Genus coronavirus oc43 human. Medical search. Frequent questions

Human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43) is a member of the species Betacoronavirus 1, which infects humans and cattle. (wikipedia.org)
It has, like other coronaviruses from genus Betacoronavirus, subgenus Embecovirus, an additional shorter spike protein called hemagglutinin-esterase (HE). (wikipedia.org)
Comparison of HCoV-OC43 with the most closely related strain of Betacoronavirus 1 species, bovine coronavirus BCoV, indicated that they had a most recent common ancestor in the late 19th century, with several methods yielding most probable dates around 1890, leading authors to speculate that an introduction of the former strain to the human population might have caused the 1889-1890 pandemic, which at the time was attributed to influenza. (wikipedia.org)
The HR2 epitope is highly conserved between SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and HCoV-OC43 (all members of the betacoronavirus genera), but not with HCoV-229E which is an alphacoronavirus. (scienceboard.net)
Whereas HCoV and HCoV-NL63 are found in the Alphacoronavirus genus, HCoV-OC43, as well as HCoV-HKU1, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 are all classified within the Betacoronavirus genus. (cov19longhaulfoundation.org)
SARS-CoV-2 is part of the Coronaviridae family, subfamily Orthocoronavirinaes and includes the genera Alphacoronvirus, Betacoronavirus, Gammacoronavirus, and Deltacoronavirus. (thenativeantigencompany.com)
1] The MRCAs of the Alphacoronavirus line has been placed at about 2400 BCE, the Betacoronavirus line at 3300 BCE, the Gamma-coronavirus line at 2800 BCE, and the Delta coronavirus line at about 3000 BCE. (lupinepublishers.com)
It appears that bats and birds, as warm-blooded flying vertebrates, are ideal hosts for the coronavirus gene source (with bats for Alpha-coronavirus and Betacoronavirus, and birds for Gammacoronavirus and Delta-coronavirus) to fuel coronavirus. (lupinepublishers.com)
Other important members of the betacoronavirus group include mouse hepatitus virus (MHV) which is used in many experimental models of coronavirus biology, as well as human coronavirus (HCoV) OC43, bovine coronavirus (BCoV) and equine coronavirus (ECV), which are associated with respiratory (HCoV) or enteric (BCoV, ECV) infections in their target species. (liverpool.ac.uk)
SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the genera Betacoronavirus and shares a different degree of genomic similarity with the other two epidemic coronaviruses: SARS-CoV (∼79%) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (∼50%) [ 8 ]. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
Early genomic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 revealed that it belongs to the betacoronavirus genus, lineage B, alongside SARS-CoV-2 1 , 2 . (abcam.com)
They are also divided into four genera: alphacoronavirus or alpha-CoV, betacoronavirus or beta-CoV, gammacoronavirus or gamma-CoV, and delatacoronavirus or delta-CoV. (konsyse.com)
The SARS-CoV-2 virus belongs to the genus Betacoronavirus, the family Coronaviridae, representatives of which are mainly associated with infections in mammals [1]. (crie.ru)
Origin is uncertain, although bats are implicated as this virus is closely related by genetic analysis to bat SARS -like coronavirus (genus Betacoronavirus , subgenus Sarbecovirus ). (hopkinsguides.com)

