Germ human tissues derivation of stem cells from cloned human embryos. Medical search. Frequent questions

Mouse nuclear transfer embryonic stem cells (NT-ESCs) were first established in 2000, and then proved to be able to differentiate either in vivo or in vitro, and give rise to individual tissues through germ line transmission or tetraploid complementation. (benthamscience.com)
… "human clone" means an embryo that, as a result of the manipulation of human reproductive material or an in vitro embryo, contains a diploid set of chromosomes obtained from a single - living or deceased - human being, fetus, or embryo. (hinxtongroup.org)
In vitro experimental models to study the efficiency of the placental barrier for environmental toxicants: tumor cell lines versus trophoblast primary cells. (biomedicineandprevention.com)
In this mini-review, we aim to present and critically analyse the different in vitro models that have been proposed as an alternative to in vivo and ex vivo studies to elucidate the ability of different xenobiotics to interfere with fetal development by direct (transplacental crossing and accumulation in embryonic tissues) or indirect action (e.g., inflammation, perturbation of placental function). (biomedicineandprevention.com)
Several trophoblast cell lines have been developed for in vitro studies of trophoblast physiology and in the following paragraphs we will give a brief overview on the cells have been used to develop in vitro models of the placental barrier. (biomedicineandprevention.com)
Several trophoblast cell lines have been developed and used to reproduce in vitro the trophoblast layer of the placenta. (biomedicineandprevention.com)
Human heart tissues grown as three-dimensional spheroids and consisting of different cardiac cell types derived from pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) recapitulate aspects of human physiology better than standard two-dimensional models in vitro. (bvsalud.org)
Mouse ES cells have been widely utilized as an in vitro model to study cardiogenesis, as cardiomyocytes were found to spontaneously differentiate from ES cells after withdrawal of LIF (leukemia inhibitory factor), which functions to maintain the pluripotency of undifferentiated mouse ES cells [ 2 - 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
SSCs can be isolated from the testis and cultured in vitro for longterm periods in the presence of feeder cells (often mouse embryonic fibroblasts). (molcells.org)
Although several in vitro SSC culture systems without feeder cells have been previously described, our Matrigel-based feeder-free culture system is time- and cost- effective, and preserves self-renewability of SSCs. (molcells.org)
Established SSCs are useful stem cell lines that allow not only to study basic reproductive biology but also to develop an in vitro model for applications in assisted reproductive medicine. (molcells.org)
When primary SSCs are derived from the testis and proliferated in vitro , mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) are the most commonly used feeder cells that play a role of such microniche by allowing secure attachment and proliferation of SSCs. (molcells.org)
Cells are collected from donor (a) and cultured in vitro (b). (biomedcentral.com)
The somatic cell and the oocyte is then fused (f) and the embryos is allowed to develop to a blastocyst in vitro (g). (biomedcentral.com)
In vitro studies indicate that Dab2 establishes epithelial cell polarity and organization by directing endocytic trafficking of membrane glycoproteins. (biomedcentral.com)
We discuss what is known about the distinct metabolic states captured in vitro by the 2-cell-like, naïve, blastocyst-like, formative, and primed states of pluripotency. (conditionmed.org)
2019). Akin to the dynamic nutrient requirements of the developing embryo, discrete in vitro cell states have distinct metabolic profiles (Zhou et al. (conditionmed.org)
It is only through understanding embryonic metabolism and development that we can derive and maintain different in vitro stem cell states for disease modeling and therapies. (conditionmed.org)
In vitro fertilized (IVF) embryos were cultured in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide or inhibitors of MAP2K (0.4 μM PD0325901) and GSK3 (3 μM CHIR99021) from the zygote (Day 1) stage. (bioone.org)
Assisted reproductive techniques for canines: preservation of genetic material in domestic dogs [3] "Assisted reproductive techniques (ARTs), such as artificial insemination, in vitro fertilization, and cryopreservation of gametes/zygotes, have been developed to improve breeding and reproduction of livestock and for the treatment of human infertility. (edu.au)

Very early during mammalian development the embryo differentiates into 2 main cell lineages, the inner cell mass (ICM) which will mainly contribute to embryonic tissues, and the trophoblast which will form extra-embryonic tissues. (biomedicineandprevention.com)
The fertilized oocyte is totipotent, with resultant blastomeres capable of generating all three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm, in addition to the extra embryonic tissues. (conditionmed.org)
However, they cannot form an organism because they are unable to give rise to extra embryonic tissue essential for normal development in the uterus. (biomedcentral.com)

However, robust and large-scale genome-wide reprogramming of DNA methylome occurs during two critical developmental processes: (1) development of primordial germ cells and (2) pre-implantation embryogenesis. (nature.com)
Additionally, these results support the conclusion that CycB is more abundant in the pole cells at nc14 (yellow) for DCP1 (A) or Pcm (B). Therefore, we asked whether Edc3 and Patr-1 promote recruitment of the maternal-to-zygotic transition in Drosophila primordial germ cells. (sonexfinancial.com)
These cells are commonly termed embryonic germ (EG) cells because they are derived from primordial germ cells found at the genital ridges in developing fetuses. (biomedcentral.com)
Depending on the species, DAZL is expressed in primordial germ cells (PGCs) and/or pre-meiotic and meiotic germ cells of both sexes. (ijbs.com)
Dynamics of male canine germ cell development [6] "Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are precursors of gametes that can generate new individuals throughout life in both males and females. (edu.au)

