Germ cells plant. Medical search. Frequent questions

Bacteria are one-celled germs that multiply quickly. (medlineplus.gov)
Bladder Relief 911 not only strengthens the weak bladder muscles but also eliminates germs and bacteria from the system. (outlookindia.com)
It is 100% effective in treating all kinds of bladder problems such as the elimination of bacteria, reducing itching, reducing urine frequency, and flushing out germs. (outlookindia.com)
This leads to fewer germs and bacteria in your bladder and strengthens your weak muscles. (outlookindia.com)
Chloroplasts (photosynthesis) in green plants and algae originated as free living bacteria related to the cyanobacteria [the chloroplastic DNA is more similar to free-living Cyanobacteria DNA than to sequences from the plants the chloroplasts reside in]. (tripod.com)
Recent research with animal cells, yeasts and bacteria show that damaged cell constituents do in fact build up, but can be diluted by growth and cell division, especially by asymmetric cell division. (sheldrake.org)
The term "germs" refers to the microscopic bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa that can cause disease. (kidshealth.org)
But they are bigger than bacteria and contain a nucleus and other cell structures, making them more similar to plant and animal cells. (kidshealth.org)
Clean Kids Naturall y Kiwi Germ busting soap safely washes away harmful bacteria on small, active hands. (gabrielcosmeticsinc.com)
The immune system usually reacts to and attacks bacteria, viruses, and cancer cells. (msdmanuals.com)

In adults, GCNH is expressed mainly in the germ cells of gonads and is involved in the regulation of embryogenesis and germ cell differentiation. (wikipedia.org)
The best evidence suggests that most are due to abnormal differentiation of fetal germ cells that arise from the fetal yolk sac. (medscape.com)
Starting from the zygotic genome, stage- and cell-type-specific transcription factors initiate regulatory cascades that induce cell differentiation. (nature.com)
Altered epigenomes can lead to changes in programmed cell differentiation or, when accidental, to disease (bottom right). (nature.com)
Leo W. Buss (1987) in a pioneering monograph has explored the transition from unicellular to multicellular organisms in great detail, and has exemplified how the competition among cells for differential propagation by fission created obstacles to the emergence of multicellular organisms with cellular differentiation (i.e., division of labor). (ac.be)
Of the 17 multicellular taxa, only 3 groups the plants, the fungi, and the animals have developed cellular differentiation in more than a handful of species. (ac.be)
With differentiation comes the distinction between germ cells and somatic cells. (ac.be)

Knoll A, Schröpfer S, Puchta H. The RTR complex as caretaker of genome stability and its unique meiotic function in plants. (wikipedia.org)
In new research published online September 20 in the journal Cell , Martienssen and colleagues show that genome reprogramming through these epigenetic mechanisms is guided by small RNAs and is passed on to the next generation. (sciencedaily.com)
This reprogramming stops the transposons from jumping around in the germ cells, and this protects the integrity of the genome between generations. (jic.ac.uk)
This whole package of DNA (genome) and protein (epigenome) in a chromosome is what controls the development and maintenance of eukaryotic organisms (protists, fungi, animals, and plants). (carnivorousplants.org)
The CRISPR/Cas9 system has been applied in a large number of animal and plant species for genome editing. (omniab.com)
During the replication of retroviruses, a double-stranded DNA copy of the viral RNA genome is synthesized by reverse transcription and integrated into the genomes of the infected cell. (virology.ws)
The Plant Genome. (rothamsted.ac.uk)
During aging, environmental stressors and mutations along with reduced DNA repair cause germ cell aneuploidy and genome instability, which limits fertility and embryo development. (bvsalud.org)
These studies reveal a previously unknown quality control mechanism by which indole integrates DNA repair and cell death responses to preclude germ cell aneuploidy and ensure transgenerational genome integrity. (bvsalud.org)