Along with HCoV-229E, a species in the genus Alphacoronavirus, HCoV-OC43 is among the viruses that cause the common cold. (wikipedia.org)
Group 1 consists of human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, and feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV). (cdc.gov)
The Coronaviridae family includes four species/strains that are endemic in the human population -- HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-HKU1, and HCoV-OC43 -- and are usually associated with mild, self-limiting upper respiratory tract infections. (scienceboard.net)
A second library consisted of 244,000 peptides covering the full proteomes of all viruses known to infect humans, including endemic seasonal coronaviruses (HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-HKU1), SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV. (scienceboard.net)
The proportions of subjects with IgA antibodies in nose wash specimens and the geometric mean IgA antibody titers were statistically higher for HCoV-OC43 and -HKU1 than for HCoV-229E and -NL63. (conferencedequebec.org)
The earliest-described HCoV strains, HCoV-229E and HCoV-OC43, which are group I and group II coronaviruses, respectively, have now been joined from the more recently explained group I and II strains HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-HKU1 (13, 30, 42, 45, 46), which were found out in the search for additional pathogenic coronaviruses after the identification of the coronavirus that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) (29). (conferencedequebec.org)
HCoV-NL63 may have infected human being populations for a long time, since it diverged phylogenetically from HCoV-229E about 1,000 years ago (33), and seroprevalence would likely be high as a result. (conferencedequebec.org)
HCoV-229E and HCoV-OC43 were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA) and were produced in MRC-5 and HCT-8 cell monolayers (ATCC), respectively. (conferencedequebec.org)
Four unhackneyed low morbific corona viruses are aboriginal in humans: HCoV- OC43, HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-NL63, and HCoV-229E besides highly infective SARS- CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2, all members of β-corona virus genus. (pdfplayer.org)
Notably, while host factors like interferon-inducible transmembrane proteins (IFITMs) often prevent the entry of coronaviruses like HCoV-229E, -NL63, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV from entering cells through its various antiviral functions, IFITM2 and IFITM3 promote the entry and subsequent infection of HCoV-OC43 into human cells. (cov19longhaulfoundation.org)
Two types of alphacoronaviruses (229E and NL63) and two types of betacoronaviruses (OC43 and HKU1) are pathogens of humans and cause the common cold. (thenativeantigencompany.com)
9,10] Alpaca coronavirus and human coronavirus 229E diverged before 1960. (lupinepublishers.com)
HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1 cause infection and colds in immunosuppressed individuals. (biomedcentral.com)
METHODS: Different coronaviruses (including wild type, delta and omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2, and NL63, 229E and OC43 seasonal coronaviruses) were used in lung cell lines and hAOs models. (bvsalud.org)
People around the world commonly get infected with human coronaviruses 229E, NL63, OC43, and HKU1. (biotechexpressmag.com)
found that two antibodies, COV44-62 and COV44-79, showed the broadest functional neutralization, disabling SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-1, and HCoV-OC43, as well as the alphacoronavirus HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-229E. (accessh.org)
Seven HCoVs known to cause disease in humans have since been identified: HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1, the SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV), the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus and the novel SARS-CoV-2 [ 4 ]. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
Known coronaviruses to infect humans are HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-NL63, and HCoV-HKU1, as well as the SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 . (konsyse.com)

OC43 is one of seven coronaviruses known to infect humans. (wikipedia.org)
The focus of the study is based on a simple theory that if NeoCoV picks up a particular mutation only then it could use the same pathway to infect humans as the Sars-CoV-2 virus. (updates4us.com)
But one of the most key factors to remember is that the Chinese scientists themselves find that the NeoCoV does not infect human ACE2 at present, which means it cannot infect humans yet. (updates4us.com)
However, mammalian MXRA8 does not bind to alphaviruses that infect humans and have avian reservoirs. (bvsalud.org)
The ACE2 is so similar, in fact, that many of the coronaviruses in these bats have the potential to infect humans as well. (williamhaseltine.com)

SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), the virus causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is a positive-stranded RNA virus, similar to other coronaviruses. (medscape.com)
Developing effective and safe vaccines is urgently needed to prevent infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV). (cdc.gov)
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a newly emerged infectious disease caused by SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
Strategy for designing vaccines for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) using inactivated SARS-associated coronavirus. (cdc.gov)
Pneumonia caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is spreading globally. (medsci.org)
In the past dozen years, the outbreak of the novel coronavirus is the third on record spillover of an animal coronavirus to humans after occurring of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) started in 2002 and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2014, which is resulting in a pandemic in global. (medsci.org)
In addition to the aforementioned human-infecting coronavirus strains, several highly pathogenic zoonotic strains such as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) of 2002, the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) of 2011 and the novel coronavirus COVID-19 that has, as of June 18, 2020, infected 8.24 million people and claimed the lives of over 446,000 thousand individuals around the world. (cov19longhaulfoundation.org)
Whereas, SARS-CoV-1, the Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and SARS-CoV-2 (all betacoronaviruses) cause more severe disease in humans including, respiratory, gastrointestinal, hepatic, and neurologic diseases ( Amanat & Krammer, 2020 ). (thenativeantigencompany.com)
Upper tract swabs in viral transport media were forwarded to the Saudi Ministry of Health regional laboratory for Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (MERS-CoV) upE reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). (cdc.gov)
Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a new human disease that was first reported from Saudi Arabia in September 2012, after identification of a novel coronavirus (CoV) from a male Saudi Arabian patient who died from severe pneumonia. (cdc.gov)
However, on the 30th January 2020, the WHO revealed the causative virus as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and due to the rapid spread of the disease, the body declared it a 'Public Health Emergency of International Concern' [4, 5]. (ospublishers.com)
Recently, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (CoV) 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2)‑causing CoV disease 2019 (COVID‑19) emerged in China and has become a global pandemic. (spandidos-publications.com)
By studying other SARS and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronaviruses, it is hypothesized that patients with COVID‑19 may lack sufficient antiviral T‑cell responses, which consequently present with innate immune response disorders. (spandidos-publications.com)
The virus was first officially named the 2019 novel coronavirus (nCoV) by the World Health Organization (WHO) and subsequently termed 'severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV 2 (SARS-CoV-2)' by The International Committee on Nomenclature of Viruses. (spandidos-publications.com)
The CSG recognizes this virus as forming a sister clade to the human and bat severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses (SARS-CoVs) and designates it as SARS-CoV-2. (biotechexpressmag.com)
Betacoronaviruses contain a diverse range of viruses, including the recently-emerged Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)-CoV2 (the causeof COVID-19), as well as the original SARS-CoV that emerged in 2002, and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus from 2012 (MERS-CoV). (liverpool.ac.uk)
When Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, or SARS-CoV-2, first emerged, it was clear that its disease COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) can range from mild to severe and even lead to death. (springernature.com)
Therefore, it was quite surprising when a new coronavirus called SARS-CoV (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus) spilled over from animals into humans causing severe disease with a 10% case fatality rate. (springernature.com)
The subsequent spillover of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012 confirmed that coronaviruses can cause severe disease 8,9 . (springernature.com)
With second and third waves of the COVID-19 pandemic hitting many shores, the possibility that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) will become endemic has become much more likely. (news-medical.net)
In humans, some of these viruses can cause respiratory tract infections with varying severity ranging from mild illnesses such as the common cold and more severe diseases such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome. (konsyse.com)
The ability to detect antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is currently under investigation with various performance characteristics and indications for use. (researchgate.net)
We demonstrate that integrative analysis of CRISPR screening datasets enables network-based prioritization of prescription drugs modulating viral entry in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by developing a network-based approach called Rapid proXimity Guidance for Repurposing Investigational Drugs (RxGRID). (stanford.edu)
Currently novel coronavirus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2/2019- nCoV) pandemic has resulted in millions of deaths around the globe. (scitcentral.com)
lt;p>In December 2019, in Wuhan (People's Republic of China, PRC) there was an outbreak of a new disease caused by the virus later named the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV-2, SARS CoV-2, 2019-nCoV). (crie.ru)

