Germ cell cell line teratocarcinoma. Medical search. Frequent questions

Moreover, we describe for the first time an association of the up-regulation of micro-RNA species such as hsa-miR-512-3p/-515/-517/-518/-525 and down-regulation of hsa-miR-99a/-100/-145 with a cisplatin resistant phenotype in human germ cell tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
Our approach was designed to characterize the role of micro-RNAs on the presumably multifactorial phenomenon of acquired cisplatin resistance in germ cell tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
Markers have been most helpful in the workup of patients with germ cell tumors. (medscape.com)
In addition to their histologic characteristics, germ cell tumors retain molecular characteristics of their primordial lineage. (medscape.com)
Other biological markers for germ cell tumors include lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes and placental alkaline phosphatase, although these are less specific. (medscape.com)
AFP is a glycoprotein produced by fetal yolk sac elements and is produced by a wide range of cancers , including gastric , liver, and colon adenocarcinoma , as well as extracranial germ cell tumors. (medscape.com)
AFP is markedly elevated with endodermal sinus tumors and elevated to a lesser degree with embryonal cell carcinomas. (medscape.com)
Neither of these proteins has proven valuable in the diagnosis of pineal parenchymal cell tumors. (medscape.com)
Non-germ cell tumors can derive from pineal parenchymal cells, as well as from surrounding tissue. (medscape.com)
Calcium may be present in either pineal cell tumors or astrocytomas. (medscape.com)
Human embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells are the stem cells of teratocarcinomas, and they are key components of germ cell tumors (GCTs). (sigmaaldrich.com)
According to the hypothesis, only a small group of stem cell-like tumor cells can form new tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
All the tumors were phenotypically similar to teratocarcinoma and microscopic findings indicated that differentiation spectrum was similar between the Parg genotypes. (bvsalud.org)
These results suggest that Parg deficiency suppresses early stages of tumorigenesis and that Parg inhibition, in combination with DNA damaging agents, may efficiently control tumor growth in particular types of germ cell tumors. (bvsalud.org)
Sacrococcygeal and cervicofacial teratomas represent the most common sites for extragonadal germ cell tumors in neonates and early childhood and account for more than 70% of teratomas in most series (2). (paedcro.com)

We created an in vitro model of acquired cisplatin resistance by long term exposure of three well established germ cell tumor cell lines to cisplatin, resulting in sublines with significantly increased resistance to cisplatin. (biomedcentral.com)

We compared microRNA expression patterns in three cisplatin resistant sublines derived from paternal cisplatin sensitive germ cell tumor cell lines in order to improve our understanding of the mechanisms of cisplatin resistance. (biomedcentral.com)
Three cisplatin resistant sublines (NTERA-2-R, NCCIT-R, 2102EP-R) showing 2.7-11.3-fold increase in drug resistance after intermittent exposure to increasing doses of cisplatin were compared to their parental counterparts, three well established relatively cisplatin sensitive germ cell tumor cell lines (NTERA-2, NCCIT, 2102EP). (biomedcentral.com)
The hsa-miR-371-373 cluster (counteracting cellular senescence and linked with differentiation potency), as well as hsa-miR-520c/-520h (inhibiting the tumor suppressor p21) were 3.9-16.3 fold up-regulated in two of the three cisplatin resistant cell lines. (biomedcentral.com)
The paternal cell lines are (1) the p53-wt (wild type) pluripotent gonadal germ cell tumor cell line NTERA-2, (2) the p53-mutated pluripotent extragonadal nonseminomatous germ cell tumor cell line NCCIT and (3) the p53-wt nullipotent embryonal cell carcinoma 2102EP, derived from a primary human testicular teratocarcinoma. (biomedcentral.com)
Significant variability in expression of tumor markers is such that the absence of AFP or bhCG does not rule out a mixed germ cell tumor. (medscape.com)
Pineal parenchymal cell tumor markers are less well characterized than their germ cell counterparts and include melatonin and the S antigen. (medscape.com)
These cells are the original precursors of various cells in a tumor, whereas other intratumoral cells are limited in terms of their potential for proliferation and pluripotent differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition, normal adult stem cells (ASCs) self-renew, proliferate infinitely, have a multidirectional differentiation potential, similar to that of tumor cells, and can transform more easily into tumor stem cells than non-stem cells [ 20 , 21 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In this study, we investigated the effects of Parg deficiency on tumorigenesis and therapeutic efficacy of DNA damaging agents, using mouse ES cell-derived tumor models. (bvsalud.org)
When cells in some area of the body duplicate without control, the excess of tissue develops called tumor or neoplasm. (solutionpharmacy.in)
Other examples include Chondrosarcoma (of the cartilage), Leiomyosarcoma (smooth muscles), Rhabdomyosarcoma (skeletal muscles), Mesothelial sarcoma or mesothelioma (membranous lining of body cavities), Fibrosarcoma (fibrous tissue), Angiosarcoma or hemangioendothelioma (blood vessels), Liposarcoma (adipose or fatty tissue), Glioma or astrocytoma (the neurogenic connective tissue found in the brain), Myxosarcoma (primitive embryonic connective tissue) and Mesenchymous or mixed mesodermal tumor (mixed connective tissue types). (solutionpharmacy.in)

