Human mammaryEpithelial cellsBovine mammary glandMiceTumorsNormal mammaryFunctional mammaryLactationCarcinomaWistar-FurthMilkSweat glandsRatsGenesUdderTissueAdrenal glandsNeoplasticAltersPregnancyBreastsGeneHumansTranscriptomeComprisePostnatalGrowthProlactinBiologyDevelopmentMechanismDifferentiationStimulationEndocrineMeSHMammalFemaleMouseHormones
Human mammary2
- In the case of breasts, each mammary gland has its own nipple (e.g., human mammary glands). (wikipedia.org)
- The pink blob in this image is a lab-grown human mammary gland organoid. (popsci.com)
Epithelial cells7
- Maintaining the correct polarized morphology of the lactiferous duct tree requires another essential component - mammary epithelial cells extracellular matrix (ECM) which, together with adipocytes, fibroblast, inflammatory cells, and others, constitute mammary stroma. (wikipedia.org)
- This locally secreted factor gives rise to a series of outside-in and inside-out positive feedback between these two types of cells, so that mammary bud epithelial cells can proliferate and sprout down into the mesenchymal layer until they reach the fat pad to begin the first round of branching. (wikipedia.org)
- Histologically, the neoplastic proliferation was composed by epithelial cells with high pleomorphism, features of malignancy, and no delimitations, leading to the diagnosis of anaplastic carcinoma of the mammary gland. (ufrgs.br)
- Conversely, elevated expression of Cuzd1 in mammary epithelial cells stimulated prolactin-induced phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of STAT5. (illinois.edu)
- In combination with a conditional gene inactivation approach, we expressed N-cad in the absence of E-cad (referred to as Ncadk.i.) in alveolar epithelial cells of the mammary gland starting in late pregnancy. (biomedcentral.com)
- The mammary gland (MG) consists of lobulo-alveolar structures formed by epithelial cells expressing E-cad [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Additionally, CITED1 and ERα localize to the same epithelial cells of the pubertal mammary gland, supporting a role for interaction of these two proteins during normal development. (elsevierpure.com)
Bovine mammary gland3
- Innate immunity of the bovine mammary gland. (semanticscholar.org)
- Elucidation of the bovine mammary gland transcriptome by RNA-seq is essential for identifying candidate genes that contribute to milk composition traits in dairy cattle. (biomedcentral.com)
- however, no studies on the bovine mammary gland transcriptome by RNA-seq have been published. (biomedcentral.com)
Mice15
- A preliminary report on some possible effects of nursing on the mammary gland tumor incidence in mice is presented. (semanticscholar.org)
- Similarly, fetal exposure to BPA induces neoplastic changes in mammary tissue of mice. (nih.gov)
- We examined the effect of BPA and DES on EZH2 expression and function in MCF-7 cells and in mammary glands of mice exposed in utero. (nih.gov)
- EZH2 protein was elevated in mammary tissue of mice exposed to DES or BPA. (nih.gov)
- Similarly, mice exposed to BPA or DES in utero showed increased mammary histone H3 trimethylation. (nih.gov)
- Mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) is a betaretrovirus that causes breast cancer in mice. (utexas.edu)
- This study demonstrated that reduction of full-length CDP levels in two independent strains of CDP knockout mice increased endogenous MMTV and other mammary-specific cellular genes in undifferentiated mammary glands, suggesting a critical role for CDP in the MMTV life cycle. (utexas.edu)
- Cuzd1-null mice exhibited a striking impairment in mammary ductal branching and alveolar development during pregnancy, resulting in a subsequent defect in lactation. (illinois.edu)
- A humanized pattern of aromatase expression is associated with mammary hyperplasia in mice. (rush.edu)
- The team of Jos Jonkers tried a new approach: they injected lentiviral vectors in the mammary glands of adult mice. (cshlpress.org)
- Plus, while transgenic mice often develop mammary tumors in multiple glands, we can restrict tumor induction to a single gland. (cshlpress.org)
- Trans-Fatty Acid-Stimulated Mammary Gland Growth in Ovariectomized Mice is Fatty Acid Type and Isomer Specific. (ucdavis.edu)
- Here, we investigated the capacity of N-cad in supporting epithelial integrity in the mammary gland of adult mice. (biomedcentral.com)
- Postnatal growth trajectories and gene expression in the mammary gland at 10-weeks of age in female mice were investigated following different maternal diet exposures during prenatal-lactational-early-juvenile development. (louisville.edu)
