• That's why Father Pacholczyk, director of education at the National Catholic Bioethics Center in Philadelphia, said that the efforts to help people understand the immorality of embryo reserch, including human cloning, must focus on humanizing the issue and appreciating our own embryonic origins, not just on the desired results of embryonic or other types of stem-cell research. (archstl.org)
  • The National Institutes of Health defines a human embryo as "the developing organism from the time of fertilization until the end of the eighth week of gestation. (archstl.org)
  • A little shot of electricity comes next, and if all goes well, a new human cloned embryo comes into being and begins to develop in the same way as a sexually created embryo. (cbc-network.org)
  • Cloning of a human being" means asexual reproduction by implanting or attempting to implant the product of nuclear transplantation [e.g., an embryo] into a uterus or substitute for a uterus with the purpose of producing a human being. (cbc-network.org)
  • It is also our view that there are no sound reasons for treating the early-stage human embryo or cloned human embryo as anything special, or as having moral status greater than human somatic cells in tissue culture. (wikiquote.org)
  • Canovas S, Ross PJ, Kelsey G, Coy P. DNA Methylation in Embryo Development: Epigenetic Impact of ART (Assisted Reproductive Technologies). (animal-reproduction.org)
  • Screening the porcine CHORI-242 BAC library with a full-length AKR1C4 cDNA identified 7 positive clones and sample sequencing of 5 BAC clones revealed 5 distinct AKR1C genes ( AKR1CL2 and AKR1C1 through 4 ), which mapped to 126-128 cM on SSC10. (biomedcentral.com)
  • an outbreak of porcine reproductive human leptospirosis. (cdc.gov)
  • 2014). "Virulence and genotype-associated infectivity of interferon-treated macrophages by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses" Virus Res 179: 204-211. (bioxcell.com)
  • Consequently, the aim of this study was to determine the impact of IFN-gamma (M1), IL-4 (M2) and IFN-beta activation of MPhi on the susceptibility to genotype 1 and 2 porcine reproductive respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus (PRRSV) strains varying in virulence. (bioxcell.com)
  • Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is a small, circular, single-stranded DNA virus that affects pigs worldwide and is economically important to the swine industry. (thepigsite.com)
  • To assess differences in semen shedding of distinct PCV2 strains, 15 Landrace boars were segregated early weaned from a farm free of porcine reproductive and respiratory virus (PRRSV) and swine influenza virus (SIV) and brought to an isolation facility at Iowa State University. (thepigsite.com)
  • Pigs have large litters, short gestation periods and organs comparable to humans. (er-journal.com)
  • This animal is a marsupial and whilst it has a very short gestation period, its young are born almost foetal-like and therefore require nursing in the mother's pouch for an extended period of time before reaching maturity [5]. (scienceblog.com)
  • The rate of pubertal development and weaning to estrus interval are correlated and affect reproductive efficiency of swine. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Because of their location in the swine genome and their implication in reproductive physiology, this gene cluster was characterized and evaluated for effects on reproductive traits in swine. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The estimated effects of AKR1C genotypes on these traits suggest that the SNPs are in incomplete linkage disequilibrium with the causal mutations that affect reproductive traits in swine. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is well established that trans-placental transmission of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) during mid-gestation can lead to persistently infected offspring. (bioxcell.com)
  • The Catholic Church has always held that stem-cell research and therapies are morally acceptable, as long as they don't involve the creation and destruction of human embryos. (archstl.org)
  • And now Washington joins the infamous list with Senate Bill 5594, a thoroughly disingenuous piece of legislation that purports to outlaw the cloning of human beings, but by manipulating language and redefining terms, actually permits human cloning and gestation of the resulting cloned embryos through the ninth month. (cbc-network.org)
  • Dean W, Santos F, Stojkovic M, Zakhartchenko V, Walter J, Wolf J, Reik W. Conservation of methylation reprogramming in mammalian development: aberrant reprogramming in cloned embryos. (animal-reproduction.org)
