• The glycolytic enzyme glucokinase plays an important role in the regulation of insulin secretion and recent studies have shown that mutations in the human glucokinase gene are a common cause of an autosomal dominant form of non-insulin-dependent (type 2) diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) that has an onset often during childhood. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Glucokinase (also designated hexokinase IV or GCK) plays a key role in the regulation of glucose-induced insulin secretion. (ihcworld.com)
  • A lack of glucokinase activity leads to reduced insulin secretion and hyperglycemia and has been implicated as a cause for maturity onset diabetes of the youth (MODY). (ihcworld.com)
  • Other lasting "memories" of undernutrition include change in the distribution of cell types, in patterns of hormonal secretion, in metabolic activity, and in organ structure. (bmj.com)
  • Improved insulin secretion had not been observed, although transgene was indicated in the islets actually, because hypoglycemia triggered a downregulation from the islet glucokinase content material16,17. (pkc-inhibitor.com)
  • The main pathophysiological system of modified glycemia in individuals with glucokinase mutations can be -cell dysfunction, seen as a a modification from the blood sugar threshold that creates insulin secretion, which can be in keeping with a defect in blood sugar sensing21. (pkc-inhibitor.com)
  • Moreover, GKA50 activates human glucokinase enzymatic activity with an EC 50 of 0.022 μM. (immune-system-research.com)
  • In this sense, a better understanding of the three-dimensional (3D) structure of this protein, as well as the spatial description of the possible binding sites to various ligands would contribute to the knowledge of potential targets for the design of inhibitors of the enzymatic activity of Pi GlcK-1. (scientificarchives.com)
  • Biotin is known to influence hepatic glucokinase (GK) expression both at a transcriptional and at a translational level. (nih.gov)
  • Anti-diabetic activity of chromium picolinate and biotin. (cambridge.org)
  • Results of the present study revealed that supplementing CrPic and biotin alone or in a combination exerts anti-diabetic activities, probably through modulation of PPAR-γ, IRS-1 and NF-κB proteins. (cambridge.org)
  • Increasing evidences supporting the potential use of SIRT inhibitors (SIRTi) for the treatment of cancer, HIV infection, and muscular diseases and of SIRT activators (SIRTa) for age-related disorders have led to the identification of many SIRT modulators over recent years, mainly through chemical library screening and catalytic mechanism-based design approaches, often combined with structure-activity relationship (SAR) investigations. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Since 2003, many glucokinase activators (GKAs) have already been created, and their capability to lower the blood sugar has been proven in several pet types of type 2 diabetes. (pkc-inhibitor.com)
  • According to its primary structure, the PITG_06016 gene encodes for one of the 7 glucokinases present in Phytophthora infestans Pi GlcK-1, the causal agent of late blight disease. (scientificarchives.com)
  • The PITG_06016 gene codes for one of the 7 glucokinases present in this phytopathogen [ 2 ]. (scientificarchives.com)
  • The gene expression was detected by RT-qPCR, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes were detected by commercial kits. (bvsalud.org)
  • Human hexokinase II gene: exon-intron organization, mutation screening in NIDDM, and its relationship to muscle hexokinase activity. (uchicago.edu)
  • GKRP binds and moves glucokinase (GK), thereby controlling both activity and intracellular location of this key enzyme of glucose metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
  • Escherichia coli glucokinase (EC 2.7.1.2) is an intracellular enzyme responsible for the phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate using ATP. (nzytech.com)
  • cells, the level of expression of GLUT2 is low and the intracellular glucokinase activity seems to be the rate-limiting step in the glycolytic pathway (5,11). (justia.com)
  • To characterize the effect of these mutations on the catalytic properties of human β-cell glucokinase, we have expressed native and mutant forms of this protein in Escherichia coli. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Using a model for the three-dimensional structure of human glucokinase based on the crystal structure of the related enzyme yeast hexokinase B, the mutations map primarily to two regions of the protein. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The new patent claims a method of detection of specified sequences from polynucleotide sequence which encodes a protein that has human glucokinase activity. (generalpatent.com)
  • It reduces chronic-high-glucose-induced apoptosis via modulation of glucokinase and apoptotic protein BAD. (immune-system-research.com)
  • Allostery is one of the most powerful and common ways of regulation of protein activity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Tight regulation of these processes is fundamental in all kingdoms of life and allostery represents one of the most commmon and powerful means of modulating protein activity[ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mannose inhibited glucose phosphorylation (and vice versa), and activity gels indicated that a single protein was responsible for both activities. (rhea-db.org)
  • Alteration of the activity of a protein (as an enzyme) by combination with another substance at a point other than the chemically active site. (powershow.com)
  • Websters 9th Collegiate Dictionary The influence to an enzyme activity brought about by the change in conformation of the protein in response to the binding of a substance or other effector at a site other than the active site. (powershow.com)
  • A well-developed endoplasmic reticulum and prominent Golgi complex are present, suggesting a high level of protein synthetic activity. (medscape.com)
  • Compound A is shown to activate GK activity in cell-free assays (EC 50 = 0.42 and 0.14 µM in the presence of 2.5 mM and 10 mM of glucose, respectively) and effectively induce cellular GK activation and increase glucose metabolism both in in rats (10 to 30 mg/kg, p.o.) in vivo and in rat islets and hepatocytes cultures (10 to 30 µM) in vitro . (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Glucokinase plays an important role in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism. (generalpatent.com)
