• MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous short non-coding RNA molecules that can post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression and play a critical role in gonadal differentiation as well as early development of animals. (peerj.com)
  • In conclusion, this work is the first report of sex-biased miRNAs expression in the budgerigar, and provides additional sequences to the avian miRNAome database which will foster further functional genomic research. (peerj.com)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are all non-coding RNAs that play vital role in post-transcriptional regulation of various animals and plants ( Bartel, 2009 ). (peerj.com)
  • Unlike miRNAs whose central function is to restrain mRNA translation by inducing degradation, lncRNAs can act as numerous roles to exert their functions by directly or indirectly interacting with DNA, RNA or protein, even can encode some short peptides (Fig. 3 a-d) [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • microRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulatory molecules in cellular processes including cell differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This systematic review aims to provide a panel of miRNAs that regulate the differentiation of hDP-MSCs including hDPSCs and SHEDs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The findings of this systematic review support the potential application of the specific miRNAs to regulate the directed differentiation of hDP-MSCs in the field of regenerative therapies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that function as guide molecules in RNA silencing. (gene-quantification.com)
  • Increasing evidence suggests a new mechanism by which miRNAs may regulate target gene expression by binding in promoter and amino acid coding regions. (gene-quantification.com)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short RNA molecules that can bind to target messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and inhibit their translation or promote their degradation, leading to gene silencing. (scitechnol.com)
  • Small non-protein-coding RNA molecules, composed of around 22 nucleotides, are commonly named as miRNAs ( 1 - 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Among of these genes, miR-124 caught our attention in view of the finding that large number of microRNAs(MiRNAs) have been shown important roles in the development of different cancers [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Colorectal cancer Core tip: MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a key class of gene ex-pression regulators, have emerged as crucial players in various biological processes such as cellular prolifera-tion and differentiaprolifera-tion, development and apoptosis. (123dok.net)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are evolutionarily conserved regulators of mammalian gene expression in development, immunity and pathophysiologic processes during inflammation and infection, including Chlamydia infection. (cdc.gov)
  • Among the miRNAs involved in regulating host responses and pathologic outcome of Chlamydia infection, we have shown that miR-378b was significantly differentially expressed during primary infection and reinfection. (cdc.gov)
  • MicroRNAs function to regulate the expression levels of other genes by several mechanisms. (wikipedia.org)
  • Long non-coding RNA small nucleolar RNA host genes (SNHGs) play a critical role in the occurrence and development of tumors. (xiahepublishing.com)
  • For example, single cell analysis allows for the direct measurement of gene expression kinetics, or for the unambiguous identification of co-regulated genes, even in the presence of de-synchronization and heterogeneity that could obscure population-averaged measurements. (justia.com)
  • Genomic analysis identified 250 protein-coding genes located near (≤ 10 kb) 194 of the loci encoding testis-specific lincRNAs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However in recent years with the development of epigenesis, genomic imprinting and the horizontal transferences of the genes, Lamarck's ideas have resurfaced. (intechopen.com)
  • All archaeal and many bacterial genomes contain Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindrome Repeats (CRISPR) and variable arrays of the CRISPR-associated ( cas ) genes that have been previously implicated in a novel form of DNA repair on the basis of comparative analysis of their protein product sequences. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Comparative-genomic analysis of CRISPR and cas genes leads to the hypothesis that the CRISPR-Cas system (CASS) is a mechanism of defense against invading phages and plasmids that functions analogously to the eukaryotic RNA interference (RNAi) systems. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Synthetic antisense RNAs are used to effect the functioning of specific genes for investigative or therapeutic purposes. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • For some of the genomic regions that are deleted in some neuroblastomas, on 1p, 3p and 11q, candidate tumor suppressor genes have been identified. (biomedcentral.com)