  • Further investigations are necessary to identify these mutations and understand how these AKR1C genes affect these important reproductive traits. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Developments in biotechnology have raised new concerns about animal welfare, as farm animals now have their genomes modified (genetically engineered) or copied (cloned) to propagate certain traits useful to agribusiness, such as meat yield or feed conversion. (wikiquote.org)
  • The low heritability and high individual variation of fertility traits have been crucial limitations to improving the reproductive performance of breeds, and typically the traits have been improved through crossbreeding with a prolific breed [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, even in late gestation, mechanisms still exist that maintain fetal growth when the size of the placenta is reduced. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Fold depth, and therefore the maternal fetal interactive surface, increases as gestation advances and is greater in placenta from small fetuses. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Producing cloned animals from somatic cells, and the subsequent excitement about stem cells, made that theory obsolete (again). (doctorsaredangerous.com)
  • The increasing life expectancy of humans has led to growing number of people with diseased organs. (er-journal.com)
  • Xenotransplantation is any procedure that involves the use of live cells, tissues or organs from a nonhuman source for transplantation, implantation or infusion into a human recipient. (er-journal.com)
  • The dream of transferring bodily organs from animals to humans goes back to antiquity, as articulated in the myth of Daedalus and Icarus in Greek mythology. (er-journal.com)
  • By the 17th century the possibility of transferring animal organs to humans came into practice with stumbling attempts to use animal blood for transfusions. (er-journal.com)
  • Similarly, clinical use of animal organs such as the transplantation of a rabbit kidney to humans was documented in 1905 (Nagarian 2003). (er-journal.com)
  • Advancing to the 20th century researchers were already attempting transplants of organs from baboons to humans. (er-journal.com)
  • They possess both male and female reproductive organs, although the female organs of one snail will normally mate with the male organs of another snail, i.e. sexual reproduction. (scienceblog.com)
  • Recently, transcriptomic analyses via RNA-seq and microarray analysis of different sheep reproductive organs have provided further insights into the gene expression landscapes of these tissues, and a few novel genes (e.g. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Plots of log fetal weight versus log placental weight also indicate that fetal weights are less sensitive to reduced placental weight (and therefore reduced intrauterine space) in early gestation compared to late gestation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Underlying anatomic or functional abnormalities in the fetal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis prevent the initiation of parturition and hence the end of gestation. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • It became a hot topic in 1996 when Dolly the sheep was cloned via a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer. (archstl.org)
  • The establishment of settlements in the Neolithic Revolution allowed the domestication of animals such as chickens, sheep, rabbits, pigs, and cattle. (wikipedia.org)
  • 1 Meat is sometimes also used in a more restrictive sense to mean the flesh of mammalian species (pigs, cattle, sheep, goats, etc.) raised and prepared for human consumption, to the exclusion of fish, other seafood, insects, poultry, or other animals. (wikipedia.org)
  • Toxoplasmosis in sheep has the greatest impact on humans [13] since people prefer to eat half-cooked lamb in some minorities of China [14]. (peertechzpublications.com)
  • In domestic sheep ( Ovis aries ), a large range of litter sizes (number of offspring from 1 to 9) has been observed among and within breeds, in contrast to several other domestic animal species in which females generally have either 1-2 (cattle, horses and goats) or more than 3 offspring (e.g., dogs and pigs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Nutrition is one of the most important environmental factors affecting reproductive performance in sheep. (biomedcentral.com)
  • There are now two ways to create new mammalian life, including humans. (cbc-network.org)
  • The second way to reproduce is a strictly human invention - known as "asexual" reproduction - or more commonly, cloning. (cbc-network.org)
