OvarianGranulosa cellsPrimary oocytePreovulatory follicleFertilizationMammalian oocyteMeioticPorcineMeiosisPrimordialOvariesCompetenceBovineFollicular fluidDominantTertiarySpermOvulationReproductiveMetabolismOvaryThecaFertilityFunctionalSubsequentlyVivoSignificantlyInjectionRegulationSupplementationMatureActivityRateDevelopmentProcessTreatmentStageSingleWomenQualityComplex
Ovarian13
- An ovarian follicle is a roughly spheroid cellular aggregation set found in the ovaries. (wikipedia.org)
- Ovarian follicles are the basic units of female reproductive biology. (wikipedia.org)
- Cumulus oophorus is a cluster of cells (called cumulus cells) that surround the oocyte both in the ovarian follicle and after ovulation. (wikipedia.org)
- The primary oocyte turns into a secondary oocyte in mature ovarian follicles. (wikipedia.org)
- Any ovarian follicle that is larger than about three centimeters is termed an ovarian cyst. (wikipedia.org)
- Presently, ovarian follicle volumes can be measured rapidly and automatically from three-dimensionally reconstructed ultrasound images. (wikipedia.org)
- This case of discordant twins is not unique, however, and nine other twin pairs have subsequently consulted our center for ovarian transplantation in preference to conventional oocyte donation . (infertile.com)
- Poor ovarian responders (POR) are women undergoing in-vitro fertilization who respond poorly to ovarian stimulation, resulting in the retrieval of lower number of oocytes, and subsequently lower pregnancy rates. (biomedcentral.com)
- They include metabolic products highly associated with ovarian function - amino acids for regulating pH and osmolarity, lipids such fatty acids and cholesterols for oocyte maturation, and glucocorticoids for ovarian steroidogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
- In patients designated as "poor responders," so-called due to poor response to ovarian stimulation given during IVF workup, the limited number of obtained oocytes remains the major problem in optimizing the live birth rates [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- The mean number of ovarian follicles, ovarian germinal vesicle oocytes and ovulated MII oocytes decreased significantly with maternal age. (cambridge.org)
- The problems mostly commonly occur when the ovarian pool of follicles is depleted to a critical level with age but are also found in low follicular reserve of other etiologies. (biomedcentral.com)
- In females with normal fertility, pre-antral ovarian theca cells respond to stimulation by inhibin B to provide androgen-based support for the developing follicle. (biomedcentral.com)
Granulosa cells2
- They also consist of granulosa cells and theca of follicle. (wikipedia.org)
- In affected ovaries, oxygenation of follicular fluid is low, ultrastructural disturbances especially of mitochondria, occur in granulosa cells and oocytes, and considerable disturbances of meiosis occur. (biomedcentral.com)
Primary oocyte1
- This protocol consists of a culture method that can be mainly divided into four periods: primordial germ cell-like cell (PGCLC) derivation, primary oocyte differentiation (in vitro differentiation: IVDi), oocyte growth to germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes (in vitro growth: IVG) and oocyte maturation (in vitro maturation: IVM). (researchsquare.com)
Preovulatory follicle2
- In a larger perspective, the whole folliculogenesis from primordial to preovulatory follicle is located in the stage of meiosis I of ootidogenesis in oogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
- In contrast, RES may delay puberty by delaying follicular development at two stages: a) decreased IGF-I in follicles ≤ 7 mm may delay predominant follicular growth, and b) decreased LH may delay maturation of the preovulatory follicle. (ncsu.edu)
Fertilization5
- At the time of puberty, women have approximately 200,000 to 300,000 follicles, each with the potential to release an egg cell (ovum) at ovulation for fertilization. (wikipedia.org)
- Upon fertilization by sperm, the secondary oocyte continues the second part of meiosis and becomes a zygote. (wikipedia.org)
- These protease-induced decreases in IGFBP-4 and -5 likely cause increased levels of bioavailable (or free) IGFs that stimulate steroidogenesis and mitogenesis in developing dominant follicles, which ultimately prepare the follicle(s) and oocyte(s) for successful ovulation and fertilization. (bioone.org)
- Following germinal vesicle break down (GVBD) the oocyte is transcriptionally quiescent until fertilization and activation of the embryonic genome, occurring at the four-cell stage of development in the pig [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- To ascertain whether the Kunming (KM) mouse is an available model for age-related decline in female fertility in human or not, oocytes from young (6-8 weeks), middle-aged (9 months) and aged (12 months) female mice were compared with respect to number of oocytes, frequency of in-vitro maturation (IVM) and in-vitro fertilization (IVF), and meiotic chromosome segregation and alignment. (cambridge.org)
Mammalian oocyte2
- Maturation of the mammalian oocyte is a complex process involving internal checkpoints and bidirectional communication with the surrounding cumulus cells. (biomedcentral.com)
