• The micro ELISA plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Mouse GFAP. (elabscience.com)
  • Then a biotinylated detection antibody specific for Mouse GFAP and Avidin-Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) conjugate are added successively to each micro plate well and incubated. (elabscience.com)
  • Only those wells that contain Mouse GFAP, biotinylated detection antibody and Avidin-HRP conjugate will appear blue in color. (elabscience.com)
  • Micrograph of a section of the cerebral cortex from a person with Alzheimer's disease , immunostained with an antibody to amyloid beta (brown), a protein fragment that accumulates in amyloid plaques and cerebral amyloid angiopathy . (wikipedia.org)
  • IHC staining of purified anti-GFAP antibody (clone SMI 24) on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded mouse brain tissue. (biolegend.com)
  • IHC staining of purified anti-GFAP antibody (clone SMI 24) on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded rat brain tissue. (biolegend.com)
  • Western blot of purified anti-GFAP antibody (clone SMI 24). (biolegend.com)
  • IHC staining of purified anti‐GFAP (Cocktail) antibody (clone SMI 22) on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded human (left) and rat (right) brain tissues. (biolegend.com)
  • IHC staining of purified anti‐GFAP (Cocktail) antibody (clone SMI 22) on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded human brain tissue. (biolegend.com)
  • ICC staining of purified anti‐GFAP (Cocktail) antibody (clone SMI 22) on U251 cells. (biolegend.com)
  • Human GFAP is a 49,749 dalton protein (432 amino acids) expressed in astrocytes. (neuromics.com)
  • 2016). PINK1 expression increases during brain development and stem cell differentiation, and affects the development of GFAP-positive astrocytes . (neuromics.com)
  • Glial fibrillary protein (Glial fibrillary acidic protein, GFAP) is an intermediate filament protein expressed by most cells in the central nerve system and particularly astrocytes. (svarlifescience.com)
  • GFAP is an intermediate filament (IF) protein that is expressed by numerous cell types of the central nervous system (CNS) including astrocytes. (wikipedia.org)
  • The destruction of astrocytes can lead to the development of a glial scar. (wikipedia.org)
  • The scar is formed by astrocytes interacting with fibrous tissue to re-establish the glial margins around the central injury core and is partially caused by up-regulation of GFAP. (wikipedia.org)
  • SGK-1 protein levels in spinal astrocytes are increased in response to glucocorticoid stimuli and enhanced ATP release by opening the pannexin-1 hemichannels. (nature.com)
  • In these regions it colocalized with GFAP, suggesting expression in astrocytes such as Bergmann glia (BG) and velate protoplasmic astrocytes. (frontiersin.org)
  • On the contrary, knockdown of Sprouty proteins increases proliferation of activated astrocytes and, consequently, reduces secondary brain damage in neuronal lesion models such as kainic acid-induced epilepsy or endothelin-induced ischemia. (springer.com)
  • Change in GFAP expression is also a prominent feature in activated astrocytes. (wisc.edu)
  • If there is any kind of injury to the CNS - be it a traumatic injury, disease, or genetic defect - GFAP tends to be upregulated in astrocytes," Brenner says. (wisc.edu)
  • When they examined the brains of these mice, they were shocked to find clumps of proteins strewn throughout, localized in the astrocytes. (wisc.edu)
  • FGF-2 immunoreactivity was localized within GFAP-positive hypertrophic astrocytes distributed specifically within the denervated outer molecular layer after the lesion. (jneurosci.org)
  • Reactive astrocytes, a type of brain cell, could help scientists understand why some people with healthy cognition and amyloid-β deposits in their brains do not develop other signs of Alzheimer's, such as tangled tau proteins. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Alongside other glial cells, the brain's resident immune cells, astrocytes support neurons by providing them with nutrients, oxygen, and protection against pathogens. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Previously the role of astrocytes in neuronal communication had been overlooked since glial cells do not conduct electricity like neurons. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Immunohistochemistry revealed a marked increase in extracellular clusterin protein expression in the perilesional cortex and ipsilateral hippocampus (7d to 1 month post-TBI), and ipsilateral thalamus (14d to 12 months post-TBI). (nature.com)
  • In addition to its role in muscle tissue, it functions as an anchoring protein within the central nervous system such as in hippocampus and cerebellum. (frontiersin.org)
