BacillusRegulation of spore germinationGerminateBacterial spore germinationGametophyte developmentUpon germinationHigh germinationDormancyGrowthStrainsClostridiumBotulinumDifficilePoresHyphaeInfectionAspergillusPeptidoglycanMyceliumCharacteristicDwarfMutantsAcidTemperatureResistantModerateIncreasesSpeciesMechanismFactorsLackDiseaseRateWaterProduceFunctionEffectsModelStudySpreadTotalFormConditionsHighestPotentialPatternRole
Bacillus17
- The Bacillus Spore Morphogenesis and Germination Holin (BSH) Family (TC# 1.E.23) is a family of proteins named after a holin in Bacillus subtilis described to be involved in spore morphogenesis and germination by Real et al (2005). (wikipedia.org)
- Portal: Biology As of this edit, this article uses content from "1.E.23 The Bacillus Spore Morphogenesis and Germination Holin (BSH) Family", which is licensed in a way that permits reuse under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, but not under the GFDL. (wikipedia.org)
- The results of a physiological study of the interaction between NH 4 Cl, inosine, and the stereoisomers of alanine during germination of spores of Bacillus cereus T are presented. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- The effects of amino acids on the germination of Bacillus anthracis, with observations on the relations of optical form to biological activity. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- Stimulation of germination of unactivated Bacillus cereus spores by ammonia. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- Germination of Bacillus cereus spores: critical control by DL- alanine racemase. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- Adventitious racemization of L-alanine in studies of Bacillus spore germination. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- Bacillus cereus spore germination: absolute requirement for an amino acid. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- This review defines unique aspects of the germination pathways of C. difficile and compares them to those of two other well-studied organisms, Bacillus anthracis and Clostridium perfringensC. (bvsalud.org)
- Spores of Bacillus anthracis , the agent that causes anthrax, are one of the microorganisms most refractory to inactivation by the boiling water method. (cdc.gov)
- This study was conducted to determine the resistance of spores of B . anthracis Sterne and three other strains of Bacillus spp. (cdc.gov)
- Spores were produced in broth cultures for the other Bacillus spp. (cdc.gov)
- Spores of all strains of the Bacillus spp. (cdc.gov)
- Spores still survived after 5 min of boiling in an open vessel for all of the Bacillus spp. (cdc.gov)
- In our study, boiling water in a covered vessel for 3 to 5 min destroyed spores of the Bacillus spp. (cdc.gov)
- The present study deal with the germination analysis of spores of different div mutants ( divI, divII, divIV and divV ) of Bacillus subtilis in ALA and AGFK systems and the relationship of these mutations with ger genes. (scialert.net)
- Since the colorless spores are located at one end of the bacillus, they cause the organism to resemble a turkey leg. (medscape.com)
Regulation of spore germination3
- On the other hand, the inability of I. alopecuroides to develop into dwarf males on shoots of H. lutescens suggests that regulation of spore germination and dwarf male development on host shoots is associated with the degree of relatedness between species. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Link to all annotated objects annotated to positive regulation of spore germination. (planteome.org)
- Link to all direct and indirect annotations to positive regulation of spore germination. (planteome.org)
Germinate5
- Commitment of bacterial spores to germinate. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- Likewise, C. difficile cannot cause disease pathologies unless its spores germinate into metabolically active, toxin-producing cells . (bvsalud.org)
- difficile germination is unique, as C. difficile does not contain any orthologs of the traditional GerA-type germinant receptor complexes and is the only known sporeformer to require bile salts in order to germinate. (bvsalud.org)
- Spores of three isolates failed to germinate on any of five agar media while the fourth germinated well on all media. (oregonstate.edu)
- After the spores germinate, they form fruiting bodies which create more spores. (gardeningknowhow.com)
Bacterial spore germination2
- A kinetic model for bacterial spore germination. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- Hydrolysis of cortex peptidoglycan during bacterial spore germination. (medscitechnol.com)
Gametophyte development2
- effect of iaa on spore germination and gametophyte development in ceratopteris thalictroides (l.) brongn. (academicjournals.org)
- The effect of different concentrations of Indole acetic acid (IAA) on spore germination and gametophyte development of Ceratopteris thalictroides , a leptosporangiate fern of the family Pteridaceae found at the marshy places near Sitamata sanctuary in Rajasthan, was observed. (academicjournals.org)
Upon germination1
- Under these conditions, upon germination, they may release their toxin. (medscape.com)
High germination1
- Spores are resistant to antibiotics, including those therapeutically administered for CDI and strains with a high germination rate are significantly more likely to be implicated in recurrent CDI. (exeter.ac.uk)
Dormancy1