  • This is junk biology since implanting isn't the act of asexual reproduction: SCNT cloning is. (cbc-network.org)
  • Then there are those species that are able to effectively create clones of themselves via asexual reproduction, such as stick insects. (scienceblog.com)
  • Quantitative trait loci (QTL) for age of puberty, nipple number and ovulation rate have been identified in Meishan crosses on pig chromosome 10q (SSC10) near the telomere, which is homologous to human chromosome 10p15 and contains an aldo-keto reductase (AKR) gene cluster with at least six family members. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The average canine gestation period from ovulation to birth (parturition) is approximately 64 days and there have been identified about 400 congenital disorders relating to dog development. (edu.au)
  • During reproductive processes, ovulation and follicle numbers are regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (HPG-axis) and involve sequential waves of endocrine events, including changes in progesterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 8. Kumar S, Tamura K, Nei M. MEGA3: late-term gestation in sows and We thank the Excmos Cabildos integrated software for Molecular Evolu- respiratory disease in pigs of all ages. (cdc.gov)
  • The study also found that male pigs (but not females) kept in the lower-quality conditions made fewer grunts compared with those housed in the enriched environment, suggesting greater susceptibility among male pigs to environmental factors. (vetscite.org)
  • Other recent studies verified the presence of PAPP-A mRNA in granulosa cells of humans, monkeys, cattle, mice, and pigs. (bioone.org)
  • The focus of this chapter is on true pathologic prolonged gestation, which in cattle commonly exceeds 11 months and can reach 15 months (6 months post-term). (merckvetmanual.com)
  • Devos J, Behrouzi A, Paradis F, Straathof C, Li C, Colazo M, Block H, Fitzsimmons C. Genetic potential for residual feed intake and diet fed during early- to mid-gestation influences post-natal DNA methylation of imprinted genes in muscle and liver tissues in beef cattle. (animal-reproduction.org)
  • Transition period and subclinical ketosis in dairy cattle: association with milk production, metabolic and reproductive disorders and economic aspects. (sciendo.com)
  • and to analyze the response to estrus, percentage of gestation and prolificity a ji squared test was performed. (bvsalud.org)
  • Feed intake, estrus response, percentage of gestation, antioxidant capacity, and glucose and insulin concentration were not affected by the treatment. (bvsalud.org)
  • This is congruent with adding an estrus cycle length (21 days) to the normal gestation length before calling it true prolonged gestation due to the problem of inaccurate service date recording, assuming the cow conceived at the last recorded service, and hence inaccurate gestation length calculation. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • Historically, the rabbit was an important model in reproductive endocrinology. (koucif.online)
  • A blastocyst (cloned or not), because it lacks any trace of a nervous system, has no capacity for suffering or conscious experience in any form - the special properties that, in our view, spell the difference between biological tissue and a human life worthy of respect and rights. (wikiquote.org)
  • In this regard, emerging technologies of chimeric human organ production via blastocyst complementation (BC) holds great promise. (frontiersin.org)
  • Rabbits are also a source of Toxoplasma infection in humans [17]. (peertechzpublications.com)
  • The Rh system was discovered in 1940 when Landsteiner and Weiner performed their landmark experiments wherein rhesus monkey erythrocytes were injected into rabbits and guinea pigs. (medscape.com)
  • The rapid advances of artificial reproductive technology [1] (ART) in the field of medical science provides increasing options to couples and individuals yearning to conceive a genetically related child. (wehavins.com)
  • Fetomaternal hemorrhages have been demonstrated to occur in as many as 75% of pregnancies, with the frequency increasing as gestation advances and with most cases occurring during delivery. (medscape.com)
  • Pig conceptuses are fructogenic, such that a substantial portion of glucose transferred from mother to fetus is converted to fructose. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Further elucidation of mechanisms of placental morphogenesis and solute transport could provide clues to improving nutrient transport to the pig fetus, potentially increasing litter size and piglet birth weights. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The fetus may be viable or nonviable depending on the cause of prolonged gestation. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • In the case of asexually creating a human, the biotechnologist removes the nucleus from a mature human egg (an oocyte). (cbc-network.org)
