• Stimulated muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (M2Rs) release Gβγ subunits, which slow heart rate by activating a G protein-gated K + channel (GIRK). (elifesciences.org)
  • Stimulated β2 adrenergic receptors (β2ARs) also release Gβγ subunits, but GIRK is not activated. (elifesciences.org)
  • K + currents and bioluminescence resonance energy transfer between labelled G proteins and GIRK show that M2Rs catalyze Gβγ subunit release at higher rates than β2ARs, generating higher Gβγ concentrations that activate GIRK and regulate other targets of Gβγ. (elifesciences.org)
  • Previous reports suggest GIRK1 and/or GIRK2 subunits are largely responsible for GIRK currents in the brain (Koyrakh et al. (pafr-inhibitor.com)
  • Thus, to further examine the contribution of GIRK channel subunits on resting membrane potential in POMC neurons, we generated POMC-hrGFP mice with global deletion of either GIRK1 or GIRK2. (pafr-inhibitor.com)
  • In this study, we used biochemical and morphological techniques to analyze the cellular and subcellular distributions of GIRK channel subunits, as well as their interactions, in the mouse cerebellum. (epfl.ch)
  • We found that GIRK1, GIRK2, and GIRK3 subunits co-precipitated with one another in the cerebellum and that GIRK subunit ablation was correlated with reduced expression levels of residual subunits. (epfl.ch)
  • Using quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemical approaches, we found that GIRK subunits exhibit overlapping but distinct expression patterns in various cerebellar neuron subtypes. (epfl.ch)
  • A high degree of molecular diversity in the cerebellar GIRK channel repertoire is suggested by labeling seen in less abundant neuron populations, including Purkinje neurons (GIRK1/GIRK2/GIRK3), basket cells (GIRK1/GIRK3), Golgi cells (GIRK2/GIRK4), stellate cells (GIRK3), and unipolar brush cells (GIRK2/GIRK3). (epfl.ch)
  • Double-labeling immunofluorescence and electron microscopies showed that GIRK subunits were mainly found at post-synaptic sites. (epfl.ch)
  • Ciruela F, Fernández-Dueñas V, Sahlholm K, Fernández-Alacid L, Nicolau JC, Watanabe M, Luján R. (2010) Evidence for oligomerization between GABA(B) receptors and GIRK channels containing the GIRK1 and GIRK3 subunits. (syslab.es)
  • Genetic variation in the inwardly rectifying K channel subunits KCNJ3 (GIRK1) and KCNJ5 (GIRK4) in patients with sinus node dysfunction. (cdc.gov)
  • Human G-protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channel (GIRK1) gene (KCNJ3): localization to chromosome 2 and identification of a simple tandem repeat polymorphism. (uchicago.edu)
  • The activated receptor catalyzes removal of GDP from the G protein alpha subunit (Gα i ), which allows intracellular GTP to bind. (elifesciences.org)
  • The process is reversed by the alpha subunit, which hydrolyses GTP to GDP followed by reformation of the Gα i (GDP)βγ complex. (elifesciences.org)
  • Gi alpha 1 selectively couples somatostatin receptor subtype 3 to adenylyl cyclase: identification of the functional domains of this alpha subunit necessary for mediating the inhibition by somatostatin of cAMP formation. (uchicago.edu)
  • Cerebellum: K ir 3.3 expression in Purkinje neurons (GIRK1/GIRK2/GIRK3), basket cells (GIRK1/GIRK3), stellate cells (GIRK3), and unipolar brush cells (GIRK2/GIRK3). (guidetopharmacology.org)
  • Nikolov, E.N. and Ivanova-Nikolova, T.T. "Coordination of membrane excitability through a GIRK1 signaling complex in the atria. (cognistrata.org)
  • GIRK1 and GIRK2 exhibited the most widespread and robust labeling in the cerebellum, with labeling particularly prominent in granule cells. (epfl.ch)
  • Potassium channels have a tetrameric structure in which four identical protein subunits associate to form a fourfold symmetric (C4) complex arranged around a central ion conducting pore (i.e., a homotetramer). (wikipedia.org)
  • Cell type-specific subunit composition of G protein-gated potassium channels in the cerebellum. (epfl.ch)
  • There are over 80 mammalian genes that encode potassium channel subunits. (wikipedia.org)
  • The SK channel family is composed of three independent genes: SK1, SK2 and SK3, codifying for three subunits with the same name, which are highly expressed in the brain. (syslab.es)
  • All potassium channel subunits have a distinctive pore-loop structure that lines the top of the pore and is responsible for potassium selective permeability. (wikipedia.org)
  • Four α-subunits combine to form a tetramer, with the pore domain of each subunit contributing to the structure of the central pore. (tocris.com)
  • Here, we provide new evidence that PP2A B55 regulatory subunit interacts directly with a small region of the C-terminal domain of the GABA B R1 subunit, and that this interaction is sensitive to intracellular Ca 2+ . (jneurosci.org)
  • 14. Functional importance of PP2A regulatory subunit loss in breast cancer. (nih.gov)
  • 20. GIRK1 triggers multiple cancer-related pathways in the benign mammary epithelial cell line MCF10A. (nih.gov)
  • Our study suggests that drugs that target the auxiliary subunits can directly destabilize and have an impact on CaV2 channels. (bvsalud.org)
  • Three related human K(IR) transcript sequences were found: CIR (also known as cardiac KATP-1), GIRK1, and GIRK2 (KATP-2). (wustl.edu)
  • The coding sequences of KCNJ3 and KCNJ5, encoding the main subunits of the KACh channels, were re-sequenced. (nih.gov)
  • Genetic variation in KCNJ3 and KCNJ5 encoding the subunits of the KACh channels is apparently not involved in the pathogenesis of SND. (nih.gov)
  • These channels consist of one pore-forming α1 subunit and two auxiliary ß and α2δ subunits. (bvsalud.org)
  • The process is reversed by the alpha subunit, which hydrolyses GTP to GDP followed by reformation of the Gα i (GDP)βγ complex. (elifesciences.org)