- Most blackberry and raspberry (Rubus) seed exhibit delayed or poor germination because of a deep double dormancy. (oregonstate.edu)
Growth3
- Chemical factors in the germination of spore-bearing aerobes: observations on the influence of species, strain and conditions of growth. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- The growth of the fungi was measured for 8 days of incubation in air at 25°C. All concentrations of NO were found to produce an antifungal effect on spore germination, sporulation and mycelial growth of the three fungi, with the most effective concentration for A. niger and P. italicum being 100 and 500 μl l⁻¹ for M. fructicola. (edu.au)
- Infection progression is monitored via a daily imaging setup to monitor fungal growth and immune responses as well as enumeration of live spores by colony forming unit plating. (jove.com)
Strains3
- Spores of one of the B . cereus strains were obtained from a commercial source (Raven Biological Laboratories, Omaha, NE). (cdc.gov)
- Stein and Rogers ( 9 ) reported that vigorous boiling for 3 to 5 min destroyed spores from 43 strains of B. anthracis . (cdc.gov)
- All div mutant strains produce germination defective spores. (scialert.net)
Clostridium6
- Updates to Clostridium difficile Spore Germination. (bvsalud.org)
- Germination of Clostridium difficile spores is a crucial early requirement for colonization of the gastrointestinal tract . (bvsalud.org)
- I have investigated many aspects of Clostridium difficile infection biology, including sporulation and germination, host immune responses, antimicrobial resistance, epidemiology and surveillance of novel transposable elements encoding antimicrobial resistance in C. difficile and other gut microorganisms. (exeter.ac.uk)
- Germination efficiency of clinical Clostridium difficile spores and correlation with ribotype, disease severity and therapy failure. (exeter.ac.uk)
- Spore germination is an important part of the pathogenesis of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). (exeter.ac.uk)
- Rectal temperature during the first 24 hours after injection of Clostridium novyi -NT spores in each dog of cohort 1 (A) and cohort 2 (B). Notice that the maximum rectal temperature during the first 24 hours was higher in cohort 1 than in cohort 2, but the temperature decreased with medical interventions in each dog of both cohorts. (avma.org)
Botulinum1
- C. botulinum spores exist widely in the environment, but proper food-preparation practices inhibit spore germination and toxin production ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
Difficile4
- Recent advances in our understanding of C. difficile spore germination mechanisms indicate that this process is both complex and unique. (bvsalud.org)
- While recent advances describing C. difficile germination mechanisms have been made on several fronts, major gaps in our understanding of C. difficile germination signaling remain. (bvsalud.org)
- This review provides an updated, in-depth summary of advances in understanding of C. difficile germination and potential avenues for the development of therapeutics , and discusses the major discrepancies between current models of germination and areas of ongoing investigation. (bvsalud.org)
- We investigated spore germination efficiencies of clinical C. difficile isolates by measuring drop in OD600 and colony forming efficiency. (exeter.ac.uk)
Pores2
- both germination pores without a papilla. (bladmineerders.nl)
- CLR spreads through the germination of uredospore through germ pores in the spore. (jakesonline.org)
Infection1
- Infection occurs when spores land on a tree and penetrate the bark through insect wounds or other breaks in the bark. (gardeningknowhow.com)
Aspergillus1
Peptidoglycan1
- Peptidoglycan components (hexoamines, techoic acid, diaminopimelic acid) of germination defective spores exhibit variation from wild type, hence changes in wall composition leads to defects in cell division and then spore germination. (scialert.net)
Mycelium1
- Reproduction fungus Mycelium and spore Mushrooms and vegetation. (istockphoto.com)
Characteristic1
- These spores lack the characteristic striatal pattern resulting in the failure of the outer coat to attach to the underlying inner coat. (wikipedia.org)
Dwarf6
- Spores from three bryophyte species with dwarf males (Homalothecium lutescens, Homalothecium sericeum and Isothecium alopecuroides) were sown on shoots of H. lutescens in vitro. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Spores of the more distantly related I. alopecuroides were unable to develop into dwarf plants on H. lutescens. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Spores of both H. lutescens and H. sericeum developed into dwarf plants. (unboundmedicine.com)
- The ability of H. sericeum spores to develop into dwarf males on shoots of H. lutescens suggests a possible pathway for hybridization between the two species. (unboundmedicine.com)
- AU - Rosengren,Frida, AU - Cronberg,Nils, PY - 2015/7/3/entrez PY - 2015/7/3/pubmed PY - 2016/6/16/medline KW - bryophytes KW - dwarf males KW - germination KW - sexual reproduction KW - spore KW - sporophytes JF - Biology letters JO - Biol Lett VL - 11 IS - 7 N2 - Spores from three bryophyte species with dwarf males (Homalothecium lutescens, Homalothecium sericeum and Isothecium alopecuroides) were sown on shoots of H. lutescens in vitro. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Factors affecting the germination of seeds of the dwarf mistletoe Arceuthobium campylopodum f. typicum. (oregonstate.edu)