Can antibodies to seasonal coronaviruses protect against SARS-CoV-2? (scienceboard.net)
Here, the authors analysed immune response to two consecutive coronavirus infections and observed that hamsters infected with seasonal coronaviruses were not protected from COVID-19 despite cross-reactive antibodies. (springernature.com)
Specifically, the pestering common cold with mild respiratory symptoms can be caused by infection with one of several human seasonal coronaviruses. (springernature.com)
Although both viruses are members of the coronavirus family, they are distantly related, and we found seasonal coronaviruses were not able to protect against SARS-CoV-2. (springernature.com)

To identify the epidemiological characteristics and transmission patterns of pediatric patients with the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in China. (aap.org)
SARS-CoV-2, previously known as the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV), causes the pandemic COVID-19 disease. (thenativeantigencompany.com)
1,2 According to the Wall Street Journal on January 9, 2020, the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) confirmed that its causative agent is a third, zoonotic human coronavirus (CoV), provisionally named the 2019 novel coronavirus or 2019-nCoV. (athmjournal.com)

Coronaviruses comprise a genus Lesinurad of the family and are enveloped, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA viruses (30). (conferencedequebec.org)
Coronaviruses are common viruses that usually cause mild to moderate upper-respiratory tract illnesses in humans. (cdc.gov)
The viruses have crown-like spikes on their surfaces and hence the name coronavirus. (cdc.gov)
Human coronaviruses, enveloped RNA viruses, are not new and were first identified in the mid-1960s. (cdc.gov)
The RNA length in these single-stranded viruses is 26-32 (kb), and they are categorized into four genera of alpha (α), beta (β), gamma (γ) and delta (δ). (biomedcentral.com)
Coronaviruses (CoV) are member of a group of related viruses that cause diseases in mammals and birds. (biotechexpressmag.com)
Novel CoV-2019's story is not very old, a new group of viruses with the name of coronaviruses have been recognized by an informal group of virologists who have sent their conclusions to Nature and consequently in 1975 the International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) approved the creation of a new family, Coronaviridae, with one genus, Coronavirus (Tyrrell et al. (biotechexpressmag.com)
Coronaviruses (CoVs) are the largest group of viruses belonging to the Nidovirales order, which includes 4 families Coronaviridae, Arteriviridae, Mesoniviridae, and Roniviridae . (biotechexpressmag.com)
The Coronaviridae Study Group (CSG) of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses assessed the placement of the human pathogen which was tentatively named 2019-nCoV ( Reference ), within the Coronaviridae . (biotechexpressmag.com)
All viruses in the Nidovirales order are enveloped, coronavirus virions are spherical in shape. (biotechexpressmag.com)
Whilst this large family of viruses includes some important human pathogens, it is important to emphasise that CECoV is not closely related to human coronaviruses like SARS-CoV2, the cause of COVID-19. (liverpool.ac.uk)
Human Coronaviruses and Other Respiratory Viruses: Underestimated Opportunistic Pathogens of the Central Nervous System? (mdpi.com)
Respiratory viruses infect the human upper respiratory tract, mostly causing mild diseases. (mdpi.com)
Coronaviruses are a large family of diverse viruses which consist of four genera: alphacoronaviruses, betacoronaviruses, gammacoronaviruses and deltacoronaviruses (Figure 1A) 1,2 . (springernature.com)
Bats are considered the reservoir host or in other words, bats are the animal able to be infected with all four genera of these viruses 3-5 . (springernature.com)
Coronaviruses are enveloped, single-strand RNA viruses characterized by club-like spikes projecting from their surface and an unusually large RNA genome 3 . (abcam.com)
Their first question was whether the receptor-binding domain of the viruses is capable of infecting cells that carry the human ACE2 receptor. (williamhaseltine.com)
Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that cause diseases in mammalian, avian, and reptilian species. (konsyse.com)
Spillover: How Viruses Jump from Animals to Humans. (konsyse.com)

