Germ cell proliferation. Medical search. Frequent questions

In girls younger than 9 years, 80% of ovarian masses are malignant and are generally germ cell tumors. (medscape.com)
In the malignant tumors, both proliferation activity and expression of the telomerase-associated RNA significantly increased. (nih.gov)
Germ cell tumors (GCTs) are the most common malignancies in young men. (uni-goettingen.de)
This study retrospectively analyzed serum lymphocyte subsets and survival outcomes in intracranial germ cell tumors (iGCTs) patients. (researchsquare.com)
Intracranial Germ Cell Tumors (iGCTs) are rare brain tumors that originate from embryonic germ cells. (researchsquare.com)
Classification of central nervous system germ cell tumors according to the World Health Organization divides them into germinoma and non-germinoma germ cell tumors(NGGCTs), with 6 different types of the latter, which includes teratoma, embryonal carcinoma, endodermal sinus tumor (yolk sac tumor), chorionic epithelioma (also called choriocarcinoma) and mixed germ cell tumors(GCTs) 7 (including above components sometimes teratoma and germinoma as well). (researchsquare.com)
Therefore the application of immunotherapy has driven the treatment of brain tumors to the study of the response of intratumoral and systemic immune cells and cytokines to these malignancies 10 - 12 . (researchsquare.com)
Originating from cells producing eggs in girls and sperm in boys, these tumors can occur in various body parts. (paragraph.xyz)
Teratomas (from Greek teras, meaning "monster," and - oma, a suffix denoting a tumor or neoplasm) and other germ cell tumors are relatively common solid neoplasms in children. (medscape.com)
These tumors are grouped together because they all appear to arise from postmeiotic germ cells. (medscape.com)
Normal migration of these germ cells may cause gonadal tumors, whereas abnormal migration produces extragonadal tumors. (medscape.com)
In 1965, Teilum first suggested the germ cell origin of gonadal tumors. (medscape.com)
This definition excludes other tumors that may affect the thymus, such as lymphoma and germ cell tumors. (medscape.com)

The encoded protein may possess histone methyltransferase activity and plays a critical role in cell pluripotency by suppressing the expression of differentiation marker genes. (nih.gov)
However, the cells are limited in proliferation, a property that may allow direct differentiation with reduced tumorigenesis. (ca.gov)
These findings may provide an additional means to evaluate human germ cell differentiation in vitro, particularly in the context of pluripotent stem cell-derived germ cell development, and contribute to our understanding of the epigenetic requirements of the reprogramming process. (ca.gov)
Leo W. Buss (1987) in a pioneering monograph has explored the transition from unicellular to multicellular organisms in great detail, and has exemplified how the competition among cells for differential propagation by fission created obstacles to the emergence of multicellular organisms with cellular differentiation (i.e., division of labor). (ac.be)
With differentiation comes the distinction between germ cells and somatic cells. (ac.be)
b) If continued proliferation of OSCs (red) and their subsequent differentiation into oocytes (blue) during postnatal life is superimposed on the production-line hypothesis, the emerging picture is consistent with a progressive increase in oocyte depth in females as they age. (science20.com)
It is important for osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, and mutations in ROR2 are associated with the skeletal disorders brachydactyly type B and Robinow syndrome. (rndsystems.com)
The increased availability of receptor ligands, on the other hand, may result from an up-regulation of pituitary Gnrh receptor expression, eventually activating testicular growth factor and sex steroid release and driving germ and Sertoli cell proliferation and differentiation. (uib.no)
This differentiation of stem cells to a cell type that performs a specific function is thought to be irreversible. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The best evidence suggests that most are due to abnormal differentiation of fetal germ cells that arise from the fetal yolk sac. (medscape.com)
Malignant proliferation showing large monomorphic cells with some epithelioid (A1E/AE3) or angiocentric aspects without clear vascular differentiation. (medscape.com)
Subsequent differentiation allows for rear- analysis of a set of mouse B lineage cell lines rep- rangements of the Ig light-chain (IgL) genes that replace the resenting defined stages of B cell development us- surrogate light-chain genes on the surface of the B cell [8]. (lu.se)

A critical role of PRDM14 in human primordial germ cell fate revealed by inducible degrons. (nih.gov)