Today, this technique continues to form the foundation for research on mammalian embryos, including technologies such as transgenic engineering, embryonic stem cell therapy, human in vitro fertilization, mammalian cloning, and knockout engineering. (avma.org)
The stem cell field witnessed a genuine breakthrough when a combination of solely four transcription factors ( Oct3 / 4 , Sox2 , Klf4 and c-Myc, OSKM ) proved enough to revert, in vitro, the differentiated status of a variety of cell types back to pluripotency, giving rise to so-called induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. (springer.com)
Pluripotent cells can be differentiated into many different cell types in vitro. (biomedcentral.com)
The induction of a specific differentiated cell type can be useful for transplantation or drug screening and drug discovery in vitro. (justia.com)
Mouse ES cells have been widely utilized as an in vitro model to study cardiogenesis, as cardiomyocytes were found to spontaneously differentiate from ES cells after withdrawal of LIF (leukemia inhibitory factor), which functions to maintain the pluripotency of undifferentiated mouse ES cells [ 2 - 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

After Kaufman left, Evans continued his work, upgrading his laboratory skills to the newest technologies, isolated the embryonic stem cell of the early mouse embryo and established it in a cell culture. (wikipedia.org)
After 3-4 d, bright, dome-shaped colonies with mouse embryonic stem cell morphology are passaged in 2iLI medium. (nature.com)
Embryonic stem cell lines derived from human blastocysts. (nature.com)
The ground state of embryonic stem cell self-renewal. (nature.com)
Evans MD, Kelley J. US attitudes toward human embryonic stem cell research. (springer.com)

Martin GR. Isolation of a pluripotent cell line from early mouse embryos cultured in medium conditioned by teratocarcinoma stem cells. (springer.com)
Histone acetylation has been implicated to be important for the pluripotent cell state, as some HDAC inhibitors have been shown to improve reprogramming efficiency of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) or maintain a pluripotent stem cell state. (biomedcentral.com)

Derivation of pluripotent stem cells with in vivo embryonic and extraembryonic potency. (nature.com)

