• Four Core Genotypes (FCG) mice are laboratory mice produced by genetic engineering that allow biomedical researchers to determine if a sex difference in phenotype is caused by effects of gonadal hormones or sex chromosome genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • We establish and characterize the Bckdha ( branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase a ) −/− mouse that exhibits a lethal neonatal phenotype mimicking human MSUD. (nature.com)
  • The phenotype of the L1 mutant mouse indicates that it is a potentially valuable model for the human CRASH syndrome. (jneurosci.org)
  • Phenotype comparisons summarize the similarity of mouse phenotypes with human disease phenotypes. (mousephenotype.org)
  • No notable phenotype was observed for the heterozygous mice. (mmrrc.org)
  • Genotype-Phenotype Correlation of Tracheal Cartilaginous Sleeves and Fgfr2 Mutations in Mice. (cdc.gov)
  • SMAD6 variants in craniosynostosis: genotype and phenotype evaluation. (cdc.gov)
  • 7] No genotype-phenotype correlation has been found. (medscape.com)
  • In the rotarod test, there was also a main effect of genotype with AhrbCyp1a2(-/-) knockout mice showing impaired performance on Days 1, 2 and 5 of the test. (nku.edu)
  • At NERF, PINK1 knockout mice are used for this research. (pxl.be)
  • While one\knockout mice are practical, dual\knockout mice are lethal 19 embryonically, 20, 21. (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • The IMPC applies a panel of phenotyping screens to characterise single-gene knockout mice by comparison to wild types. (mousephenotype.org)
  • Here, we used the σR1-knockout mouse ( Sigmar1 −/− ) to demonstrate unambiguously the role of the σR1 in protecting the retinal ganglion cells against degeneration after acute damage to the optic nerve. (molvis.org)
  • In this study, mouse conditional knockout of VSMC GGTase-I (Pggt1b Δ / Δ mice) was generated using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. (hindawi.com)
  • CRISPR/Cas9-mediated NHEJ in mouse embryos will be used to generate founder animals harboring insertion/deletion (indel) or interval deletion knockout alleles. (bcm.edu)
  • NIH acquires knockout mice. (mmrrc.org)
  • The comparison of XX and XY mice with the same type of gonad reveals sex differences in phenotypes that are caused by sex chromosome genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • The comparison of mice with different gonads but the same sex chromosomes reveals sex differences in phenotypes that are caused by gonadal hormones. (wikipedia.org)
  • It provides an opportunity for students to analyze amino acid data and draw conclusions about the evolution of coat-color phenotypes in the rock pocket mouse. (berkeley.edu)
  • The MPDt systematically characterizes biochemical and behavioral phenotypes of 40 commonly used and genetically diverse inbred mouse strains. (jax.org)
  • In light of the severe motor phenotypes and apparent cerebellar abnormalities seen in BFPP patients, we studied the cerebellum of Gpr56 knock-out mice. (jneurosci.org)
  • To mimic activation of Gα12 pathways, constitutively active Gα12 (QL) was conditionally expressed in podocytes using Nphs2-Cre and LacZ/floxed QLα12 transgenic mice. (medscape.com)
  • The proportion of APOE genotypes and alleles differ between populations of different ethnic groups and gender [1]. (j-alz.com)
  • With the exception of splenic CD4-/CD8-cells in female mice only, no alterations were observed in splenic T-cell populations, numbers of splenic B220+ cells, or in lymphocyte proliferation at 12 months of age. (nih.gov)
  • Furthermore, populations of all thymic T-cell subpopulations were decreased in male but not female mice following exposure to 14,000 ppb TCE. (nih.gov)
  • Genotype is an important determinant factor of host susceptibility to periodontitis in the Collaborative Cross and inbred mouse populations. (bvsalud.org)
  • The aim of this study was to determine the phenotypic response of inbred and Collaborative Cross (CC) mouse populations to periodontal bacterial challenge, using an experimental periodontitis model. (bvsalud.org)
  • Evolving populations were founded as equal mixtures of sexual and obligately asexual genotypes. (bioone.org)
  • These contrasts with asexual controls suggest an advantage for sex in mice but not in test tubes, although there was no difference between test tubes and mice in the numbers of populations fixed for sexuals. (bioone.org)