  • During the first hours of an embryo's development, specialized molecules called pioneer transcription factors unravel parts of its DNA to activate the encoded genes. (phys.org)
  • A new study led by University of Maryland physicists sheds light on the cellular processes that regulate genes. (phys.org)
  • Due to the complicated nature of the transcriptome, which comprises variable length transcripts and numerous alternatively spliced isoforms for most genes, as well as the high sequence similarity of highly abundant species of RNA, such as rRNAs, these kinds of analyses are difficult with standard short sequencing methods. (cd-genomics.com)
  • circRNA-seq uncovers the molecular importance of regulating gene expression, including (1) profiling known and novel circRNAs and prediction of targeting genes, (2) categorization of biomarkers for cancer or disease diagnostics and classification, (3) discovery of regulatory networks between ncRNA and miRNA, and (4) understanding tissue or organism development mechanisms based on transcript profiles. (cd-genomics.com)
  • They can modulate various biochemical and physiological processes, including plant response and resistance to fungal pathogens, by regulating the expression of numerous genes. (researchsquare.com)
  • In participating UK research institutions, investigators can publish open access in Genome Research, Genes & Development, RNA, and Learning & Memory without article publication charges and all staff can read the entire renowned Cold Spring Harbor journal collection. (cshlpress.com)
  • By studying genes, proteins, and other molecules within cells, biologists can identify genetic mutations responsible for inherited disorders. (freescience.info)
  • Here, we integrated isoform sequencing (iso-seq), Illumina short-reads sequencing and whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) to explore the early changes of transcriptomic and DNA methylation in pineapple following high-concentration ethylene (HE) and low-concentration ethylene (LE) treatment. (nature.com)
  • Instead, epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA molecules, influence the accessibility of specific genomic regions to transcriptional machinery. (scitechnol.com)
  • In addition to DNA methylation and histone modifications, noncoding RNAs have emerged as crucial epigenetic regulators in cell fate determination. (scitechnol.com)
  • In plants, 5mC DNA methylation is an important and conserved epistatic mark involving genomic stability, gene transcriptional regulation, developmental regulation, abiotic stress response, metabolite synthesis, etc. (phys.org)
  • 129 genomic copies/L for CpG methylation capture with MDA. (cdc.gov)
  • Specific functional analogies are drawn between several components of CASS and proteins involved in eukaryotic RNAi, including the double-stranded RNA-specific helicase-nuclease (dicer), the endonuclease cleaving target mRNAs (slicer), and the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A microRNA is a small non-coding RNA molecule, which functions in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression by partially complementing with the 3′-untranslated regions (3'UTR) of specific mRNAs [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • In this review, we address the intertwined relationship of these two key molecules by fighting each other as eternal rivals in many signaling pathways. (oncotarget.com)
  • In this review, we focus on the impact of ncRNA post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms, especially those of microRNAs and lncRNAs, in RA signalling pathways during differentiation and disease. (mdpi.com)
  • Their expression in tumour cells is modulated by a complex interplay of genomic, transcriptomic and post translational factors involving multiple intracellular antigen processing pathways. (portlandpress.com)
  • to other RNAs may initiate epige- cleus pathways. (who.int)
  • Gene Ontology and pathway enrichment analyses and assessment of RNA binding proteins were performed by R software, circlncRNAnet and Encyclopedia of RNA Interactomes (ENCORI). (xiahepublishing.com)
  • MicroRNAs display exquisite stability in serum or plasma because they are packaged in membrane-encapsulated vesicles or protected by RNA-binding proteins. (gene-quantification.com)
  • Short-lived proteins control gene expression in cells to carry out a number of vital tasks, from helping the brain form connections to helping the body mount an immune defense. (phys.org)
  • By investigating nucleic acids like DNA and RNA, as well as proteins and other biomolecules, scientists gain insights into gene expression, protein synthesis, gene transfer, and more. (freescience.info)
  • The mutant proteins often retain some of their capabilities but are no longer sensitive to the controls that regulate the normal form of the protein. (cancerquest.org)