From there, Dr. Brinster became interested in modifying the development of animals and their germ lines, and he went on to become the first person to show that it was possible to colonize a mouse blastocyst with stem cells from older embryos. (avma.org)
Moreover, Dr. Brinster first demonstrated that teratocarcinoma cells could combine with blastocyst cells to form adult chimeric mice, establishing the feasibility of this approach to change the genetic character of mice. (avma.org)
Approximately five days after fertilization the totipotent cells have differentiated and started to form a hollow sphere of cells called a blastocyst. (biomedcentral.com)
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are self-renewing, pluripotent cells derived from the inner cell mass (ICM) of a blastocyst [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Errors arising in stem and progenitor cells have a much greater influence on the tissue in which they are found than errors arising in postmitotic differentiated cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Embryonic stem (ES) cells are derived from the embryo and are pluripotent, thus possessing the capability of developing into any organ, cell type or tissue type. (justia.com)
Methods of inducing differentiation in stem cells and muscle cells produced therefrom may be used for the study of cellular and molecular biology of tissue development, for the discovery of genes and proteins such as differentiation factors that play a role in tissue development and regeneration. (justia.com)
Carcinomas, malignancies of epithelial tissue, account for 80 to 90 % of all cancer cases since epithelial tissues are most abundantly found in the body from being present in the skin to the covering and lining of organs and internal passageways, such as the gastrointestinal tract. (solutionpharmacy.in)
To do so, cells release signaling molecules that can move around within a tissue and be detected by receptors on other cells. (elifesciences.org)
We tend to assume that the signaling molecules are evenly distributed across a tissue and affect all the receiving cells in the same way. (elifesciences.org)
Cells responding to the signal somehow can ignore this noise and establish sharp boundaries between different cell types so that neighboring cells have distinct roles in the tissue. (elifesciences.org)

When BMP4 is activated, cells differentiate into the epidermis. (justia.com)
The pluripotent stem cells differentiate further into cells commonly called multipotent stem cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Until recently it was considered a fact that, for example, hematopoietic stem cells did not have the potential to differentiate into cells of other types than the cells constituting the blood system. (biomedcentral.com)
Generally, when a stem cell culture is induced to differentiate, the differentiated population is analysed for particular cell types by expression of genes, markers or phenotypic analysis. (justia.com)
In particular, the induction of stem cells to differentiate into muscle cells (myocytes) is useful for muscle transplantation and therapeutic purposes, as well as providing potential human disease models in culture (e.g. for testing pharmaceuticals). (justia.com)

Naive human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) can be used to generate mature human cells of all three germ layers in mouse-human chimeric embryos. (nature.com)
Established naive hPSCs are injected into mouse blastocysts, which produce E17.5 mouse embryos containing 0.1-4.0% human cells as quantified by next-generation sequencing of 18S ribosomal DNA amplicons. (nature.com)
The protocol is suitable for studying the development of hPSCs in mouse embryos and may facilitate the generation of human cells, tissues and organs in animals. (nature.com)
Transient inhibition of mTOR in human pluripotent stem cells enables robust formation of mouse-human chimeric embryos. (nature.com)
Establishment in culture of pluripotential cells from mouse embryos. (springer.com)
Embryonic stem (ES) cells are naturally derived from early stage embryos and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are reprogrammed from somatic cells with overexpression of four reprogramming factors, Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc. (biomedcentral.com)

These cells are commonly termed embryonic germ (EG) cells because they are derived from primordial germ cells found at the genital ridges in developing fetuses. (biomedcentral.com)

in 1956 and Till and McCulloch in 1961, demonstrating that lethally irradiated mice could be rescued with cells from freshly isolated bone marrow [ 10 ] and that BM cells formed spleen clonies (CFU-S) following transplantation to irradiated recipients [ 30 ], respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
These originate in the plasma cells of bone marrow. (solutionpharmacy.in)
These cancers affect the bone marrow which is the site for blood cell production. (solutionpharmacy.in)
When cancerous, the bone marrow begins to produce excessive immature white blood cells that fail to perform their usual actions and the patient is often prone to infection. (solutionpharmacy.in)

Therefore, the expression of embryonic proteins, such as alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and bhCG, are indicative of malignant germ cell elements. (medscape.com)
Can precancerous stem cells be risk markers for malignant transformation in the oral mucosa? (biomedcentral.com)

Results identified elevated CR-1 expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) specimens which correlated to poor prognosis of the patients. (cusabio.com)