A second important observation made by the team was of the loss of methylation in "nurse cells. (sciencedaily.com)
Methylation at these same sites is retained in the associated sperm cells, and, too, is associated with accumulation of 24 nucleotide siRNA. (sciencedaily.com)
This study aimed to solve a long-term debate on whether the germ cells in plants undergo an event of DNA methylation reprogramming at each reproductive cycle. (jic.ac.uk)
DNA methylation reprogramming - known to exist in animals - occurs most dramatically in germ cells and regulates the reproductive success from generation to generation. (jic.ac.uk)
Published today in Nature Genetics the John Innes Centre team worked in collaboration with colleagues from the University of Leicester to reveal for the first time the existence of DNA methylation changes in the germline of flowering plants. (jic.ac.uk)
But because plants carry DNA methylation information really well through generations, it was believed there was not much methylation reprogramming going on in plant germ cells. (jic.ac.uk)
What we have discovered shows plant germ cells also go through methylation reprogramming and functionally it is essential. (jic.ac.uk)
Dr Feng explained "Our research shows that developmentally regulated DNA methylation reprogramming can regulate plant development. (jic.ac.uk)
We show that genes can be regulated in specific cells via the de novo DNA methylation pathway, which is prevalent in many plant tissues, hence this mechanism may apply to many processes in plants. (jic.ac.uk)
Additionally, understanding how DNA methylation is inherited through the germ cells is essential for understanding the transgenerational stability of incurred methylation changes. (jic.ac.uk)
The exciting research, published in Science , reveals the molecular mechanism of DNA methylation reprogramming in the male germline of plants. (jic.ac.uk)
For example, through the manipulation of small RNA directed DNA methylation of the cells that directly contribute to seed formation and the breeding process. (jic.ac.uk)
The molecular mechanism our work revealed pushes our understanding of de novo DNA methylation to the next level, showing how new methyl marks are established at specific sites in specific cells. (jic.ac.uk)
Resetting of epigenetic marks, such as DNA methylation, in germ cells or early embryos is not always complete. (ox.ac.uk)

Fungi are primitive plant-like organisms such as mushrooms, mold, mildew, and yeasts. (medlineplus.gov)
The potential immortality paradigm sees some cells as potentially immortal, especially unicellular organisms, germ cells and cancerous cells. (sheldrake.org)
Fungi (pronounced: FUN-guy) are multicelled, plant-like organisms. (kidshealth.org)
The site breaks down their logic by explaining how everyone is made up of trillions of single-cell organisms that protect us against germs, break down our meals, release energy, and produce vitamins - this is called the microbiome . (popsugar.com)

The process of germ cell development in plants, from the primordial PLANT GERM CELLS to the mature haploid PLANT GAMETES. (harvard.edu)
In this group, the gametophyte (haploid) generation does not occur as an independent plant (as in ferns). (tripod.com)
Plant germ cells develop in specialized haploid structures, termed gametophytes. (shengsci.com)

In cells undergoing homologous recombination during meiosis, DNA intermediates are processed as an essential step in the exchange of information between parental homologous chromosomes. (wikipedia.org)
Germline Gene Editing in Chickens by Efficient CRISPR-Mediated Homologous Recombination in Primordial Germ cells. (omniab.com)

Two years ago Sundaresan and a postdoctoral fellow in his laboratory, Gabriela Pagnussat, used genetic tools to shift the position of a single nucleus at one end of an embryo sac in the plant Arabidopsis. (ucdavis.edu)

An improved understanding of the basic processes governing germ cell and embryo development and of the biology of gametes (sperm and oocytes) and embryonic stem cells will enable us to improve reproductive efficiency, generate animal models of human and animal disease and help provide the knowledge base for regenerative medicine, as well as toward the treatment of infertility. (upenn.edu)
By contrast, mammalian embryonic stem cells and many cancerous and 'immortalized' cell lines divide symmetrically, and yet replicate indefinitely. (sheldrake.org)

