CyclophosphamideMycophenolate mofetilMethotrexateCyclosporineCorticosteroidsDMARDsImmunosuppressiveImmunosuppressantsIntravenousMercaptopurineRelapseSevereSeverity of the diseaseCombinationDosesTreatmentOcularSteroidsPatientsSymptomsStudiesTherapyCyclophosphamideCorticosteroidsImmunosuppressive AgentsIntravenous immunoglobulinAutoimmune diseasesMethylprednisolonePrednisoneRemission maintenanceColchicineMedicationCytotoxicLupusImmuneDoseNUDT15InflammatoryLesionsOralStudyDrug
Cyclophosphamide15
- We investigated whether exposure to cyclophosphamide in patients with generalized vasculitis could be reduced by substitution of azathioprine at remission. (nih.gov)
- After remission, patients were randomly assigned to continued cyclophosphamide therapy (1.5 mg per kilogram of body weight per day) or a substitute regimen of azathioprine (2 mg per kilogram per day). (nih.gov)
- Of 155 patients studied, 144 (93 percent) entered remission and were randomly assigned to azathioprine (71 patients) or continued cyclophosphamide (73 patients). (nih.gov)
- Eleven relapses occurred in the azathioprine group (15.5 percent), and 10 occurred in the cyclophosphamide group (13.7 percent, P=0.65). (nih.gov)
- Severe adverse events occurred in 15 patients during the induction phase (10 percent), in 8 patients in the azathioprine group during the remission phase (11 percent), and in 7 patients in the cyclophosphamide group during the remission phase (10 percent, P=0.94 for the comparison between groups during the remission phase). (nih.gov)
- In patients with generalized vasculitis, the withdrawal of cyclophosphamide and the substitution of azathioprine after remission did not increase the rate of relapse. (nih.gov)
- Patients could be taking stable doses of medications for RA or connective tissue disease at baseline, except azathioprine, cyclosporine, mycophenolate mofetil (Cellcept), tacrolimus, rituximab (Rituxan), cyclophosphamide, or oral glucocorticoids in dosages above 20 mg/day. (medpagetoday.com)
- For tumors resistant to radiation and for those animals unable to receive radiation therapy, systemic treatment with administration of chemotherapeutic agents, including melphalan, chlorambucil, cyclophosphamide, and glucocorticoids, have been recommended and have yielded long-term survival. (merckvetmanual.com)
- Since introduced by Fauci et al in the 1970s, oral cyclophosphamide in combination with high-dose glucocorticoids (ie, prednisone 1mg/kg/day) has been the criterion standard for induction of remission in AAV. (medscape.com)
- Eventually, intravenous cyclophosphamide was investigated as an alternative to oral cyclophosphamide in an effort to decrease treatment-associated toxicities, and, while the emphasis has been placed on optimizing treatment by minimizing exposure to cyclophosphamide and seeking alternative comparable therapies, the combination of cyclophosphamide (intravenous or oral) and glucocorticoids remained the recommended therapy for induction of remission in generalized/severe GPA for years. (medscape.com)
- In 2011, however, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the use of rituximab (a monoclonal antibody that targets B cells), in combination with glucocorticoids, as an alternative to cyclophosphamide for induction of remission in AAV (GPA and microscopic polyangiitis). (medscape.com)
- Cyclophosphamide can be given either by a daily oral route or intermittent intravenous route in combination with high-dose glucocorticoids. (medscape.com)
- The conventional treatment of EGPA is based on glucocorticoids, which are combined with cyclophosphamide in patients with serious organ involvement. (biomedcentral.com)
- Rituximab, cyclophosphamide, and azathioprine were equally effective in ANCA-associated vasculitis, while mepolizumab improved the efficacy of glucocorticoids. (biomedcentral.com)
- Those with an eGFR of between 30 and 59 mL/minute per 1.73 m 2 received cyclophosphamide 1.5 mg/kg a day for 3 months, followed by azathioprine , 1.5 mg/kg a day, from 4 to 36 months, the study endpoint. (medscape.com)
Mycophenolate mofetil3
- The majority of patients in both the eculizumab (78%) and placebo (72%) groups continued on prior immunotherapy including glucocorticoids, azathioprine, and mycophenolate mofetil. (clevelandclinic.org)
- A basic therapeutic principle with particular importance during the pandemic is that glucocorticoids and steroid-sparing immunosuppressive agents, such as azathioprine and mycophenolate mofetil, should be tapered to the lowest effective dose. (medscape.com)
- For severe SLE, continue mycophenolate mofetil, azathioprine, cyclosporine, or tacrolimus but hold for 1 week for nonsevere SLE. (the-hospitalist.org)
Methotrexate3
- Overall, complete response was achieved in 13 of 42 (31%) patients with colchicine, 4 of 17 (23%) with dapsone, 11 of 25 (44%) with glucocorticoids (GCs) alone, 1 of 9 (11%) with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, 11 of 13 (84%) with GCs+azathioprine, and 7 of 15 (47%) with GCs+methotrexate. (nih.gov)