This paper outlines the debates prompted through a reproduction mechanism involv- by progress in cloning research, with special ing male and female germ cells. (who.int)
DAZ family proteins are located in the nucleus and/or in the cytoplasm of male and female germ cells at different developmental stages throughout the gametogenesis. (ijbs.com)

Stem cells are not specialized and the process of their specialization is called differentiation. (benthamscience.com)
Stem and progenitor cell populations are often heterogeneous, which may reflect stem cell subsets that express subtly different properties, including different propensities for lineage selection upon differentiation, yet remain able to interconvert. (lu.se)
A key challenge is to understand how state, but must also afford flexibility in cell-fate choice to permit the different cell-fate options confronting stem and progenitor cell-type diversification and differentiation in response to cells are selected and coordinated such that adoption of a given intrinsic cues or extrinsic signals. (lu.se)
Evidence the fate of stem cells has broad ramifications for biomedical suggests that during development or differentiation, cells make science from elucidating the causes of cancer to the use of very precise transitions between apparently stable ``network stem cells in regenerative medicine. (lu.se)
However, the possible differences in proliferation and differentiation capabilities among independently-derived human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are not well known because of insufficient characterization. (biomedcentral.com)
and 3) the responses to directed neural differentiation was made between three NIH registered hES cell lines I3 (TE03), I6 (TE06) and BG01V. (biomedcentral.com)
All cell lines differentiated into three embryonic germ lineages in embryoid bodies and into neural cell lineages when cultured in neural differentiation medium. (biomedcentral.com)
Undifferentiated I3 cells grew significantly slower but their differentiation potential was greater than I6 and BG01V. (biomedcentral.com)
Under the same neural differentiation-promoting conditions, the ability of each cell line to differentiate into neural progenitors varied. (biomedcentral.com)
In the present study, a side-by-side comparison of the ability to maintain an undifferentiated state and to self-renew under standard conditions, the ability to spontaneously differentiate into cell types of three germ layers in embryonic bodies, and directed differentiation under neural differentiation-promoting conditions was made between three NIH registered hESC lines I3, I6 and BG01V. (biomedcentral.com)
Stability of Imprinting and Differentiation Capacity in Naïve Human Cells Induced by Chemical Inhibition of CDK8 and CDK19. (axonmedchem.com)
In this review, we describe the cardiac differentiation from ES cells, iPS cells, and the current progress of using iPS cell-derived cardiomyocytes for heart disease modeling and for the development of therapeutic strategies. (biomedcentral.com)
It demonstrated that genes inactivated during tissue differentiation can be completely re-activated by a process called nuclear reprogramming: the reversion of a differentiated nucleus back to a totipotent status. (biomedcentral.com)
Our research focuses on developmental pathways that regulate hematopoietic cell growth and differentiation and are disrupted in the course of neoplastic transformation, particularly in leukemias and lymphomas. (stanford.edu)
To establish protocols for the safe and efficient differentiation of healthy cells for therapies, we must develop a better understanding of the dynamic continuum of metabolic states that span pluripotency and differentiation, and how to influence them. (conditionmed.org)
The AF form of SALSA had a more intact structure and contained peptides from the zona pellucida domain, which is involved in cell differentiation and oligomerization. (researchgate.net)
The established dogma has however been challenged by recent findings suggesting that multipotent stem cells have a broader differentiation potential than previously thought. (biomedcentral.com)
Dazl can regulate the expression, transport and localization of target mRNAs of proteins which control the differentiation, growth and maturation of germ cells. (ijbs.com)

Two commonly discussed types of human cloning are therapeutic cloning and reproductive cloning. (wikipedia.org)
Reproductive cloning would involve making an entire cloned human, instead of just specific cells or tissues. (wikipedia.org)
these are the "holy grail" that would be useful for therapeutic or reproductive cloning. (wikipedia.org)
But what is not getting such wide reporting is the use of pluripotent stem cells (as well as many other types of cells and genetic engineering techniques) for reproductive purposes . (lifeissues.net)
3. National regulations of governance of human cloning and embryo research in general adopted so far confirm the convergence of views of the refusal to adopt legislation or guidelines permitting reproductive cloning , while they still show variations on the legitimacy of human cloning carried out as part of research agendas. (lifeissues.net)
Cloning technology, however, is perceived as having the potential for reproductive cloning, which raises serious ethical and moral concerns. (who.int)
Reproductive cloning versus germ cell (egg, ovum). (who.int)
Ontology changes include new structures, tissue layers and cell types within the LUT, external genitalia and lower reproductive structures. (atlas-d2k.org)

Two common methods of therapeutic cloning that are being researched are somatic-cell nuclear transfer and (more recently) pluripotent stem cell induction. (wikipedia.org)
An induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line, in which a H2B-fluorescent protein fusion is temporally expressed, is a valuable tool to track cells and study cell divisions and apoptosis. (bvsalud.org)

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are naturally derived from early stage embryos and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are reprogrammed from somatic cells with overexpression of four reprogramming factors, Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc. (biomedcentral.com)
Hanyu-Nakamura K, Matsuda K, Cohen SM, Nakamura A. Pgc suppresses the zygotically acting RNA decay pathway proteins in germ granules in pre-pole bud combivir pills online stage embryos. (sonexfinancial.com)

