Germline antibody segments. Medical search. Frequent questions

Simplified monoclonal antibodies can be produced by fusing a VHH or nanobody, derived from camelid heavy-chain-only antibodies to the Fc domain of either IgG (VHH-IgG), IgA (VHH-IgA), or IgY (VHH-IgY). (bvsalud.org)
Recent studies using cloned antigen-specific T lymphocytes and monoclonal antibodies directed at their various surface glycoprotein components have led to identification of the human T cell antigen receptor as a surface complex comprised of a clonotypic 90 kDa Ti heterodimer and the invariant 20 and 25 kDa T3 molecules. (ox.ac.uk)
In contrast, the stem region of HA, formed mostly by the HA2 subunit, is relatively conserved among different influenza A subtypes [19] and indeed could represent an universal target for the development of cross-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. (distantreader.org)
Two classes of EMA-approved IL-6 inhibitors exist: anti-IL-6 receptor monoclonal antibodies (e.g., sarilumab, tocilizumab) and Rabbit polyclonal to GPR143 anti-IL-6 Thrombin Inhibitor 2 monoclonal antibodies (siltuximab). (nostradamus2018.com)

The variable (V), joining (J), diversity (D) and constant (C) gene segments are also identified thanks to our manually-curated germline databases (Fig. 1). (pipebio.com)
Comparison of the SNV-42 paratope encoding variable genes with inferred germline gene segments reveals high sequence conservation, suggesting that germline-encoded antibodies inhibit SNV. (ox.ac.uk)
TdT generates antigen receptor diversity by synthesizing non-germ line elements (N-regions) at the junctions of rearranged Ig heavy chain and T cell receptor gene segments. (apoptosises.com)
Multiple VH gene segments encode murine antistreptococcal antibodies. (silverchair.com)
In particular, we report that, (a) multiple, closely homologous VH gene segments contribute to the generation of anti-GAC antibodies, (b) a common framework sequence, related to the VK27 subgroup, probably defines VK1GAC, and (c) the A/J anti-GAC VH regions and BALB/c anti-inulin VH sequences are 95% homologous at the protein level and are likely encoded by overlapping VH gene families. (silverchair.com)
Lastly, we discuss the genetic mechanisms that might permit the evolution of multiple, closely homologous germline VH gene segments in the context of highly divergent flanking region sequences. (silverchair.com)
Each local alignment is then refined by a more careful alignment comparison to the germline gene segments from species specified in the detection settings. (labkey.org)
cell IgH chains is limited as has been seen in fetal humans and mice but lacks bias in the gene segments used to encode the variable domains. (cell-metabolism.com)
Family VH1 is composed of 24 V gene segments of which 5 are pseudogenes. (cell-metabolism.com)
You will find 122 V genes divided into seven families in the Igκ locus and 64 V gene segments (+)-JQ1 divided into four families in the Igλ locus. (cell-metabolism.com)
and (3) the Gene Rearrangement Theory, which holds that antibody diversity is generated by the rearrangement of IMMUNOGLOBULIN VARIABLE REGION gene segments during the differentiation of the ANTIBODY-PRODUCING CELLS. (bvsalud.org)

PipeBio's sequence viewer displaying the CDRs, framework regions and germline genes identified by the annotation pipeline. (pipebio.com)
A high quality whole genome sequence is available and the content and business of their germ-line T cell receptor (TCR) and Ig genes LIMD1 antibody has been established [19]-[21]. (cell-metabolism.com)
The higher level of germline diversity in Ig light chain genes appears to be common across a broad spectrum of marsupials and has lead to speculation that light chains contribute more to antibody diversity than (+)-JQ1 do heavy chains in this lineage [27]. (cell-metabolism.com)
In SM, which is the dominant means of secondary alteration of variable region gene sequences in humans and mice, mutations are introduced in the Ig variable region genes at a tremendous rate, which allows for evolution of high affinity antibodies ( 2 ). (silverchair.com)
In CSR, to diversify the effector function of specific antibodies, recombination occurs within the downstream portion of the IgH locus to join variable region genes with different constant (C H ) region genes ( 4 ). (silverchair.com)
The two forms were equally immunogenic, but only the latter elicited neutralizing antibodies by stimulating a more restricted expansion of B cells to a narrower set of IGH/IGK/IGL-V genes that represented a small fraction (0.003-0.02%) of total B cells. (plos.org)
To test the basis for defects in patterning, genes required for segment formation in the Drosophila embryo were examined. (sdbonline.org)
the primary pair-rule genes even-skipped, hairy and runt , and the segment polarity genes wingless and engrailed were examined in embryos lacking germline and zygotic dri function. (sdbonline.org)
Most of these genes are expressed normally with respect to their role in segment formation. (sdbonline.org)