  • Regional and cellular dystrophin distribution was evaluated in both human and rat hippocampi and in rat cerebellar tissue by immunofluorescent colocalization with neuronal (NeuN and calbindin) and glial (GFAP) markers. (frontiersin.org)
  • Among them are the Sprouty proteins which mainly act as inhibitors of growth factor-dependent neuronal and glial signaling pathways. (springer.com)
  • [ 2 ] The arachnoid cells have several proposed functions, including acting as a structural barrier with cellular wrapping/ensheathing, acting as a conduit for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage/absorption into dural sinuses/veins (arachnoid villi), epithelial-like/secretory functions, monocytelike functions, trophic support and byproduct detoxification for glial and neuronal cells, and participation in reactive/reparative processes. (medscape.com)
  • Immunohistochemical examination revealed positive expression of cluster of differentiation 34(CD34), vimentin and CD99, and negative expression of epithelial membrane antigen, S100 and glial fibrillary acidic protein. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • GFAP is a type III IF protein that is closely related to its non-epithelial family members, vimentin, desmin, and peripherin, which are all involved in the structure and function of the cell's cytoskeleton. (biolegend.com)
  • During embryonic and fetal life, GFAP is also expressed by radial glial cells of the CNS. (neuromics.com)
  • Antibodies to GFAP are therefore very useful as markers of astrocytic cells and neural stem cells. (neuromics.com)
  • In addition many types of brain tumor, presumably derived from astrocytic cells, heavily express GFAP. (neuromics.com)
  • proteinopathic adj ), or proteopathy , protein conformational disorder , or protein misfolding disease , is a class of diseases in which certain proteins become structurally abnormal, and thereby disrupt the function of cells , tissues and organs of the body. (wikipedia.org)
  • [10] Furthermore, evidence has emerged that small, non-fibrillar protein aggregates known as oligomers are toxic to the cells of an affected organ, and that amyloidogenic proteins in their fibrillar form may be relatively benign. (wikipedia.org)
  • Several molecules of this protein bind together to form intermediate filaments, which provide support and strength to cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • As a result, the abnormal glial fibrillary acidic protein likely accumulates in astroglial cells, leading to the formation of Rosenthal fibers, which impair cell function. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In the adult mammalian subventricular zone (SVZ), GFAP-positive neural stem cells (NSCs) generate neuroblasts that migrate tangentially along the rostral migratory stream (RMS) toward the olfactory bulb (OB). (jneurosci.org)
  • GFAP has also been found to be expressed in glomeruli and peritubular fibroblasts, Leydig cells of the testis, keratinocytes, osteocytes and chondrocytes and stellate cells of the pancreas and liver. (biolegend.com)
  • GFAP is thought to help to maintain astrocyte mechanical strength, as well as the shape of the cells. (biolegend.com)
  • This protein is predominantly made in the central nervous system (CNS), primarily in astrocyte cells. (wisc.edu)
  • Heat shock protein (HSP) 90 is abundant in cells, mainly in the form of homodimers, including HSP90α and HSP90β. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • As a molecular chaperone, HSP90 regulates the conformational maturation and functional stability of many signaling proteins in cells, serves important roles in cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis and tumor development and is an important antitumor target ( 8 , 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Based on a previous report, we studied the potential involvement of the adenosine A1 receptor in the effect of CBC on these cells and found that the selective adenosine A1 receptor antagonist, DPCPX, counteracted both ERK1/2 phosphorylation and up-regulation of nestin by CBC, indicating that also adenosine is involved in these effects of CBC, but possibly not in CBC inhibitory effect on GFAP expression. (nih.gov)
  • They are a major component of the basal lamina (one of the layers of the basement membrane), a protein network foundation for most cells and organs. (pearltrees.com)
  • Summary: Astrocytoma, or pituicytoma, of the posterior pituitary is a relatively rare entity consisting of poorly characterized glial tumor cells. (ajnr.org)
  • The cellular composition of the neurohypophysis is that of specialized glial cells (pituicytes) together with their axons. (ajnr.org)
  • There were foci of eosinophilia, stellate cytoplasm, and occasional gemistocytic morphology, and many cells were positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). (ajnr.org)
  • The posterior pituitary, being part of the neurohypophysis, harbors specialized glial cells named "pituicytes. (ajnr.org)