Human coronavirus HKU1 Lee, Paul (2007). (wikipedia.org)
0.0001]) and not statistically significant between HCoV-NL63 and -OC43 and between HCoV-NL63 and -HKU1. (conferencedequebec.org)
This is the type to which the other common cold coronaviruses HKU1 and OC43 belong. (updates4us.com)

One type of coronavirus that has infected individuals around the world is HCoV-OC43. (cov19longhaulfoundation.org)
The new disease was caused by a new type of coronavirus. (biomedcentral.com)
The first finding is that as many as seven different species of bats harbored the same type of coronavirus, known as a sarbecovirus. (williamhaseltine.com)

Group 2 includes bovine coronavirus, murine hepatitis virus, and human coronavirus OC34 (HCoV-OC43). (cdc.gov)
2] Bovine coronavirus and canine respiratory coronaviruses diverged from a common ancestor in 1951. (lupinepublishers.com)
3] Bovine coronavirus and human coronavirus OC43 diverged around the 1890s. (lupinepublishers.com)
Bovine coronavirus diverged from the equine coronavirus species at the end of the 18th century. (lupinepublishers.com)

As an accurate profile of the virus is urgently required, the present article screened the available literature on SARS-CoV-2 and other members of the coronavirus family to perform a literature review. (spandidos-publications.com)

The successful development and implementation to intervene prevention and treatment of virus infection over the past hundred years have had great advances on human and animal health. (medsci.org)
Pneumonia caused by the SARS-CoV-2 is spreading continuously, the ability to adapt host and genomic mutation of Coronavirus (CoV) lead to hampering in treatment or control of the infection. (medsci.org)
The critical role of the immune system has been found in the discovery that there are reported high morbidity and mortality rates of human CoV infection in immunocompromised host as well as patients with comorbidities [ 3 - 6 ]. (medsci.org)
The recent outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection in Wuhan, China has posed a serious threat to global public health. (nature.com)
To develop specific anti-coronavirus therapeutics and prophylactics, the molecular mechanism that underlies viral infection must first be defined. (nature.com)
We previously developed a pan-coronavirus fusion inhibitor, EK1, which targeted the HR1 domain and could inhibit infection by divergent human coronaviruses tested, including SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. (nature.com)
EK1C4 was also highly effective against membrane fusion and infection of other human coronavirus pseudoviruses tested, including SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, as well as SARSr-CoVs, and potently inhibited the replication of 5 live human coronaviruses examined, including SARS-CoV-2. (nature.com)
Intranasal application of EK1C4 before or after challenge with HCoV-OC43 protected mice from infection, suggesting that EK1C4 could be used for prevention and treatment of infection by the currently circulating SARS-CoV-2 and other emerging SARSr-CoVs. (nature.com)
With at least six previous exposures to various types of coronaviruses, researchers are exploring if antibodies created during earlier infection with coronaviruses can help to fight off SARS-CoV-2 infection. (scienceboard.net)
Although dromedary camels acted as a reservoir host unfurling the infection to humans but MERS-CoV was propounded to have emanated from bats. (pdfplayer.org)
In an effort to further understand and predict the health effects that can arise following infection by SARS-CoV-2, which is the infection that causes the disease COVID-19, many researchers have reevaluated the pathogenesis associated with coronaviruses that have already been identified. (cov19longhaulfoundation.org)
This new species of coronavirus has been termed 2019-nCoV and has caused a considerable number of cases of infection and deaths in China and, to a growing degree, beyond China, becoming a worldwide public health emergency. (revclinesp.es)
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to profile the effects of immunosuppressants and the combination of immunosuppressants with oral antiviral drugs molnupiravir and nirmatrelvir on pan-coronavirus infection in cell and human airway organoids (hAOs) culture models. (bvsalud.org)
Some individuals with PASC may not fully clear the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 after acute infection. (bvsalud.org)
Since both colds and COVID-19 are caused by coronaviruses, clinicians, public health officials, and scientists wondered if a recent cold caused by a seasonal coronavirus could protect from severe COVID-19 following SARS-CoV-2 infection. (springernature.com)
Here, for the first time, we used a preclinical model to investigate the direct effects of a previous seasonal coronavirus infection on the outcomes of a secondary SARS-CoV-2 infection. (springernature.com)
Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) are a highly prevalent cause of acute respiratory infection in children. (plos.org)
The human disease gene LYSET is essential for lysosomal enzyme transport and viral infection. (stanford.edu)
lt;span lang="EN-US">This review presents the basic principles of application of the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) reaction for the rapid diagnosis of coronavirus infection caused by SARS-CoV-2. (crie.ru)
Currently there are no effective treatments for the novel coronavirus infection. (crie.ru)
SARS-CoV-2 uncertainty exists regarding whether its emergence into human populations appears to be a zoonotic infection or related to release from a laboratory studying the virus. (hopkinsguides.com)