This work provides a molecular-level blueprint for understanding the human neutralizing antibody response to hantavirus infection. (ox.ac.uk)

The affinity matured starting antibody has a higher binding specificity and affinity than the target antigen. (patentpc.com)
PipeBio's annotation pipeline is an extremely powerful and configurable tool to precisely analyze various kinds of antibody sequences and identify liabilities that impact the antibody's affinity and specificity to its target. (pipebio.com)

Engineered mutations to the 10E8 paratope at light-chain solvent-exposed residues that add positive charge or hydrophobic sidechains proved to increase antibody association to anionic phospholipid vesicles in vitro and also boosted neutralization potency 27 . (elifesciences.org)
Somatic hypermutations (or SHMs) increase antibody diversity and are essential for the adaptation of the immune system against new foreign elements. (pipebio.com)

Phage display has produced antibodies that can neutralize toxins, counteract autoimmune diseases, and cure some metastatic cancers. (chemistryviews.org)
When antibodies bind antigens, they can neutralize pathogens, mark them for phagocytosis, or activate the complement cascade. (openstax.org)
In this study, we describe a human monoclonal antibody (PN-SIA49) that recognizes a highly conserved epitope located on the stem region of the HA and able to neutralize a broad spectrum of influenza viruses belonging to different subtypes (H1, H2 and H5). (distantreader.org)

In the process of engaging the antigen, antibodies complementarity-determining regions (CDR) may need to navigate interactions with or concealment by lipid molecules. (elifesciences.org)

SM introduces mutations, small deletions, and insertions at a high rate in a ∼2 kb region downstream of the Ig promoter, altering the specificities of the encoded antibodies ( 2 ). (silverchair.com)

What is important to understand is that antibodies are antigen-specific. (openstax.org)

If germline data for the query's species of origin does not exist or is incomplete in the resource files contained in CoreAb, other, more complete, germline gene data sets from other species can be used to identify homologous regions. (labkey.org)

A potent class of HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) targets the envelope glycoprotein's membrane proximal exposed region (MPER) through a proposed mechanism where hypervariable loops embed into lipid bilayers and engage headgroup moieties alongside the epitope. (elifesciences.org)
The work provides insights into how broadly neutralizing antibodies associate with lipids proximal to membrane-associated epitopes to drive neutralization. (elifesciences.org)
We sought to address this phenomenon for broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) 4E10, PGZL1, 10E8, and LN01 of unique lineages which all target the semi-concealed membrane-proximal epitope region (MPER) 13 - 16 of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env). (elifesciences.org)
Broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies (bNAbs) isolated from infected subjects display protective potential in animal models. (plos.org)
Broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies (bNAbs) display protective potentials against experimental animal infection and thus are believed to be a key component of an effective HIV vaccine. (plos.org)

Immunoglobulin M (IgM) is one of several isotypes of antibody (also known as immunoglobulin) that are produced by vertebrates. (wikipedia.org)

Both the alpha and delta loci include V (variable), J (joining), and C (constant) segments and the delta locus also includes diversity (D) segments. (genetex.com)
We have used protein and DNA sequencing strategies to examine the genetic basis of diversity in murine anti-GAC antibodies. (silverchair.com)
Newborn light chain diversity is from the start comparable to that of the adult consistent with an earlier hypothesis that (+)-JQ1 light chains contribute extensively to antibody diversity in this species. (cell-metabolism.com)

This valuable study reports multi-scale molecular dynamics simulations to investigate a class of highly potent antibodies that simultaneously engage with the HIV-1 Envelope trimer and the viral membrane. (elifesciences.org)
A potent antibody response is key for recovery from hantavirus infection. (ox.ac.uk)