Ex vivo exposure of first trimester testes to CBD, THC, or CBD/THC [ratio 1:1] at 10 −7 to 10 −5 M altered testosterone secretion by Leydig cells, AMH secretion by Sertoli cells, and impacted testicular cell proliferation and viability as early as 72 h post-exposure. (biomedcentral.com)
Depending on the molecules and testis age, highly deleterious effects of phytocannabinoid exposure were observed on testis tissue after 14 days, including Sertoli and germ cell death. (biomedcentral.com)
particularly the Sertoli cells, which play a major role in spermatogenesis and are the main cell type in the testis which expresses T 3 receptors [ 16 ]. (hindawi.com)
It is well established that the formation of normal numbers of Sertoli cells is a key factor in determining testis size, germ cell numbers per testis, and sperm production rate in adulthood in a range of mammals, including humans [ 17 ]. (hindawi.com)
Sertoli cell proliferation reaches its maximum level just before birth and ceases by the age of 3 weeks [ 24 ]. (hindawi.com)
Recent research also has thrown lights upon a significant role of orexins, especially orexin A, in regulation of male reproductive functions owing to their receptor expressions in vital testicular cells, such as Leydig cells, Sertoli cells as well as spermatozoa at different developmental stages, even in the epididymis and penis. (researchgate.net)
It upregulated the declined level of serum testosterone and the expression of steroidogenic genes such as CYP11A1 and 17β3-HSD with an obvious histologic improvement of the testes with re-establishment of the normal spermatogenic series, Sertoli and Leydig cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Less frequently, a tubular morphology can be seen (see the images below), posing a differential diagnosis with Sertoli cell tumor. (medscape.com)
The first morphological sign of recruitment was an increased proliferation activity of single spermatogonia and Sertoli cells. (uib.no)
We also molecularly defined the development of Sertoli, Leydig and peritubular myoid cells during the perinatal period, allowing us to identify candidate signaling pathways acting between somatic and germ cells in a stage-specific manner during the perinatal period. (biologists.com)
As shown by examination of semi-thin and ultrathin sections, cell surface occupied by the basal ES connecting neighboring Sertoli cells and the number of gap and tight junctions coexisting with the basal ES were apparently reduced in flutamide-treated rats. (biomedcentral.com)
In the testis, Sertoli cells serve as supporting cells and reside as a basal epithelial lining within the seminiferous epithelium. (biomedcentral.com)
Testosterone is essential for male fertility, mediating its biological effects through the androgen receptor (AR) present in somatic Leydig, peritubular, and Sertoli cells. (biomedcentral.com)

After transport, involving passive movements and active migration, germ cells arrive at the developing gonads. (wikipedia.org)
Endodermal cells differentiate and together with Wunen proteins they induce the migration through the gut. (wikipedia.org)
Role of N-cadherin in proliferation, migration, and invasion of germ cell tumours. (uni-goettingen.de)
Effects of a blocking antibody or siRNA against N-cadherin on proliferation, migration, and invasion were investigated. (uni-goettingen.de)
Downregulation of N-cadherin in vitro leads to a significant inhibition of proliferation, migration, and invasion. (uni-goettingen.de)
N-cadherin-downregulation results in a significant decrease of proliferation, migration, and invasion and stimulates apoptosis in cisplatin-naive and resistant GCT cell lines. (uni-goettingen.de)
These results demonstrate that the second beta subunit can partially compensate for loss of betaPS integrins, and that integrins are essential for migration of the primordial midgut cells. (nih.gov)
Other examples of developmental cell migration, such as that of the primordial germ cells, occurred normally in the absence of integrins. (nih.gov)
However, GCTs, including seminomas, can occur in extragonadal sites along the midline of the body, following the embryologic migration route of its precursor cells -- the primordial germ cells. (medscape.com)
Interestingly, PGCs share certain cellular properties with metastasizing cancer cells including proliferation, invasion of other tissues, survival and migration. (wikigenes.org)
The study also showed that the migration of the cells between these regions is disrupted with repeated hair follicle growth cycles. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Transcription Factor CTCFL Promotes Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion in Gastric Cancer via Activating DPPA2. (nih.gov)
During migration in embryos, cells must alter their overall adhesiveness to the substrate to allow locomotion. (silverchair.com)

In fact, low levels of telomerase activity have been found in human adult stem cells including haematopoietic and non-haematopoietic stem cells such as neuronal, skin, intestinal crypt, mammary epithelial, pancreas, adrenal cortex, kidney, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) ( Table 1 ). (nature.com)
FOXC1 silencing inhibits the epithelial‑to‑mesenchymal transition of glioma cells: Involvement of β‑catenin signaling. (cancerindex.org)
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a glycoprotein located in ductal epithelial cells of the prostate gland, can be detected in low concentrations in the sera of healthy men. (msdmanuals.com)
Thymoma is a neoplasm of thymic epithelial cells. (medscape.com)
The epithelial cells and these other stromal tissues of the thymus influence the selection and maturation of the T lymphocytes. (medscape.com)
The lymphocytes' selection process and developmental progression are influenced by direct contact between the TCR-CD3 complex on the thymocyte and the major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-antigen complex on thymic epithelial cells, dendritic cells, and B lymphocytes. (medscape.com)

