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Germ LayersEndodermGastrulaNeoplasms, Germ Cell and EmbryonalEmbryonic Stem CellsMesodermEctodermTeratomaCell DifferentiationGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalEmbryoid BodiesPluripotent Stem CellsOctamer Transcription Factor-3GastrulationWheat Germ AgglutininsInduced Pluripotent Stem CellsEmbryo, NonmammalianNodal Signaling LigandsBody PatterningSOXB1 Transcription FactorsEmbryo, MammalianNodal ProteinCell LineageXenopus ProteinsEmbryonic InductionTestisCell Culture TechniquesIn Situ HybridizationSpermatogenesisBlastulaTooth GermMorphogenesisZebrafishFeeder CellsStem CellsNuclear ReprogrammingSOXF Transcription FactorsEmbryonic DevelopmentOrganizers, EmbryonicTesticular NeoplasmsHomeodomain ProteinsStage-Specific Embryonic AntigensZebrafish ProteinsBlastodermActivinsXenopus laevisImmunohistochemistrySpermatozoaT-Box Domain ProteinsKaryotypingCells, CulturedKaryotypeSignal TransductionMolecular Sequence DataEmbryonic and Fetal DevelopmentTranscription FactorsNervous SystemGerminomaCell DedifferentiationSpermatogoniaSertoli CellsBlastocystRNA, MessengerSeminiferous TubulesBlastomeresCell LineReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionNeural PlateDrosophilaKruppel-Like Transcription FactorsReceptor, EphB1GonadsModels, BiologicalSpermatocytesGoosecoid ProteinBase SequencePrimitive StreakSpermatidsChimeraNotochordGerm CellsXenopusChick EmbryoCell MovementBone Morphogenetic Protein 4Biological MarkersHepatocyte Nuclear Factor 3-betaMutationFibroblastsBone Morphogenetic ProteinsZygoteFibroblast Growth FactorsUrochordataGATA Transcription FactorsSeminomaAmino Acid SequenceFibroblast Growth Factor 4Gene ExpressionTime FactorsNeurons

Primary germ layersEmbryosCnidariansMesodermEctodermEndodermEmbryonicEpidermisGastrulationGive riseEarlyCellsInternal

Primary germ layers2

• however, all eumetazoans (animals that are sister taxa to the sponges) produce two or three primary germ layers. (wikipedia.org)
• Endoderm is the innermost of the three primary germ layers in the very early embryo.The other two layers are the ectoderm (outside layer) and mesoderm (middle layer), with the endoderm being the innermost layer. (prakun4u.com)

Embryos3

• In 1817, Heinz Christian Pander discovered three primordial germ layers while studying chick embryos. (wikipedia.org)
• The mesoderm germ layer forms in the embryos of triploblastic animals. (wikipedia.org)
• The mesoderm is a germ layer present in animal embryos that will give rise to specialized tissue types. (prakun4u.com)

Cnidarians1

• Some animals, like cnidarians, produce two germ layers (the ectoderm and endoderm) making them diploblastic. (wikipedia.org)

Mesoderm6

• Other animals such as bilaterians produce a third layer (the mesoderm) between these two layers, making them triploblastic. (wikipedia.org)
• All bilaterian animals (from flatworms to humans) are triploblastic, possessing a mesoderm in addition to the germ layers found in Diploblasts. (wikipedia.org)
• The epiblast keeps moving and forms a second layer, the mesoderm. (wikipedia.org)
• During gastrulation, some of the cells migrating inward contribute to the mesoderm, an additional layer between the endoderm and the ectoderm. (wikipedia.org)
• The mesoderm is a germ layer that arises during gastrulation, and is present between the ectoderm, which will turn into skin and central nervous system cells, and the endoderm, which will produce the gut and the lungs (4). (prakun4u.com)
• The mesoderm forms the middle layer of the early trilaminar embryo germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm) formed by gastrulation. (prakun4u.com)

Ectoderm6

• Diploblastic animals, Cnidaria and Ctenophora, show an increase in compartmentalization, having two germ layers, the endoderm and ectoderm. (wikipedia.org)
• The top layer is now called the ectoderm. (wikipedia.org)
• Ectoderm is one of three germ layers-groups of cells that coalesce early during the embryonic life of all animals except maybe sponges, and from which organs and tissues form. (prakun4u.com)
• As the name suggests, the ectoderm is the germ layer that covers the outside of the embryo ('ecto' meaning outside). (prakun4u.com)
• The ectoderm is responsible for the outermost layers of the embryo. (prakun4u.com)
• from it is derived the epithelial lining of the primordial gut and the epithelial component of the glands and other structures (for example, lower respiratory system) that develop as … The ectoderm is one of the primary layers of cells that exists in an embryo. (prakun4u.com)

Endoderm5

• The epiblast in this region moves towards the primitive streak, dives down into it, and forms a new layer, called the endoderm, pushing the hypoblast out of the way (this goes on to form the amnion. (wikipedia.org)
• The endoderm is one of the germ layers formed during animal embryonic development. (wikipedia.org)
• Cells migrating inward along the archenteron form the inner layer of the gastrula, which develops into the endoderm. (wikipedia.org)
• Endoderm is the inner most layer of all three layers. (prakun4u.com)
• The digestive and respiratory systems derive from the endoderm layer. (prakun4u.com)

Embryonic3

• A germ layer is a primary layer of cells that forms during embryonic development. (wikipedia.org)
• This early embryonic form undergoes gastrulation, forming a gastrula with either two or three layers (the germ layers). (wikipedia.org)
• These transcription factors cause the pluripotent mouse embryonic stem cells to select a germ layer fate. (wikipedia.org)

Epidermis1

• Between 1850 and 1855, Robert Remak had further refined the germ cell layer (Keimblatt) concept, stating that the external, internal and middle layers form respectively the epidermis, the gut, and the intervening musculature and vasculature. (wikipedia.org)

Gastrulation1

• Germ layer formation is linked to the primary body axis as well, however it is less reliant on it than gastrulation is. (wikipedia.org)

Give rise1

• Germ layers eventually give rise to all of an animal's tissues and organs through the process of organogenesis. (wikipedia.org)

Early1

• Caspar Friedrich Wolff observed organization of the early embryo in leaf-like layers. (wikipedia.org)

Cells1

• And the cells in these germ layers go on to form very specific structures. (prakun4u.com)

Internal1

• internal epithelial layer of the digestive system neural plate and neural tube internal epithelial layer of the urinary system gonads and kidneys. (prakun4u.com)