ES cells were aggregated into three-dimensional structures, termed embryoid bodies (EBs), and suspended in media containing fetal calf serum. (biomedcentral.com)
The study of the new dab2 mutant allele in embryos and embryoid bodies confirms a role for Dab2 in extraembryonic endoderm development and epithelial organization. (biomedcentral.com)

Kuldip S. Sidhu , " Frontiers in Pluripotent Stem Cells Research and Therapeutic Potentials Bench-to-Bedside ", Bentham Science Publishers (2012). (benthamscience.com)
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can grow infinitely and give rise to all types of cells in human body, thus of tremendous therapeutic potentials for a variety of diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, spinal cord injury, and diabetes. (benthamscience.com)
Under such circumstances, the idea of "therapeutic cloning" was proposed, indicating the generation of ESCs from SCNT embryos for therapeutic purpose. (benthamscience.com)
Therapeutic cloning would involve cloning cells from a human for use in medicine and transplants. (wikipedia.org)
In particular, scientific developments in areas such as iPS cells open new possibilities of research and, at mid term, of therapeutic applications, but they also bring new ethical challenges and problems requiring further reflection and debate. (lifeissues.net)
The comparison of the unique properties and behavior of each individually derived cell line is critical in identifying the safe and efficacious lines for research and therapeutic use [ 3 , 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Therapeutic cloning possesses enormous potential for revolutionizing medical and thera- peutic techniques. (who.int)
This is therapeutic cloning. (who.int)
This cell then has therapeutic cloning: the global the capacity to divide and grow into an exact replica of the original from whom the debate somatic cell was taken. (who.int)

In 1-cell and 2-cell embryos Dnmt1s is derived from the oocyte, whereas from the 2-cell stage onward the embryo starts to synthesize its own Dnmt1s 8 . (nature.com)
Somatic cell cloning (cloning or nuclear transfer) is a technique in which the nucleus (DNA) of a somatic cell is transferred into an enucleated metaphase-II oocyte for the generation of a new individual, genetically identical to the somatic cell donor (Figure 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
A matured oocyte (c) is then enucleated (d) and a donor cell is transferred into the enucleated oocyte (e). (biomedcentral.com)

Induced pluripotent stem cells, another types of pluripotent stem cells derived from any tissue by reprogramming and are the homologous source of stem cells. (benthamscience.com)
The authors reviewed the biology of three types of pluripotent stem cells, embryonic stem cells, or ESCs, mesenchymal stem cells, or MSCs, and induced pluripotent stem cells, or iPS cells. (asu.edu)

With the cloning of a sheep known as Dolly in 1996 by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), the idea of human cloning became a hot debate topic. (wikipedia.org)
Four embryonic stem cell lines from human fetal somatic cells were derived from those blastocysts. (wikipedia.org)
Although the genome-wide DNA demethylation is believed to be a hallmark of mammalian embryogenesis, previous study also indicated that the somatic form of dnmt1 ( dnmt1s ) is actually expressed at each stage of pre-implantation embryos and plays a role in the maintenance of DNA imprinting 8 . (nature.com)
In reality, gene somatic cells to a pluripotent cell state by a handful of transcrip- expression is graded, making the potential gene expression tion factors (Takahashi and Yamanaka, 2006). (lu.se)
Tissue-specific stem cells (also known as Somatic Stem Cells) that appear during fetal development and remain in the body throughout life. (edu.au)
Cloning by nuclear transfer using mammalian somatic cells has enormous potential application. (biomedcentral.com)
However, somatic cloning has been inefficient in all species in which live clones have been produced. (biomedcentral.com)
These developmental defects have been attributed to incomplete reprogramming of the somatic nuclei by the cloning process. (biomedcentral.com)
Because cattle are a species widely used for nuclear transfer studies, and more laboratories have succeeded in cloning cattle than any other specie, this review will be focused on somatic cell cloning of cattle. (biomedcentral.com)
Schematic diagram of the somatic cloning process. (biomedcentral.com)
Developmental defects, including abnormalities in cloned fetuses and placentas, in addition to high rates of pregnancy loss and neonatal death have been encountered by every research team studying somatic cloning. (biomedcentral.com)

The mechanisms underlying the appearance of asymmetry between cells in the early embryo and consequently the specification of distinct cell lineages during mammalian development remain elusive. (nature.com)
Johnson, M. H. & Ziomek, C. A. The foundation of two distinct cell lineages within the mouse morula. (nature.com)
A unique and essential property of embryonic stem cells is the ability to self-renew and differentiate into multiple cell lineages. (biomedcentral.com)
Specifically, human iPS cells could be utilized to generate patient-specific lineages for a variety of translational research. (biomedcentral.com)
These stem cells are considered committed to certain cell lineages. (biomedcentral.com)

Up to the 2-cell embryo, blastomeres remain totipotent (Garner and McLaren, 1974). (conditionmed.org)
A fertilized egg is totipotent, meaning that its potential is total, and as the fertilized egg divides all the cells in the embryo remain totipotent until the fertilized egg has reached the 8/16-cell stage. (biomedcentral.com)

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) possess the ability to self-renew in an undifferentiated state in culture while retaining the ability to differentiate into all of the cell types in the human body. (biomedcentral.com)
It is also essential to understand how the inherited variation in the sex, stage, quality and genetic background of embryos, as well as environmental influences such as derivation methods and passage procedures can affect the ability of hES cell lines to self-renew and differentiate. (biomedcentral.com)
We explore the recently described metabolic surge event that occurs as pluripotency is lost and stem cells commit to differentiate. (conditionmed.org)
The have been applied to both the plant and ani- stem cells possess pluripotential charac- mal kingdoms without even stirring a ripple teristics, and can differentiate into various of concern in international conscience [ 2 ]. (who.int)
The pluripotent stem cells differentiate further into cells commonly called multipotent stem cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Until recently it was considered a fact that, for example, hematopoietic stem cells did not have the potential to differentiate into cells of other types than the cells constituting the blood system. (biomedcentral.com)