Chromosomes got their name by early cell biologists when they observed certain dark-staining objects in dividing cells. (carnivorousplants.org)
In human dividing cells 46 chromosomes can be observed. (carnivorousplants.org)
The fate of plant hybrids in nature depends very much on the compatibility of the chromosomes of the parents, which parent is the seed parent, and the exact circumstances of the event. (carnivorousplants.org)
Germ cells may be formed from the somatic cells indicating similar nature of chromosomes and gene make up in two cell lines e.g. (selfstudyanthro.com)

The plant works by increasing the number of white blood cells in the body that fight off germs and stop viruses from spreading. (dailymail.co.uk)
Viruses can only live for a very short time outside other living cells. (kidshealth.org)

Teratomas (from Greek teras, "monster," and - oma, a suffix denoting a tumor or neoplasm) and other germ cell tumors (GCTs) are relatively common solid neoplasms in children. (medscape.com)

Somehow the germ cells exchange proliferation by fission within the organism for reproduction by seed across generations, and the specialized somatic cells gain in reproductive opportunities by fission within the organism. (ac.be)
Indeed, if passed, Hatch/Feinstein/Kerry would explicitly legalize doing in humans the very cloning procedure -- somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) -- that was used to make Dolly the sheep . (lifeissues.net)
Effect of environment on germ cells through the somatic cells e.g. (selfstudyanthro.com)
b) Germ cells can carry somatic changes to next progeny (Harrison's experiment). (selfstudyanthro.com)

We discuss how these results may help to interpret the emerging data on transgenerational epigenetic inheritance in plants and animals. (ox.ac.uk)

Benevolent commensal microbiota and dietary plants secrete indoles, which improve healthspan and reproductive success, suggesting regulation of germ cell quality. (bvsalud.org)

When the group discovered that auxin was accumulating at the open end of the ovule, they turned their attention to this ubiquitous hormone, which is known to play myriad signaling roles in plant growth and behavioral processes. (ucdavis.edu)

In this study, the protective effect of a fermented wheat germ extract (FWGE) against LPS-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in IPEC-J2 porcine intestinal epithelial cells was studied. (hindawi.com)
A fermented wheat germ extract (FWGE) is a natural nontoxic substance which is already used in the human medicine as a supportive therapy in cancer patients under radiotherapy and chemotherapy [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)

The germ cell nuclear factor (GCNF), also known as RTR (retinoid receptor-related testis-associated receptor) or NR6A1 (nuclear receptor subfamily 6, group A, member 1), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NR6A1 gene. (wikipedia.org)
Genomic structure of the gene for mouse germ-cell nuclear factor (GCNF). (wikipedia.org)
Although a small number of 3' regulatory regions have been identified and validated so far, many studies have shown that plant 3' regulatory regions have a higher potential to regulate gene expression in plants compared to widely used 3' regulatory regions, such as NOS and OCS from Agrobacterium tumefaciens and 35S from cauliflower mosaic virus. (frontiersin.org)
In this review, we discuss the role of 3' regulatory regions in gene expression, and the superior potential that plant 3' regulatory regions have compared to NOS, OCS and 35S 3' regulatory regions. (frontiersin.org)
Polyadenylation is essential for the stability of the transcript, preventing the mRNA from being the target of posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS) via RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 6 (RDR6) in plants ( Luo and Chen, 2007 ). (frontiersin.org)
In the meiocytes, these small RNAs also target genes with similar DNA sequences as the source transposons, helping to control gene expression and facilitate meiosis, a type of cell division that leads to the production of sperm. (jic.ac.uk)
Zettner MA, Flor S, Ludewig G, Wagner J, Robertson LW, Lehmann L. Quinoid metabolites of 4-monochlorobiphenyl induce gene mutations in cultured Chinese hamster v79 cells. (who.int)

In humans and other animals, the germ cells for production of eggs and sperm are established at birth. (ucdavis.edu)
As germline (eggs and sperm) cells develop some of the methyl markers are reset, affecting the information passed onto the next generation. (jic.ac.uk)