- It is well known that c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) plays pivotal roles in various mitotic events, but its function in mammalian oocyte meiosis remains unknown. (cambridge.org)
Meiotic7
- After beginning the meiotic process, the oogonia (now called primary oocytes) can no longer replicate. (wikipedia.org)
- Germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) occurs during oocyte meiotic maturation, a period when transcriptional processes are virtually inactive. (biomedcentral.com)
- Inhibition of nuclear meiotic maturation via IBMX significantly increased MIR21 and decreased its target, PDCD4. (biomedcentral.com)
- Our results indicate MIR21 is active and important during meiotic maturation of the oocyte. (biomedcentral.com)
- The oocyte must maintain arrest at the diplotene stage until meiotic resumption occurs. (biomedcentral.com)
- Of particular interest is understanding the role of non-coding RNA in regulating meiotic checkpoints in the oocyte, particularly that of microRNA-21 (MIR21). (biomedcentral.com)
- Significant reduction of germinal vesicle (GV) and MII oocytes and significant increase of metaphase chromosome misalignment and premature chromatid segregation after meiotic maturation of oocytes, similar to human, presumably contribute to the decline in aged KM mice. (cambridge.org)
Porcine3
- Oocytes were collected from aspirated porcine tertiary follicles. (biomedcentral.com)
- Poor in vitro embryo development is a major obstacle in porcine assisted reproduction. (mdpi.com)
- In the current study, we utilized modified Spirulina maxima pectin nanoparticles as a supplement to improve porcine in vitro maturation medium. (mdpi.com)
Meiosis2
- For several primary oocytes that complete meiosis I each month, only one or a few functional oocyte, the dominant follicles, completes maturation and undergoes ovulation. (wikipedia.org)
- Oogenesis incorporates a unique sequence of differentiation processes, during which biologically significant events such as meiosis and oocyte growth are orchestrated with communication to surrounding somatic cells. (researchsquare.com)
Primordial2
- Primordial follicles are indiscernible to the naked eye. (wikipedia.org)
- There is, however, no evidence to date that primordial follicles are compromised. (biomedcentral.com)
Ovaries4
- Once a month, one of the ovaries releases a mature egg (ovum), known as an oocyte. (wikipedia.org)
- Oocytes were collected from slaughterhouse-derived ovaries, matured in vitro, and injected with frozen-thawed stallion sperm. (bioone.org)
- In each menstrual cycle, human ovaries produce a single dominant follicle. (biomedcentral.com)
- 4 Of note, PGCLCs gave rise to sperm and oocytes by transplantation into neonatal testes and adult ovaries, respectively, 4,5 which means that PGCLCs have the potential to give rise to functional gametes. (researchsquare.com)
Competence1
- To characterize the effect of artificially increasing MIR21 on oocyte competence without inhibiting GVBD, a MIR21 mimic, scrambled microRNA negative control, or nuclease free water was micro-injected into denuded oocytes at 21 h of IVM. (biomedcentral.com)
Bovine3
- In some species (e.g., bovine), evidence indicates that decreases in IGFBP-4 and -5 levels in estrogen-dominant preovulatory follicles are likely due, in part, to increased protease activity, whereas lower levels of IGFBP-2 are not due to increased proteolysis. (bioone.org)
- Increased IGFBP-4 and -5 protease along with lower amounts of IGFBP-4 binding activity and greater amounts of free IGF-I are some of the earliest developmental changes documented in bovine growing antral follicles. (bioone.org)
- Effect of gonadotropins on the ability of 5,6-dichloro-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole (DRB) to inhibit germinal vesicle breakdown in bovine oocytes. (ncsu.edu)
Follicular fluid1
- The follicular fluid (FF) provides a crucial microenvironment for the proper development of follicles and oocytes through tightly controlled metabolism and cell signaling. (biomedcentral.com)
Dominant1
- Growth of the dominant follicle encompasses enlargement of the oocyte, replication of follicular cells, and formation and expansion of a fluid-filled follicular antrum or cavity, providing a specialized microenvironment for the development of oocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
Tertiary2
- However, these eventually develop into primary, secondary and tertiary vesicular follicles. (wikipedia.org)
- Tertiary vesicular follicles (also called "mature vesicular follicles" or "ripe vesicular follicles") are sometimes called Graafian follicles (after Regnier de Graaf). (wikipedia.org)
Sperm1
- This study was conducted to evaluate in vivo and in vitro development of in vitro-matured equine oocytes fertilized by intracytoplasmic sperm injection. (bioone.org)
Ovulation2
- These structures are periodically initiated to grow and develop, culminating in ovulation of usually a single competent oocyte in humans. (wikipedia.org)
- Thus, measuring the temperature of reproductive organs could be a useful method for predicting estrus and ovulation in cows, and the establishment of a non-invasive technique is required. (go.jp)
Reproductive2
- Pre-ovulatory follicles are cooler than the neighboring reproductive organs in cows. (go.jp)
- Reduced quality and accelerated follicle loss with female reproductive aging - does decline in theca dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) underlie the problem? (biomedcentral.com)