  • The dormancy of primordial oocytes may be required to reserve the non-growing oocyte pool for the long reproductive life in mammals. (go.jp)
  • The genetically modified egg now has 46 chromosomes, the full human compliment. (cbc-network.org)
  • The pig had been genetically edited to avoid the human intolerable sugar and immune system attack.For this procedure, the researchers had kept a diseased woman's body on a ventilator after her family had agreed to the experiment. (er-journal.com)
  • Chinese surgeons'search for allotransplants have yielded successful results in the use of genetically engineered pig corneas to restore sight (Chang Ho Yoon et al 2021). (er-journal.com)
  • In biology , cloning is the process of producing similar populations of genetically identical individuals that occurs in nature when organisms such as bacteria , insects or plants reproduce asexually . (wikiquote.org)
  • Xenotransfusion of blood from lambs to humans were recorded as far back as 1667 (Aristizabal et al 2017). (er-journal.com)
  • We observed that maternal infection at day 4 or day 17 of gestation had little effect on pregnancy outcome, whereas infection at day 10 affected dams and/or offspring. (mdm2-receptor.com)
  • Recently, we found that primordial follicles in mature cows and prepubertal pigs took longer to initiate growth in xenografts compared with those in neonatal animals. (go.jp)
  • Elephants live in small family groups led by old females (cows) and Gestation is the longest of any mammal (18-22 months). (upscpathshala.com)
  • Effect of pre-and postpartum supplementation with lipid-encapsulated conjugated linoleic acid on reproductive performance and the growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor-I axis in multiparous high-producing dairy cows. (sciendo.com)
  • 2020). Efficacy of Different Drenching Regimens of Gluconeogenic Precursors during Transition Period on Body Condition Score, Production, Reproductive Performance, Subclinical Ketosis and Economics of Dairy Cows. (sciendo.com)
  • The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) recommends administering Rhesus immunoglobulin to Rh-negative patients with any event in pregnancy that increases risk of fetomaternal hemorrhage and at 28 weeks' gestation. (medscape.com)
  • The spiny mouse ( Acomys cahirinus ), from Northeast Africa, is a murine rodent with a small litter size and a relatively long gestation. (koucif.online)
  • They are actually talking about the "fertility," the reproductive growth capacity, of the yeasts. (doctorsaredangerous.com)
  • Free is not forcibly drugged with Pesticide PZP made from slaughterhouse pig ovaries or any other form of fertility control. (protectmustangs.org)
  • To take human organ generation via BC and transplantation to the next step, we reviewed current emerging organ generation technologies and the associated efficiency of chimera formation in human cells from the standpoint of developmental biology. (frontiersin.org)
  • In the human, an aldo-keto reductase (AKR) gene family (AKR1C) has been identified near the telomere on chromosome 10p15 that contains at least six aldo-keto reductase family 1, member C genes [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Given that we have an efficiency of 1% cloning for livestock species and if only one in a thousand cells are viable then around 100,000 cells would need to be transferred. (wikiquote.org)
  • However, they were unable to say whether this led to reproductive failure following artificial insemination. (thepigsite.com)
  • Assisted reproductive techniques for canines: preservation of genetic material in domestic dogs [3] "Assisted reproductive techniques (ARTs), such as artificial insemination, in vitro fertilization, and cryopreservation of gametes/zygotes, have been developed to improve breeding and reproduction of livestock and for the treatment of human infertility. (edu.au)
  • Although neither the U.S. Supreme Court nor the federal circuit courts [16] have yet to decide a case involving a states ability to restrict or otherwise regulate ART, and whether such regulation would pass muster under the Constitution, arguably a persons right to use artificial reproductive technologies to procreate is rooted in the Constitution. (wehavins.com)
  • In addition to low success rates, cloned animals tend to have more compromised immune function and higher rates of infection, tumor growth, and other disorders. (wikiquote.org)