Examples of multipotent stem cells are those producing blood, nerve and muscle cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Multipotent stem cells are present in the adult individual as well as the fetus and umbilical cord. (biomedcentral.com)
The established dogma has however been challenged by recent findings suggesting that multipotent stem cells have a broader differentiation potential than previously thought. (biomedcentral.com)
Although several reports indicate an ability of multipotent stem cells to produce cells even outside their normal limits, most of these findings remain highly controversial. (biomedcentral.com)
Multipotent aşama, hücrelerin, genellikle germ tabakası kökenlerine bağlı olarak, sınırlı spesifik hücre tiplerine farklılaşma yeteneği ilekarakterize edilir (6). (adaveteriner.com)

Choriocarcinomas secrete large amounts of bhCG, and lesser elevations can occur in patients with embryonal cell carcinomas. (medscape.com)

These stem cells are considered committed to certain cell lineages. (biomedcentral.com)
The process of differentiation in stem cells involves selective development of immature cells to committed and fully mature cells of various lineages. (justia.com)
Specifically, human iPS cells could be utilized to generate patient-specific lineages for a variety of translational research. (biomedcentral.com)

Cell Biol. (nature.com)

During differentiation the expression of stem cell specific genes and markers are often lost and cells acquire gene expression profiles of somatic cells or their precursors. (justia.com)

Establishment of germ-line-competent embryonic stem (ES) cells using differentiation inhibiting activity. (springer.com)

Primed hPSCs are treated with a mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor (Torin1) for 3 h and dissociated to single cells, which are plated on mouse embryonic fibroblasts in 2iLI medium, a condition essentially the same for culturing mouse embryonic stem cells. (nature.com)
Interspecies chimerism with mammalian pluripotent stem cells. (nature.com)
Viable offspring derived from fetal and adult mammalian cells. (springer.com)

To examine the effects of Parg deficiency on tumorigenesis, Parg+/+ and Parg-/- ES cells were subcutaneously injected into nude mice. (bvsalud.org)

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells which can give rise to a succession of mature functional cells. (justia.com)

This type of cancer originates from the epithelial layer of cells that form the lining of external parts of the body or the internal linings of organs within the body. (solutionpharmacy.in)
Animal cells need to be able to communicate with each other so that they can work together in tissues and organs. (elifesciences.org)

Only the has-miR-10b involved in breast cancer invasion and metastasis and has-miR-512-3p appeared to be up-regulated (2-3-fold) in all three cell lines. (biomedcentral.com)
We speculate that precancerous stem cells (pCSCs) arise during the evolution of carcinomas based on long-term experimental findings, published literature, and the cancer stem cell (CSC) theory, wherein pCSCs exist in precancerous lesions and have characteristics of both CSCs and normal stem cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Therefore, investigations on testing and maintaining the integrity of genomic DNA within precancerous stem cells (pCSCs), which are within the framework of the cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis, are necessary. (biomedcentral.com)
As the PARP inhibitor is expected to affect both DNA repair and transcriptional regulations, we investigated the effect of combinational use of PARP inhibitors on cytotoxicity of 5-aza-dC in human cancer cell lines. (bvsalud.org)
The combinational treatment of 5-aza-dC and PARP inhibitor PJ-34 exhibited a stronger cytotoxicity compared with their treatment alone in blood cancer HL-60, U937, and colon cancer HCT116 and RKO cells. (bvsalud.org)
All types of cancers are common, in that, the cancer cells are abnormal and multiply out of control. (solutionpharmacy.in)
CR-1 high cells isolated from ESCC cells possess cancer stem-like cells (ECSLC) properties. (cusabio.com)

The induction of cardiomyocyte differentiation in stem cells is especially useful in developing therapeutic methods and products for heart disease and abnormal heart conditions. (justia.com)
In this review, we describe the cardiac differentiation from ES cells, iPS cells, and the current progress of using iPS cell-derived cardiomyocytes for heart disease modeling and for the development of therapeutic strategies. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition, we summarize the recent direct reprogramming of cardiomyocytes from fibroblast cells, which provides another method for potential heart disease therapy. (biomedcentral.com)
Because in order to avoid renal injury, the recovery of affected cells is as significant as preventing its progression towards end stage renal disease [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Activation of muscle-specific genes in pigment, nerve, fat, liver, and fibroblast cell lines by forced expression of MyoD. (springer.com)