- The objectives of this project were to determine the expression of C5a receptor on 4T1 cell line, to determine the mechanism of mouse mammary gland tumour cell death after treatment with respective peptides, determine the effect of the peptides on mouse mammary gland tumour cell, and to determine the effect of EP54 and PMX205 on the liver and kidneys of mice with 4T1-induced mammary gland tumour. (upm.edu.my)
Tumors1
- CRISPR/Cas9 somatic editing also induced tumor formation, but it resulted in mammary tumors that did not resemble ILC. (cshlpress.org)
Normal mammary1
- IL-6 triggers malignant features in mammospheres from human ductal breast carcinoma and normal mammary gland. (semanticscholar.org)
Functional mammary3
- In the case of prototherians, both males and females have functional mammary glands, but their mammary glands are without nipples. (wikipedia.org)
- Concerning metatherians and eutherians, only females have functional mammary glands. (wikipedia.org)
- An entire functional mammary gland may comprise the progeny from a single cell. (semanticscholar.org)
Lactation6
- Lactorrhea, the occasional production of milk by the glands, can occur in any mammal, but in most mammals, lactation, the production of enough milk for nursing, occurs only in phenotypic females who have gestated in recent months or years. (wikipedia.org)
- Virus expression is low during early stages of mammary development, but high levels of MMTV transcription occur during lactation to ensure optimal viral transmission through maternal milk to the offspring. (utexas.edu)
- In the mammary gland, genetic circuits controlled by estrogen, progesterone, and prolactin, act in concert with pathways regulated by members of the epidermal growth factor family to orchestrate growth and morphogenesis during puberty, pregnancy and lactation. (illinois.edu)
- We have identified the CUB and zona pellucida-like domain-containing protein 1 (CUZD1), expressed in mammary ductal and alveolar epithelium, as a novel mediator of mammary gland proliferation and differentiation during pregnancy and lactation. (illinois.edu)
- S. aureus can infect mammary glands, resulting in serious long-term injury to mammary gland cells and ultimately damaging the structure and lactation function of the breast [ 6 ]. (oncotarget.com)
- These results suggest that marginal maternal Zn intake during pregnancy and lactation increase mammary gland Cu transporter levels and alter their localization, resulting in high milk Cu levels, possibly in response to transiently elevated plasma Cu levels. (psu.edu)
Carcinoma4
- anaplastic carcinoma of the mammary gland is considered a highly invasive and malignant neoplasia, which usually leads to neoplastic thrombosis and epidermal ulceration due to invasiveness of lymphatic vessels by tumor emboli. (ufrgs.br)
- The aim of this case report is to describe a case of hemorrhagic stroke in a dog with anaplastic carcinoma of the mammary gland. (ufrgs.br)
- anaplastic carcinoma of the mammary gland has an epithelial origin and is considered the most malignant neoplasm with worst prognosis due to its characteristic of high cellular pleomorphism and the ability of invasiveness of vessels and adjacent tissues. (ufrgs.br)
- Moreover, studies demonstrate the higher risk of clotting abnormalities when associated to progression of mammary carcinomas, which includes anaplastic carcinoma of the mammary gland. (ufrgs.br)
Wistar-Furth2
- Background: Our objective was to assess the histological changes in mammary glands of the female Wistar-Furth rat as a result of low dose exposure to N-nitrosomethylurea (NMU). (tufts.edu)
- To explore this mechanism in the mammary gland, Wistar-Furth rats were exposed subcutaneously via osmotic pumps to vehicle or 250 μg BPA/kg BW/day, a dose that induced ductal carcinomas in situ. (elsevierpure.com)
Milk12
- A mammary gland is an exocrine gland in humans and other mammals that produces milk to feed young offspring. (wikipedia.org)
- The basic components of a mature mammary gland are the alveoli (hollow cavities, a few millimeters large), which are lined with milk-secreting cuboidal cells and surrounded by myoepithelial cells. (wikipedia.org)
- As the infant begins to suck, the oxytocin-mediated "let down reflex" ensues, and the mother's milk is secreted - not sucked - from the gland into the baby's mouth. (wikipedia.org)
- The mammary gland is a complex organ that provides neonatal offspring with milk for nourishment and disease resistance. (semanticscholar.org)