  • to determine if PCR-positive PCV2 semen causes PCV2 infection or reproductive failure when used to inseminate PCV2 negative gilts. (thepigsite.com)
  • Human infection is usually asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals and may remain for life, but in immunocompromised persons, the infection might be fatal [2]. (peertechzpublications.com)
  • Humans get the infection through ingestion of bradyzoites present in undercooked meat, raw milk, or oocysts present in foods or water sources contaminated with feces of domestic cats, or even in marine mollusks due to the accumulation of oocysts when soil contaminated with T.gondii flows into the ocean [9-11]. (peertechzpublications.com)
  • Research has shown that pigs raised on indoor farms have a lower risk of Toxoplasma infection compared to outdoor farms (Table 1) [12]. (peertechzpublications.com)
  • The grunts made by pigs vary depending on the pig's personality and can convey important information about the welfare of this highly social species, new research has found. (vetscite.org)
  • Understanding how the vocalisations of pigs' relate to their personality will also help animal behaviourists and welfare experts have a clearer picture of the impact those personalities have on communication, and thus its role in the evolution of social behaviour and group dynamics in social species. (vetscite.org)
  • More than 90% of cloning attempts fail to produce viable offspring. (wikiquote.org)
  • More than 100 nuclear transfer procedures could be required to produce one viable clone. (wikiquote.org)
  • From a cell in adult ewe's mammary gland, Wilmot and his colleagues managed to create a frisky lamb named Dolly, scoring an advance in reproductive technology as unsettling as it was startling (Anibeze 2007).Unlike offspring produced in the usual fashion, Dolly does not merely take after her biological mother, she is indeed a carbon copy, a laboratory counterfeit so exact that she is indeed her mother/s identical twin. (er-journal.com)
  • Positive Eugenics the preferential breeding of so-called superior individuals in order to improve the genetic stock of the human race. (ewtn.com)
  • The poultry sector is noted to make a considerable contribution to global nutrition and food security, which helps in the provision of cheap protein, essential micronutrients, and energy to humans ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Poultry, owing to their short production cycles and having the potential of converting wide ranges of agricultural food waste and by-products into eggs and meat edible for humans. (frontiersin.org)
  • At that point - and this is important to understand - there is no more cloning to be done since a new human organism now exists. (cbc-network.org)
  • If the cloned human organism is to be experimented upon and destroyed, the process is often called "therapeutic cloning. (cbc-network.org)
  • If the authors of this bill really meant what they appear to have written, their legislation would ban all human cloning, since as we have seen, biologically, a new human organism, that is, a new human being, comes into existence with the completion of SCNT. (cbc-network.org)
  • Or to put it the other way around, cloning, not implantation, is what produces a new and distinct human organism. (cbc-network.org)
  • Talking about the "aging" of a single-celled organism such as yeast, and drawing conclusions about the aging of multicellular organisms and humans, from events in the life of yeast, is meaningful only to people who subscribe to the Hayflick doctrine, and who deny the reality of stem cells in mammals and other complex organisms. (doctorsaredangerous.com)
  • Cloning in biotechnology refers to processes used to create copies of DNA fragments ( molecular cloning ), cells (cell cloning), or organisms . (wikiquote.org)
  • As in higher organisms, stress can accelerate the reproductive process in yeast. (doctorsaredangerous.com)
  • It defines the term "cloning of a human being" inaccurately. (cbc-network.org)
  • Humans have hunted, farmed, and scavenged other animals for meat since prehistoric times. (wikipedia.org)
  • 9 Goats are among the earliest animals domesticated by humans. (wikipedia.org)
  • These tests were repeated two weeks later, allowing the researchers to determine if the pigs' responses were repeatable - the defining characteristic of personality (also known as 'coping style' in animals). (vetscite.org)
  • The study indicated that pigs with more proactive personality types produced grunts at a higher rate than the more reactive animals. (vetscite.org)
  • Three stages in the life cycle of T.gondii may invade humans and animals. (peertechzpublications.com)
