Embryonic stemPluripotent stemSomatic transferEmbryosRegenerative medicineTissuesPluripotencyIPSCTherapeuticSubsequentlyTherapiesStem cellTransplantationBreakthroughDeriveInvolvesFertilizationMethodsTissueExperimentGeneticHumanResearchersSkinUltimatelyPotentialTechniqueTypesFoundImportantBodyFusionMajorMouseTechnology
Embryonic stem9
- A breakthrough in somatic cell nuclear transfer opens the possibility of producing human embryonic stem cells with a patient's own genes. (the-scientist.com)
- The first pluripotent human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have been generated from somatic cell nuclear transfer, according to a study published today (October 5) in Nature . (the-scientist.com)
- The fusion ultimately gives rise to a microscopic embryo, from which embryonic stem cells can theoretically be derived. (the-scientist.com)
- While iPSCs avoid the ethical issues surrounding embryonic stem cells, the methods used to derive them sometimes induce mutations in cancer causing genes, making them unsuitable for therapeutic purposes. (the-scientist.com)
- Following this treatment, the cells were verified to be pluripotent by observing increasing levels of Oct-4 (a transcription factor expressed in embryonic stem cells) over the following week using an Oct4-GFP transgene. (wikipedia.org)
- STAP cells were supposedly able to differentiate into placental cells, meaning they would be more potent than embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS). (wikipedia.org)
- The potential use of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) for cell replacement therapies is limited by ethical concerns and the technical hurdles associated with their isolation from human embryos. (biomedcentral.com)
- In the 1960s and 1970s, scientists discovered that there are cells within adult tissues of the body that harbor many of the same special properties as embryonic stem cells. (pas.va)
- embryonic stem cells , resulting from the early divisions of the egg, characterized by their "pluripotency", i.e. the capacity, that they share with the egg cell itself, to produce all the cell types found in the adult organism, and the tissue-specific stem cells present in the tissues and organs of the adult. (pas.va)
Pluripotent stem2
- A couple of studies show some success in generating early microscopic embryos, but this [study] is the first successful pluripotent stem cell line," said Daley. (the-scientist.com)
- The resulting clone developed into a microscopic embryo, which survived long enough for pluripotent stem cell lines to be derived. (the-scientist.com)
Somatic transfer1
- In humans, somatic transfer has been less fruitful-the egg cell quits dividing and often dies after nuclear transfer. (the-scientist.com)
Embryos3
- Like Dolly the sheep, these microscopic embryos can also be implanted into a host uterus, where they develop into a fetus and grow into adult animals after birth. (the-scientist.com)
- This could help researchers identify abnormalities in iPSC differentiation, correct them, and develop pluripotent stem cells that don't harbor tumorigenic qualities and do not require the use of human embryos. (the-scientist.com)
- STAP cells injected into mouse embryos grew into a variety of tissues and organs found throughout the body. (wikipedia.org)
Regenerative medicine1
- Derivation of autologous induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) through direct reprogramming of easily accessible somatic cells holds the potential to transform the field of regenerative medicine. (biomedcentral.com)
Tissues5
- In the early 2000s, Charles Vacanti and Martin Vacanti conducted studies that led them to the idea that stem cells-spore-like cells-could be spontaneously recovered from ordinary tissues that are stressed via mechanical injury or increased acidity. (wikipedia.org)
- In addition, as the genetic identity of the donor egg from which the ESCs are derived most likely will differ from that of potential recipients, patients who receive ESC-derived cells or tissues may face the same complications that result from organ transplantation (for example, immunorejection, graft-versus-host disease, and need for immunosuppression). (biomedcentral.com)
- However, these adult stem cells have more restricted potential - they are specialized to replenish, rejuvenate, and repair the tissues in which they reside. (pas.va)
- They are particularly active in tissues and organs in which the lifespan of the differentiated cells is short, like blood, skin and the inner cell layer covering the intestinal cavity, as well as in the repair of skeletal muscle after exercise of injury. (pas.va)