The second way is found in mammals, where germ cells are not specified by such determinants but by signals controlled by zygotic genes. (wikipedia.org)
Moreover, we find that the distal NDRs are enriched specifically for binding motifs of the pluripotency and germ cell master regulators such as NANOG, SOX17, AP2γ and OCT4 in human FGCs, indicating the existence of a delicate regulatory balance between pluripotency-related genes and germ cell-specific genes in human FGCs, and the functional significance of these genes for germ cell development in vivo . (nature.com)
More importantly, we also demonstrate that these partially-reprogrammed colonies express high levels of early to mid germ cell-specific genes regardless of the transfection approach, which suggests conversion to a germ cell-like identity is associated with early reprogramming. (ca.gov)
It helps in achieving differentiated multicellularity that all of the cells are identical twins in terms of chromosomal genes (implying a shared control ). (ac.be)
We wish to understand how germ cells protect their DNA, while turning different genes on and off at the right times to make functional sperm and eggs. (yale.edu)
Because the genes in C. elegans are related to those in higher organisms, the results from our studies should help us to understand how germ cells function in humans as well. (yale.edu)
Amazingly, these piRNAs exhibit synchronized expression in the germ line, despite being interspersed among hundreds of coding genes with diverse expression patterns. (yale.edu)
Blencowe's research team studies the mechanisms by which genes are regulated and coordinated to provide critical functions in mammalian cells. (unibas.ch)
Mutter suggested that these genes or the cells have only the maternal imprint because many teratomas arise from a parthenogenetically activated egg. (medscape.com)
To reduce the risk of analyzing cell line- pathway can be divided into distinct stages based on the specific features, we used several representative cell lines for recombination status of the Ig genes and on the expression each of four major stages in B cell development: pro-B, pre-B, pattern of surface markers and the presence of intracellular proteins [1- 6]. (lu.se)

Administration of POS extract reversed the ACR-induced epididymides weight loss with improved semen quality and count, ameliorated the ACR-decreased testicular lesion scoring, testicular oxidative stress, testicular degeneration, Leydig cell apoptosis and the dysregulated PCNA and Caspase-3 expression in a dose-dependent manner. (biomedcentral.com)
Studies on male rodents suggested that chronic ACR exposure resulted in testicular cytotoxicity indicated by vacuolization, multiple nuclei formation, abnormal giant cell, atrophy of the seminiferous tubules and apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
In accord, no difference in the apoptosis and proliferation level was found between control and treated groups. (biomedcentral.com)
Apoptosis, as the most common type of programmed cell death during embryonic development, plays a number of key roles during odontogenesis, ranging from the budding of the oral epithelium during tooth initiation, to later tooth germ morphogenesis and removal of enamel knot signaling center. (muni.cz)
AMBRA1 is an intrinsically disordered protein, working as a scaffold molecule to coordinate, by protein-protein interaction, many cellular processes, including autophagy, mitophagy, apoptosis and cell cycle progression. (biomedcentral.com)
thus, those cells that fail to receive a signal (ie, do not recognize self) die by apoptosis or become inactive. (medscape.com)

Primordial germ cells, germ cells that still have to reach the gonads (also known as PGCs, precursor germ cells or gonocytes) divide repeatedly on their migratory route through the gut and into the developing gonads. (wikipedia.org)
We demonstrated that the silencing of the ambra1b gene determines a reduction of primordial germ cells (PGCs), a condition that, in the zebrafish, leads to the development of all-male progeny. (biomedcentral.com)

Overall, 60% of germ cell neoplasms have seminoma in their composition, but pure seminomas are genetically different from those that present as a component of a mixed tumor. (medscape.com)

Instead, germ cells can arise from somatic cells in the adult, such as the floral meristem of flowering plants. (wikipedia.org)
Multicellular eukaryotes are made of two fundamental cell types: germ and somatic. (wikipedia.org)
Somatic cells are all the other cells that form the building blocks of the body and they only divide by mitosis. (wikipedia.org)
In somatic cells, the activity of telomerase, a reverse transcriptase that can elongate telomeric repeats, is usually diminished after birth so that the telomere length is gradually shortened with cell divisions, and triggers cellular senescence. (nature.com)
Thus, even in stem cells, except for embryonal stem cells and cancer stem cells, telomere shortening occurs during replicative ageing, possibly at a slower rate than that in normal somatic cells. (nature.com)
Telomeric DNA consists of short guanine-rich repeat sequences in all eukaryotes with linear chromosomes, and its length in human somatic cells is remarkably heterogeneous among individuals ranging from 5 to 20 kb, according to age, organ, and the proliferative history of each cell ( Wright and Shay, 2005 ). (nature.com)
In most human somatic cells except for stem cells and lymphocytes, telomerase activity is diminished after birth so that telomere length shortens with each cell division. (nature.com)
Normal somatic cells, however, usually do not express telomerase. (nih.gov)
In the somatic tissues, the stem cells expressed telomerase-associated RNA, but no proliferation activity. (nih.gov)
Somehow the germ cells exchange proliferation by fission within the organism for reproduction by seed across generations, and the specialized somatic cells gain in reproductive opportunities by fission within the organism. (ac.be)
Using single-cell RNA sequencing (RNAseq), we studied the development of ProSG, their SG descendants and testicular somatic cells during the perinatal period in mice. (biologists.com)