  • In analogous experiments testing for an advantage of increased mutation rates, wild-type genotypes became fixed at the expense of mutators in every replicate of both test tube and mouse populations, indicating a disadvantage for mutators in both environments. (bioone.org)
  • Contact between wild mice and pet rodents is the most likely cause of transmission to pet rodent populations. (cdc.gov)
  • This project includes in vitro and in vivo experiments, using human (large number of non-diabetic and diabetic individuals, vesll biopsies) and animal (GIPR KO, Ins2Akita and STZ-induced diabetic mice) materials and well-equipped facilities for molecular biology (high-throughput genotyping platform, Mass Array-Sequenom, Taqman), biochemistry (multiplex), histology (confocal imaging, EM) and functional blood pressure microvascular function, GFR) studies. (lu.se)
  • Using the inbred mouse as a model organism, QTL mapping has become a very important tool for finding the genes that regulate complex human diseases, including atherosclerosis, diabetes, obesity, asthma and hypertension. (jax.org)
  • Because of cross-species concordance, QTL and their underlying candidate genes can first be identified, cost-effectively, in mice and then the genes can be tested relatively easily in humans and verified in mice. (jax.org)
  • at the same time, suppression of anti-inflammatory factors epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) production by down-regulating cytochrome P450 CYP2 (CYP2) encoding genes was observed in mutant and wild-type variants of all HBx genotypes studied. (edu.hk)
  • Moreover, our group has recently evidenced that early-life infection in 5xFAD mice induces a subpopulation of microglial cells with a monocyte-like profile presenting as potential markers genes corresponding to Gal3, and APOE. (lu.se)
  • Gpr56 knock-out mice on a mixed 129/BL6/FvB/BALB/c background were obtained from Genentech and Lexicon Genetics. (jneurosci.org)
  • Phenotypic data provided by Lexicon Genetics, Inc. Full report available through MGI data link (includes genotyping information under "Genetics" on left side of screen). (mmrrc.org)
  • A human blood chimeric mouse could serve to harmonize in vitro P. falciparum cultivation and in vivo studies carried out in rodent animal models. (frontiersin.org)
  • APOE in the bullseye of neurodegenerative diseases: impact of the APOE genotype in Alzheimer's disease pathology and brain diseases. (lu.se)
  • BAL macrophage activation status was differentially impacted by hTLR-4 genotype in female and male mice. (cdc.gov)
  • Putative receptors that are responsible for rhLAMAN uptake into the brain across the Blood Brain Barrier were investigated and we were able to study the outcome of long-term ERT on the neuropathology and associated behavioural deficits observed in immune-tolerant alpha-Mannosidosis mice. (europa.eu)
  • The present study demonstrates segregation for the putative Ahl gene and mapping of such a gene to Chromosome 10, consistent with other independent mapping of Ahl for AHL in 10 strains of mice [Johnson et al. (cdc.gov)
  • Cluster analyses were used to distinguish the two putative genotypes, the least affected with NIHL (+/Ahl) and most affected with PTS (Ahl/Ahl). (cdc.gov)
  • The objectives of this study were to examine the distribution of oncogenic HPV genotypes in biopsies with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia stage 3 or more severe lesions (CIN3+) at the beginning of HPV vaccination programmes and to compare sociodemographic and behavioural factors of women with CIN3+ with women in the Swiss general population. (uzh.ch)
  • Human papillomavirus genotyping using next generation sequencing (NGS) in cervical lesions: Genotypes by histologic grade and their relative proportion in multiple infections. (who.int)
  • D) Immunoblotting from the indicated protein in lung tumors from EGFR and EGFR/MET mice. (greatlakeshighereducationnow.com)
  • MET Overexpression Lowers EGFR Activity To determine if the MET-induced EGFR inhibition seen in lung tumors from EGFR/MET mice was medically relevant, we performed a relationship evaluation of pEGFR and pMET appearance within a TCGA cohort of sufferers with lung adenocarcinoma [9]. (greatlakeshighereducationnow.com)
  • Future research would benefit from understanding the relationship between APOE genotype and how we could use micronutrients to accumulate in brain to help relive oxidative stress. (j-alz.com)