- Significant advances have been made in isolating, culturing and reintroducing adult stem cells into tissues. (pas.va)
Pluripotency2
- Stimulus-triggered acquisition of pluripotency (STAP) was a proposed method of generating pluripotent stem cells by subjecting ordinary cells to certain types of stress, such as the application of a bacterial toxin, submersion in a weak acid, or physical trauma. (wikipedia.org)
- Research is underway to generate stimulus-triggered acquisition of pluripotency (STAP) cells using human tissue: in February 2014, Charles Vacanti and Koji Kojima (Harvard researchers originally involved in the discovery and publication of STAP) claimed to have preliminary results of STAP cells generated from human fibroblasts, but concomitantly cautioned that these preliminary results require further analysis and validation. (wikipedia.org)
IPSC3
- For the first time researchers can now compare iPSC differentiation to the same process an egg goes through after the transfer of a somatic cell genome. (the-scientist.com)
- Ideally, iPSC-based therapies in the future will rely on the isolation of skin fibroblasts or keratinocytes, their reprogramming into iPSCs, and the correction of the genetic defect followed by differentiation into the desired cell type and transplantation. (biomedcentral.com)
- Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) can now be generated from skin or blood of mice or humans by overexpressing four key transcription factors. (pas.va)
Therapeutic3
- The findings validate this controversial method, and may one day allow therapeutic stem cells to be created from a patient's own genetic material. (the-scientist.com)
- In the best case, an early embryo consisting of a few cells may form, but these are not capable of giving rise to human life, nor hESCs for therapeutic purposes. (the-scientist.com)
- The triploid cells aren't suitable for therapeutic purposes, and future efforts will be focused on trying to eliminate the [egg cell] genome," said Daley, who wrote an accompanying News & Views in Nature . (the-scientist.com)
Subsequently1
- The technique for producing STAP cells was subsequently studied by Obokata at the Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH), while she was studying as a post doc under Charles Vacanti, and then at the RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology in Japan. (wikipedia.org)
Therapies1
- Stem cell therapies, once a dream, are now becoming a reality. (pas.va)
Stem cell3
- To achieve this success, Scott Noggle at the New York Stem Cell Foundation Laboratory took a unique approach to the process. (the-scientist.com)
- STAP would have been a radically simpler method of stem cell generation than previously researched methods as it requires neither nuclear transfer nor the introduction of transcription factors. (wikipedia.org)
- In addition, new stem cell technologies entail enlisting immune cells as anticancer agents. (pas.va)
Transplantation1
- This could allow us to create cells that are useful for transplantation for a variety of diseases without the problem of immunological rejection," said Noggle in a press briefing. (the-scientist.com)
Breakthrough1
- In 2006, a major breakthrough was reported in Japan by Takahashi and Yamanaka, who described the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from mouse fibroblasts via over expression of defined transcription factors [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Derive2
- To circumvent these obstacles, considerable effort has been invested in attempting to derive ESC-like cells by reprogramming somatic cells to an embryonic state. (biomedcentral.com)
- Several experimental strategies have been developed to derive iPSCs from differentiated somatic cells (summarized in Figure 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
Involves2
- Somatic cell nuclear transfer typically involves the transfer of genomic information from a somatic cell into an unfertilized egg cell whose nucleus has been removed. (the-scientist.com)
- The experiment, described Thursday in the journal Cell, involves injecting human stem cells into the embryo of a pig, then implanting the embryo in the uterus of a sow and allowing it to grow. (ethicalresearch.net)
Fertilization4
- As part of the study, Noggle and his colleagues developed new protocols that allow women to choose between giving their eggs to research or in vitro fertilization programs. (the-scientist.com)
- While women have always been paid for donating their eggs for in vitro fertilization, ethical guidelines have prevented researchers from paying women for their eggs. (the-scientist.com)
- As most women will not donate altruistically, this has left researchers working with the poor-quality eggs rejected from in vitro fertilization. (the-scientist.com)