The virus causes the so-called novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that was declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020 (https://www.who.int/ru/director-general/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020). (crie.ru)
COVID-19 (novel COronaVirus Disease-2019) is the disease, SARS-CoV-2 is the virus. (hopkinsguides.com)

If HCoV-OC43 was indeed the pathogen responsible for the 1889-1890 pandemic, which resembled the COVID-19 pandemic, severe disease was much more common and mortality much higher in populations that had not previously been exposed. (wikipedia.org)
More recently, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV have emerged and caused severe disease in humans. (scienceboard.net)
The Omicron virus has strongly high rate of mutation compared with other kinds of Coronaviruses and therefore, cause severe symptoms of inflammation in the patients including lungs. (lupinepublishers.com)
Since this time, coronaviruses have been considered a significant pandemic threat as a new severe coronavirus could spillover from animals into humans at anytime 3-7 . (springernature.com)

The Coronavirinae Suborder is further subdivided into Coronaviridae family, two subfamilies Letovirinae and Orthocoronavirinae four genera the alpha, beta, gamma, and delta coronaviruses and further into 24 subgenera and 39 species ( more on ICTV ). (biotechexpressmag.com)
Coronaviruses are part of the order Nidovirales of the family Coronaviridae. (konsyse.com)

OC43 and BCoV are closely related genetically, and OC43 might have resulted from zoonotic spillover of BCoV (100, 101). (wikipedia.org)
2020). Palm civets and racoon dogs on the other hand have been acknowledged as intermediary hosts for zoonotic conveyance of SARS-CoV between bats and humans (Guan et al. (pdfplayer.org)
An outbreak of a novel, zoonotic coronavirus occurred in December 2019 in the city of Wuhan, China and has now affected almost the entire world, with the maximum confirmed cases being 1 521 252 as of April 10, 2020. (athmjournal.com)

Please see Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and for continuously updated clinical guidance concerning COVID-19 and Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Investigational Drugs and Other Therapies for updated drug information. (medscape.com)

A species in the genus CORONAVIRUS causing the common cold and possibly nervous system infections in humans . (online-medical-dictionary.org)

As of 24 February 2020, a total of 79,331 confirmed cases of COVID-19, including 2618 deaths, were reported in China and 27 other countries, 11 posing a serious threat to global public health and thus calling for the prompt development of specific anti-coronavirus therapeutics and prophylactics for treatment and prevention of COVID-19. (nature.com)
Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. (cdc.gov)
The World Health Organization (WHO) described the disease caused by the virus as Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) on 10 January 2020 [3]. (ospublishers.com)
In early January 2020, the specific virus was isolated and later identified as a novel coronavirus by sequencing ( 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

At the end of 2019, a novel coronavirus started as an emerging pathogen for humans and resulted in a pandemic. (medscape.com)
Shortly thereafter, a novel coronavirus, 2019-nCoV, as denoted by WHO, 3 was identified as the pathogen causing the coronavirus disease COVID-19. (nature.com)
The data generated using PepSeq allowed for broad characterization of the antibody response in individuals recently infected with SARS-CoV-2 compared with those of individuals exposed only to previous coronaviruses that now are widespread in human populations," said lead author, Jason Ladner, PhD, an assistant professor at NAU's Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, in a statement. (scienceboard.net)
Molluscum contagiosum virus is an obligate human pathogen that causes distinctive proliferative skin lesions. (gkhospital.in)

the disease caused by this virus was named coronavirus disease (COVID-19) according to the WHO criteria for naming emerging diseases [ 7 ]. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)

Bats and birds, being warm-blooded flying vertebrates, seemed to be ideal hosts for coronavirus gene source, thus fueling coronavirus evolution and dissemination. (konsyse.com)

To do this, they used epitope-level assays that have the potential to provide additional information about immune cross-reactivity between other coronavirus strains and SARS-CoV-2. (scienceboard.net)
They compared SARS-CoV-2 reactivity profiles with patterns of peptides from the second constructed peptide library which included endemic human coronavirus strains. (scienceboard.net)