  • The genetic expression of APOE4 constitutes one of the highest genetic risk factors for developing AD, yet, new mutations are being discovered potentially influencing AD's pathology, hence evidencing the profound impact of the APOE genotype in AD pathophysiology [2]. (lu.se)
  • Profile and regulation of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) expression in the CNS in mice with targeting of green fluorescent protein gene to the ApoE locus. (lu.se)
  • The increased role of QTL mapping and favored status of the inbred mouse in that role, are due to the improvement and development of genetic research tools (many of them pioneered by The Jackson Laboratory) to manipulate the mouse genome. (jax.org)
  • In addition, powerful databases like the Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI) database, the JAX® Mice database and the Mouse Phenome Database - all maintained at The Jackson Laboratory - are constantly improving to facilitate QTL mapping in the mouse. (jax.org)
  • Changes in transcription of endogenous type-C virus genome during mouse liver regeneration. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Design a genome editing approach to produce and detect the desired allele, including selection of a critical exon, selection of guide RNAs, and a PCR-based genotyping scheme. (bcm.edu)
  • Review genome editing approaches designed by the investigator, including verification that the approach will produce a null allele, independent computational assessment of guide RNA quality, and review of the genotyping approach. (bcm.edu)
  • Investigators can opt to have the guide RNAs tested for genome editing efficiency in mouse zygotes prior to the production attempt [see Guide RNA testing in mouse zygotes ]. (bcm.edu)
  • If the core performs genotyping, they will report back to the investigator the total number of animals analyzed, total number of animals with genome editing detected, and total number of animals with desired genome editing event. (bcm.edu)
  • We report a 100% accurate multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) assay for genotyping the Ts65Dn mouse that is also applicable to all other segmentally trisomic mouse models of Down syndrome. (imrpress.com)
  • The VERSANT® HCV Genotype 2.0 Assay (LiPA) is a line probe assay designed to identify Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes 1 to 6 in human serum or EDTA plasma samples. (cdc.gov)
  • Do the placental barrier, parasite genotype and Toll-like receptor polymorphisms contribute to the course of primary infection with various Toxoplasma gondii genotypes in pregnant women? (springer.com)
  • Genotype I of T. gondii is most virulent for mice, inducing extensive parasite dissemination and sudden murine death. (springer.com)
  • Hence, it was suggested that T. gondii strains virulent for mice might not lead to a similar course of toxoplasmosis in humans. (springer.com)
  • Further studies should be performed to identify the genotypes of T. gondii that infect humans in Gabon. (bvsalud.org)
  • Conversely, as seen in sufferers also, the crizotinib (anti-MET TKI) and osimertinib mixture improved success and decreased tumor burden in EGFR/MET mice, validating the types benefit for preclinical research further more. (greatlakeshighereducationnow.com)
  • We used 549,599 SNPs that passed quality control filtering and performed additional steps to improve the quality of the genotype calls. (jax.org)
  • Our genotype data include SNPs, deletions larger than 100kb, and VINOs (Variable INtensity Oligonucleotides). (jax.org)
  • In the motor, somatosensory, and visual cortex, many pyramidal neurons in layer V exhibited undulating apical dendrites that did not reach layer I. The hippocampus of L1 mutant mice was smaller than normal, with fewer pyramidal and granule cells. (jneurosci.org)
  • Enlarged ventricles and septal abnormalities were also features of the mutant mouse brain. (jneurosci.org)
  • This study attempts to elucidate the mechanisms contributing to tumor progression of K130M/V131I mutant and wild-type variants of HBx genotypes A, B, C and D in vivo. (edu.hk)
  • while both wild-type and mutant variants of genotype C induced similar tumorigenic evidence as mutant variant of genotype B. In general, both wild-type and mutant variants of all HBx genotypes played an important role in liver hepatitis by activating the arachidonic acid metabolic pathway. (edu.hk)
  • A minimum of four (4) mutant mice, heterozygous for the selected mutation on a mixed 129S5;B6 background. (taconic.com)
