excreted in the urine (i.e. glucosuria). (medscape.com)
  • Renal glucosuria has also been reported in patients with acute pyelonephritis in the presence of anormal blood glucose level. (medscape.com)
  • Gluconeogenesis in the kidneys exceeds renal glucose consumption. (medscape.com)
  • In health individuals this equates to a blood glucose concentration of approximately 200mg/dL (11mmol/L), which is believed to be threshold for the appearance of glucosuria. (medscape.com)
  • Exposure of the monomer crystals to ADP in the complete absence of glucose 6-phosphate reveals a second binding site for adenine nucleotides at the putative active site (C-half), with conformational changes extending 15 A to the contact interface between the N and C-halves. (rcsb.org)
  • Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase has been purified from pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) seeds and subjected to characterization. (scirp.org)
  • It catalyzes the transformation of glucose-6-phosphate to 6-phosphogluconolactone concomitant with conversion of NADP to NADPH. (scirp.org)
  • Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency causes haemolytic anaemia in the presence of simple infection, ingestion of fava beans or reaction with certain medicines, antibiotics, antipyrectics and anti- malarial. (scirp.org)
  • [ 2 ] In 1978, Narisawa et al proposed that a transport defect of glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) into the microsomal compartment may be present in some patients with GSD type I. (medscape.com)
  • Alpha-Lactalbumin (La) Stimulates Milk Beta-1,4-Galactosyltransferase I (Beta 4Gal-T1) to Transfer Glucose from Udp-Glucose to N-Acetylglucosamine. (expasy.org)
  • In view of the evidence that the administration of thiabendazole to livestock or the feeding of livestock on treated commodities or food wastes containing thiabendazole residues produces no significant residues in milk, meat and edible offals a maximum residue limit at or about the limit of determination was recommended. (inchem.org)
  • 1992. Deltamethrin residues in milk and tissues of lactating dairy cows. (cdc.gov)
  • The removal of the sugar residues and inhibitor impurities in D-lactic acid production from lignocellulose strongly facilitated the D-lactide synthesis. (lu.se)
  • IRS proteins bind to the phosphorylated residues on the IR and subsequently recruit the regulatory subunit p85 of PI3K. (jci.org)
  • Amylo-α-1,6-glucosidase ( EC 3.2.1.33 ), or glucosidase , cleaves the remaining alpha-1,6 linkage, producing glucose and a linear chain of glycogen. (wikidoc.org)
  • 4-α-D-glucanotransferase ( EC 2.4.1.25 ), or glucosyltransferase , transfers three glucose residues from the four-residue glycogen branch to a nearby branch. (wikidoc.org)
  • Extensive studies from many trials in all of the above countries indicate that the residue from the pre-harvest application of thiabendazole seldom exceeds 0.1 mg/kg. (inchem.org)
  • Additionally, replacement of glucose by starch resulted in residue reducing sugar and pH of fermentation mixture low relative to glucose as the sole sugar source. (hindawi.com)
  • General physical examination and laboratory examinations (haematology, cholesterol, glucose, urea, alkaline phosphatase, thymol turbidity, bilirabin in serum and urinalysis) were carreid out before the test and after 4, 12 and 24 weeks. (inchem.org)
  • An ADI was allocated in 1970 and maximum residue limits have been proposed for apples, pears, bananas, citrus fruits and potatoes. (inchem.org)
  • Development of these prebiotics into commercial products will add value to citrus processing residues and will benefit citrus growers and processors. (usda.gov)
  • Some additional data were obtained on residues from both pre-harvest and post-harvest treatments and on the fate of these residues in processing: further data were obtained on the fate of thiabendazole residues in livestock. (inchem.org)
  • Mutations in the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 gene are responsible for the majority of cases. (medscape.com)
  • Blood glucose meters are used to monitor our progress on a daily basis, too and serve as our primary reference to being able to analyze our blood glucose data. (accu-chek.com)
  • If your vision is poor, talking glucose meters are available so that you don't have to read the numbers. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Alcohol is not effective in removing sugar residue from the skin. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The MDR superfamily with ~350-residue subunits contains the classical liver alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), quinone reductase, leukotriene B4 dehydrogenase and many more forms. (researchgate.net)
  • In previous structures of P2Ox, the substrate loop (residues 452-457) covering the active site has been either disordered or in a conformation incompatible with carbohydrate binding. (nih.gov)
  • We present here the crystal structure of H167A in complex with a slow substrate, 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose. (nih.gov)
  • The tentative determinant for discriminating between the two binding modes is the position of the O6 hydroxyl group, which in the C2-oxidation mode can make favorable interactions with Asp452 in the substrate loop and, possibly, a nearby arginine residue (Arg472). (nih.gov)