Cycles of mutation and selection then led to the evolution of useful antibodies for the desired application. (chemistryviews.org)
While seasonal outbreaks are associated with mutation of the haemagglutinin (HA) protein on the viral surface to escape neutralization by antibodies generated in previous exposures, pandemics result from the introduction of completely new viruses into populations, where there is little pre-existing immunity to that virus 2 . (nature.com)
Later in B cell development, usually after antigen-dependent activation of B cells, the genetic alteration processes of somatic mutation (SM), class switch recombination (CSR), and gene conversion further diversify the antigen-recognition repertoire as well as the effector function of encoded antibodies. (silverchair.com)
MEN 2a is caused by a germline mutation of the Ret proto-oncogene on chromosome 10. (medscape.com)
3] Germline mutation of HRPT2 localized on chromosome arm 1q is responsible for HPT-JT, while FIHPT is genetically heterogeneous. (medscape.com)

The HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) is the sole viral target of bnAbs, but is also targeted by binding, non-neutralizing antibodies. (plos.org)
Env-based immunogens tested so far in various animal species and humans have elicited binding and autologous neutralizing antibodies but not bNAbs (with a few notable exceptions). (plos.org)

This document describes methods for affinity maturation of antibodies and fragments of them based on structure/activity relation (SAR). (patentpc.com)
This method entails affinity maturation of a portion of a first or secondary antibody for a target protein. (patentpc.com)
Within germinal centers, antibodies with high affinity for antigen are then selected, while low-affinity antibodies are weeded out in a process termed affinity maturation. (silverchair.com)

Antibodies could then be used to identify known proteins among the products and figure out the function of the unknown gene. (chemistryviews.org)
Winter joined the genetic information for an antibody to the gene for one of the phage's capsule proteins. (chemistryviews.org)
He built a library of phages with billions of varieties of antibodies on their surfaces and selected those that bound to certain target proteins. (chemistryviews.org)
The modeling platform developed here uncovers insights into lipid participation in antibodies' recognition of membrane proteins and highlights antibody features to prioritize in vaccine design. (elifesciences.org)
Antibodies can target epitopes on integral membrane proteins very near to the lipid bilayer surface, even those partially embedded within the headgroup region. (elifesciences.org)
Antibodies , also known as immunoglobulins, are proteins produced and secreted by plasma cells (differentiated B lymphocytes) that mediate the humoral immune response. (openstax.org)
Antibodies are Y-shaped proteins consisting of four polypeptides with at least two binding sites for a specific antigen. (openstax.org)

The alpha chain is synthesized by recombination joining a single V segment with a J segment. (genetex.com)
Recombination of many different V segments with several J segments provides a wide range of antigen recognition. (genetex.com)
Early in their development, B cells in the bone marrow undergo V(D)J recombination to juxtapose variable region V, D, and J segments in different combinations, creating a large repertoire of antibodies ( 1 ). (silverchair.com)

One example of this method is to produce a plurality modified antibodies by producing nucleic acids molecules that encode modified forms or light chains of the first antibody. (patentpc.com)

humoral antibodies. (what-when-how.com)
The humoral immune response plays an important role in the defense against these viruses, providing protection mainly by producing antibodies directed against the hemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein. (distantreader.org)

The light chain (λ or κ) is a protein of ~220 amino acids, composed of a variable domain, VL (a segment of approximately 110 amino acids), and a constant domain, CL (also approximately 110 amino acids long). (wikipedia.org)
The method also compares the amino acids sequences of the variable heavy and variable light chains of the first antibody to those of the corresponding variable heavy or variable light chains of the related antibody. (patentpc.com)
This is where the target region refers to a portion of the first antibody that has at least one amino acids difference from the same area in the related antibody. (patentpc.com)
Bonds between the cysteine amino acids in the antibody molecule attach the polypeptides to each other. (openstax.org)

Emerging cancer risks in BRCA2 pathogenic germline variant carriers. (cdc.gov)
From the paper: 'Carriers of pathogenic germline variants (PGV) in BRCA2 could soon be offered gastric cancer screening using gastroscopy. (cdc.gov)

cells are activated by interaction with antigens and obtain T indicated that the cell lines representing a defined cell help, they mature into terminally differentiated plasma stage generally presented a high similarity in over- cells secreting large amounts of antibodies [10 -12]. (lu.se)

This region represents the germline organization of the T cell receptor alpha and delta loci. (genetex.com)

Numerous monoclonal therapeutic and diagnostic monoclonal antibody (MAbs), are used in clinical settings to diagnose and treat human diseases such as cancer and autoimmune disorders. (patentpc.com)