- Depending on severity of the disease, immunosuppressants like methotrexate (MTX) or azathioprine (AZA) can also be used for remission induction and are often used along with glucocorticoids for maintenance therapy. (biomedcentral.com)
- The pharmacotherapies tested in these studies consisted of immunosuppressants, such as corticosteroids, methotrexate and azathioprine, or biologicals. (biomedcentral.com)
Cyclosporine1
- Her history included a diagnosis of Crohn disease in 1978 and treatment with glucocorticoids, cyclosporine, and mercaptopurine. (cdc.gov)
Corticosteroids1
- Corticosteroids, glucocorticoid (e.g. (transplantliving.org)
DMARDs2
- Of these patients, 21% were taking biologic medications, more than half were receiving disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), and 73% were taking glucocorticoids in dosages below 20 mg/day. (medpagetoday.com)
- A similar lack of heterogeneity was observed when the rate of FVC decline was compared among patients using DMARDs and/or glucocorticoids, with a nonsignificant interaction P value of 0.76, he noted. (medpagetoday.com)
Immunosuppressive1
- In active COVID-19 infection, immunosuppressive steroid-sparing medications should be discontinued when possible, although glucocorticoid cessation often cannot be considered due to risk for adrenal insufficiency," the authors continued. (medscape.com)
Immunosuppressants1
- Among numerous immunosuppressants, azathioprine (AZA) is a well-established medication that plays a useful role in the treatment of various autoimmune diseases, and recent studies have confirmed its efficacy in patients with BS, particularly in individuals with ocular pathology. (researchsquare.com)
Intravenous2
- Methylprednisolone 100 mg intravenous or equivalent glucocorticoid is recommended 30 minutes prior to each infusion ( 2.5 ). (drugs.com)
- The follow up dose for adult patients with GPA and MPA who have achieved disease control with induction treatment, in combination with glucocorticoids is two 500 mg intravenous infusions separated by two weeks, followed by a 500 mg intravenous infusion every 6 months thereafter based on clinical evaluation ( 2.6 ). (drugs.com)
Mercaptopurine1
- No azathioprine or mercaptopurine is detectable in urine 8 h after administration. (medscape.com)
Relapse2
- GCs+azathioprine seem the best treatment in the event of relapse. (nih.gov)
- Data were collected retrospectively on disease-related characteristics and events including severity, recurrence, relapse, recovery and flare-up, as well as on azathioprine dosage and the duration of use. (researchsquare.com)
Severe1
- NUDT15 polymorphism and severe azathioprine-induced myelosuppression in a Chinese man with pemphigus vulgaris. (cdc.gov)
Severity of the disease1
- Conclusion Administration of azathioprine with due attention to the signs, symptoms, and severity of the disease, results in a reduced rate of adverse events and resolution of the ocular involvement in patients with BS. (researchsquare.com)
Combination2
- Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA) (Wegener's Granulomatosis) and Microscopic Polyangiitis (MPA) in adult patients in combination with glucocorticoids ( 1.4 ). (drugs.com)
- The induction dose for adult patients with active GPA and MPA in combination with glucocorticoids is 375 mg/m 2 once weekly for 4 weeks. (drugs.com)
Doses1
- Patients with an eGFR of at least 60 mL/minute per 1.73 m 2 who were enrolled in the final 36 months of the study received glucocorticoid monotherapy at various doses. (medscape.com)
Treatment1
- 1 year or those who had a history of glucocorticoid use for the treatment of other diseases (i.e. concomitant autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, mixed connective tissue disease, and dermatomyositis) before RP treatment were excluded. (springer.com)
Ocular2
- This study was conducted to determine the types and prevalence of adverse events related with azathioprine in patients with ocular BS. (researchsquare.com)
- Some evidence shows that steroids or azathioprine might prevent the conversion to generalized MG in 75% of patients with ocular MG. (medscape.com)
Steroids1
- If current dose of glucocorticoids is less than 20 mg/day, the current dose should be administered rather than administering stress-dose steroids. (the-hospitalist.org)
Patients2
Symptoms1
- If a steroid alone doesn't control your symptoms, you may need to take medications known as "glucocorticoid sparing therapy" along with it. (webmd.com)
Studies1
- Additionally there is a need for further studies on glucocorticoid management and biologic agents. (the-hospitalist.org)
Therapy1
- Prolia was later approved to treat men with osteoporosis, glucocorticoid induced osteoporosis, bone loss in men receiving androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer and in women receiving aromatase inhibitor therapy for breast cancer. (medlineplus.gov)
Cyclophosphamide4
- Current treatments with steroids and other drugs that suppress the immune system (such as azathioprine or cyclophosphamide) can improve symptoms and the chance of long-term survival. (medlineplus.gov)