Specifically, about the paracrine activities of amniotic fluid stem cells, renal stem cells, embryonic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cell, induced pluripotent stem cells as well as other stem cells. (biomedcentral.com)

They explored the method of using blastocysts for the isolation of embryonic stem cells. (wikipedia.org)

This early process includes occurrence of neural precursor cells, pattern formation of the nervous system, and proliferation and differentiation of neural precursor cells. (justia.com)
Knockdown of Cripto-1 inhibits the proliferation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis in prostate carcinoma cells. (cusabio.com)

Both ES cells and iPS cells are pluripotent stem cells with capabilities of indefinite self-renewal and can be differentiated into almost all cell types of the body, which make them valuable for studying early developmental biology, for modeling and as therapy for human diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
The self-renewal and proliferative nature of stem cells raised the hope to fight against various diseases. (biomedcentral.com)

Sir Martin John Evans FRS FMedSci FLSW (born 1 January 1941) is an English biologist who, with Matthew Kaufman, was the first to culture mice embryonic stem cells and cultivate them in a laboratory in 1981. (wikipedia.org)

In particular, the present invention provides neurogenesis inducing genes coding for Zic proteins, vectors containing such genes, host cells containing such vectors, proteins produced by such host cells, antibodies raised to such proteins, and therapeutic agents or agents for gene therapy for nervous diseases. (justia.com)
The present invention also provides methods of using the differentiated cells of the present invention for therapeutic purposes. (justia.com)
In order to find more promising treatments to stimulate renal repair, stem cell-based technology has been proposed as a potentially therapeutic option. (biomedcentral.com)
So as a new therapeutic approach, stem cells are under research with a focus on reducing the burden of several kidney diseases. (biomedcentral.com)

In particular, the invention relates to methods of inducing differentiation of embryonic stem cells into muscle cells or vascular endothelial cells. (justia.com)
Therefore there remains a need for providing effective methods of inducing differentiation of stem cells into specific cell types, such as myocytes or endothelial cells. (justia.com)

Here, we present a quantitative and comprehensive study of the abundance levels of histone PTMs during the differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) using mass spectrometry (MS). We observed dynamic changes of histone PTMs including increased H3K9 methylation levels in agreement with previously reported results. (biomedcentral.com)

Plasma cells are capable of producing various antibodies in response to infections. (solutionpharmacy.in)
AR was immunoprecipitated from center cells using polyclonal anti-AR antibodies. (californiaehealth.org)

No immunoreactivity is seen with murine EC, EG or ES cells. (sigmaaldrich.com)

There are different types of stem cells that best can be described in the context of normal human development [ 23 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
It has been suggested that adults contain 20 different types of stem cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Placing the cells under conditions which induce specific cell types has been one form of an attempt to regulate the differentiation outcome. (justia.com)
In any case, the respective cell types may then be selectively cultured to enrich their percentage population to eventually obtain a single cell type and culture. (justia.com)
However, the molecular pathways that lead to specification and terminal differentiation of specific cell types, such as myocytes, from embryonic stem cells during development are not entirely clear. (justia.com)

A few of the cells in the inner cell mass will develop into the foetus, whereas the rest will form the placenta and other supporting tissues needed for foetal development in the uterus. (biomedcentral.com)
The growth of neoplastic cells exceeds and is not coordinated with that of the normal tissues around it. (solutionpharmacy.in)

It includes the possible stem cell therapy mechanisms involved and outcomes recorded so far, the limitations of using these regenerative medicines, and the progressive improvement in stem cell therapy by adopting approaches like PiggyBac, Sleeping Beauty, and the Sendai virus. (biomedcentral.com)