  • The chimeric mice are bred to C57BL/6J albino mice to generate F1 heterozygous animals. (mmrrc.org)
  • On rare occasions, for example when very few F1 mice are obtained from the chimera, F1 heterozygous mice are crossed to 129/SvEvBrd x C57BL/6 hybrid mice to yield additional heterozygous animals for the intercross to generate the F2 mice. (mmrrc.org)
  • The C57BL/6J (B6) and DBA/2J (D2) inbred strains of mice exhibit an age-related hearing loss (AHL) due to a recessive gene (Ahl) that maps to Chromosome 10. (cdc.gov)
  • The customer had given us 2 unpurified mouse gDNA samples and a set or primers. (civicbio.com)
  • Variations in hybridization of RNA from different mouse tissues and embryos to endogenous C-type virus DNA transcripts. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • If the guide RNAs were (i) tested in mouse embryos by the core and the core approved their use based on the genotyping results and (ii) the core conducted the founder genotyping, the core can review results, redesign the approach and reagents if needed, and the electroporation can be repeated. (bcm.edu)
  • If the guide RNAs were not tested in mouse embryos or the investigator conducts their own genotyping, there will be no reduced costs for additional work. (bcm.edu)
  • Inducing sex altered these outcomes in opposite directions in test tubes and mice, decreasing the fixation frequencies of sexuals in test tubes but increasing them in mice. (bioone.org)
  • a The values were shown as maximum variation of nucleotide sequence identities (%) within genotype 1. (cdc.gov)
  • c Thresholds of nucleotide sequence identities % as different genotypes. (cdc.gov)
  • d Thresholds of amino acid sequence identities % as different genotypes. (cdc.gov)
  • There are different techniques for genotyping like RFLP, sequence analysis, micro array, In this case PCR is used to determine whether or not an animal contains the complete PINK1 gene and the cre gene. (pxl.be)
  • Collectively, our data suggest that huRBCs reconstituted NSG mice infected with attenuated P . falciparum is a valuable tool to explore the role of C9 mutation in the growth and survival of parasite mutants and their response to the host's immune responses. (frontiersin.org)
  • A homozygous mutation in the murine resulting in a C\terminal truncation from the protein leads to severe mixed immunodeficiency, SCID 17, and a kinase\inactive DNA\PKcs\mutated protein network marketing leads to Ku70/Ku80\ and p53\reliant embryonic lethality in mice 18. (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • We tested for advantages of sex and of increased mutation rates in yeast strains in two contrasting environments: a standard and relatively homogeneous laboratory environment of minimal medium in test tubes, and the variable environment of a mouse brain experienced by pathogenic strains. (bioone.org)
  • Brian Grimberg and Clifford Zeyl "THE EFFECTS OF SEX AND MUTATION RATE ON ADAPTATION IN TEST TUBES AND TO MOUSE HOSTS BY SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE ," Evolution 59(2), 431-438, (1 February 2005). (bioone.org)
  • DISCUSSION TGF-β 1 genotypes may have a role in mediating pulmonary dysfunction in patients with cystic fibrosis. (bmj.com)
  • Pulmonary toxicity of nickel oxide nanoparticles in a transgenic mouse model expressing humanized Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4). (cdc.gov)
  • Specific mouse strains are enriched for specific operational taxonomic units and taxonomic groups, while the 'cage effect' can occur across mouse strain boundaries and is mainly driven by Helicobacter infections. (nih.gov)
  • For most lines, the mouse ES cells used in generating the model are of the 129S5 strain. (taconic.com)
  • The MMRRC Centers have developed a genetic QC pipeline using MiniMUGA array genotyping to provide additional information on strain backgrounds for MMRRC congenic and inbred strains. (mmrrc.org)
  • These findings are consistent with information obtained previously from our hTLR-4 skin studies, collectively suggesting that the hTLR-4 mouse strain is able to more accurately emulate acute inflammatory responses to nickel in humans. (cdc.gov)
  • What does the "four core genotypes" mouse model tell us about sex differences in the brain and other tissues? (wikipedia.org)
  • The Ts65Dn mouse is the most widely investigated segmentally trisomic mouse model of Down syndrome. (imrpress.com)