  • They are modified glial cells of empendymal cell lineage located in the neurohypophysis and pituitary stalk. (ajnr.org)
  • We found that the mRNA and protein levels of inositol trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) were elevated in interleukin-stimulated primary human bronchial smooth muscle cells and a house dust mite-sensitized model of asthma. (bvsalud.org)
  • For example, cystic fibrosis is caused by a defective cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein, [3] and in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis / frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), certain gene-regulating proteins inappropriately aggregate in the cytoplasm, and thus are unable to perform their normal tasks within the nucleus. (wikipedia.org)
  • The GFAP gene provides instructions for making a protein called glial fibrillary acidic protein. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The tau protein exists as multiple protein isoforms in the adult human CNS, generated by alternative splicing of the MAPT gene. (researchsquare.com)
  • Together, they had been studying how the gene GFAP was regulated in mouse models. (wisc.edu)
  • The GFAP gene codes for a protein called GFAP, which stands for glial fibrillary acidic protein. (wisc.edu)
  • Together, they designed mice to overexpress the GFAP gene by adding extra copies to the mouse genome. (wisc.edu)
  • The fact that the only change they had made in the mice to cause them to have Rosenthal fibers was to add additional copies of the GFAP gene, led Messing and Brenner to suggest that some malfunction of the GFAP gene was what caused Alexander disease. (wisc.edu)
  • Further research has shown that an estimated 90% of AxD cases are caused by a mutation in the GFAP gene. (wisc.edu)
  • Thrombospondin 1, abbreviated as THBS1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the THBS1 gene. (pearltrees.com)
  • The expression of NSPC and astrocyte markers nestin and Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), respectively, was up- and down-regulated, respectively. (nih.gov)
  • They analyzed the blood samples to assess biomarkers of astrocyte reactivity, specifically glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), in combination with the presence of pathological tau. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • By incorporating astrocyte reactivity markers like GFAP into the diagnostic tests, the selection of individuals who are more likely to progress to later stages of Alzheimer's could be improved. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • GFAP is an intermediate filament protein and acts as an intracellular structural component of the cytoskeleton. (neuromics.com)
  • Dystrophin is part of a protein complex that connects the cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix. (frontiersin.org)
  • Many proteins in adhesion plaque such as integrin, cytoskeleton proteins, proteases, protein kinases, phosphatases take part in signal transferring by co-localizing with vinculin and talin [ 3 ]. (omicsonline.org)
  • Results of GFAP levels should preferably examined together with other brain injury markers such as NFL, Tau, NSE, and optionally S-100 beta amyloid. (svarlifescience.com)
  • DE caused upregulation (3 to 5-fold) of mRNA transcripts for matrix metalloproteinase 9 (Mmp9), claudins (Cldn1 and Cldn2), and Gfap (1.6-fold) in the OB, suggestive of altered blood-brain barrier integrity and reactive gliosis. (cdc.gov)
  • Messing wanted to study if the overexpression of GFAP resulted in a certain reactive response in the brain. (wisc.edu)
  • Messing was curious if the overexpression of GFAP would result in a similar reactive response and he needed Brenner's help in designing the study. (wisc.edu)
  • SummaryType III intermediate filament (IF) proteins assemble into cytoplasmic homopolymeric and heteropolymeric filaments with other type III and some type IV IFs. (knaw.nl)
  • And the internal surface has actin filaments such as talin, paxillin, vinculin, tensin and proteins that provide interactions between membrane receptor proteins [ 1 - 3 ]. (omicsonline.org)
  • It comprises three major filament systems-actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments-along with a host of adaptors, regulators, molecular motors, and additional structural proteins. (cshlpress.com)
  • The accumulation of amyloid plaques and tangled tau proteins in the brain has long been considered the primary cause of Alzheimer's disease (AD) . (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Two well-defined pathological hallmarks of AD have been described: the formation of extracellular amyloid plaques and the development of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) formed by aggregated hyperphosphorylated TAU protein [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Then Messing and Brenner's mice with extra copies of GFAP appeared with Rosenthal fibers. (wisc.edu)