  • It is the policy of Washington state that research involving the derivation and use of human embryonic stem cells, human embryonic germ cells, and human adult stem cells from any source, including somatic cell nuclear transplantation , is permitted upon full consideration of the ethical and medical implications of this research. (cbc-network.org)
  • your supposed cloning ban actually authorizes human cloning, implantation, and gestation through the ninth month. (cbc-network.org)
  • That is what New Jersey legislators did when they passed and then Governor James McGreevey signed S-1909 last year, a law that was sold to the public as outlawing human cloning but which actually permits the creation of cloned human life, and its implantation and gestation up to and including the very moment prior to the emergence of the cloned baby from the birth canal. (cbc-network.org)
  • A decade later, cloning came to the forefront in Missouri with the narrow passage of Amendment 2, a ballot initiative in 2006 that constitutionally protects embryonic stem-cell research and human cloning. (archstl.org)
  • Yeasts adapt their reproductive strategy to the perceived adequacy of their environment. (doctorsaredangerous.com)
  • Their rapid succession of generations allows them to adapt much more quickly than us, their human hosts. (scienceblog.com)
  • Does intake exceed the threshold for human intake? (inchem.org)
  • The threshold for human intake is 1800 mg/person per day for class I and 540 mg/person per day for class II. (inchem.org)
  • catheterization: The process of increasing human as a carpal of congestive serum of same Synchrony. (siriuspixels.com)
  • The shortest gestation period known currently for a mammal on earth is 12 days for the opossum. (scienceblog.com)
  • Clearly, a pig uterus that can support ten 2 kg fetuses has greater uterine capacity than a pig uterus that can support ten 1 kg fetuses. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We demonstrate that recombinant LHCGR proteins which include the hormone-binding domain are secreted from transfected cells and that natural LHCGR is also secreted from human placental explants. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Similarly cultured human early pregnancy placental explants also released LHCGR via microvesicles. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This protease activity has recently been ascribed to serine metalloprotease(s), including pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), which was first detected in human follicular fluid nearly 20 yr ago. (bioone.org)
  • Unlike mouse and rat, therefore, this is a model that might be appropriate for studying the events of late human pregnancy. (koucif.online)
  • Claims that you could clone individual treatments of human beings to treat common diseases like diabetes, suggests you need a huge supply of human eggs. (wikiquote.org)
  • Gestation in horses is seasonal and lasts around 330 to 340 days. (ivis.org)
  • CD1 outbred female mice were infected by the oral route with coxsackievirus B4 strain E2 or mock-infected at days 4, 10, or 17 of gestation. (mdm2-receptor.com)
  • You can clone a dog that has been dead for fewer than five days, too, as long as you wrap its body in wet towels and place it in a refrigerator, which keeps it from drying out before getting to the vet. (wikiquote.org)
  • The objective was to evaluate the antioxidant capacity, glucose and insulin concentration and reproductive performance of ewes supplemented with orange residue prior to insemination. (bvsalud.org)
  • The number of living conceptuses that the uterus is capable of supporting is greater during early gestation compared to later gestation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The number of piglets that can be supported by the uterus during gestation until farrowing if the number of potential fetuses is not limiting, is a common definition [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • If it is to be brought to birth, the process is usually called "reproductive cloning. (cbc-network.org)
  • While stem-cell research holds enormous potential for treating or even curing some diseases, the cloning of a human being is morally and ethically unacceptable…Any attempt to clone a human being is in direct conflict with the public policies of this state. (cbc-network.org)
  • But it is important to understand these are not different types of cloning. (cbc-network.org)
  • The underlying pathophysiology of prolonged gestation is a defective hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which prevents the initiation of parturition and hence the end of gestation. (merckvetmanual.com)