What if, by adding a couple of cell layers inside a corn kernel, the grain could become significantly richer in essential nutrients like iron, zinc, and protein? (phys.org)
It may also raise the production of interferon, a protein that prevents the virus from reproducing in cells, killing off the infection. (dailymail.co.uk)
The John Innes Centre team discovered that tapetal cells produce an abundance of small RNA molecules and observed that this is caused by a protein called CLSY3, found specifically within tapetal cells in the anther. (jic.ac.uk)
SYCO localizes to the mitochondria, and ultrastructural analysis of mutant central cells revealed that the protein is necessary for mitochondrial cristae integrity. (shengsci.com)

Mutter suggested that these genes or the cells have only the maternal imprint because many teratomas arise from a parthenogenetically activated egg. (medscape.com)
Launching the next generation: Nuclear and cytoplasmic reprogramming during germ cell to maternal. (cornell.edu)

What we did know," says Professor and HHMI-GBMF Investigator Rob Martienssen, Ph.D., of Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL), "was that epigenetic inheritance -- the inheritance by offspring of chemical "tags" present in parental DNA that modify the expression of genes -- is much more widespread in plants than in animals. (sciencedaily.com)
Are those animals or plants? (tparents.org)
Parasites are animals or plants that survive by living on or in other living things. (medlineplus.gov)
Techniques have been developed to enable the modification of individual genes in animals and plants and thereby precisely alter inherited traits. (upenn.edu)
These genetically altered animals and plants are called transgenic and are of enormous value in medicine and agriculture. (upenn.edu)
In 1974, I published a paper in Nature on the ageing growth and death of cells in which I put forward a new hypothesis that accounts for many of the facts of cellular senescence and regeneration in plants and in animals. (sheldrake.org)
This kind of asymmetric division takes place in the growing regions of plants, the meristems, and in stem cells in animals. (sheldrake.org)
It also occurs in the formation of egg cells in plants and animals. (sheldrake.org)
In animals these very mortal sisters of the egg cell are called polar bodies. (sheldrake.org)
The ageing and death of cells in higher plants and higher animals are discussed in relation to cellular rejuvenation by growth and division. (sheldrake.org)

Patterns are ubiquitous in living systems and underlie the dynamic organization of cells, tissues, and embryos. (mpi-cbg.de)

A long-standing mystery surrounding a fundamental process in plant biology has been solved by a team of scientists at the University of California, Davis. (ucdavis.edu)
So the sequence becomes clear now," said Venkatesan Sundaresan, the UC Davis professor of plant biology and plant sciences who led the study. (ucdavis.edu)
The primary mission was to undertake innovative research on stem cell biology, germ cell development, and animal transgenesis. (upenn.edu)
tools for functional genomics and cell biology. (springer.com)

During embryonic development in humans and other mammals, sperm and egg cells are essentially wiped clean of chemical modifications to DNA called epigenetic marks. (sciencedaily.com)
DEHP causes reproductive effects (testicular dysgenesis, Leydigcell dysfunction, cryptorchidism, and hypospadias) in male rodents, which are similar to risk factors for testicular germ cell cancer in humans. (cdc.gov)

The testis is the natural stem cell reservoir for the formation of male germ cells. (phys.org)
It's given name is the "Human Cloning Ban and Stem Cell Research Protection Act of 2003," the stated purpose of which, supposedly, is to "prohibit human cloning and to protect important areas of medical research, including stem cell research. (lifeissues.net)

At some point, cells swallowed up these primitive germs. (searsu.com)

Gametogenesis, Plant" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (harvard.edu)

Toxic products don't just kill germs, they also kill your cells. (deliciousliving.com)

What about disease cells-germs? (tparents.org)
Mastigonemes, tripartite tubular hairs on the anterior flagellum of Phytophthora zoospores, are instrumental for disease dissemination to new host plants. (springer.com)