Metabolism1
Ovary1
- In humans, oocytes are established in the ovary before birth and may lie dormant awaiting initiation for up to 50 years. (wikipedia.org)
Theca1
- With depletion of follicle numbers, inhibin B is reduced with consequent reduction in theca DHEA. (biomedcentral.com)
Fertility1
- PABPN1L is partly indispensable for female fertility in mice, owing to its necessity for embryonic development, which is supported by mRNA degradation during GV to MII maturation. (go.jp)
Functional2
- Indeed, efforts have been made to reconstitute in vitro oogenesis, 1-3 though none of them succeeded in the production of functional oocytes from pluripotent stem cells. (researchsquare.com)
- The following is our step-by-step protocol for producing functional oocytes from pluripotent stem cells. (researchsquare.com)
Subsequently2
- As a result of a lower number of oocytes retrieved, there are fewer embryos to select and transfer, and subsequently these patients have lower pregnancy rates per transfer and lower cumulative pregnancy rates per started cycle compared with normal responders. (biomedcentral.com)
- Light microscopic immunofluorescent observations revealed that during acrosome biogenesis ESP first appears in the nascent acrosomal vesicle in early round spermatids and subsequently segregates to the periphery of the expanding acrosomal vesicle, thereby defining a peripheral equatorial segment compartment within flattened acrosomal vesicles and in the acrosomes of early and late cap phase, elongating, and mature spermatids. (bioone.org)
Vivo2
- In vivo development was assessed after transfer of injected oocytes to the oviducts of recipient mares. (bioone.org)
- We have recently established a novel culture system in which mouse pluripotent stem cells differentiate to mature oocytes in a manner similar to oogenesis in vivo. (researchsquare.com)
Significantly1
- The rate of IVM in oocytes from young mice (73.9%) was less significantly than that in oocytes from middle-aged and aged mice (86.1% and 84.4%, respectively). (cambridge.org)
Injection2
- Injection of a MIR21 mimic increased oocyte maturation rate. (biomedcentral.com)
- Injection of myc-tagged JNK2α1 mRNA into oocytes also revealed its localization on spindle poles. (cambridge.org)
Regulation2
- Thus, the maturing oocyte is reliant on processes such as post-transcriptional gene regulation (PTGR) to regulate the mRNA and protein repertoire. (biomedcentral.com)
- The inability to transcribe mRNA during this stage of development and the probable necessity for post-transcriptional gene regulation (PTGR) suggests an important role for non-coding RNA in the maturing oocyte. (biomedcentral.com)
Supplementation1
- Since recent clinical studies have indicated that dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) supplementation may reverse the problem of oocyte quality, this review of the literature was undertaken in an attempt to find an explanation of why this is effective? (biomedcentral.com)
Mature2
- The other follicles that begin to mature will regress and become atretic follicles, eventually deteriorating. (wikipedia.org)
- Relative abundance of mature MIR21 was quantified at 0, 8, 16, 24, 32, and 42 h of in vitro (IVM) with or without treatment with 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX). (biomedcentral.com)
Activity2
- Poly(A)-binding proteins (PABPs) play roles in mRNA maturation, translational activity, and decay. (go.jp)
- Oocyte arrest at the diplotene stage is maintained in part through the activity of phosphodiesterase enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) into AMP [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Rate1
- An in vitro assay system was used to estimate the rate of accumulation of 3 H-3-O-methylglucose and 14 C-proline by small intestinal segments. (ncsu.edu)
Development3
- We also revealed that the exogenous expression of Pabpn1l mRNA in KO-GV oocytes recovered defects of embryonic development. (go.jp)
- Importantly, the in vitro-generated oocytes are capable of full-term development. (researchsquare.com)
- Here, we established a culture system in which the entire process of oogenesis is reconstituted in a dish, yielding in vitro-generated oocytes that are capable of full-term development to healthy pups. (researchsquare.com)
Process1
- In each process, a robust number of mouse oocytes can be generated in a dish. (researchsquare.com)
Treatment1
- At 6 mo of age, pulsatile administration of GnRH (5 µg every 2 h for 42–46 h) increased serum LH and FSH similarly across treatments but had no effect on the number of follicles ≥ 8 mm in GRFi and RES heifers relative to saline treatment. (ncsu.edu)
Stage1
- In this study, we found that no specific JNK2 signal was detected in germinal vesicle stage. (cambridge.org)
Single1
- Each of them contains a single oocyte (immature ovum or egg cell). (wikipedia.org)
Women1
- Rupture of the follicle can result in abdominal pain (mittelschmerz) and is to be considered in the differential diagnosis in women of childbearing age. (wikipedia.org)
Quality1
- Molecular biology techniques offer potential for improving forage quality in the future. (ncsu.edu)
Complex1
- Today, as research techniques become more refined and the evidence generated more complex, silos of knowledge are generated and experts find it difficult to cross between sub-disciplines. (biomedcentral.com)