- Although every human has sweat glands, only females have glands and ducts capable of producing milk. (healthline.com)
- The mammary glands located in the breast are responsible for producing milk for a suckling baby following childbirth. (healthline.com)
- Each gland consists of a series of lobules , or glands that produce milk. (healthline.com)
- Hormonal changes during pregnancy signal the mammary ducts to begin producing milk in preparation for the eventual birth of a baby who will require mother's milk. (healthline.com)
- Gentle massage can increase milk supply by improving blood circulation to the tissue surrounding the mammary glands. (coursemology.sg)
- Rats fed ZD had high mammary gland Ctr1, Atp7A and Atp7B levels, milk Cp activity and Cu concentration. (psu.edu)
- We used massive, parallel, high-throughput, RNA-seq to generate the bovine transcriptome from the mammary glands of four lactating Holstein cows with extremely high and low phenotypic values of milk protein and fat percentage. (biomedcentral.com)
- Two studies on the transcriptome of the mammary gland of Holstein cows using an oligonucleotide microarray have been presented, one of which compared the gene expression profile before (dry) and after (milk) parturition, using an Affymetrix cDNA array [ 22 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Sweat glands4
- These mammary glands are modified sweat glands. (wikipedia.org)
- Many sources assert that mammary glands are modified sweat glands. (wikipedia.org)
- The presence of sweat glands is a distinguishing characteristic for mammals. (healthline.com)
- The glands and ducts of the female breast are similar to sweat glands. (healthline.com)
Rats2
- The reason of this study is to shed the light of the fennel s effect on female rats mammary glands in the three physiological cases (virgins, pregnant, and lactating). (medicaljournal-ias.org)
- This indicates that seeds of the fennel plant increase the chance of growth and development of the mammary glands of female rats. (medicaljournal-ias.org)
Genes4
- Furthermore, the loss of DNA-binding activity correlates with increased expression of MMTV and other mammary-specific genes, including β-casein, whey acidic protein and α-lactalbumin, indicating that CDP150 is a developmentally controlled, naturally occurring dominant-negative protein. (utexas.edu)
- Collectively, these findings suggest that CUZD1 plays a critical role in prolactin-induced JAK/STAT5 signaling that controls the expression of key STAT5 target genes involved in mammary epithelial proliferation and differentiation during alveolar development. (illinois.edu)
- Expression microarray analysis identified over 930 genes regulated during puberty in the mouse mammary gland. (elsevierpure.com)
- Chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed that ERα binds to oestrogen response elements in both the Stc2 and Areg genes in the mammary gland during puberty. (elsevierpure.com)
Udder1
- The mammary glands are arranged in organs such as the breasts in primates (for example, humans and chimpanzees), the udder in ruminants (for example, cows, goats, sheep, and deer), and the dugs of other animals (for example, dogs and cats). (wikipedia.org)
Tissue5
- Mammary epithelial ECM mainly contains myoepithelial basement membrane and the connective tissue. (wikipedia.org)
- These mesenchymal cells can transform into a dense, mammary-specific mesenchyme, which later develop into connective tissue with fibrous threads, forming blood vessels and the lymph system. (wikipedia.org)
- Genomic DNA (gDNA) was isolated from the mammary tissue and immuno-precipitated using anti-5-methylcytosine antibodies. (elsevierpure.com)
- Researchers have grown breast tissue in the lab to better understand how cancer forms, and also how mammary glands originated. (popsci.com)
- Without estrogen, the gland tissue shrinks, making the breasts smaller and less full. (medlineplus.gov)
Adrenal glands1
- There was neoplastic infiltrate in the bladder, adrenal glands, and lungs. (ufrgs.br)
Neoplastic1
- Fetal exposure to BPA induces preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions in the adult rat mammary gland. (elsevierpure.com)
Alters1
- These results show that fetal BPA exposure triggers changes in the postnatal and adult mammary gland epigenome and alters gene expression patterns. (elsevierpure.com)
Pregnancy1
- This research was based on the underlying hypothesis that maternal dietary composition during pregnancy can alter developmental (fetal) programming of the mammary gland. (louisville.edu)
Breasts1
- Their mammary glands can be termed as breasts or udders. (wikipedia.org)