  • Glucokinase activity in potato tubers: A key step for the regulation of metabolism. (mpg.de)
  • It has been assumed that the regulatory roles of glucose are mediated through its metabolism, and require the catalytic activity of hexokinase or glucokinase in yeast, plants, mammals, and humans. (sciencewatch.com)
  • These total outcomes indicated that overexpression of glucokinase triggered hepatic blood sugar rate of metabolism, and resulted in a lesser plasma blood sugar focus consequently. (pkc-inhibitor.com)
  • Fasting blood sugar (FBS), HbA1c, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and specific activities of hepatic enzymes including glucokinase (GK), hexokinase (HK), glucose‑6‑phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), and muscle glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) and liver phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) mRNA levels were measured. (ac.ir)
  • GKRP was discovered by Emile van Schaftingen and reported in 1989 Glucokinase (GK) in liver cells phosphorylates glucose, preparing it for incorporation into glycogen or for glycolysis. (wikipedia.org)
  • The reduction in blood glucose level may be due to the reversible inhibition of alpha-glucosidases present in the brush-border of the small intestinal mucosa, higher rate of glycolysis as envisaged by the higher activity of glucokinase, as one of the key enzymes of glycolysis, and enhanced rate of glycogenesis as evidenced by the higher amount of liver glycogen present after MO administration. (oil-testimonials.com)
  • Decreased activity of what enzyme of the pancreatic beta cells can cause hyperglycemia especially in pregnancy? (rahulgladwin.com)
  • Lately, a cross-sectional research carried out in the united kingdom revealed order BMS-354825 that individuals having a glucokinase mutation demonstrated a minimal prevalence of microvascular and macrovascular problems, despite a median length of hyperglycemia of 48.6?years20. (pkc-inhibitor.com)
  • in the pancreatic -cells, however, not in the liver organ, by disrupting exon 1a appearance and thus selectively eliminating appearance from the pancreatic -cell glucokinase isoform without impacting the expression from the liver organ isoform13. (pkc-inhibitor.com)
  • The heterozygous mutant mice demonstrated regular glucokinase activity in the liver organ, but an around 50% reduced amount of the glucokinase activity in the pancreatic islets. (pkc-inhibitor.com)
  • These scholarly research directed to -cell glucokinase having a larger effect on blood sugar homeostasis than liver organ glucokinase, and provided solid support for the idea that glucokinase can be important for blood sugar sensing. (pkc-inhibitor.com)
  • The majority of the mutations that have been identified are missense mutations that result in the synthesis of a glucokinase molecule with an altered amino acid sequence. (elsevierpure.com)
  • All of the missense mutations show changes in enzyme activity including a decrease in V max and/or increase in K m for glucose. (elsevierpure.com)
  • These mutations usually result in large reductions in enzyme activity. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The characterization of mutations in glucokinase that are associated with a distinct and readily recognizable form of NIDDM has led to the identification of key amino acids involved in glucokinase catalysis and localized functionally important regions of the glucokinase molecule. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Insights From Mutations in Human beings The crucial part of glucokinase in regulating the blood sugar levels can be illustrated by the actual fact that over 600 mutations in trigger different monogenic glycemic disorders12. (pkc-inhibitor.com)
  • A structural comparison of the predicted model with other structures of crystallized glucokinases enzymes allowed us to identify both the regions of interaction with their classical substrates (glucose and ATP) and those involved in the binding of other substrates such as fructose and ADP. (scientificarchives.com)
  • Glucokinase is among four members from the hexokinase category of enzymes. (pkc-inhibitor.com)
  • It promotes glucokinase activity, boosts the production of digestive enzymes and degradation of carbohydrates in small intestine. (graphicalresearch.com)
  • In contrast to those of vertebrates, glucokinases from bacteria are functionally distinct from hexokinases (EC 2.7.1.1) with respect to their more absolute specificity for glucose. (nzytech.com)
  • During periods of ample glucose supply, most GK activity can be found in the peripheral cytoplasm where glycogen synthesis is occurring. (wikipedia.org)
  • Accordingly, these findings suggest PPi-binding motif as potential targets for the development of inhibitors of Pi GlcK-1 activity. (scientificarchives.com)
  • GKRP participates in this modulation of GK activity and location by binding free cytoplasmic GK as glucose levels decline, and moving it into the nucleus, where it is held in reserve in an inactive form. (wikipedia.org)
  • there-after, GK mRNA expression, GK activity and insulin release were studied. (nih.gov)
  • The crystal structure of E. coli glucokinase has been determined (PDB coordinates 1Q18 and 1SZ2), revealing a two domain architecture with the active site located in a deep cleft formed between the two domains. (nzytech.com)
  • U.S. Patent No. 8,795,959 titled "Isolated glucokinase genomic polynucleotide fragments from chromosome 7" was issued August 5, 2014. (generalpatent.com)
  • Neural tissue has far more metabolic activity than other tissues of the body. (medscape.com)
  • The glucokinase of "knockout mice" who lack GKRP has a reduced expression and is entirely found in the cytoplasm. (wikipedia.org)
  • This glucokinase, known as Pi GlcK-1, is very important due to its high degree of expression, precisely at the infectious stages of its life cycle [ 3 ]. (scientificarchives.com)
  • On the other hand, overexpression of glucokinase resulted in lower basal blood sugar amounts and improved the glucose tolerance, despite the fact that the plasma insulin amounts in the pets were just like those in the non-transgenic mice. (pkc-inhibitor.com)
  • is effective in lowering systolic blood pressure and sympathetic nerve system activity. (oil-testimonials.com)
  • Associated topics: heart - "Myrtle oil (MO) exerts hypoglycemic as well as mild hypotriglyceridemic activity in diabetic animals. (oil-testimonials.com)