  • Given the limitations of serum creatinine as a biomarker of kidney function, different urinary and serum proteins, molecules, and, most recently, microRNAs have been rigorously investigated over the past decade as possible biomarkers for kidney disease. (medscape.com)
  • The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database has accumulated abundant genomic and gene expression profiles for different diseases in the past decade. (xiahepublishing.com)
  • Some regions of the genome encode non-protein-coding RNA like transfer RNAs, the RNA components of ribosomes, microRNAs and small interfering RNAs that regulate translation. (cilecenter.org)
  • Long and Short Interspersed Elements (LINES and SINES) account for 21% and 13% of the genome, respectively. (cilecenter.org)
  • Base editing is a genome editing technique that directly generates precise point mutations into DNA or RNA in living cells. (frontlinegenomics.com)
  • Approximately just 2% of the genome is transcribed into protein-coding RNAs [ 1 ], so the majority of transcripts are noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), that can be categorized according to their structural properties and length [ 2 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • Selective Whole-Genome Amplification as a Tool to Enrich Specimens with Low Treponema pallidum Genomic DNA Copies for Whole-Genome Sequencing. (cdc.gov)
  • ing of microRNAs to the genome or inside the cel via membrane-to-nu- 2011 ). (who.int)
  • Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of endogenous, non-protein coding RNAs that are highly linked to various cellular functions and pathological process. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Recent studies have discovered that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are novel regulatory molecules that play important roles in various biological processes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • LncRNAs are arbitrarily defined as noncoding RNAs longer than 200 nucleotides. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mechanism of lncRNAs/circRNAs regulating cancer biological activities. (cd-genomics.com)
  • Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), participate in cellular transformation. (oncotarget.com)
  • Spermatogenesis, which is the complex and highly regulated process of producing haploid spermatozoa, involves testis-specific transcripts. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Micro-RNAs are short RNA transcripts that demonstrate specific regulatory capabilities depending on the cell's physiology as well as micro-environment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Samples are digested by RNase R to eliminate linear transcripts after ribosomal RNA (rRNA) depletion. (cd-genomics.com)
  • Herein, we wondered whether circular RNAs (circRNAs), a type of RNA transcripts lacking 5′-3′ ends and forming closed loops that are gaining relevance in cancer biology, are also a target of epigenetic inactivation in tumors. (oncotarget.com)
  • Existing methods for measuring transcript levels in single cells include RT-qPCR (1), single molecule counting using digital PCR (2) or hybridization probes (3, 4), and next generation sequencing (5). (justia.com)
  • NGS technologies include high-throughput, low-cost short-read RNA-Seq, as well as emerging single-molecule, long-read RNA-Seq technologies, which have opened new avenues for studying the transcriptome and its function. (cd-genomics.com)
  • Transcriptomic studies are progressively using single-molecule long-read technologies. (cd-genomics.com)
  • Nevertheless, a lack of knowledge relating to the mechanisms regulating their differentiation has limited their clinical application. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The process of cell fate determination is tightly regulated by intricate molecular networks, with epigenetic mechanisms playing a central role in orchestrating gene expression patterns that drive cellular differentiation. (scitechnol.com)
  • To achieve the best effectiveness of the defence response, all defence mechanisms must be well regulated. (researchsquare.com)
  • Welcome to the fascinating world of molecular biology , where biologists study the intricate molecular mechanisms of biological molecules that determine our traits through genomics and mendelian genetics. (freescience.info)
  • Recent advances in understanding the role that epigenetics plays in cancer pathogenesis and understanding the mechanisms through which these processes regulate gene expression have stimulated considerable interest in developing clinically viable antineoplastic agents that target enzymatic components of transcriptional regulatory complexes responsible for the establishment of pathologic epigenetic modifications that lead to deregulated gene expression in cancer. (aacrjournals.org)
  • MicroRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and circular RNAs: potential tumor biomarkers and targets for colorectal cancer. (cd-genomics.com)