However, the comprehensive chromatin state has not yet been analyzed for human fetal germ cells (FGCs). (nature.com)
Here we use nucleosome occupancy and methylation sequencing method to analyze both the genome-wide chromatin accessibility and DNA methylome at a series of crucial time points during fetal germ cell development in both human and mouse. (nature.com)
We determined the expression of components of the ECS in the human fetal testis from 6 to 17 developmental weeks and assessed the direct effects of phytocannabinoids Δ9-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) on the testis morphology and cell functions ex vivo. (biomedcentral.com)
Fetal type Leydig cells disappear soon after birth (during first 2 weeks after birth) and are replaced by adult type Leydig cells [ 22 , 23 ]. (hindawi.com)

Chromatin remodeling is important for the epigenetic reprogramming of human primordial germ cells. (nature.com)
Although the genome-wide histone modification landscapes of mouse in vivo germ cells and in vitro PGCLCs have been profiled and several germline-specific properties of epigenetic reprogramming have been revealed, the study of genome-scale chromatin states in human FGCs is still challenging, due to the scarcity of materials and technical difficulties. (nature.com)
Germ cell chromatin is vastly different from that of other cells. (i-sis.org.uk)

Under special conditions in vitro germ cells can acquire properties similar to those of embryonic stem cells (ESCs). (wikipedia.org)
Here, we use nucleofection, morpholino technologies and novel epigenetic factors, which were chosen based on their expression profile in human embryos, fibroblasts and undifferentiated/differentiated human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and conventionally generated iPSCs, to reprogram human fibroblasts into iPSCs. (ca.gov)

Seminoma is the most common pure germ cell tumor (GCT) of the testis, accounting for up to 50% of cases. (medscape.com)
Present study was designed to establish a causal connection between changes in the cell-cell junction protein expression at the blood-testis barrier and alterations in the adult rat testis histology following an anti-androgen flutamide exposure. (biomedcentral.com)
They create a specialized microenvironment to support the germ cell development especially through the formation of the blood-testis barrier (BTB). (biomedcentral.com)
ECSA/DPPA2 is an embryo-cancer antigen that is coexpressed with cancer-testis antigens in non-small cell lung cancer. (nih.gov)

Both cell types are pluripotent in vitro, but only ESCs have proven pluripotency in vivo. (wikipedia.org)
All investigated GCT cell lines were found to express N-cadherin protein in vitro and in vivo. (uni-goettingen.de)

In addition, the ACR-induced reproductive toxicity is associated with a dramatic reduction in testosterone level due to disruption of the Leydig cells steroidogenic pathway [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
0.01), which could be associated with Leydig cell hypertrophy. (biomedcentral.com)
In the interstitial compartment, however, short-term exposure leads to both histological and functional changes of the Leydig cells. (biomedcentral.com)