2019-nCoV has high homology to other pathogenic coronaviruses, such as those originating from bat-related zoonosis (SARS-CoV), which caused approximately 646 deaths in China at the start of the decade. (revclinesp.es)

It is the beginning of 21st century when the species of SARS-CoV start spreading the deadly pneumonia into in humans (Drosten et al. (pdfplayer.org)
A retrospective analysis recently indicated that the first case of a coronavirus of unknown pneumonia etiology had been reported on December 12, 2019 and had been confirmed by the Wuhan Municipal health commission in Wuhan, Hubei, China, on December 31, 2019. (athmjournal.com)
The latter was identified after a spike in cases of pneumonia of unknown etiology in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China during December 2019 and was initially named novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) [ 5 , 6 ]. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)

Even for centuries before the COVID-19 pandemic, people have dealt with the family of coronaviruses. (springernature.com)
Next generation vaccines are an essential tool for protecting public health against both the currently circulating coronaviruses as well as the next spillover coronavirus with pandemic potential. (springernature.com)
The difficulty of finding effective antivirals in the current pandemic has stimulated the search for better drug development approaches that will reveal targetable viral structures, thus helping to prevent and treat both the current and any future coronavirus outbreaks. (news-medical.net)
The novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, is thought to have emerged in China in 2019 and has since spread across the globe, causing a global pandemic. (abcam.com)
The current Coronaviruses pandemic has great importance. (scitcentral.com)

A new coronavirus outbreak emerged on the 31st of December 2019 in Wuhan, China, causing commotion among the medical community and the rest of the world. (revclinesp.es)

The anti-coronavirus effect of the JAK inhibitors tofacitinib and filgotinib is dependent on the inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation. (bvsalud.org)

NeoCoV is not a new coronavirus, and it - along with Mers - belongs to a distinctly different genera (a type of subclassification) of coronaviruses known as merbecovirus. (updates4us.com)
The MERS-CoV is a novel coronavirus that was initially designated HCoV-EMC. (cdc.gov)
Three recent examples of this are SARS2 CoV2019, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV ( https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/types.html ). (biotechexpressmag.com)
They scanned these samples not only for SARS-CoV-2 recognition but also for six other human coronaviruses, including SARS-1 and MERS. (accessh.org)
However, some of them have evolved and jumped to humans through a spillover event, such as in the case of SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, and four other coronaviruses that cause mild respiratory symptoms in the human population. (konsyse.com)
For example, there is a broad consensus that SARS-CoV was transmitted from bats to civet cats and further down to humans while MERS-CoV came from dromedary camels. (konsyse.com)

As anticipated, in late 2019 the world was presented again with another coronavirus spillover. (springernature.com)

The virus enters human cells via endocytosis by binding the ACE2 receptor and releasing its positive-sense RNA genome. (news-medical.net)
Bat species falling in this genus contain an ACE2 receptor that closely resembles that of humans. (williamhaseltine.com)
These two observations demonstrate that not only does the bat virus receptor-binding domain recognize human ACE2, but the whole virus is capable of infecting humans. (williamhaseltine.com)
Their second concern was to understand exactly how similarly the bat coronaviruses bind ACE2 compared to SARS-CoV-2. (williamhaseltine.com)

The infecting coronavirus is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus that enters its host cell by binding to the N-acetyl-9-O-acetylneuraminic acid receptor. (wikipedia.org)
The same sugar receptor is also recognized by human coronavirus OC43 (43, 99). (wikipedia.org)
One frame encodes the spike protein (S protein), a class I fusion protein that forms homotrimers protruding from the viral surface and mediates coronaviruses attachment and adhesion to human target cells via a host receptor. (thenativeantigencompany.com)
Within the trimeric S protein, only one of the three RBD heads is present in the accessible conformation to bind the human Angiotensin 2 (hACE2) host cell receptor 10 . (abcam.com)
Structure of SARS Coronavirus Spike Receptor-Binding Domain Complexed with Receptor. (konsyse.com)

Basis of treatment based dendritic cells to combat coronavirus infections is summarized. (medsci.org)
BACKGROUND: Immunocompromised populations, such as organ transplant recipients and patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) receiving immunosuppressive/immunomodulatory medications, may be more susceptible to coronavirus infections. (bvsalud.org)
In contrast to animals, wherein they have been shown to infect several tissues causing a large variety of diseases, mainly human respiratory infections with mild common cold-like symptoms, with occasional gastrointestinal problems have been reported. (scitcentral.com)
Coronavirus for common human respiratory coronavirus infections. (hopkinsguides.com)