The customizable scaffold system allows annotation of traditional and custom sequence regions with a wide variety of germlines, annotation definitions and liabilities to choose from. (pipebio.com)
We examine sequence modifications in multiple regions to guarantee the integrity of an antibody (Fig. 4). (pipebio.com)
To generate an alignment for variable regions, the PSSM-matched sub-sequence is aligned to both germline V-segments and J-segments and these results are combined to synthesize an alignment for the entire variable region. (labkey.org)
If, after the variable and constant regions have been detected, there remains an N-terminal portion of the query sequence that is unmatched, the N-terminal portion is aligned to germline leaders from the specified germline gene sets and also to user-specified SeqPart sequences which have been provided to the detector. (labkey.org)

The accurate annotation, definition and characterization of antibody sequences is a crucial step in antibody drug discovery with direct consequences in the final stages of the development process. (pipebio.com)
PipeBio's annotation engine is able to efficiently detect and label CDRs and framework regions in antibody sequences from both the heavy and light (kappa and lambda) chains. (pipebio.com)
One of the most powerful and advantageous characteristics of our annotation tool is its ability to detect a wide range of liabilities in the sequences that can affect the binding of the antibody with the relevant antigen. (pipebio.com)
This topic describes the methodology developed by Just-Evotec Biologics, Inc for the structural alignment and classification of full sequences from antibodies and antibody-like structures using the Antibody Structural Numbering system (ASN). (labkey.org)
The CoreAb Java library (developed at Just - Evotec Biologics) contains algorithms for the classification and alignment of antibodies and antibody-like sequences. (labkey.org)
The germline sequences are stored as ASN-aligned so that the resulting region alignments are also ASN-aligned. (labkey.org)

The researchers have taken control of evolution and used it to produce enzymes that can manufacture, e.g., biofuels or pharmaceuticals, as well as antibodies that can combat, e.g., autoimmune diseases or cancer. (chemistryviews.org)

It is important to design antibodies that can be used in therapeutic applications. (patentpc.com)
This trend will be attributable to eh increasing uptake of genome editing method for the therapeutic development and germline modifications. (sbwire.com)
High throughput kinetics facilitates robust selection of candidate antibodies with binding profiles better aligned to specific therapeutic objectives. (carterra-bio.com)

These recombinant antibodies are encoded by a single gene and their production can be easily scaled up in plants. (bvsalud.org)
The FeLV-Pco virus was closely related to the domestic cat exogenous FeLV-A subgroup in lacking recombinant segments derived from endogenous FeLV. (cdc.gov)
We report that the variable domains of recombinant HIV-1 Env immunogens activate a large number of B cell clones that give rise to many non-neutralizing antibodies, and that removing the variable domains from the immunogen reduces the number of activated B cell lineages and leads to the development of autologous neutralizing antibodies, a step towards bNAb-production. (plos.org)

A better understanding of how antibodies develop membrane affinity and target membrane-proximal epitopes would be impactful for antibody therapeutics, auto-immunity, and vaccine development 10 - 12 . (elifesciences.org)

Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of TdT from Human. (apoptosises.com)
Description: A Rabbit Polyclonal antibody against TdT from Human. (apoptosises.com)

mostly by employing serologic methodologies and monoclonal antibody isolation and characterization. (plos.org)

In germ-line B cells, the variable region of the light chain gene has 40 variable (V) and five joining (J) segments. (openstax.org)
Figure 33.22 (a) As a germ-line B cell matures, an enzyme called DNA recombinase randomly excises V and J segments from the light chain gene. (openstax.org)
Families VH2 and VH3 each contain a single (+)-JQ1 functional gene segment however VH3 is usually atypical in that it is germ-line joined to a DH segment and is the only known germ-line joined VH gene found in mammals. (cell-metabolism.com)

germline segments for the nucleic acids molecule encoding variable light chain of first antibody. (patentpc.com)
An antibody molecule is comprised of four polypeptides: two identical heavy chains (large peptide units) that are partially bound to each other in a "Y" formation, which are flanked by two identical light chains (small peptide units), as illustrated in Figure 33.22 . (openstax.org)

Ancillary protein-lipid contacts reveal surprising contributions from antibody framework regions. (elifesciences.org)

for the phage display of peptides and antibodies. (chemistryviews.org)