however, the level of telomerase activity is low or absent in the majority of stem cells regardless of their proliferative capacity. (nature.com)
Recently, the importance of telomere maintenance in human stem cells has been highlighted by studies on dyskeratosis congenital, which is a genetic disorder in the human telomerase component. (nature.com)
The regulation of telomere length and telomerase activity is a complex and dynamic process that is tightly linked to cell cycle regulation in human stem cells. (nature.com)
Here we review the role of telomeres and telomerase in the function and capacity of the human stem cells. (nature.com)
As stem cells have elongated proliferative capacity, they should have a mechanism that maintains telomere length through many cell divisions. (nature.com)
Telomerase, an enzyme associated with cellular immortality, is expressed by malignant tumor and stem cells, especially germ cells. (nih.gov)
When the proliferation activity of the stem cells increased, however, the telomerase-associated expressions decreased. (nih.gov)
Generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells using epigenetic regulators reveals a germ cell-like identity in partially reprogrammed colonies. (ca.gov)
We demonstrate that pluripotent stem cells can be derived with novel epigenetic factors. (ca.gov)
Previous studies have shown that induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be derived from fibroblasts by ectopic expression of four transcription factors, OCT4, SOX2, KLF4 and c-MYC using various methods. (ca.gov)
green), a downstream effector of Hedgehog (Hh), is expressed in most cells of the wild-type Drosophila germarium including follicle stem cells, but is excluded from Boi- and Hh-expres. (cellimagelibrary.org)
While traditional thinking has held that female mammals are born with all of the eggs they will ever have, newer research has demonstrated that adult mouse and human ovaries contain a rare population of progenitor germ cells called oogonial stem cells capable of dividing and generating new oocytes. (science20.com)
Although these investigations were performed in mice, there is emerging evidence that oogonial stem cells are also present in the ovaries of reproductive-age women, and these cells possess the capacity, like their mouse counterparts, to generate new oocytes under certain experimental conditions. (science20.com)
A study discovered a new underlying mechanism with stem cells causing the hair to turn gray, which could lead to potential treatment. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Hair follicles contain several different types of cells, including melanocyte stem cells that generate cells that produce the pigment melanin responsible for hair color. (medicalnewstoday.com)
A new study in mice shows that these melanocyte stem cells migrate between two sites in the hair follicle during each cycle of hair growth and shedding- from a site where they produce the pigment for hair color to another where they produce stem cells. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The study found that aging results in a greater portion of these melanocyte stem cells getting stuck at the site where they produce stem cells, which leaves a smaller portion of stem cells to generate melanin-producing cells, resulting in the graying of hair. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The increase in the number of follicle growth cycles with aging is associated with deficits in melanocyte stem cells (McSCs) , the stem cells residing in the follicle that can form hair pigment-producing melanocytes. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Melanocyte stem cells are found in two distinct locations at the base of each hair follicle. (medicalnewstoday.com)
In one of the locations-called the bulge- these McSCs undergo self-renewal to maintain a population of immature stem cells. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Instead, a recent study published in Nature suggests that the McSCs can migrate back and forth between the two aforementioned locations, differentiating to produce hair pigment-producing melanocytes in the hair germ area and then translocating to the bulge and dedifferentiating to ensure the maintenance of an adequate supply of stem cells. (medicalnewstoday.com)
This results in fewer stem cells that can develop into pigment-producing melanocytes, thus leading to hair graying. (medicalnewstoday.com)
D . , a cell biologist at New York University, said, "[Our] analysis revealed melanocyte stem cells are more dynamic/mobile than previously thought. (medicalnewstoday.com)
We revealed that as melanocyte stem cells move within the hair follicle, stem cells can reversibly alter cell state from immature to mature state, and this reversibility is critical for the proper maintenance of these stem cells. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Dr. Ito also noted, "The study is built upon previous studies showing that maintaining healthy melanocyte stem cells is the key to preserving hair color. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Our study suggests that melanocyte stem cells are mobile but can start the regeneration of hair melanocytes only when they are present in a specific area within the hair follicle (hair germ compartment). (medicalnewstoday.com)
Among the wide variety of cells present in the hair follicle include stem cells . (medicalnewstoday.com)
Stem cells in the body are responsible for the regeneration of tissue in the body and can differentiate to form an array of specialized cells. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Specifically, the division of a stem cell can result in the formation of identical daughter stem cells and/or cells that can differentiate to assume different fates. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The stem cells in the hair follicle generate the cells to help regenerate hair follicle cells and facilitate hair growth. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The direct impact of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on germ cells is well studied in terms of the mechanisms affected, however, there is still a lack of information on how the spermatozoa inherit those poor characteristics from stem cells, namely spermatogonia. (ualg.pt)

Case report: The aim of the present study is to report and analyze, a giant cell central lesion in a 7-year-old patient on the right side of mandible body treated by surgical enucleation, curettage, and maintenance of the tooth germs. (bvsalud.org)

PRDM14 mediates chemosensitivity and glycolysis in drug‑resistant A549/cisplatin cells and their progenitor A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells. (nih.gov)
Eggs are formed from progenitor germ cells that exit the mitotic cycle, thereby ending their ability to proliferate through cell division, and subsequently enter meiosis, a process unique to the formation of eggs and sperm which removes one half of the genetic material from each type of cell prior to fertilization. (science20.com)
Researchers traced the number of divisions a cell has undergone with age (its 'depth') and counted the number of times progenitor germ cells divided before becoming oocytes. (science20.com)
In a new assessment of the work by Shapiro and colleagues, reproductive biologists Dori Woods, Evelyn Telfer and Jonathan Tilly conclude that the most plausible explanation for these findings is that progenitor germ cells in ovaries continue to divide throughout reproductive life, resulting in production of new oocytes with greater depth as animals age. (science20.com)
B lymphocyte development is a highly ordered process pro- expression analysis without the use of intermediate amplifica- ceeding from the progenitor cells in the bone marrow (BM) to tion steps. (lu.se)

This work evaluated the effect of ex situ management on neurogenesis (cell proliferation in the dorsal and medial ventricular zones, neuronal integration in the dorsomedial and medial cortices), ovary cell proliferation, body size (mass and length) and self-righting ability. (frontiersin.org)

We are studying germ cell regulation primarily using the model organism C. elegans, a nematode, because of the large number of germ cells it contains, and because of the many experimental advantages it offers. (yale.edu)
The development of a tooth germ in a precise size, shape, and position in the jaw, involves meticulous regulation of cell proliferation and cell death. (muni.cz)
The regulation of oxidative stress in the different cells is associated with the enzymatic activity of antioxidant systems related to zinc (Zn) and selenium (Se) elements. (ualg.pt)