The stem cells suits human needs, does not cause harm and can be obtained from both adult and fetal does not conflict with religious beliefs, it has tissues, umbilical cord and early embryos. (who.int)
Multipotent stem cells are present in the adult individual as well as the fetus and umbilical cord. (biomedcentral.com)

The study of biology of stem cells is the hallmark of the recent emerging field of regenerative medicine and medical biotechnology. (benthamscience.com)
It is quite possible that the advances in human biology in the remainder of the twentieth century will be remembered as the most significant scientific achievement of the animal species known as Homo sapiens . (lifeissues.net)
To take human organ generation via BC and transplantation to the next step, we reviewed current emerging organ generation technologies and the associated efficiency of chimera formation in human cells from the standpoint of developmental biology. (frontiersin.org)
Understanding cell-fate decisions in stem cell populations is a major goal of modern biology. (lu.se)
Both ES cells and iPS cells are pluripotent stem cells with capabilities of indefinite self-renewal and can be differentiated into almost all cell types of the body, which make them valuable for studying early developmental biology, for modeling and as therapy for human diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
One of the greatest controversies triggered tissue, a stem cell encoding for heart tissue by the rapid pace of evolution in biology, will eventually develop into heart tissue particularly in genomics and biotechnology, and so on. (who.int)

Independently of the gestational periods, the qualitative evaluation showed the initial wash-in phase from the first appearance of the uterine artery to the rapid distribution in embryonic vesicles or placenta to the progressive washout, whilst there was no enhancement of either embryos or fetuses in any bitch. (edu.au)

Depending on the source, stem cells can be classified into two broad categories i.e. embryonic stem cells that are derived from embryos and non-embryonic stem cells that are derived from adult and fetal tissues. (benthamscience.com)

However, tissue rejection following ESCs derivatives transplantation greatly hinders its application. (benthamscience.com)
The differentiated ES cell cultures are heterogeneous and contain undifferentiated ES cells, which could result in teratoma formation after transplantation into the host. (biomedcentral.com)
Furthermore, the functionality of feeder-free cultured SSCs was confirmed by their transplantation into germ cell-depleted mice. (molcells.org)
in 1956 and Till and McCulloch in 1961, demonstrating that lethally irradiated mice could be rescued with cells from freshly isolated bone marrow [ 10 ] and that BM cells formed spleen clonies (CFU-S) following transplantation to irradiated recipients [ 30 ], respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
The Rosa26-targeted GS cells differentiated into fertility-competent sperm following transplantation. (cyberleninka.org)
On the other hand, Stra8-targeted GS cells showed defective spermatogenesis following transplantation, confirming its prime role in the initiation of meiosis. (cyberleninka.org)

In 2011, scientists at the New York Stem Cell Foundation announced that they had succeeded in generating embryonic stem cell lines, but their process involved leaving the oocyte's nucleus in place, resulting in triploid cells, which would not be useful for cloning. (wikipedia.org)

Resolution of cell fate decisions revealed by single-cell gene expression analysis from zygote to blastocyst. (nature.com)
Similarly, GATA-1 has been shown to induce lineage switching expression values even if, for simplicity, we assume only ``on'' of committed cells in hematopoiesis, first in cell lines (Kulessa and ``off'' states for each gene. (lu.se)
However, a profound variation in colony morphology, growth rate, BrdU incorporation, and relative abundance of gene expression in undifferentiated and differentiated states of the cell lines was observed. (biomedcentral.com)
The neomycin-resistant gene driven by the cardiac α-myosin heavy chain promoter was stably transfected into ES cells. (biomedcentral.com)
However, the mice were grossly normal when dab2 deletion was restricted to the embryo proper and the gene was retained in extraembryonic tissues using Meox2-Cre and Sox2-Cre. (biomedcentral.com)
A fragment of the Dab2 human cDNA was also isolated based on its frequent loss of expression in ovarian cancer, and was termed DOC-2 (Differentially expressed in ovarian carcinoma gene 2) [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
We are studying the role that normal chromatin structure plays in gene regulation in hematopoietic cells and how its disruption leads to altered development and cancer. (stanford.edu)
Both directed and random mutagenesis approaches, including the technologies of transgenesis and gene targeting in ES cells, have become commonplace. (biomedcentral.com)
Fluorescent protein reporters currently represent a superior alternative to other gene-based reporters such as the bacterial lacZ or human placental alkaline phosphatase in that their visualization is non-invasive, and as such does not require chromogenic substrates. (biomedcentral.com)
Deletion of DAZ gene is the most common causes of infertility in humans. (ijbs.com)
In studies initially focused on roles of nonmuscle myosin IIA (NMIIA) in the developing mouse epidermis, we have discovered that a previously described cytokeratin 5 (K5)-Cre gene construct is expressed in early embryo development. (shengsci.com)