Here we will list and briefly describe some of the different validations and liabilities that can be incorporated in your analysis using PipeBio to optimize the developability of antibodies. (pipebio.com)

We provide germline databases for human, mouse, alpaca, rat, rabbit and chicken, and can easily generate databases for other species not mentioned. (pipebio.com)

Thus, efficient and exact annotation tools are needed to ensure the developability [1] of antibodies and decrease the risk of producing non-effective therapeutics. (pipebio.com)

The alpha and beta subunits of Ti bear no precursor-product relationship to one another and are encoded by separate germline V, D, J and C segments which rearrange during intrathymic differentiation to form an active gene set. (ox.ac.uk)

For both chains, the C segment is later joined by splicing at the RNA level. (genetex.com)
Five variable segments can be used in either alpha or delta chains and are described by TRAV/DV symbols. (genetex.com)
This means that the related antibody contains a related varible heavy chain, or a comparable variable light chains. (patentpc.com)
Once a target area has been identified, modified antibodies are made that contain a variable heavy and variable light chains, or a portion thereof. (patentpc.com)

The first step in the classification process is the detection of antibody variable and constant regions specified in the detection settings. (labkey.org)
Resulting germline-aligned regions are subjected to minimum percent identity thresholds which can be specified in the detection settings. (labkey.org)

FACS analysis of positive PEER cells (left and middle panel) or negative control Jurkat cells (right panel) using GTX79232 TCR V delta 1 antibody [TS8.2]. (genetex.com)
B-cells producing antibodies targeting host membranes are downregulated in healthy organisms 1 - 4 . (elifesciences.org)
antibodies that are secreted by B cells. (what-when-how.com)
Of relevance to possible germline gene transfer, there is a lack of RDR expression on male or female germ cells. (appliedbioinfo.com)
Although the genome-wide histone modification landscapes of mouse in vivo germ cells and in vitro PGCLCs have been profiled and several germline-specific properties of epigenetic reprogramming have been revealed, the study of genome-scale chromatin states in human FGCs is still challenging, due to the scarcity of materials and technical difficulties. (nature.com)

Nonetheless, in cases of chronic inflammation and infection as in HIV, rare antibodies with lipid affinity can emerge 5 - 8 . (elifesciences.org)
Here we study a highly neutralizing human monoclonal antibody, termed SNV-42, which was derived from a memory B cell isolated from an individual with previous Sin Nombre virus (SNV) infection. (ox.ac.uk)
Following HIV-1 infection, serum neutralizing antibody responses against the evolving autologous viral swarm are generated by the vast majority of infected subjects, usually within the first few months of infection [ 1 - 6 ]. (plos.org)
In 10-30% of infected subjects, antibodies capable of neutralizing not only the autologous virus but also heterologous viruses are generated, usually following several years of infection [ 2 , 5 , 7 - 13 ]. (plos.org)

Previously, antibodies for pharmaceutical applications had been produced in mice, which limited their usefulness. (chemistryviews.org)
Burioni, Roberto title: A Non-VH1-69 Heterosubtypic Neutralizing Human Monoclonal Antibody Protects Mice against H1N1 and H5N1 Viruses date: 2012-04-04 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034415 sha: 6b51562f63de5739f2b7ebf5f9c34365ac6ee545 doc_id: 807 cord_uid: fcffl6m4 Influenza viruses are among the most important human pathogens and are responsible for annual epidemics and sporadic, potentially devastating pandemics. (distantreader.org)

The delta locus is situated within the alpha locus, between the alpha V and J segments. (genetex.com)
Several V and J segments of the alpha locus are known to be incapable of encoding a protein and are considered pseudogenes. (genetex.com)

A target region within the variable light chain or heavy chain of the first antibody is then identified. (patentpc.com)
Each modified antibody contains at least one variable heavy or variable light-chain in its target region. (patentpc.com)
The areas where the antigen is recognized on the antibody are variable domains. (openstax.org)
For heavy variable regions, the germine D-segments are aligned to the residues between the V-segment match and the J-segment match. (labkey.org)
1. Identify antibody variable and constant regions (domains) a. (labkey.org)
The variable disruption to abdominal segment formation correlates with a variable reduction in expression of engrailed and wingless ( wg ) in stripes 9-14. (sdbonline.org)