The objective of the present study is to investigate the modulation of antioxidant defence status in neonatal persistent hypothyroid rats before their sexual maturation and also to identify the specific testicular cell populations vulnerable to degeneration during neonatal hypothyroidism in immature rats. (hindawi.com)

By over expressing DNMT3B, AURKB, PRMT5 and/or silencing SETD7 in human fibroblasts with and without NANOG, hTERT and/or SV40 overexpression, we observed the formation of colonies resembling iPSCs that were positive for certain pluripotency markers, but exhibited minimal proliferation. (ca.gov)

Germ cells produce gametes and are the only cells that can undergo meiosis as well as mitosis. (wikipedia.org)

Lastly, we cover apoptotic pathway disruption, and alterations in apoptotic cell distribution in transgenic mouse models. (muni.cz)

We address these questions in vivo with unprecedented cell specificity and comprehensiveness, utilizing innovative methods to investigate how genome structure and organization influences gene expression specifically in the C. elegans germ line. (yale.edu)
We identified both gene and protein markers for three temporally distinct ProSG cell subsets, including a migratory cell population with a transcriptome distinct from the previously defined T1- and T2-ProSG stages. (biologists.com)
Zettner MA, Flor S, Ludewig G, Wagner J, Robertson LW, Lehmann L. Quinoid metabolites of 4-monochlorobiphenyl induce gene mutations in cultured Chinese hamster v79 cells. (who.int)
immature cell is then subjected to negative selection to delete grouped based on their previously defined pheno- self-reactive cells before it leaves the BM to enter peripheral typic features, and a gene expression pattern for lymphoid organs, where it becomes a mature B cell [9]. (lu.se)

After splitting into two populations, the germ cells continue migrating laterally and in parallel until they reach the gonads. (wikipedia.org)
Basically, given the difference of telomere and telomerase activity in human and mouse cells, the telomere and telomerase status in stem cell populations is different between humans and mice ( Harrington, 2004 ). (nature.com)

The lineage of germ cells is called the germline. (wikipedia.org)
Telomerase can add telomeric repeats onto the chromosome ends, and prevents the replication-dependent loss of telomere and cellular senescence in highly proliferative cells of the germline and in the majority of cancers ( Blasco, 2005 ). (nature.com)
2012) Cell lineage analysis of the mammalian female germline. (science20.com)

ROR2 (Receptor Tyrosine Kinase-like Orphan Receptor 2) is broadly expressed during embryonic development and can be found in cells of all three germ layers as well as in most organ tissues. (rndsystems.com)
lt;p>Endoderm is one of the germ layers-aggregates of cells that organize early during embryonic life and from which all organs and tissues develop. (asu.edu)
Dendritic cells and macrophages found in large quantities at the corticomedullary junction arise from mesodermal tissues (bone marrow). (medscape.com)

This immunophenotype excluded a carcinoma, a lymphoid, melanocytic, germ cell, or neuroglial proliferation, and the diagnosis of sellar and suprasellar epithelioid angiosarcoma was made. (medscape.com)
The term lymphoepithelioma has been used in cases in which the thymoma contains a large number of lymphoid cells. (medscape.com)
From the corticomedullary junction, the cells enter the medulla or circulate in the periphery to other lymphoid structures (ie, lymph nodes). (medscape.com)

Mutation rate data is available that indicates a higher rate of germ line mutations in mice and humans, species which undergo induction, than in C. elegans and Drosophila melanogaster, species which undergo inheritance. (wikipedia.org)
These cells guard their DNA very carefully to allow the production of sperm and eggs with the right number of chromosomes and no mutations. (yale.edu)

Mammalian eggs are somewhat symmetrical and after the first divisions of the fertilized egg, the produced cells are all totipotent. (wikipedia.org)

In the model organism Drosophila, pole cells passively move from the posterior end of the embryo to the posterior midgut because of the infolding of the blastoderm. (wikipedia.org)
Boi (green) and Hedgehog (Hh, red) are expressed in apical cells of the Drosophila wild-type germarium (CIL# 13744). (cellimagelibrary.org)
Hedgehog (Hh, red) is transcribed in apical cells of the Drosophila wild-type germarium (CIL# 13755, 13744). (cellimagelibrary.org)
Having generated the tools to eliminate integrin function completely, we confirm that Drosophila integrins do not control proliferation as they do in mammals, and have identified alphaPS3 as a heterodimeric partner for betanu. (nih.gov)

Zn and Se are trace elements playing an important role in scavenging ROS and are essential for spermatogonia proliferation and for the progression of spermatogenesis. (ualg.pt)