In this review, the characteristics of coronavirus are described briefly. (medsci.org)
The study intended to examine the features and characteristics of existing human coronaviruses and identify their resemblance to the newly identified 2019-nCoV. (athmjournal.com)

Canine enteric coronavirus belongs to the alphacoronaviruses , along with feline coronavirus (FeCoV, the causative agent of Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP)) and transmissable gastroenteritis of pigs (TGEV). (liverpool.ac.uk)

The researchers hypothesized that cross-reactivity of antibodies can be explained by exposure to conserved protein regions of related endemic human coronaviruses. (scienceboard.net)
Our findings highlight sites at which the SARS-CoV-2 response appears to be shaped by previous coronavirus exposures, and which have potential to raise broadly-neutralizing antibodies," said senior author, John Altin, PhD, assistant professor in TGen's infectious disease branch. (scienceboard.net)
We further demonstrate that these cross-reactive antibodies preferentially bind to endemic coronavirus peptides, suggesting that the response to SARS-CoV-2 at these regions may be constrained by previous coronavirus exposure. (scienceboard.net)
They eventually found a set of six monoclonal antibodies that bound all seven human coronaviruses tested. (accessh.org)

Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is an enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus and a member of the family Paramyxoviridae. (gkhospital.in)

Mycophenolic acid (MPA), 6-thioguanine (6-TG), tofacitinib and filgotinib treatment dose-dependently inhibited viral replication of all tested coronaviruses in both cell lines and hAOs. (bvsalud.org)
The researchers say this heralds the application of these molecules as chemical probes to explore viral biology and produce specific antivirals targeting RNA regions of the coronavirus genome. (news-medical.net)
Finally, we show that spironolactone exerts a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on viral entry in human lung epithelial cells. (stanford.edu)
The evolution of viral variants and subvariants has slowed due to significant global human immunity. (hopkinsguides.com)

This information will guide the design of improved vaccines against coronaviruses such as a pan-coronavirus vaccine. (springernature.com)
Vaccines for coronaviruses are not yet available and treatment remains only symptomatic. (scitcentral.com)

They tested for reactivity and binding specificity to a panel of coronavirus Spike proteins to narrow this pool. (accessh.org)
FIGURE 1: Heat map representing the binding of broadly reactive mAbs to spike proteins from coronaviruses across the alpha, beta and deltacoronavirus genera. (accessh.org)
The three species of rhinovirus (A, B, and C) include around 160 recognized types of human rhinovirus that differ according to their surface proteins. (gkhospital.in)

Coronaviruses have a worldwide distribution, causing 10-15% of common cold cases (the virus most commonly implicated in the common cold is a rhinovirus, found in 30-50% of cases). (wikipedia.org)
The virus showed 85% shared identity with the bat SARS-like coronavirus (SARS-CoV), raising the possibility of animal-to-human transmission. (medscape.com)
The SARS-CoV-like virus that exists in animals does not cause typical SARS-like disease in the natural hosts and is not transmitted from animals to humans. (cdc.gov)
Under certain conditions, the virus may have evolved into the early human SARS-CoV, with the ability to be transmitted from animals to humans or even from humans to humans, resulting in localized outbreaks and mild human disease. (cdc.gov)
Early human SARS-CoV is closer genetically to animal SARS-CoV-like virus than to late human SARS-CoV, which has a 29-nucleotide (in some isolates a 415-nucleotide) deletion in open reading frame 8 ( 3 , 4 ). (cdc.gov)
however, virus-containing vesicles at the cell surface can also undergo scission to also penetrate human cells. (cov19longhaulfoundation.org)
2019-nCoV es un virus con alta homología con otros coronavirus patogénicos, como los originados por zoonosis con murciélagos (SARS-CoV) causantes de aproximadamente 646 muertes en China a principios de la década. (revclinesp.es)
Even World Health Organisation on Friday had pointed out, Whether the virus detected in the study will pose a risk for humans will require further study. (updates4us.com)
However, the virus in question has a latent potential to mutate and penetrate the human population. (updates4us.com)
Just one mutation is enough for the virus to be able to infiltrate human cells, claim scientists. (updates4us.com)
The SARS-CoV-2 virus primarily affects the human respiratory system. (biomedcentral.com)
Canine enteric coronavirus (CECoV) is an RNA virus belonging to the coronavirus family. (liverpool.ac.uk)
Human-to-human transmission is the main route of spread of the virus, mainly through direct contact, respiratory droplets and aerosols [ 9-12 ]. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
Most of the recent human rabies cases in the United States have been caused by rabies virus that was transmitted through a bat vector. (williamhaseltine.com)
As of January 2021, according to the John Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center (https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/), there were more than 100 million confirmed COVID-19 cases and more than 2 million deaths worldwide, the numbers being illustrative of the speed of the virus spread and urgency of containment measures to halt the spread. (crie.ru)