In addition to these basic issues concerning leukemia pathogenesis, we are devising new diagnostic procedures for detecting and monitoring leukemia patients based on molecular genetic abnormalities in the malignant cells. (stanford.edu)
Transcriptionally repressed germ cells oligomerize and show no phenotypic abnormalities, indicating that the selective mRNA protection or degradation function results in germ granules. (sonexfinancial.com)
Many of these developmental abnormalities are common to human development. (edu.au)

increased public sensitivity and awareness together with the development of national regulations of governance of human cloning and embryo research in general. (lifeissues.net)
Recording and contextualizing the science of embryos, development, and reproduction. (asu.edu)
Pluripotent stem cells are a special cell type that can give rise to other types of cells and are essential for development. (asu.edu)
Robert describes part-human animals, otherwise known as chimeras, as those resulting from the intentional combination of human and nonhuman cells, tissues, or organs at any stage of development. (asu.edu)
Graham, C. F. & Lehtonen, E. Formation and consequences of cell patterns in preimplantation mouse development. (nature.com)
We therefore decided to investigate comprehensively the global and high-resolution DNA methylation dynamics during early development of a non-human primate (rhesus monkey, Macaca mulatta ). (nature.com)
Monkeys have served as one of the most valuable models for understanding DNA methylation dynamics during early embryogenesis in human due to their similarities in genetics and early embryonic development 17 , 18 . (nature.com)
Furthermore, due to ethical and legal concerns, very limited techniques can be applied to human embryos to validate some of significant conclusions drawn from descriptive studies regarding human embryonic development. (nature.com)
… "embryo" means a human organism during the first 56 days of its development following fertilization or creation, excluding any time during which its development has been suspended, and includes any cell derived from such an organism that is used for the purpose of creating a human being. (hinxtongroup.org)
Revealing cell populations catching the early stages of the human embryo development in naïve pluripotent stem cells. (axonmedchem.com)
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are capable of unlimited self-renewal and can give rise to all three germ layers, thereby providing a new platform with which to study mammalian development and epigenetic reprogramming. (molcells.org)
Conditional deletion indicates that Dab2 is dispensable for organ development, when the vast majority of the embryonic cells are dab2 null. (biomedcentral.com)
Here, we consider the metabolism of the early embryo through development, and look at the nutrient milieu within the developing stem cell niche. (conditionmed.org)
2020). This places metabolism at the forefront of development and cell state decisions. (conditionmed.org)
The developing embryo, from which pluripotent stem cells originate, undergoes a series of dynamic metabolic transitions synchronized to its molecular development. (conditionmed.org)
However, colocalization of germ cell development. (sonexfinancial.com)
During development, these will form extraembryonic and embryonic tissues, respectively. (bioone.org)
Following cumulus removal, 2i accelerated blastocyst development and increased inner cell mass (ICM) and trophoblast cell numbers by 30% and 27%, respectively. (bioone.org)
There are different types of stem cells that best can be described in the context of normal human development [ 23 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
A few of the cells in the inner cell mass will develop into the foetus, whereas the rest will form the placenta and other supporting tissues needed for foetal development in the uterus. (biomedcentral.com)
BACKGROUND: During normal human kidney development, nephrogenesis (the formation of nephrons) is complete by term birth, with the majority of nephrons formed late in gestation. (atlas-d2k.org)
The revised ontology will be an important tool for researchers studying urogenital development/malformation in mouse models and will improve our capacity to appropriately interpret these with respect to the human situation. (atlas-d2k.org)
These data provide insight into epigenetic errors that may be associated with the poor development of embryos generated from immature spermatozoa. (shengsci.com)

In 2004 and 2005, Hwang Woo-suk, a professor at Seoul National University, published two separate articles in the journal Science claiming to have successfully harvested pluripotent, embryonic stem cells from a cloned human blastocyst using SCNT techniques. (wikipedia.org)
The embryos were developed only to the blastocyst stage, at which point they were studied in processes that destroyed them. (wikipedia.org)
Fleming, T. P. A quantitative analysis of cell allocation to trophectoderm and inner cell mass in the mouse blastocyst. (nature.com)
In this regard, emerging technologies of chimeric human organ production via blastocyst complementation (BC) holds great promise. (frontiersin.org)
Cells derived from the BLASTOCYST INNER CELL MASS which forms before implantation in the uterine wall. (edu.au)
The blastocyst can then be transferred to a recipient (h) and cloned animals are born after completion of gestation (i). (biomedcentral.com)
In the mouse, a transporting epithelium is established around the 8-16-cell stage through a process known as compaction where cell definition is lost and the outer cells of the embryo form tight junctions, giving rise to the blastocyst. (conditionmed.org)
The blastocyst comprises the inner cell mass (ICM), which gives rise to the three primary germ layers and consequently the fetus, and the trophectoderm (TE), which gives rise to the extraembryonic and placental tissue. (conditionmed.org)
Compared to vehicle controls, 2i conditions increased the abundance of cumulus cells in bovine IVF cultures, which compromised blastocyst formation. (bioone.org)
Approximately five days after fertilization the totipotent cells have differentiated and started to form a hollow sphere of cells called a blastocyst. (biomedcentral.com)

Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol , Art. (mpi-cbg.de)

Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs, also called germline stem cells) are self-renewing unipotent stem cells that produce differentiating germ cells in the testis. (molcells.org)
Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs), also called germline stem cells, are unipotent precursor cells that self-renew and contribute to spermatogenesis in the testis. (molcells.org)
As pole cells resume cell division combivir pills online and ultimately generate the germline stem cells and their levels were normalized to the selective targeting of the maternal-to-zygotic transition in Drosophila reveals P body and ER associated proteins. (sonexfinancial.com)