A new study reports that a protein called beta cell expansion factor A (BefA) secreted by certain gut bacterial species could induce the proliferation of beta cells in young mice and zebrafish. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The study's authors had previously identified such a protein, called BefA, secreted by gut microbes that could stimulate the proliferation of beta cells in zebrafish. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Moreover, the authors had also identified a version of the BefA protein synthesized by gut bacteria in humans that could stimulate the proliferation of beta cells in zebrafish. (medicalnewstoday.com)
In the present study, the researchers further examined the mechanism through which BefA could facilitate the proliferation of pancreatic beta cells in young mice and zebrafish. (medicalnewstoday.com)
In their previous work, the study authors had shown that germ-free zebrafish larvae, which show a complete absence of gut microbes, show lower levels of pancreatic beta cell proliferation during development. (medicalnewstoday.com)
In addition, exposure to BefA prevented this decline in beta cell proliferation in germ-free zebrafish larvae. (medicalnewstoday.com)

It has been observed that the effect of oxidative stress is tissue and cell-dependant, where some specific cells are more tolerant to ROS than others. (ualg.pt)
Endoderm forms the epithelium-a type of tissue in which the cells are tightly linked together to form sheets-that lines the primitive gut. (asu.edu)
Gestational Trophoblastic Disease Gestational trophoblastic disease is proliferation of trophoblastic tissue in pregnant or recently pregnant women. (msdmanuals.com)

We analyzed the GCT cell lines NCCIT, NTERA-2, TCam-2, and the cisplatin-resistant sublines NCCIT-R and NTERA-2R. (uni-goettingen.de)
Expression of N-cadherin is preserved in cisplatin-resistant GCT cells, pointing to an important physiological role in cell survival. (uni-goettingen.de)

Further, DMY knock-down and estradiol-17b (E2) treatment, to determine the possible function of DMY during early gonadal sex differ- entiation in XY medaka, revealed that the mitotic and meiotic activities of the germ cells in the 0 day after hatching (dah) DMY knock-down XY larvae were identical to that of the normal XX larvae. (amrita.edu)

The end-products of the germ cell cycle are the egg or sperm. (wikipedia.org)
The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a haploid sperm cell within the plant gametophyte. (mcw.edu)

In many animals, the germ cells originate in the primitive streak and migrate via the gut of an embryo to the developing gonads. (wikipedia.org)

Other recent studies verified the presence of PAPP-A mRNA in granulosa cells of humans, monkeys, cattle, mice, and pigs. (bioone.org)
DEHP is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans (Group 3) because peroxisome proliferation has not been documented in human hepatocyte cultures exposed to DEHP nor in the liver of exposed non-human primates. (who.int)

In the malignant tumor, deregulation of telomerase is thought to facilitate tumorigenesis and cellular immortality by providing cancer cells unlimited proliferation capacity. (nih.gov)
These studies foster a deeper understanding how apoptotic cells affect cellular processes during normal odontogenesis, and how they contribute to dental disorders, which could lead to new avenues of treatment in the future. (muni.cz)

These cells can be characterized in their developmental progression by changes in expression of 3 cell surface markers: CD4, CD8, and the T-cell receptor (TCR)-CD3 complex. (medscape.com)

Increases in the amount of PAPP-A mRNA in granulosa cells during follicular development occurs in some but not all species, indicating that other proteases or protease inhibitors may be involved in IGFBP degradation. (bioone.org)
HN - 2008 BX - Von Ebner's Glands MH - Cumulus Cells UI - D054885 MN - A05.360.319.114.630.535.200.500 MN - A06.407.312.497.535.300.500 MN - A11.436.300.500 MS - The granulosa cells of the cumulus oophorus which surround the OVUM in the GRAAFIAN FOLLICLE. (bvsalud.org)
HN - 2008 BX - Granulosa Cells, Cumulus MH - Coronary Sinus UI - D054326 MN - A07.231.908.194.500 MS - A short vein that collects about two thirds of the venous blood from the MYOCARDIUM and drains into the RIGHT ATRIUM. (bvsalud.org)

Genetic changes have also been studied in the past few decades, with documentation of aneuploid DNA content in seminomas and intratubular germ cell neoplasia of the unclassified type (IGCNU), the precursor lesion. (medscape.com)

Alpha fetoprotein (AFP) is not produced by seminoma cells, and its serum detection usually indicates a nonseminomatous component. (medscape.com)

In the normal thymus, bone marrow-derived precursor cells destined to become thymocytes (or T lymphocytes) enter the thymus at the corticomedullary junction and differentiate as they pass through the thymus. (medscape.com)

Image correlates to Fig 1C in J Cell Biol. (cellimagelibrary.org)
J Cell Biol. (cellimagelibrary.org)
J Cell Biol (1997) 138 (2): 471-480. (silverchair.com)

boi controls follicle stem cell proliferation. (cellimagelibrary.org)
Germaria from boi[e] mutant in which germ cells (blue, anti-Vasa) and differentiating follicle cells (red, anti-Fas3) are labeled. (cellimagelibrary.org)
In the absence of boi (boi[e] mutant), Hedgehog (Hh, red) is redistributed from apical cells to the extracellular space of the local follicle stem cell niche (CIL# 13744, 13745). (cellimagelibrary.org)