- [ 2 ] For life- or organ-threatening disease, glucocorticoids are combined with other immunosuppressant drugs, such as cyclophosphamide, for induction of remission, and maintenance therapy is provided with azathioprine or methotrexate. (medscape.com)
- Avacopan was used as combination treatment with cyclophosphamide, followed by combination of avacopan with azathioprine or mycophenolate, or in combination with rituximab, followed by avacopan monotherapy, and with glucocorticoids as needed. (europa.eu)
- Most patients (99.5%) received first-line therapy (glucocorticoids, IV immunoglobulin, or plasmapheresis alone or combined), and only 7.3% received second-line immunotherapy (rituximab, cyclophosphamide alone, or combined). (antinmdafoundation.org)
Corticosteroids1
- The study included 20 consecutive patients with Crohn's colitis or ileocolitis in clinical remission while taking azathioprine for at least 9 months and no corticosteroids for at least 3 months who had had an ileocolonoscopy less than 1 year before the start of azathioprine. (nih.gov)
Immunosuppressive Agents1
- To achieve remission of ANCA-associated vasculitis, patients are often treated with immunosuppressive agents and high doses of glucocorticoids. (tavneospro.com)
Intravenous immunoglobulin1
- The principal therapeutic options for ITP include glucocorticoids, intravenous immunoglobulin and splenectomy. (banglajol.info)
Autoimmune diseases2
- Mechanism whereby azathioprine affects autoimmune diseases unknown. (medscape.com)
- More information about the use of glucocorticoids for symptoms of active inflammatory arthritis is discussed in the chapter on chronic autoimmune diseases, types of anabolic steroids for bodybuilding. (proseriesgolfirons.com)
Methylprednisolone1
- probably the quickest is to give an intramuscular dose of long-acting glucocorticoid, such as 40-80 mg of triamcinolone acetonide or 20-40 mg of methylprednisolone acetate, which usually suppresses flare and lasts 2-4 weeks. (bmj.com)
Prednisone4
- Glucocorticoids, such as high-dose prednisone , may be effective in treating patients with MG . The mechanism of action is unknown. (medscape.com)
- Azathioprine was started after thiopurine methyltransferase testing, and prednisone was tapered down. (nih.gov)
- In contrast, Morris begins by prescribing both prednisone and azathioprine. (medpagetoday.com)
- If there is still disease activity and you cannot taper prednisolone/prednisone to less than 10 mg daily, increase immunosuppression, either by increasing dose of immunosuppressive being given (e.g. azathioprine) or adding a new immunosuppressive. (bmj.com)
Remission maintenance1
- Low-dose glucocorticoid use for remission maintenance versus complete discontinuation also remains under investigation. (unitn.it)
Colchicine2
- Initial long-term treatment options mainly include colchicine, dapsone, or azathioprine. (nih.gov)
- This study proposes to compare the efficacy of three of the drugs among the most commonly used ones - colchicine, dapsone, and azathioprine - for the treatment of isolated skin vasculitis, in a multi-center sequential multiple assignment randomized trial. (nih.gov)
Medication1
- Most patients respond to this medication, particularly in conjunction with glucocorticoids. (medscape.com)
Cytotoxic1
- Mounting evidence supports the use of tumor necrosis factor inhibitors as an important addition to the therapeutic armamentarium, along with glucocorticoids and steroid-sparing cytotoxic immunosuppressants. (neurology.org)
Lupus2
- 9. Very long-term outcome of pure lupus membranous nephropathy treated with glucocorticoid and azathioprine. (nih.gov)
- Standard therapy of cutaneous lupus includes broad spectrum sunscreens, topical and intralesional glucocorticoids, and antimalarial agents. (cdlib.org)
Immune1
- Because glucocorticoids can cause immune suppression, hyperglycemia, hypertension , osteoporosis , and other adverse effects, it is vital to assess the patient's clinical presentation before tapering the dosage or starting alternate-day regimens. (medscape.com)
Dose2
- If on glucocorticoids, the dose must be less than or equal to 20 mg daily and stable for the 4 weeks prior to screening visit. (nih.gov)
- If flare recurs, increase the daily glucocorticoid dose (patients often do this themselves - before consulting the physician). (bmj.com)
NUDT152
Inflammatory1
- Successful azathioprine therapy is accompanied by mucosal healing and disappearance of the inflammatory infiltrate. (nih.gov)
Lesions1
- The lesions had been recalcitrant in the past to topical glucocorticoid therapy. (cdlib.org)
Oral2
Study3
- At the investigator s discretion, glucocorticoids may be tapered during the study. (nih.gov)
- 1. Prednisolone and azathioprine in membranous nephropathy: a 10-year follow-up study. (nih.gov)
- 4. Prednisolone and azathioprine in IgA nephropathy - a ten-year follow-up study. (nih.gov)
Drug1
- This is not an estimate of the half-life of azathioprine itself, but is the decay rate for all 35 S-containing metabolites of the drug. (nih.gov)