Efficient generation of embryonic stem cells from single blastomeres of cryopreserved mouse embryos in the presence of signalling modulators. (axonmedchem.com)

These findings can be integrated in a new unified framework that regards the early mammalian embryo as a self-organizing system. (nature.com)

Rossant, J. & Lis, W. T. Potential of isolated mouse inner cell masses to form trophectoderm derivatives in vivo . (nature.com)
Keratin 5-Cre-driven excision of nonmuscle myosin IIA in early embryo trophectoderm leads to placenta defects and embryonic lethality. (shengsci.com)

This mechanism also applies to hematopoietic cells transformed by other HOX genes, including CDX2, which is highly expressed in a majority of acute myeloid leukemias, thus providing a molecular approach based on GSK-3 inhibitory strategies to target HOX-associated transcription in a broad spectrum of leukemias. (stanford.edu)

In 2015, biologist Helena D. Zomer and colleagues published the review article "Mesenchymal and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: General Insights and Clinical Perspectives" or "Mesenchymal and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells" in Stem Cells and Cloning: Advances and Applications. (asu.edu)

Piotrowska, K. & Zernicka-Goetz, M. Role for sperm in spatial patterning of the early mouse embryo. (nature.com)
Mechanochemical Principles of Spatial and Temporal Patterns in Cells and Tissues. (mpi-cbg.de)
Vertebrate embryos display a highly characteristic spatial patterning of tissues, including the arrangement of the neural tube, the somitic mesoderm and the notochord along the rostrocaudal (head-tail) length of the body axis( Fig. 1 ). (silverchair.com)
INTERPRETATION: These findings highlight spatial and temporal variability in nephrogenesis in the developing human kidney, whereas the relative cellular composition of glomeruli does not appear to be influenced by gestational age. (atlas-d2k.org)

In this case, each embryo was created by taking a nucleus from a skin cell (donated by Wood and a colleague) and inserting it into a human egg from which the nucleus had been removed. (wikipedia.org)

Our findings uncover functional combivir pills online plasticity of germ granules leads to defects in pole cells. (sonexfinancial.com)

2008). Historically, this concept is highlighted by the experi- factors are key intrinsic regulators of these fate decisions and mental phenomenon of lineage reprogramming, for example, that fate choice involves modulating networks of transcription by the conversion of fibroblasts to muscles cells following trans- factors. (lu.se)
We demonstrated that fully functional EHTs could be generated from physiologically relevant combinations of hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (70%), cardiac fibroblasts (15%) and cardiac endothelial cells (15%), using as few as 1.6 × 104 cells. (bvsalud.org)

However, iPSC generation may result in subtle epigenetic variations, such as the aberrant methylation of the Dlk1-Dio3 locus, among the clones, and this heterogeneity constitutes a major drawback to harnessing the full potential of iPSCs. (molcells.org)
However, iPSC generation is a slow, inefficient process, and not all of the resulting iPSC clones are functionally equivalent. (molcells.org)

In January 2008, Dr. Andrew French and Samuel Wood of the biotechnology company Stemagen announced that they successfully created the first five mature human embryos using SCNT. (wikipedia.org)
In 2013, a group of scientists led by Shoukhrat Mitalipov published the first report of embryonic stem cells created using SCNT. (wikipedia.org)
In this experiment, the researchers developed a protocol for using SCNT in human cells, which differs slightly from the one used in other organisms. (wikipedia.org)

Self-renewing cells that generate the main phenotypes of the nervous system in both the embryo and adult. (edu.au)
Time lapse movie of a pole cell to generate pattB-UASp-DCP1. (sonexfinancial.com)

mScarletI fluorescence increased gradually from the S-phase through the M-phase of the cell cycle and was lost at the metaphase-anaphase transition. (bvsalud.org)
Fluorescence intensity was measured from deconvolved STED images of individual germ granules accumulate around these nuclei and their levels combivir pills online were normalized to the linker sequences flanking sfGFP within the granules. (sonexfinancial.com)

However, the derivation of human NT-ESCs goes with the destruction of clone embryos, leading to fierce ethical disputes. (benthamscience.com)
These ethical concerns have prompted several nations to pass laws regarding human cloning. (wikipedia.org)
There, he reviews the scientific and ethical justifications and restrictions on creating part-human animals. (asu.edu)
Their report on human-animal chimeras set a worldwide precedent for discussions of the ethical use of those embryos in labs. (asu.edu)

The possibilities of human cloning have raised controversies. (wikipedia.org)
In the article published in the journal Nature on 1 October 2005, the authors say they wrote the article to dispel misconceptions about what stem cells are, what they do, address some controversies surrounding stem cells, and discuss potential uses of stem cells. (asu.edu)

What is more, by deriving NT-ESCs from patient cells, the problem of immune rejection may be avoided. (benthamscience.com)