The John Innes Centre team led by Dr Xiaoqi Feng made the discovery when studying germ cells - cells specialised for sexual reproduction - in flowering plants. (jic.ac.uk)
The key role played by these small RNAs in determining the inherited DNA methylome indicates convergent functional evolution between plant and animal reproduction," says corresponding author Dr Xiaoqi Feng, Group Leader at the John Innes Centre. (jic.ac.uk)

This node is implemented by differential propagation of the seeds produced by the germ cells. (ac.be)

Finally, the group used their discovery to make additional egg cells within plant reproductive structures, raising the prospects that these techniques may someday be used for enhancing the reproduction and fertility of crop plants. (ucdavis.edu)
Study and manipulation of male germ line stem cells has implications for control of fertility, large animal transgenesis and genetic preservation. (upenn.edu)

It has long been known that in plants, as the male germline pollen grains develop, they give rise to two sperm cells, and a structure called the vegetative nucleus, also known as the "nurse cell" because it provides energy and nourishment to the sperm cells. (sciencedaily.com)
Are there male germs and female germs? (tparents.org)
Chen Y, Müller F, Rieu I & Winter P (2016) Epigenetic events in plant male germ cell heat stress responses. (ru.nl)
Understanding this process is a prerequisite for enabling the formation of male germ cells "in the test tube. (phys.org)
Inside the plant's male reproductive parts (the anthers), cells that will divide to produce the sperm (meiocytes) are surrounded by cells that nourish them. (jic.ac.uk)

If there is no nose, that means that a germ can survive in a complete vacuum. (tparents.org)
They need to use another cell's structures to reproduce, which means they can't survive unless they're living inside something else (such as a person, animal, or plant). (kidshealth.org)
Some protozoa are parasites, which means that they need to live on or in another organism (like an animal or plant) to survive. (kidshealth.org)

The study is also important in fundamental biological terms, joint first author Dr James Walker explains, "Our work demonstrates that paternal epigenetic inheritance is determined by tapetal cells, which drive reprogramming at a scale unprecedented in plants. (jic.ac.uk)
4538 / GF4 "Development of biotechnology for the creation of genetically modified potato plants with increased resistance to abiotic stresses based on the optimization of the expression of mutated variants of the AteIF2α transgene", scientific supervisor - Dr. of Biological Sciences. (org.kz)

Frontiers in Plant Science 7: Article Number 111 (11p. (ru.nl)
Frontiers in Plant Science. (rothamsted.ac.uk)

MVA-ID immunizations induce greater germinal center Tfh and B cell responses, reduced the ratio of Th1 to Tfh cells in blood and showed lower activation of intermediate monocytes and inflammasome compared to MVA-IM immunizations. (bvsalud.org)

Driedonks N, Rieu I & Vriezen WH (2016) Breeding for plant heat tolerance at vegetative and reproductive stages. (ru.nl)
b) Vegetative propagation in plants like Bryophyllum (with foliar buds). (selfstudyanthro.com)

I analysed the sap from several species of plants to see if it did contain breakdown products and enzymes of the kind likely to be involved in the autolysis, or self-digestion, of the differentiating xylem cells, and found that indeed it did. (sheldrake.org)
Elsa Cabrita will talk about Cryopreservation of Germ cells for the production of marine species, at CCMAR Seminars by Izasa Scientific, on 31st of May. (ualg.pt)

Alejandro Perez N & Peters Jl (2016) Epigenetics - An emerging tool in plant science. (ru.nl)

The familiar leafy plant of Bryophytes is the sexual, gamete-producing (gametophyte) generation of their life cycle. (tripod.com)
The female gametophyte patterns of flowering plants are diverse, with often unknown adaptive value. (shengsci.com)

How this process worked during plant reproduction has until now, been unclear. (jic.ac.uk)
This has not removed the competition among cells for reproduction by fission. (ac.be)

This discovery changes the way we think about epigenetic inheritance across generations in plants by showing that small RNAs produced by germline nurse cells can determine the DNA methylome in the sperm. (jic.ac.uk)