  • Introduction of several mouse strains with genetic immune deficiencies has greatly benefited the development of a small laboratory animal model ( 7 - 15 ) to study the asexual blood stage infection of P. falciparum . (frontiersin.org)
  • We are using a mouse model to determine if genetic differences increase susceptibility to BaP exposure during early brain development. (nku.edu)
  • Most QTL have been mapped in model organisms such as the mouse and the rat. (jax.org)
  • That similarity has become all the more evident in the past 15 years as comparative genomics has demonstrated that the location of mouse and other model animal QTL can predict the location of homologous QTL in humans. (jax.org)
  • In this model, mice are co-infected with Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum , bacterial strains associated with human periodontal disease . (bvsalud.org)
  • The mouse model of diabetes-accelerated atherosclerosis was induced by streptozotocin injections and an atherogenic diet. (hindawi.com)
  • APOE4-specific changes in Abeta accumulation in a new transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer disease. (lu.se)
  • Human APOE4 increases microglia reactivity at Abeta plaques in a mouse model of Abeta deposition. (lu.se)
  • In non-clinical studies we also found the optimal rhLAMAN dose for a maximal correction of visceral and central nervous system pathology following injection in immune-tolerant alpha Mannosidosis mice. (europa.eu)
  • Transcription of endogenous C-type virus in resting and proliferating tissues of BALB/Mo mice. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Selective transcription of homologous genomic sequences of N- and X-tropic endogenous retroviruses in BALB/C mouse tissues. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Prevalence of the group-specific (gs) antigen and infectious virus expression of the murine C-type RNA viruses during the life span of BALB/cr mice. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Despite advances in the medical management of cystic fibrosis over the last three decades, there are still a number of unexplained differences in its clinical course, especially in the rate of development of respiratory failure of patients who appear to have the same CFTR genotype, degree of bacterial colonisation, and compliance with medication. (bmj.com)
  • She and co-researchers found significant concordance among mouse, human and rat hypertension QTL, 4 between mouse and human HDL cholesterol QTL, 6 between rat and human kidney disease QTL, 7 between mouse and human atherosclerosis QTL, 8 and among various species for osteoporosis, inflammatory bowel disease, type II diabetes and asthma QTL. (jax.org)
  • Clear-cut species differences were seen in the activities of the four enzymes involved in the DEHP metabolism among mice, rats, and marmosets. (who.int)
  • Genetic basis for susceptibility to noise -induced hearing loss in mice. (cdc.gov)
  • Controlled reactive professional phagocytic leukocytes in immunodeficient mice allowed for sizeable human blood chimerism and injected huRBCs acted as bona fide host cells for P. falciparum . (frontiersin.org)
  • Therefore, humanized mice capable of harboring the human malaria infection are urgently needed to understand the parasite biology. (frontiersin.org)
  • This NSG mouse, depleted with γ-chain of the IL-2 receptor, has been shown to better tolerate a variety of human transplanted cells ( 17 - 24 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The reduction in the residual innate immune effectors (mainly cells of monocytes and macrophages lineage) and co-administration of huRBCs supplied with decomplemented human serum through an intravenous route led to the development of a reproducible humanized mouse. (frontiersin.org)
  • The analysis uses data from IMPC, along with published data on other mouse mutants, in comparison to human disease reports in OMIM, Orphanet, and DECIPHER. (mousephenotype.org)
  • The disrupted mouse gene is Slc27a4 (solute carrier family 27 [fatty acid transporter], member 4), ortholog of human SLC27A4. (mmrrc.org)
  • In the second stage, horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-labeled antibody conjugate (mouse monoclonal anti-human IgG) binds to any human IgG captured on the well in the first stage. (cdc.gov)
  • Recent findings show that encountered in the workplace include toluene diisocya- sensitized mice develop airway hyperreactivity and inflammation, nate (TDI), diphenyl-methane diisocyanate and hexam- reflective of human disease. (cdc.gov)