  • In molecular biology mir-186 microRNA is a short RNA molecule. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, under CV risks or disorders when the accumulation of ROS exceeds the buffering capacity of antioxidant enzymes, oxidative stress and molecular damage occur, leading to early apoptotic death and genomic alteration in ECs [ 16 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • However, further research is needed to understand the molecular mechanism regulating the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth of pineapple during forcing flowering. (nature.com)
  • Various factors contribute to the development of CAD including lifestyle, hypertension, diabetes as well as genomic and molecular causes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Molecular biology , a field studied by biologists, focuses on the study of biological molecules and their interactions at the molecular level. (freescience.info)
  • A field of science that combines biology, computer science and statistics to analyse and interpret biological data, particularly genomic and molecular data. (frontlinegenomics.com)
  • Long-read sequencing is a valuable tool for capturing the complexity of structural variation at the genomic and transcriptomic levels, and its adoption is expected to grow as costs fall. (cd-genomics.com)
  • Originally identified as moderate biological modifiers, microRNAs have recently emerged as powerful regulators of diverse cellular processes with especially important roles in disease and tissue remodeling. (gene-quantification.com)
  • MicroRNAs, a key class of gene expression regulators, have emerged as crucial players in various biological processes such as cellular proliferation and differentia-tion, development and apoptosis. (123dok.net)
  • Endothelial cells (ECs) also secrete a wide range of cytokines and growth factors that regulate various physiological activities in autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine manners. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • MicroRNAs also survive in unfavorable physiological conditions, such as repeated freeze-thawing, and long-term storage at room temperature. (gene-quantification.com)
  • The various biochemical, physiological, and genomic factors that can influence BBB permeability in ALS and other neurodegenerative diseases are also discussed, in addition to novel therapeutic strategies centred upon the BBB. (hindawi.com)
  • Although historically the term often referred to a physical trait or physiological metric, it now typically refers to products of genomic, metabolomic, and proteomic research. (medscape.com)
  • The discovery of the elaborate and versatile systems of RNA silencing in eukaryotes is one of the pivotal advances in biology of the last decade [ 1 - 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In eukaryotes, genomic DNA, which is a very long double helix containing all the genetic information, wraps around a globular protein called a histone and folds it many times before being contained within the nucleus. (phys.org)
  • Functional enrichment analysis revealed SNHG4 involvement with regulation of ribosomal RNA synthesis and the RNA processing and surveillance pathway. (xiahepublishing.com)
  • Micro-RNAs are 18-22 nucleotide non-coding RNAs that can bind to the mRNA, mediating translational repression either by inhibiting the binding to either 60 s or 40 s ribosomal subunits or by activation of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC complex). (biomedcentral.com)
  • For target transcript enrichment, ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is exhausted. (cd-genomics.com)
  • Because alternative RNA splicing allows different types of mRNA molecules to be created from a single gene, it generates the diversity of protein function and structure that is essential to complex organisms. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • RNA-like oligonucleotides that are complementary to a portion of a target mRNA molecule. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • More specifically, antisense oligonucleotides that are useful as reagents for target validation , or as drugs, are engineered molecules that differ from natural RNA but that have a base sequence that is recognized as being complementary to a very specific mRNA sequence. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • A complementary RNA sequence that binds to a naturally occurring (sense) mRNA molecule, thus blocking its translation. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • Although some circRNAs regulate the linear transcript, we did not observe changes in TUSC3 mRNA levels upon TUSC3 circ104557 overexpression. (oncotarget.com)
  • Thus, many of the basic functionalities for microfluidic single cell gene expression analysis have been demonstrated in isolation, including cell manipulation and trapping (9, 10), RNA purification and cDNA synthesis (11-13), and microfluidic qPCR (14) following off-chip cell isolation cDNA synthesis and preamplification. (justia.com)