Driever, W. & Nüsslein-Volhard, C. A gradient of bicoid protein in Drosophila embryos. (nature.com)
Driever, W. & Nüsslein-Volhard, C. The bicoid protein determines position in the Drosophila embryo in a concentration-dependent manner. (nature.com)
GCNA is a histone binding protein required for spermatogonial stem cell maintenance. (axonmedchem.com)
We confirmed that the feeder-free cultured SSCs expressed germ cell markers both at the mRNA and protein levels. (molcells.org)
We demonstrate here that GSK-3 maintains the MLL leukemia stem cell transcriptional program by promoting the conditional association of CREB and its coactivators TORC and CBP with homedomain protein MEIS1, a critical component of the MLL-subordinate program, which in turn facilitates HOX-mediated transcription and transformation. (stanford.edu)
We have previously demonstrated the utility and developmental neutrality of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) in embryonic stem (ES) cells and mice [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In this study we have used embryonic stem (ES) cell-mediated transgenesis to test the enhanced cyan fluorescent protein (ECFP) and enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP), two mutant and spectrally distinct color variants of wild type (wt) GFP. (biomedcentral.com)
We have also tested DsRed1, the novel red fluorescent protein reporter recently cloned from the Discostoma coral by virtue of its homology to GFP. (biomedcentral.com)
Tissue extracts of Mouse Testis (Lane 6) and Mouse Kidney (Lane 7) were electrophoresed using NuPAGE™ 3-8% Tris-Acetate Protein Gel (Product # EA0378BOX). (thermofisher.com)
The mature miRNA is then loaded onto an Argonaute protein (Ago2 in humans) where it then interacts with and regulates the mRNA target. (biomedcentral.com)

Cells from this region contribute to the neural tube and the somites, as well as to the notochord. (silverchair.com)
The progenitors of the lateral and dorsal neural tube, and of some somitic tissue,are found in an arc of epiblast tissue on either side of the primitive streak. (silverchair.com)

In humans the placental barriers are composed by the endothelium of the fetal capillaries, and two layers of trophoblast cells, the syncytiotrophoblast, composed of syncytia forming a continuous lining of the villous tree, and the cytotrophoblast, composed of single cells forming a discontinuous layer in the mature placenta (Figure 1). (biomedicineandprevention.com)
Schematic representation of part of the human placenta and magnification of a placental villus depicting its cellular organization. (biomedicineandprevention.com)
2 - 4 In particular, a clone of the BeWo cells, BeWo b30, shows a good ability to form syncytia upon stimulation with forskolin, an activator of adenylyl cyclase, better resembling the syncytiotrophoblast layer of the placenta. (biomedicineandprevention.com)

In his speech on "Biological Possibilities for the Human Species of the Next Ten Thousand Years" at the Ciba Foundation Symposium on Man and his Future in 1963, he said: It is extremely hopeful that some human cell lines can be grown on a medium of precisely known chemical composition. (wikipedia.org)
Several differences exist in placental organization among different mammalian species, making it difficult to automatically transpose toxicological results from common in vivo models, such as rodents, to humans. (biomedicineandprevention.com)
DAZ family proteins are found almost exclusively in germ cells in distant animal species. (ijbs.com)
Not only is this overall arrangement conserved, but the manner in which these axial tissues are produced is similar across vertebrate species. (silverchair.com)

Examples of multipotent stem cells are those producing blood, nerve and muscle cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Although several reports indicate an ability of multipotent stem cells to produce cells even outside their normal limits, most of these findings remain highly controversial. (biomedcentral.com)
The progressive generation of chick and mouse axial tissues - the spinal cord, skeleton and musculature of the body - has long been proposed to depend on the activity of multipotent stem cells. (silverchair.com)

The non-embryonic stem cells like adult stem cells are in clinical use for many years and embryonic stem cells are now emerging as an alternative source for the same purpose with huge potentials in drug discovery and toxicological studies. (benthamscience.com)

Modulation of LDL receptor endocytosis by Dab2 has also been studied in cultured cells [ 36 ], though a role in vivo has not yet been established. (biomedcentral.com)

diploid) chimeras comprising combinations of the ECFP and EYFP ES cells and/or embryos, demonstrate that populations of cells expressing each individual reporter can be distinguished within a single animal. (biomedcentral.com)

In mouse, only epiblast cells can be directly converted into cultured pluripotent embryonic stem cells, capable of forming all adult cell types. (bioone.org)
The postcranial axis (i.e. tissue caudal to the head) is then generated over an extended period in a rostral-to-caudal sequence by cells that are derived from the primitive streak and the adjacent epiblast cells, which together eventually form the tail bud. (silverchair.com)

In the gonad, the pole cells within the bulk cytoplasm. (sonexfinancial.com)

Currently, the efficiency for nuclear transfer is between 0-10%, i.e., 0-10 live births after transfer of 100 cloned embryos. (biomedcentral.com)
Various strategies have been employed to modify donor cells and the nuclear transfer procedure in attempts to improve the efficiency of nuclear transfer. (biomedcentral.com)
Although the efficiency of nuclear transfer has been dramatically improved from the initial success rate of one live clone born from 277 embryo transfers [ 1 ], none of the aforementioned efforts abolished the common problems associated with nuclear transfer. (biomedcentral.com)
Liu H, Wang JYS, Huang Y, Li Z, Gong W, Lehmann R, Lasko P. Isolation of new proteins provides a mechanism to regulate the activity and specificity of decapping complex to germ granules 1 nuclear cycle when larger germ granules. (sonexfinancial.com)