Gene2
- This study reveals a novel posttranslational cleavage event that controls CDP activity and gene expression during normal development of the mammary gland. (utexas.edu)
- Gene expression profiling of mammary epithelium revealed that CUZD1 regulates the expression of a subset of the EGF family growth factors, epiregulin, neuregulin-1, and epigen, which act in an autocrine fashion to activate ErbB1 and ErbB4 receptors. (illinois.edu)
Humans1
- Humans normally have two complex mammary glands, one in each breast, and each complex mammary gland consists of 10-20 simple glands. (wikipedia.org)
Transcriptome1
- This study investigated the complexity of the mammary gland transcriptome in dairy cattle using RNA-seq. (biomedcentral.com)
Comprise1
- In the case of udders, pairs of mammary glands comprise a single mass, with more than one nipple (or teat) hanging from it. (wikipedia.org)
Postnatal1
- These findings suggest maternal dietary fat exposure significantly influences postnatal growth trajectories, metabolic programming, and signaling networks in the mammary gland of female offspring. (louisville.edu)
Growth1
- Mammary glands develop during different growth cycles. (wikipedia.org)
Prolactin1
- Proteomic studies further revealed that CUZD1 interacts with a complex containing JAK1/JAK2 and STAT5, downstream transducers of prolactin signaling in the mammary gland. (illinois.edu)
Biology1
- Altered developmental programming of the mouse mammary gland in female offspring following perinatal dietary exposures : a systems-biology perspective. (louisville.edu)
Development4
- They not only help to support mammary basic structure, but also serve as a communicating bridge between mammary epithelia and their local and global environment throughout this organ's development. (wikipedia.org)
- In this stage, mammary gland development depends on systemic (and maternal) hormones, but is also under the (local) regulation of paracrine communication between neighboring epithelial and mesenchymal cells by parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP). (wikipedia.org)
- Mammary gland of a prepubescent female rat stained to see its development. (eurekalert.org)
- Mishaps in prenatal development can influence mammary gland development and, ultimately, affect susceptibility to factors that cause breast cancer. (louisville.edu)
Mechanism1
- Developmental programming of EZH2 is a novel mechanism by which in utero exposure to endocrine disruptors leads to epigenetic regulation of the mammary gland. (nih.gov)
Differentiation3
- Completion of the MMTV life cycle is linked to the differentiation status of the mammary gland. (utexas.edu)
- Interestingly, CDP was developmentally regulated during mammary differentiation. (utexas.edu)
- Therefore, MMTV has adopted a normal cellular process to control viral expression during mammary differentiation. (utexas.edu)
Stimulation3
- This Breast Massage Course will equip therapists and caregiver with knowledge and application skills to provide mammary glands stimulation massage at a spa, home visit service or massage establishment. (coursemology.sg)
- On completion of this unit, participants will have the knowledge and skills in providing mammary glands stimulation massage and be able to apply them at the workplace. (coursemology.sg)
- By detecting the levels of hormones produced by glands under the pituitary's control (target glands), the hypothalamus or the pituitary can determine how much stimulation the target glands need. (msdmanuals.com)
Endocrine1
- The pituitary controls the function of most other endocrine glands and is therefore sometimes called the master gland. (msdmanuals.com)
MeSH1
- Mammary Glands, Animal" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (wakehealth.edu)
Mammal1
- The word "mammary" is similar to "mammal" because our classification in the animal kingdom is named after our glands. (healthline.com)
Female1
- a 12-year-old, mixed breed, female spayed canine presented with mammary tumor with plaque formation, associated with skin ulceration which extended to the medial region of pelvic limbs. (ufrgs.br)
Mouse2
- This project was mainly about the agonist (EP54) and antagonist (PMX205) modulate the expression of C5aR causing the regression of mouse mammary gland tumour. (upm.edu.my)
- Based on these results, it showed that EP54 and PMX205 could modulate the expression of C5aR causing the regression of mouse mammary gland tumour. (upm.edu.my)
Hormones1
- The pituitary, a pea-sized gland at the base of the brain, produces a number of hormones. (msdmanuals.com)