Patients with thymoma may experience dysregulation of the lymphocyte negative and positive selection process leading to abnormal proliferation, autoimmunity, and/or immunodeficiency. (medscape.com)

A new study published in Cell Metabolism shows that a protein called beta cell expansion factor A (BefA) secreted by gut bacteria could induce the replication of insulin-producing beta cells in neonatal mice. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Specifically, they examined the impact of BefA in germ-free and specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice. (medicalnewstoday.com)

Wunen proteins are chemorepellents that lead the germ cells away from the endoderm and into the mesoderm. (wikipedia.org)

Unlike animals, plants do not have germ cells designated in early development. (wikipedia.org)
Evidence suggests that gut microbiome composition may be linked to the development of diabetes, which is characterized by the loss or dysfunction of pancreatic beta cells. (medicalnewstoday.com)
This study provides a mechanism through which gut microbes could influence the development of pancreatic beta cells and how gut microbiome composition could influence the risk of diabetes. (medicalnewstoday.com)
This compromised testicular antioxidant status might have contributed to poor growth and development by affecting the spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis in rats before puberty as indicated by reduced germ cell number, complete absence of round spermatids, decreased seminiferous tubule diameter, and decreased testosterone level. (hindawi.com)
Camp's research focuses on using single-cell genomic and imaging technologies, together with stem-cell-derived organoids, to understand human development, disease, and evolution. (unibas.ch)

Seminiferous epithelium of both groups of rats displayed normal histology without any loss of germ cells. (biomedcentral.com)

As germ cells are quiescent and therefore not dividing, they are not susceptible to mutation. (wikipedia.org)
This is important because early life - corresponding to about the first 2 years of life in a human - is when insulin-producing beta cells are most proliferative, after which they become more quiescent. (medicalnewstoday.com)

A critical length of telomere repeats is required to ensure proper telomere function and avoid the activation of DNA damage pathways that result in replicative senescence or cell death. (nature.com)

There are two mechanisms to establish the germ cell lineage in the embryo. (wikipedia.org)
Since the germ cell lineage is not established right away by induction, there is a higher chance for mutation to occur before the cells are specified. (wikipedia.org)

It is speculated that induction was the ancestral mechanism, and that the preformistic, or inheritance, mechanism of germ cell establishment arose from convergent evolution. (wikipedia.org)
Overall strength of adhesion is thought to be mediated by a combinatorial mechanism, involving adhesion of a cell to a variety of binding sites on the target glycoproteins. (silverchair.com)

Median survival was 45.81 months and patients of increased Tc cells, activated T helper cells(CD4 + CD25 + T cells or activated Th cells), activated Tc cells and normal CD4 + /CD8 + ratio presented encouraging outcomes (p = 0.007;0.016;0.028;0.016 respectively). (researchsquare.com)

The first way is called preformistic and involves that the cells destined to become germ cells inherit the specific germ cell determinants present in the germ plasm (specific area of the cytoplasm) of the egg (ovum). (wikipedia.org)
Histologic examination revealed a hypercellular tumoral proliferation formed by large atypical monomorphic cells with large vesicular nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and abundant light eosinophilic cytoplasm. (medscape.com)

However, the "gold standard" for aggressive and deforming lesions would be en-bloc resection with a safety margin. (bvsalud.org)
In addition, histologically, aggressive lesions show a large area occupied by giant cells, great size, greater nucleolar organization and high expression of CD34 adhesion factors 9,27 . (bvsalud.org)

Our study also suggests that melanocyte stem cell localization may be altered during the course of aging. (medicalnewstoday.com)

Anatomy43

Organisms19

Diseases23

Chemicals and Drugs82

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment33

Phenomena and Processes57

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Tumors13

Differentiation12

Primordial germ1

Sertoli13

Migration13

Epithelial6

Genes10

Apoptosis6

PGCs2

Neoplasms1

Somatic11

Fetal4

Chromatin3

Embryonic stem2

Testis4

Vitro2

Leydig3

Stem cells31

Tooth germs1

Progenitor5

Ovary1

Regulation3

Testicular cell1

Pluripotency1

Meiosis1

Transgenic1

Gene4

Populations2

Germline3

Tissues3

Lymphoid3

Mutations2

Mammalian1

Drosophila4

Spermatogonia1

Zebrafish6

Tissue3

Cisplatin2

Meiotic1

Sperm2

Originate1

Humans2

Cellular2

Developmental1

Granulosa cells3

Neoplasia1

Nonseminomatous1

Precursor cells1

Biol3

Follicle3

Lymphocyte1

Mice2

Endoderm1

Development5

Epithelium1

Quiescent2

Pathways1

Lineage2

Mechanism2

Survival1

Cytoplasm2

Lesions2

Suggests1