- According to the researcher's new protocols, women are paid to donate, but only later choose whether their eggs should go to research or in vitro fertilization. (the-scientist.com)
Methods2
- Understanding human [eggs'] ability to reprogram could shed light on improved methods for reprograming," said Noggle. (the-scientist.com)
- METHODS: Community-dwelling Hong Kong adults aged 65-82 years were randomly allocated to receive 2017/18 standard-dose quadrivalent, MF59-adjuvanted trivalent, high-dose trivalent, and recombinant-HA quadrivalent vaccination. (bvsalud.org)
Tissue3
- Indy100.com by Louis Dore in tech January 2017 A team of scientists from Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School have used adult skin cells to regenerate functional human heart tissue. (ethicalresearch.net)
- These adult stem cells are highly specialized and can only produce the tissue in which they reside. (pas.va)
- In addition, there has been remarkable progress in developing approaches to stimulate these tissue-resident stem cells in situ in the tissue. (pas.va)
Experiment1
- She repeated the experiment with other cell types including brain, skin, and muscle cells with the same result. (wikipedia.org)
Genetic1
- Noggle said the findings may also pave the way for better induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which form when somatic cells are regressed to a pluripotent state through the use of genetic factors. (the-scientist.com)
Human1
- The advance here is the proof that somatic cell nuclear transfer can work [in human cells] and can fully reset the donor cell genome to a pluripotent state," said Harvard Medical School's George Daley , who was not affiliated with the study. (the-scientist.com)
Researchers1
- Before the technique will ever make it to the clinic, however, researchers must find a way to remove genomic material from the egg cell. (the-scientist.com)
Skin1
- Michael Cook BioEdge Jan 14, 2017 The imminent arrival of eggs and sperm grown from skin cells makes legislative change imperative, three Ivy League professors argue in the journal Science Translational Medicine. (ethicalresearch.net)
Ultimately1
- Here, we summarize current reprogramming methodologies with a focus on the production of transgene-free or genetically unmanipulated iPSCs and highlight important technical details that ultimately may influence the biological properties of pluripotent stem cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Potential1
- Selected viruses were propagated in qualified cells or embryonated hen's eggs for potential use in seasonal influenza virus vaccines. (bvsalud.org)
Technique1
- After modifying the technique, Obokata was able to show that white blood cells from newborn mice could be transformed into cells that behaved much like stem cells. (wikipedia.org)
Types1
- The term stem cells dates back to the late 1800s at which time it referred to the fertilized egg, a pluripotent cell able to give rise to all of the complex cell types that comprise our body. (pas.va)
Found1
- On August 5, 2014, Yoshiki Sasai-Obokata's supervisor at RIKEN and one of the coauthors on the STAP cell papers-was found dead at a RIKEN facility after an apparent suicide by hanging. (wikipedia.org)
Important2
- The latter play an important role in renewing the cells of the various organs during the entire life. (pas.va)
- Epidemiological studies suggest that exposures across the entire life course, including in utero, early childhood, and adolescence, may be important in the etiology of adult cancers and other chronic diseases. (cdc.gov)
Body1
- Such cells may help lower the risk of the body rejecting such cells when applied therapeutically. (the-scientist.com)
Fusion1
- Although exciting results have been achieved by means of somatic cell nuclear transfer, cell fusion, and culture-induced reprogramming [ 1 ], these procedures are technically demanding and inefficient and therefore unlikely to become a common approach for producing patient-specific pluripotent cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Major1
- Which Statement Best Explains Why George Orwell Chose To Write A Fable Using Animals As The Major Characters? (eutlab.pics)
Mouse1
- A series of experiments, first turning a mouse embryo green by fluorescently tagging STAP cells, then videotaping the transformation of T-cells into pluripotent cells, finally convinced skeptics that the results were real. (wikipedia.org)
Technology1
- IVF was a game-changing technology, write Glenn Cohen, of Harvard Law School, George Q. Daley, of Harvard Medical School, and Eli Y. (ethicalresearch.net)