We utilized a quantitative RT-PCR (RTQ-PCR) based platform for detection of almost all currently known (738) human micro-RNA species on these 6 cell lines. (biomedcentral.com)
New cell lines from mouse epiblast share defining features with human embryonic stem cells. (nature.com)
Derivation of novel human ground state naive pluripotent stem cells. (nature.com)
Derivation of naive human embryonic stem cells. (nature.com)
Wang, Y. & Gao, S. Human naive embryonic stem cells: how full is the glass? (nature.com)
This antibody reacts with TRA-1-60 antigen that is expressed upon the surface of human tetracarcinoma stem cells (EC), human embryonic germ cells (EG) and human embryonic stem cells (ES). (sigmaaldrich.com)
To take human organ generation via BC and transplantation to the next step, we reviewed current emerging organ generation technologies and the associated efficiency of chimera formation in human cells from the standpoint of developmental biology. (frontiersin.org)

Notably, in microarray analysis, combinational treatment with PJ-34 and 5-aza-dC caused dissimilar broad changes in gene expression profiles compared with their single treatments in both HCT116 and RKO cells. (bvsalud.org)
Morphogen gradients induce sharply defined domains of gene expression in a concentration-dependent manner, yet how cells interpret these signals in the face of spatial and temporal noise remains unclear. (elifesciences.org)

Hematopoietic (blood forming) stem cells have been investigated for several decades and is currently by far the best characterized stem cell system. (biomedcentral.com)

Transplantation of living nuclei from blastula cells into enucleated frogs' eggs. (springer.com)
The differentiated ES cell cultures are heterogeneous and contain undifferentiated ES cells, which could result in teratoma formation after transplantation into the host. (biomedcentral.com)

He is also known, along with Mario Capecchi and Oliver Smithies, for his work in the development of the knockout mouse and the related technology of gene targeting, a method of using embryonic stem cells to create specific gene modifications in mice. (wikipedia.org)
In 2007, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine along with Mario Capecchi and Oliver Smithies for their work in discovering a method for introducing homologous recombination in mice employing embryonic stem cells. (wikipedia.org)

The developmental capacity of nuclei taken from differentiating endoderm cells of Xenopus laevis. (springer.com)

We demonstrate that RA forms a noisy gradient during critical stages of hindbrain patterning and that cells use distinct intracellular binding proteins to attenuate noise in RA levels. (elifesciences.org)

This Special Issue contains separate papers discussing undervalued ubiquitous proteins, chronic inflammation, eicosanoids, microbiome and morbid obesity, PCN, cell transition, followed by altered signaling induced by Metformin, NF-κB signaling and crosstalk during carcinogenesis, and a brief synopsis. (4open-sciences.org)
The experiments also show that proteins that interact with retinoic acid help to reduce noise within a cell. (elifesciences.org)

Similarly, it opens a new path for the treatment and repair of damaged renal cells. (biomedcentral.com)

Differentiation of stem cells is known be triggered by various growth factors and regulatory molecules. (justia.com)
These conditions include growing the cells to high or low density, changing media, introducing or removing cytokines, hormones and growth factors, creating an environment which suits differentiation toward a specific cell type, such as providing a suitable substrate. (justia.com)

Anatomy35

Organisms10

Diseases18

Chemicals and Drugs43

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment22

Phenomena and Processes46

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Tumors15

Established germ cell1

Tumor11

Vitro5

Embryonic stem5

Pluripotent cell2

Vivo1

Blastocyst4

Tissue7

Differentiate5

Embryos6

Primordial1

Bone marrow4

Malignant2

Squamous cell carc1

Multipotent5

Embryonal cell1

Lineages3

Biol1

Somatic cells1

Establishment1

Mammalian3

Nude mice1

Functional1

Organs2

Cancer7

Disease4

Fibroblast1

Mesenchymal1

Isolation1

Proliferation2

Self-renewal2

Kaufman1

Therapeutic4

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Murine1

Types5

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Human7

Gene expression2

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