Human IgG antibody Laboratories manufactures the tdt antibody human reagents distributed by Genprice. (apoptosises.com)
The Tdt Antibody Human reagent is RUO (Research Use Only) to test human serum or cell culture lab samples. (apoptosises.com)
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human Anti centriole and centrosome antibody IgG in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. (apoptosises.com)
We find 116 887 and 137 557 nucleosome-depleted regions (NDRs) in human and mouse FGCs, covering a large set of germline-specific and highly dynamic regulatory genomic elements, such as enhancers. (nature.com)
Although the global and thorough DNA demethylation patterns of human FGCs have been revealed, the accompanying chromatin states in human germline remains unexplored. (nature.com)

Because secreted antibodies can remain in the circulation for many years, secondary exposure to a pathogen results in a faster immune response. (openstax.org)

This is why it is also called an acute phase antibody. (wikipedia.org)

Previous analysis of receptor expression has been performed using indirect methods due to a lack of receptor-specific antibodies. (appliedbioinfo.com)

Thus, our current understanding on how the expansion of particular B cell lineages by Env may be linked to the development of non-neutralizing antibodies is limited. (plos.org)

In 1937, an antibody was observed in horses hyper-immunized with pneumococcus polysaccharide that was much larger in size than the typical rabbit γ-globulin, with a molecular weight of 990,000 daltons. (wikipedia.org)

They're on the lookout for divergent mutations, where the flu virus may morph to a shape that doesn't bind as well with vaccine-prompted antibodies. (nvidia.com)
The constant domain, which does not bind antibody, is the same for all antibodies. (openstax.org)

Antibodies occur in the blood, in gastric and mucus secretions, and in breast milk, thus providing passive immunity to the infant. (openstax.org)

21]. VH3.1 can be recombined directly to a JH segment and is transcribed although appears to be rarely used and was only detected in the IgH repertoire later in development [26]. (cell-metabolism.com)

This includes antibodies that have the ability to modulate a target's functional activity and/or antibodies that are more bioavailable or stable in specific cellular and tissue environments. (patentpc.com)
This chapter contains methods for Gateway cloning of VHH-Fc fusions into the binary T-DNA vectors pEAQ-HT-DEST1 and pPhasGW, electroporation of Agrobacterium with the resulting constructs, transient antibody expression in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, and stable antibody expression in Arabidopsis thaliana seeds. (bvsalud.org)

Most mouse strains are able to mount a diverse antibody response against group A streptococcal carbohydrate (GAC). (silverchair.com)

IgM is the largest antibody, and it is the first antibody to appear in the response to initial exposure to an antigen. (wikipedia.org)
used phage display libraries, and surface plasmon resonance to determine binding locations, and affinity of the antibodies produced in response to both adjuvanted and non-adjuvanted pandemic influenza vaccines 12 , 13 . (nature.com)

We have previously reported that murine anti-GAC antibodies are for the most part restricted to IgM and IgG3 subclasses. (silverchair.com)

Bottom) Enlarged view of the data from 3 spots showing antibodies that bound their target with diverse kinetics (low, medium, and high affinities, from left to right). (carterra-bio.com)

Simultaneous kinetic analysis of 384 antigen/antibody binding interactions using high throughput SPR. (carterra-bio.com)

Anatomy1

Organisms1

Chemicals and Drugs15

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment2

Phenomena and Processes12

Information Science3

Monoclonal antibodies4

Gene segments11

Genes9

Neutralizing antibody response1

Specificity2

Increase antibody2

Neutralize3

Complementarity-determi1

Specificities1

Antigen-specific1

Homologous1

Broadly5

Immunoglobulin1

Diversity3

Potent2

Mutation5

BnAbs2

Affinity maturation3

Proteins7

Recombination3

Encode1

Humoral2

Amino acids4

BRCA22

Antigens1

Cell receptor1

MAbs1

Sequence4

Sequences6

Autoimmune1

Therapeutic3

Recombinant3

Epitopes1

Polyclonal2

Characterization1

Germ-line3

Molecule2

Framework1

Peptides1

Optimize1

Species1

Therapeutics1

Differentiation1

Chains4

Detection2

Cells5

Infection4

Mice2

Locus2

Variable6

Human5

Secondary1

Acute1

Receptor1

Lineages1

Rabbit1

Bind2

Gastric1

Development1

Stable2

Strains1

Response2

Previously1

Bound1

Interactions1