Figure 1: Classic models for lineage segregation in the early mouse embryo. (nature.com)
Louvet-Vallee, S., Vinot, S. & Maro, B. Mitotic spindles and cleavage planes are oriented randomly in the two-cell mouse embryo. (nature.com)
Rossant, J. & Vijh, K. M. Ability of outside cells from preimplantation mouse embryos to form inner cell mass derivatives. (nature.com)
We then validated the model in both primary mouse- and human pluripotent (embryonic) stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes showing that field potentials measured in MEAs could be converted to action potentials that were essentially identical to those determined directly by electrophysiological patch clamp. (bvsalud.org)
Mouse embryonic fibroblast cells (MEFs) carrying an Oct4-GFP reporter were derived from day 13.5 embryos of the OG2 transgenic mouse strain and were cultured in Fibro Gro Low Serum (F.Gro) medium (Millipore). (molcells.org)
In order, therefore, to obtain a purified cardiomyocyte population from mouse ES cells, several approaches have been developed. (biomedcentral.com)
Mouse ES cell-derived EBs were dissociated using collagenase, followed with a modified procedure by Isenberg and Klockner in 1982 to prepare the calcium-tolerant ventricular myocytes [ 18 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Mapping all miRNAs to the tammar genome and comparing target genes among tammar, mouse and human, we identified 163 conserved target genes. (biomedcentral.com)
Much of the early patterning of the embryo is orchestrated during gastrulation by signals from a midline structure, known as the primitive streak in chick and mouse embryos. (silverchair.com)
However, human anatomical terms do not always superimpose on the mouse, and the lack of accurate and standardised nomenclature is hampering the utility of such animal models. (atlas-d2k.org)
Summary Mouse spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) can be cultured for multiplication and maintained for long periods while preserving their spermatogenic ability. (cyberleninka.org)

To this end, we have established lines of ES cells together with viable and fertile mice having widespread expression of either the ECFP or EYFP GFP-variant reporters. (biomedcentral.com)
The ECFP and EYFP-expressing transgenic ES cells and mice that we have generated provide sources of cells and tissues for combinatorial, double-tagged recombination experiments, chimeras or transplantations. (biomedcentral.com)
Tudor-related proteins TDRD1/MTR-1, TDRD6 and TDRD7/TRAP: domain composition, intracellular localization, and function in male germ cells in mice. (shengsci.com)
In mice, nuage that is prominent in postnatal male germ cells is also called intermitochondrial cement or chromatoid bodies. (shengsci.com)

Stem cells are emerging as an important source of material for diseases in regenerative medicine. (benthamscience.com)
The use of various types of stem cells for research purposes to make disease "models" in the lab for regenerative medicine and for "therapies" to cure sick patients for diseases is constantly in the news. (lifeissues.net)
1 Institute for Stem Cell Research and MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine,University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JQ,UK. (silverchair.com)

Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are pivotal for maintaining the lifelong sperm production of mammalian males. (cyberleninka.org)

Ontology changes were based on recently published insights into the cellular and gross anatomy of these structures, and on new analyses of epithelial cell types present in the pelvic urethra and regions of the bladder. (atlas-d2k.org)

An in-depth analysis aiming at re-defining this terminology according to the new developments in human embryo research would be highly beneficial . (lifeissues.net)
In 1972, Peter Mazur, Stanley Leibo, and Ernest Chu published, "A Two-Factor Hypothesis of Freezing Injury: Evidence from Chinese Hamster Tissue-culture Cells," hereafter, "A Two-Factor Hypothesis of Freezing Injury," in the journal, Experimental Cell Research. (asu.edu)
Published in 2002, prostate cancer researcher John R. Masters authored a review article HeLa Cells 50 Years On: The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly that described the historical and contemporary context of the HeLa cell line in research in Nature Reviews Cancer. (asu.edu)
In 2007, the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority in London, UK, published Hybrids and Chimeras: A Report on the Findings of the Consultation, which summarized a public debate about research on, and suggested policy for, human animal chimeras. (asu.edu)
These unique capabilities make hESCs a renewable source of a wide range of cell types for potential use in research and cell-based drug screening and therapies for many diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
These cells have been in high demand for use in basic and applied biomedical research. (biomedcentral.com)
International bi-monthly journal of cell signaling, tissue protection, and translational research. (conditionmed.org)
The cultured SSCs, named germline stem (GS) cells, are now useful in research on various aspects of spermatogenesis. (cyberleninka.org)

Anatomy66

Organisms10

Diseases9

Chemicals and Drugs38

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment64

Psychiatry and Psychology2

Phenomena and Processes57

Disciplines and Occupations8

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Humanities10

Information Science4

Health Care2

Vitro20

Extra-embryonic3

Primordial5

Male and female germ c2

Differentiation18

Reproductive8

Pluripotent stem2

Stage embryos2

Embryoid bodies2

Therapeutic9

Oocyte3

Types of pluripotent stem2

Somatic11

Lineages5

Remain totipotent2

Differentiate6

Umbilical cord2

Biology6

Fetuses1

Fetal tissues1

Transplantation6

Embryonic stem cell1

Gene11

Abnormalities3

Development23

Blastocyst10

Biol1

Germline stem cells3

Blastomeres1

Early mammalian1

Trophectoderm2

Hematopoietic Cells1

Mesenchymal1

Spatial4

Created by taking a1

Defects1

Fibroblasts2

IPSC2

SCNT3

Generate2

Fluorescence2

Ethical4

Controversies2

ESCs1

Protein10

Neural2

Placenta3

Species4

Multipotent3

Adult stem1

Vivo1

Populations1

Epiblast cells2

Cytoplasm1

Nuclear4

Mouse11

Mice4

Regenerative3

Spermatogonial1

Epithelial cell1

Research8