Mutants1
- Mutants lacking this gene or its product have spores that exhibit outer coat defects. (wikipedia.org)
Acid1
- Finally, the mutant spores accumulate reduced amounts of dipicolinic acid. (wikipedia.org)
Temperature1
- Water samples were injected with the spore preparations, heated to boiling on a hot plate, and held at boiling temperature for various times. (cdc.gov)
Resistant1
- It is nonencapsulated and forms spores that are resistant to heat, desiccation, and disinfectants. (medscape.com)
Moderate1
- Detailed kinetics for the germination of unheated spores in moderate concentrations of l -alanine (in the absence of auto-inhibition due to alanine racemase) are established, as is the specificity of the stimulatory effect of NH 4 Cl in relation to other salts, amines, and germinants. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Increases1
- Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of spore germination. (planteome.org)
Species1
- The objective of this study was to improve seed scarification and germination protocols for the diverse Rubus species in two subgenera often used for breeding improved cultivars. (oregonstate.edu)
Mechanism2
- Genome sequence and spore germination-associated transcriptome analysis will contribute to the understanding of the molecular mechanism of pathogenicity and spore germination of C. cassiicola . (biomedcentral.com)
- These results facilitate the exploration of the molecular pathogenic mechanism of C. cassiicola in cucumbers and the understanding of molecular and cellular processes during spore germination. (biomedcentral.com)
Factors1
- Chemical factors in the germination of spore-bearing aerobes. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Lack1
- Lack of germination on. (oregonstate.edu)
Disease1
- This disease is spread by spores from lesions on the underside of leaves by wind and rain. (jakesonline.org)
Rate4
- If the underlying germination probability rate function curve is itself sigmoid, so is the germination curve. (wolfram.com)
- If the germination probability rate function has a maximum, the germination curve can still be sigmoid but with an asymptotic germination level that depends on the peak's location, sharpness, and height. (wolfram.com)
- The program then plots the probability rate function and below it the corresponding discrete and fitted germination curve, and displays the percent germination at the chosen time. (wolfram.com)
- 90% relative humidity, and the germination rate in drops of water was the highest. (biomedcentral.com)
Water4
- Germination of Lenzites trabea and Chaetomium globosum spores was observed directly on wood blocks, on water soluble extracts and on organic solvent soluble extracts from pine wood. (irg-wp.com)
- Spores were harvested from the agar plates and washed four times by centrifugation with sterile distilled water, treated with 50% (vol/vol) ethanol while being shaken at 100 rpm for 2 h, then washed an additional four times by centrifugation with sterile distilled water. (cdc.gov)
- On the basis of the initial levels of spores used in this study, holding water at a rolling boil for 1-3 min in an open container would not inactivate the spores. (cdc.gov)
- The spores move to other parts of the tree and nearby trees with the help of water, wind, and animals. (gardeningknowhow.com)
Produce1
- Usually spores are formulated, while chopped mycelia from liquid culture are cheaper to produce and are immediately active upon application. (weizmann.ac.il)
Function1
- The results suggest that NH 4 Cl and inosine affect an early step in germination closely related to the function of an l -alanine receptor. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Effects1
- Fries, N. "Specific effects of diterpene resin acids on spore germination of ectomycorrhizal basidiomycetes. (lapalala.com)
Model2
- Experimentally determined germination curves of microbial spores come in two shapes, sigmoid and nonsigmoid, which can frequently be described by the stretched exponential model. (wolfram.com)
- The curve can also be simulated by a stochastic model where the germination probability can vary with time. (wolfram.com)
Study1
- Graduate Study, OUTLINE I. The problem of delayed germination . (oregonstate.edu)
Spread1
- Spore germination and spread continue throughout spring and summer and into early autumn. (gardeningknowhow.com)
Total1
Form1
- The important feature of homospory is the four fold division involved in spore production, this takes the form of either a tetrahedra which gives a trilete (Y shaped scar) spore or a tetragon which gives a monolete (single linear scar) spore. (eol.org)
Conditions1
- When the conditions are right, the spores will enter the leaves through the stoma of the plant. (jakesonline.org)
Highest1
- The highest spore germination percentage was recorded in the 2 to 6 ppm concentration range of IAA, with minimum in the 10 ppm concentration. (academicjournals.org)
Potential1
- We also defined the germination potential. (oregonstate.edu)
Pattern1
- The objective of this Demonstration is not to match any particular germination pattern but only to provide visualization of the relationship between the stochastic and phenomenological models. (wolfram.com)
Role1
- The role of germination efficiency in cases of refractory CDI where first-line therapy fails remains unclear. (exeter.ac.uk)