To test the theory that this gradient was determining the fate of nuclei in the sac, Sundaresan and his group created a series of genetically manipulated Arabadopsis plants. (ucdavis.edu)

In flowering plants the scenario is dramatically different. (sciencedaily.com)
The DNA in germ cells can exist in two dramatically different states: in one, it is very densely packed and essentially inaccessible to the cellular machinery that enables individual genes to be "expressed. (sciencedaily.com)

Within the flower, sperm cells are produced by pollen at the tips of stamens, while egg cells develop in ovules, tiny structures embedded in the ovary at the base of the pistil. (ucdavis.edu)

Its expression pattern suggests that it may be involved in neurogenesis and germ cell development. (wikipedia.org)
The research funded by BBSRC is a key breakthrough in fundamental understanding of epigenetic regulation of plant development. (jic.ac.uk)
Understanding how this naturally occurs during plant development is the first step in understanding how specific genes can be targeted by this epigenetic modification and hence regulated. (jic.ac.uk)
Fig. 1: Epigenetic mechanisms that maintain cell identities during development and throughout life. (nature.com)
First, this is the first definitive report of a plant hormone acting as a morphogen, that is, a substance that directs the pattern of development of cells based on its concentration. (ucdavis.edu)
At the start of the process of egg-cell development, a "mother cell" in the ovule divides several times, in a sequence involving both meiosis and mitotic divisions. (ucdavis.edu)
Investigation and development of optimum cell culture media used for germ cell lines both in the laboratory and for use on the farm as assisted reproductive technologies. (upenn.edu)
RNA-Seq analyses indicate that PnMas1 and PnMas2 genes have similar expression profiles both in vitro and in planta but that PnMas3 is expressed temporally prior to PnMas1 and PnMas2 during asexual development and plant infection. (springer.com)
Expression of heavy chain-only antibodies can support B-cell development in light chain knockout chickens. (omniab.com)
Our results thus identify an unexpected noncell autonomous role for mitochondria in the regulation of cellular lifespan and provide a basis for the coordinated development of gametic and nongametic cells. (shengsci.com)
Toward this end, an insertional transgenic mouse mutant has been isolated that results in abnormal germ-cell development. (shengsci.com)
2004), a mortality study of U.S. workers in a plastics manufacturing and research and development plant (Selenskas et al. (cdc.gov)

If so, our understanding of cellular senescence, rejuvenation and potential immortality could be brought together in a new synthesis, which I call the cellular rejuvenation hypothesis: damaged cell constituents build up in all cells, but cells can be rejuvenated either by growth and cell division or, in 'immortal' cell lines, by excreting damaged cell constituents. (sheldrake.org)

In addition, after transcription, a wide array of RNA-binding proteins interacts with cis -acting elements located mainly in the 3' untranslated region, determining the fate of mRNAs in eukaryotic cells. (frontiersin.org)

Combined treatment of FWGE and 5-fluorouracil or dacarbazine resulted in a synergistic effect in the HCR-25 human cancer cell line and B16 murine melanoma cell line [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
There is joyful expression within the germ world and joyful expression in the human world. (tparents.org)
It is a cornerstone of epigenetics - one of the fastest growing fields in life sciences with potential to deliver improvements in human and plant health. (jic.ac.uk)
Ozone, an important component of smog, is a highly reactive and unstable gas capable of damaging living cells, such as those in human lungs. (ca.gov)
Ozone is a powerful oxidant - its actions can be compared to household bleach, which can kill living cells (such as germs or human skin cells) upon contact. (ca.gov)
Antigen-specific single B cell sorting and expression-cloning from immunoglobulin humanized rats: a rapid and versatile method for the generation of high affinity and discriminative human monoclonal antibodies. (omniab.com)
In terms of human data, another suggested research need would be to look at studies of testicular germ cell cancer. (cdc.gov)