  • In Alexander disease, the destruction of white matter in the brain is accompanied by the formation of fibrous protein deposits called Rosenthal fibers. (naset.org)
  • Other than water, the mesoglea is composed of several substances including fibrous proteins like collagen and heparan sulphate proteoglycans. (pearltrees.com)
  • There is the possibility that GFAP is not pathogenic, but just an unspecific biomarker of several heterogeneous CNS inflammations. (wikipedia.org)
  • Receptor dimerization and autophosphorylation attracts proteins containing Src homology 2 (SH2) or phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domains including adaptor proteins like FRS2 and GRB2. (springer.com)
  • There are specific receptor proteins like integrin on the external surface of focal attachments. (omicsonline.org)
  • The classic marker of AxD is the presence of abnormal protein clumps in the brain called Rosenthal fibers of which a main component is GFAP. (wisc.edu)
  • GFAP levels are altered in many neurodegenerative diseases. (svarlifescience.com)
  • There are multiple disorders associated with improper GFAP regulation and glial scarring is a consequence of several neurodegenerative conditions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hyperphosphorylated, insoluble aggregates composed of the microtubule associated protein tau define a group of clinically and pathologically diverse neurodegenerative diseases collectively called the tauopathies. (researchsquare.com)
  • The present study aimed to investigate the effects of changes in heat shock protein (HSP)90β expression and verify whether HSP90β regulates EAAT2 expression in a cerebral ischemia‑reperfusion injury model. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The relationships between significantly different radiomic features and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression were evaluated. (medscimonit.com)
  • GFAP protein expression was upregulated in trigeminal ganglia by SPS. (iasp-pain.org)
  • Despite the proposed role for nerve growth factor (NGF) in this sprouting, we observed no change in NGF mRNA or protein at several postlesion time points. (jneurosci.org)
  • An Illustration of the Laminin-111 complex depicting the domain organization Laminins are high-molecular weight (~400 to ~900 kDa) proteins of the extracellular matrix. (pearltrees.com)
  • SP600125 inhibited interleukin-1β-induced JNK activity and activator protein-1 activation, but it did not affect the activation of extracellular-regulated kinase, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and nuclear factor-κB. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Moreover, the Nogo-A-Δ20 domain promotes neuroblast migration toward the OB through activation of the Rho/ROCK (Rho-associated, coiled-coil containing protein kinase) pathway, without the participation of NgR1. (jneurosci.org)
  • Additionally, we detected increased levels of active glycogen synthase kinase 3 β, a physiological kinase of TAU, in neurons derived from AD iPSCs, as well as significant upregulation of amyloid precursor protein (APP) synthesis and APP carboxy-terminal fragment cleavage. (biomedcentral.com)
  • [13] [14] Because proteins share a common structural feature known as the polypeptide backbone, all proteins have the potential to misfold under some circumstances. (wikipedia.org)
  • For example, proteins that are normally unfolded or relatively unstable as monomers (that is, as single, unbound protein molecules) are more likely to misfold into an abnormal conformation. (wikipedia.org)
  • SP600125 inhibited platelet-derived growth factor-induced proliferation, inducible monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 production, and serum-induced type I collagen production. (aspetjournals.org)
  • This ELISA kit applies to the in vitro quantitative determination of Mouse GFAP concentrations in serum, plasma and other biological fluids. (elabscience.com)
  • Aim: To determine the ability of serum glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAp) and tau protein to predict neurological outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). (lu.se)
  • Conclusions: At 48 and 72 h, serum both GFAp and tau demonstrated excellent accuracy in predicting outcomes after OHCA but were not superior to NSE. (lu.se)
  • Samples were spiked with high concentrations of Mouse GFAP and diluted with Reference Standard & Sample Diluent to produce samples with values within the range of the assay. (elabscience.com)
  • Methods: We measured plasma concentrations of GFAp and tau of patients included in the previously published COMACARE trial (NCT02698917) on intensive care unit admission and at 24, 48, and 72 h after OHCA, and compared them to neuron specific enolase (NSE). (lu.se)
