• On the other hand, the inability of I. alopecuroides to develop into dwarf males on shoots of H. lutescens suggests that regulation of spore germination and dwarf male development on host shoots is associated with the degree of relatedness between species. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Link to all annotated objects annotated to positive regulation of spore germination. (planteome.org)
  • Link to all direct and indirect annotations to positive regulation of spore germination. (planteome.org)
  • Commitment of bacterial spores to germinate. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Likewise, C. difficile cannot cause disease pathologies unless its spores germinate into metabolically active, toxin-producing cells . (bvsalud.org)
  • difficile germination is unique, as C. difficile does not contain any orthologs of the traditional GerA-type germinant receptor complexes and is the only known sporeformer to require bile salts in order to germinate. (bvsalud.org)
  • Spores of three isolates failed to germinate on any of five agar media while the fourth germinated well on all media. (oregonstate.edu)
  • After the spores germinate, they form fruiting bodies which create more spores. (gardeningknowhow.com)
  • effect of iaa on spore germination and gametophyte development in ceratopteris thalictroides (l.) brongn. (academicjournals.org)
  • The effect of different concentrations of Indole acetic acid (IAA) on spore germination and gametophyte development of Ceratopteris thalictroides , a leptosporangiate fern of the family Pteridaceae found at the marshy places near Sitamata sanctuary in Rajasthan, was observed. (academicjournals.org)
  • Spores are resistant to antibiotics, including those therapeutically administered for CDI and strains with a high germination rate are significantly more likely to be implicated in recurrent CDI. (exeter.ac.uk)
  • Most blackberry and raspberry (Rubus) seed exhibit delayed or poor germination because of a deep double dormancy. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Chemical factors in the germination of spore-bearing aerobes: observations on the influence of species, strain and conditions of growth. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The growth of the fungi was measured for 8 days of incubation in air at 25°C. All concentrations of NO were found to produce an antifungal effect on spore germination, sporulation and mycelial growth of the three fungi, with the most effective concentration for A. niger and P. italicum being 100 and 500 μl l⁻¹ for M. fructicola. (edu.au)
  • Infection progression is monitored via a daily imaging setup to monitor fungal growth and immune responses as well as enumeration of live spores by colony forming unit plating. (jove.com)
  • Spores of one of the B . cereus strains were obtained from a commercial source (Raven Biological Laboratories, Omaha, NE). (cdc.gov)
  • Stein and Rogers ( 9 ) reported that vigorous boiling for 3 to 5 min destroyed spores from 43 strains of B. anthracis . (cdc.gov)
  • All div mutant strains produce germination defective spores. (scialert.net)
  • C. botulinum spores exist widely in the environment, but proper food-preparation practices inhibit spore germination and toxin production ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Recent advances in our understanding of C. difficile spore germination mechanisms indicate that this process is both complex and unique. (bvsalud.org)
  • While recent advances describing C. difficile germination mechanisms have been made on several fronts, major gaps in our understanding of C. difficile germination signaling remain. (bvsalud.org)
  • This review provides an updated, in-depth summary of advances in understanding of C. difficile germination and potential avenues for the development of therapeutics , and discusses the major discrepancies between current models of germination and areas of ongoing investigation. (bvsalud.org)
  • We investigated spore germination efficiencies of clinical C. difficile isolates by measuring drop in OD600 and colony forming efficiency. (exeter.ac.uk)
  • Infection occurs when spores land on a tree and penetrate the bark through insect wounds or other breaks in the bark. (gardeningknowhow.com)
  • Aspergillus spores are microinjected into the hindbrain of larvae, and chemical treatment is used to induce immunosuppression. (jove.com)
  • Peptidoglycan components (hexoamines, techoic acid, diaminopimelic acid) of germination defective spores exhibit variation from wild type, hence changes in wall composition leads to defects in cell division and then spore germination. (scialert.net)
  • These spores lack the characteristic striatal pattern resulting in the failure of the outer coat to attach to the underlying inner coat. (wikipedia.org)