  • Initially, four commercial inbred mouse strains were examined to calibrate the procedure and test for gender effects. (bvsalud.org)
  • However, a lot is known about PORCN signaling in the mouse and in humans. (medscape.com)
  • Confocal microscopy revealed disordered collagen IVα1/2 staining in older mice and loss of α5 without changes in other collagen IV subunits. (medscape.com)
  • Before mice can be used for experiments the researchers have to be sure about the genotype. (pxl.be)
  • The bands are very clear so the researchers can be sure about the genotype of the animals used in their experiments. (pxl.be)
  • In contrast, genotype II causes non-fatal infection with much less tachyzoite dissemination [ 7 ]. (springer.com)
  • Consequently, the primary goal of this study was to characterize the effects of nickel nanoparticles on the lung in both sexes and genotypes of mice from the hTLR-4 colony to help elucidate its potential utility for future studies of nickel 's health effects. (cdc.gov)
  • Mice were euthanized 1, 7, 14, or 28 d post-exposure and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed to evaluate cellular constituents and biochemical indices of inflammation. (cdc.gov)
  • Female mice were generally more susceptible to nickel -induced airway inflammation than males, and the greatest maximal responses for most markers of interest in the study were observed in hTLR-4 positive females. (cdc.gov)
  • An integrated service that quickly and economically generates genetically modified mice for the research community. (garvan.org.au)
  • We produced a fresh state-of-the-art mouse stress harboring the individual EGFRT790M/L858R oncogene and MET overexpression (EGFR/MET stress) that mimics the MET amplification taking place in a single out of five sufferers with EGFR-mutated lung cancers that relapsed after treatment with osimertinib, a third-generation anti-EGFR TKI. (greatlakeshighereducationnow.com)
  • RESULTS Patients with cystic fibrosis of a TGF-β 1 high producer genotype for codon 10 had more rapid deterioration in lung function than those with a TGF-β 1 low producer genotype. (bmj.com)
  • Level I phenotypic analysis is performed on mice from this generation. (mmrrc.org)
  • huRBC-reconstituted immunodeficient mice received infectious challenge with attenuated P. falciparum C9 parasite mutants (C9-M), complemented (C9-C), and wild type (NF54) progenitors to study the role of immune effectors in the clearance of the parasite from mouse circulation. (frontiersin.org)
  • Mice lacking the CYP1A2 metabolic enzyme and wild type control mice were exposed to BaP from gestational day 10 (GD10) through weaning at postnatal day 25 (P25). (nku.edu)
  • while genotype C wild-type variant suppressed PPARG and induced accumulation of CTNNB1. (edu.hk)
  • Retinal ganglion cell death was induced by acute optic nerve crush in wild-type and Sigmar1 −/− mice. (molvis.org)
  • Our data indicated faster retinal ganglion cell death in Sigmar1 −/− than in wild-type mice under the stresses caused by optic nerve crush, providing direct evidence for a role of the σR1 in alleviating retinal degeneration. (molvis.org)
  • Moreover, after a 16-week duration of diabetes, Pggt1b Δ / Δ mice exhibited lower α -smooth muscle actin ( α -SMA) and nitrotyrosine level, Rac1 activity, p47phox and NOXO1 expression, and phospho-ERK1/2 and phosphor-JNK content than wild-type mice. (hindawi.com)
  • Recently, the i n vitro activities of lipase, UGT, ADH and ALDH for DEHP metabolism in several organs were measured and compared among mice, rats and marmosets (Ito et al. (who.int)
  • while genotype C induced tumor progression predominantly via PPARG/CTNNB1 signalling cascade. (edu.hk)
  • reported that GGTase-I deficiency in mouse macrophages slowed down the progression of atherosclerosis [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The B6xD2.F(1) hybrid mice (Ahl/Ahl) are more susceptible to NIHL than the CBxB6.F(1) mice (+/Ahl) [Erway et al. (cdc.gov)
  • This study in Iraq used in situ hybridization to detect the frequency and genotyping of HPV in tissue specimens from 129 patients diagnosed with malignant breast cancer, 24 with benign breast tumours and 20 healthy controls. (who.int)
  • In the breast cancer group, cocktail HPV genotypes were detected in 60 (46.5%) archived tissue blocks. (who.int)
  • This video and worksheet use real rock pocket mouse data collected by Dr. Michael Nachman and his colleagues to illustrate the Hardy-Weinberg principle. (berkeley.edu)