  • On this basis, we hypothesized that TBI leads to increases in the brain levels of clusterin protein, and consequently, increased plasma clusterin levels. (nature.com)
  • B) Depiction of glial cell activation in a brain biopsy sample of malacia. (cdc.gov)
  • This study] supports GFAP as a useful blood test to predict future progression to Alzheimer's disease in cognitively normal people who have amyloid buildup in the brain, which would be helpful for future clinical trials that select cohorts of patients at highest risk of developing Alzheimer's. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Increased levels of GFAP found in several brain research. (cdc.gov)
  • [15] However, only a relatively small number of proteins are linked to proteopathic disorders, possibly due to structural idiosyncrasies of the vulnerable proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • 3] They are composed of a family of related proteins sharing common structural and sequence features. (pearltrees.com)
  • The recovery of Mouse GFAP spiked at three different levels in samples throughout the range of the assay was evaluated in various matrices. (elabscience.com)
  • Immunohistochemical analysis showed decreased levels of rhodopsin and postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95) proteins and increased levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and calretinin in WNIN/GR-Ob rats compared with the age-matched lean controls, further supporting cellular stress/damage and retinal degeneration. (molvis.org)
  • Tau is present in the adult human CNS as multiple protein isoforms generated by alternative splicing, with either 0, 1 or 2 N-terminal inserts (0N, 1N, 2N) and either 3 or 4 C-terminal repeats (3R, 4R)(4). (researchsquare.com)
  • Alexander disease is also characterized by abnormal protein deposits known as Rosenthal fibers. (medlineplus.gov)
  • [9] However, some proteinaceous lesions lack birefringence and contain few or no classical amyloid fibrils, such as the diffuse deposits of amyloid beta (Aβ) protein in the brains of people with Alzheimer's. (wikipedia.org)
  • On the basis of these facts, it is understandable that the hypophyseal stalk or posterior pituitary can be a host to all the neoplastic processes that originate from the glial cell series. (ajnr.org)
  • Neurons from patients with fAD and patients with sAD showed increased phosphorylation of TAU protein at all investigated phosphorylation sites. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To our knowledge, this is the first study in which the hyperphosphorylation of TAU protein has been compared in fAD and sAD iPSC-derived neurons. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Seropositivity distinguishes autoimmune GFAP meningoencephalomyelitis from disorders commonly considered in the differential diagnosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Detection of GFAP-IgG in CSF by IFA and confirmation by GFAPα-CBA is recommended. (wikipedia.org)
  • Autoimmune GFAP Astrocytopathy is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system of the patient attacks a protein of the nervous system called glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). (wikipedia.org)
  • it is only a biomarker for the process of immune inflammation Currently, it is diagnosed by the presence of anti-GFAP autoantibodies in CNS. (wikipedia.org)
  • Here, we aimed to spatially characterise the human Parkinsonian nigro-striatal N- glycome, and related transcriptome/proteome, and its correlation with endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein response (UPR), providing a comprehensive characterisation of the PD molecular signature. (biorxiv.org)
  • A significant correlation was found between GFAP and T1-CE GLCM Entropy, as well as between GFAP and ADC GLCM Homogeneity. (medscimonit.com)
  • This kit recognizes Mouse GFAP in samples. (elabscience.com)
  • No significant cross-reactivity or interference between Mouse GFAP and analogues was observed. (elabscience.com)
  • The OD value is proportional to the concentration of Mouse GFAP. (elabscience.com)
  • You can calculate the concentration of Mouse GFAP in the samples by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve. (elabscience.com)
  • Intra-assay Precision (Precision within an assay): 3 samples with low, mid range and high level Mouse GFAP were tested 20 times on one plate, respectively. (elabscience.com)
  • Inter-assay Precision (Precision between assays): 3 samples with low, mid range and high level Mouse GFAP were tested on 3 different plates, 20 replicates in each plate. (elabscience.com)
  • In most, if not all proteinopathies, a change in the 3-dimensional folding conformation increases the tendency of a specific protein to bind to itself. (wikipedia.org)
  • Since the protein lacks enzymatic activities, it will be difficult to develop chemical compounds capable to directly and specifically modulate Sprouty functions. (springer.com)