  • Spores from three bryophyte species with dwarf males (Homalothecium lutescens, Homalothecium sericeum and Isothecium alopecuroides) were sown on shoots of H. lutescens in vitro. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Spores of the more distantly related I. alopecuroides were unable to develop into dwarf plants on H. lutescens. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Spores of both H. lutescens and H. sericeum developed into dwarf plants. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The ability of H. sericeum spores to develop into dwarf males on shoots of H. lutescens suggests a possible pathway for hybridization between the two species. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • AU - Rosengren,Frida, AU - Cronberg,Nils, PY - 2015/7/3/entrez PY - 2015/7/3/pubmed PY - 2016/6/16/medline KW - bryophytes KW - dwarf males KW - germination KW - sexual reproduction KW - spore KW - sporophytes JF - Biology letters JO - Biol Lett VL - 11 IS - 7 N2 - Spores from three bryophyte species with dwarf males (Homalothecium lutescens, Homalothecium sericeum and Isothecium alopecuroides) were sown on shoots of H. lutescens in vitro. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Factors affecting the germination of seeds of the dwarf mistletoe Arceuthobium campylopodum f. typicum. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Mutants lacking this gene or its product have spores that exhibit outer coat defects. (wikipedia.org)
  • Water samples were injected with the spore preparations, heated to boiling on a hot plate, and held at boiling temperature for various times. (cdc.gov)
  • The objective of this study was to improve seed scarification and germination protocols for the diverse Rubus species in two subgenera often used for breeding improved cultivars. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Genome sequence and spore germination-associated transcriptome analysis will contribute to the understanding of the molecular mechanism of pathogenicity and spore germination of C. cassiicola . (biomedcentral.com)
  • These results facilitate the exploration of the molecular pathogenic mechanism of C. cassiicola in cucumbers and the understanding of molecular and cellular processes during spore germination. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This disease is spread by spores from lesions on the underside of leaves by wind and rain. (jakesonline.org)
  • Germination of Lenzites trabea and Chaetomium globosum spores was observed directly on wood blocks, on water soluble extracts and on organic solvent soluble extracts from pine wood. (irg-wp.com)
  • Spores were harvested from the agar plates and washed four times by centrifugation with sterile distilled water, treated with 50% (vol/vol) ethanol while being shaken at 100 rpm for 2 h, then washed an additional four times by centrifugation with sterile distilled water. (cdc.gov)
  • On the basis of the initial levels of spores used in this study, holding water at a rolling boil for 1-3 min in an open container would not inactivate the spores. (cdc.gov)
  • The spores move to other parts of the tree and nearby trees with the help of water, wind, and animals. (gardeningknowhow.com)
  • Usually spores are formulated, while chopped mycelia from liquid culture are cheaper to produce and are immediately active upon application. (weizmann.ac.il)
  • Fries, N. "Specific effects of diterpene resin acids on spore germination of ectomycorrhizal basidiomycetes. (lapalala.com)
  • Experimentally determined germination curves of microbial spores come in two shapes, sigmoid and nonsigmoid, which can frequently be described by the stretched exponential model. (wolfram.com)
  • The curve can also be simulated by a stochastic model where the germination probability can vary with time. (wolfram.com)
  • The samples were examined by confocal and light microscopy and positive (haloed) particles were expressed as percentages of total spores. (cdc.gov)
  • The important feature of homospory is the four fold division involved in spore production, this takes the form of either a tetrahedra which gives a trilete (Y shaped scar) spore or a tetragon which gives a monolete (single linear scar) spore. (eol.org)
  • When the conditions are right, the spores will enter the leaves through the stoma of the plant. (jakesonline.org)
  • The highest spore germination percentage was recorded in the 2 to 6 ppm concentration range of IAA, with minimum in the 10 ppm concentration. (academicjournals.org)
  • The objective of this Demonstration is not to match any particular germination pattern but only to provide visualization of the relationship between the stochastic and phenomenological models. (wolfram.com)
  • The role of germination efficiency in cases of refractory CDI where first-line therapy fails remains unclear. (exeter.ac.uk)