In both cases, the meiotic division of the egg mother cell results in one supremely regenerated cell, the egg cell, and three other cells which soon die. (sheldrake.org)

2. Tracheophyta (vascular plants, higher plants): This group consists of plants that have a vascular system, i.e., xylem and phloem (water/mineral and food-conducting tissues, respectively). (tripod.com)
Mechanochemical Principles of Spatial and Temporal Patterns in Cells and Tissues. (mpi-cbg.de)

Germ-cell deficient (gcd), an insertional mutation manifested as infertility in transgenic mice. (shengsci.com)
obtaining transgenic plants producing recombinant vaccines, proteins for medical purposes. (org.kz)

Additionally, all immunizations were administered intradermally (ID) to reduce induction of vaccine-specific IFNÎ³+ CD4 T cell responses. (bvsalud.org)
Comparison with a previous study that used similar immunogens via intramuscular route (IM) showed that ID immunizations induced markedly lower SHIV specific CD4 and CD8 T cell responses compared to IM immunizations. (bvsalud.org)
The vaccine-induced IFNÎ³ secreting CD8 T cell responses showed a direct association and CD4 T cells showed an inverse association with delay in acquisition of SHIV infection. (bvsalud.org)

Biologists have long sought to understand how a fertilized egg can form an organism composed of hundreds of specialized cell types, each expressing a defined set of genes. (nature.com)

At Sam's Club®, we offer a range of cleansers that not only eliminate dust, dirt and grime but also 99.9% of germs. (samsclub.com)
They'll quickly eliminate germs from surfaces and come in bulk packs to make stocking up on essential disinfectants super easy. (samsclub.com)
Disinfecting sprays are the original cleaning powerhouses, helping you eliminate dirt and germs in each spritz. (samsclub.com)

A new study has revealed an undiscovered reprogramming mechanism that allows plants to maintain fitness down the generations. (jic.ac.uk)
Polyploidy is an important mechanism in the evolution of plants. (tripod.com)

Over time, they have become our cellular power plants. (searsu.com)

Molecular biotechnology has made it possible to explore the potential of plants for different purposes. (frontiersin.org)
A complex interaction between the cleavage and polyadenylation molecular complex and cis -elements determine the polyadenylation site, which may result in the choice of non-canonical sites, resulting in alternative polyadenylation events, involved in the regulation of more than 80% of the genes expressed in plants. (frontiersin.org)

These small RNAs were shown to move from the tapetal cells into the meiocytes. (jic.ac.uk)
However, the most abundant class of small RNAs in flowering plants is poorly understood. (arizona.edu)

The findings have wide application across plant and animal kingdoms and provide a vital new clue for the world-wide community of researchers studying epigenetics. (jic.ac.uk)

Anatomy56

Organisms39

Diseases22

Chemicals and Drugs49

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment20

Psychiatry and Psychology2

Phenomena and Processes73

Disciplines and Occupations2

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture11

Information Science4

Health Care3

Bacteria10

Differentiation7

Genome9

Methylation14

Organisms4

Haploid3

Homologous recombination2

Arabidopsis1

Embryonic stem2

Chromosomes4

Viruses2

Tumor1

Somatic4

Transgenerational1

Reproductive success1

Processes1

Fermented wheat g2

Gene7

Eggs and sperm2

Protein4

Maternal2

Animals10

Embryos1

Biology4

Humans2

Stem cell2

Primitive1

MeSH1

Toxic1

Disease2

Xiaoqi Feng2

Seeds produced1

Fertility2

Male5

Survive3

Biological2

Frontiers2

Induce1

Vegetative2

Species2

20161

Gametophyte2

Reproduction2

Epigenetic inheritance1

Genetically1

Dramatically2

Structures1

Development12

Understanding1

Eukaryotic1

Human7

Meiotic1

Tissues2

Transgenic2

Responses3

Organism1

Eliminate3

Mechanism2

Cellular1

Molecular2

RNAs2

Epigenetics1