These five residues are amongst the most conserved in the coronavirus genera Spike protein, all of which are conserved in at least 34 of 35 coronavirus species. (accessh.org)

A deletion from BCoV to HCoV-OC43 may have taken place for the interspecies transmission event from bovines to humans. (wikipedia.org)

Image: Phylogenetic analysis of RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (Pol) of coronaviruses with complete genome sequences available. (biotechexpressmag.com)
They went on to show that the complete genome of BANAL-20-236 is plaque-forming when introduced to human cells. (williamhaseltine.com)

Researchers have been examining human-to-human transmission, the possibility of an intermediate host between bats and humans, and the existence of asymptomatic cases. (athmjournal.com)
The coronaviruses have been coevolved with bats for a long time and the ancestors of SARS-CoV first infected the species of the genus Hipposideridae, subsequently spread to species of the Rhinolophidae and then to civets, and finally to humans. (lupinepublishers.com)
However, it is rare for humans to contract rabies from infected bats. (williamhaseltine.com)
One of the predominant genera of bats in the region is the Rhinolophus (horseshoe bat). (williamhaseltine.com)

The coronavirus family is divded into three distinct groups or genera - alpha, beta and gammacoronaviruses. (liverpool.ac.uk)

Esta nueva especie de coronavirus fue denominada como 2019-nCoV, causante de un gran número de casos y fallecimientos en China y en cantidad creciente fuera de ella, convirtiéndose en una emergencia de salud pública a nivel mundial. (revclinesp.es)
The WHO named this coronavirus 2019-nCoV, with COVID-19 being the name for diseases allied with it. (athmjournal.com)
A novel coronavirus or nCoV is the usual naming designation for a new strain that has not been previously identified in humans. (konsyse.com)

At the time of this writing, more than 7 million COVID-19 cases are diagnosed worldwide, and it has been increasing still ( https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019 ). (medsci.org)

The origin of HCoV-OC43 is uncertain, but it is thought that it may have originated in rodents, then passed through cattle as intermediate hosts. (wikipedia.org)
Recent estimates of the number of people infected by coronaviruses of horseshoe bat origin in Southeast Asia are between 400,000 and two million. (williamhaseltine.com)
A Case for the Ancient Origin of Coronaviruses. (konsyse.com)

January 20, 2021 -- COVID-19 is not the world's first exposure to a coronavirus. (scienceboard.net)

7] The most closely related bat coronavirus and SARSCoV- 2 diverged in 1986. (lupinepublishers.com)
In fact, they are so closely related that the idea that SARS-CoV-2 originated from RaTG13 coronavirus isolated from horseshoe bat in southern China in 2013 is no longer tenable. (williamhaseltine.com)

However, little is known about how immunosuppressants affect coronavirus replication and their combinational effects with antiviral drugs. (bvsalud.org)
RESULTS: Dexamethasone and 5-aminosalicylic acid moderately stimulated the replication of different coronaviruses. (bvsalud.org)
CONCLUSIONS: Different immunosuppressants have distinct effects on coronavirus replication, with 6-TG, MPA, tofacitinib and filgotinib possessing pan-coronavirus antiviral activity. (bvsalud.org)
Coronaviruses can evolve rapidly because they have a high error rate during replication. (liverpool.ac.uk)

Importantly, prior to 2003, human coronaviruses (HCoVs) were thought to only cause a mild cold-like disease 6,7 . (springernature.com)

Collectively, all the associated diseases caused by SARS-CoV-2 are termed Coronavirus Disease of 2019 (COVID-19). (spandidos-publications.com)
Coronaviruses also commonly infect birds and mammals, causing gastroenteritis and respiratory diseases. (hopkinsguides.com)

Humans on the other hand are only susceptible to alphacoronaviruses and betacoronaviruses. (springernature.com)

Organisms13

Diseases9

Chemicals and Drugs2

Betacoronavirus14

229E18

Infect humans5

Respiratory syndrome25

Seasonal coronaviruses4

2019 novel coronavirus3

Viruses19

HKU13

Type of coronavirus3

Bovine4

Members of the coronavirus family1

Infection21

Novel coronavirus disease 20192

Severe4

Coronaviridae2

Zoonotic3

Concerning COVID-191

Species in the genus1

20204

Pathogen4

Disease COVID-191

Evolution and dissemination1

Strains2

Pathogenic coronaviruses1

Pneumonia3

Pandemic5

Outbreak1

Anti-coronavirus1

Mers6

Spillover1

ACE24

Receptor5

Infections4

Characteristics2

Belongs1

Antibodies4

Single-stranded1

Viral4

Vaccines2

Proteins3

Virus15

Spike1

BCoV1

Genome2

Bats4

Gammacoronaviruses1

NCoV3

Https1

Origin3

20211

Closely2

Replication4

Mild1

Diseases2

Alphacoronaviruses1