  • After second- strand cDNA synthesis, T7 RNA polymerase was used to generate aRNA. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • Evidence suggests that the microRNAs are involved in tumorigenesis and progression of various types of malignant tumors. (bvsalud.org)
  • Extensive studies have investigated the therapeutic potential of various antioxidant therapies in ECs [ 6 ] , with recent studies turning to the investigation of microRNAs (miRNA). (encyclopedia.pub)
  • In the current study, we sequenced two small non-coding RNA libraries made from the gonads of adult male and female budgerigars using Illumina paired-end sequencing technology. (peerj.com)
  • many studies have shown that small RNA molecules called microRNAs circulate in the blood in cell-free mode. (gene-quantification.com)
  • There are two major, distinct forms of regulatory small RNAs involved in eukaryotic gene silencing: small interfering (si) RNAs and micro (mi) RNAs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The BBB separates the blood from the extracellular cerebrospinal fluid and protects the brain from bloodborne pathogens and toxins while allowing the diffusion of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and small lipophilic molecules/ethanol [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • TRIM13 inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis by regulating NF-κB pathway in non-small-cell lung carcinoma cells. (cancerindex.org)
  • 87(5): 1663-1667] Specifically, the investigators started by priming whole cerebellar RNA with a synthetic oligonucleotide containing a T7 RNA polymerase promoter sequence. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • TME consists of cell component, the extracellular matrix (ECM) and abundant soluble signaling molecules. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Signal transduction and perception regulates biological activities to adapt to changing environments. (phys.org)
  • siRNAs are produced from double-stranded RNAs of viruses and transposable elements, which are processed by the dicer nuclease, one of the essential components of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complexes (RISCs) [ 7 - 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The rapid pace of studies on microRNA regulation and function necessitates the development of suitable techniques for measuring and modulating microRNAs in different model systems. (gene-quantification.com)
  • On the other hand, we clarified the upstream mechanism regulating miR-124-3p expression in ESCC, which involves in the hypermethylation-silencing regulation mediated by DNA methyltransferase 1(DNMT1), which is of high expression in ESCC tissues and cell lines in the present study. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In it, two strands, composed of sugar (deoxyribose) and phosphate molecules, are connected by pairs of four molecules called bases, which form the steps of the staircase. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A gene, the basic unit of heredity, is a segment of DNA containing all the information necessary to synthesize a polypeptide (protein) or a functional RNA molecule. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Dicer cleaves long dsRNA molecules into short, 21-22 nucleotide duplexes which are subsequently unwound by the RISC to yield mature siRNAs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These developed HT-NGS strategies addressed our anticipated future needs of throughput sequncing and cost, in a way which enabled its potential multitude of current and future applications in mammalian genomic research. (springer.com)
  • Our data provided a landscape of the transcriptome and DNA methylome and revealed a candidate network that regulates flowering time in pineapple, which may promote further studies. (nature.com)
  • Long-read sequencing technologies are becoming more popular for transcriptome characterization due to recent improvements in throughput and cost, making them appealing for de novo transcriptome assembly, isoform expression quantification, and in-depth RNA species analysis. (cd-genomics.com)
  • Transcriptome assembly from long-read RNA-seq alignments with StringTie2. (cd-genomics.com)
  • Spermatogenesis is the complex and tightly regulated differentiation process through which haploid spermatozoa are produced in the seminiferous tubules of the testis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our study thus clarifies a new mechanism that DNMT1/miR-124/BCAT1 axis regulates the development and progression of ESCC. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Gene expression, Kaplan-Meier survival, microRNA and transcription factor target analyses were performed with the University of Alabama Cancer (UALCAN) Database, Kaplan-Meier Plotter, LinkedOmics, WebGestalt and gene set enrichment analysis, respectively. (xiahepublishing.com)
  • The DNA molecule is a long, coiled double helix that resembles a spiral staircase. (msdmanuals.com)
  • These findings prompted us to investigate the role of DNMT/miR-124/BCAT1 axis in regulating development and progression of ESCC. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A measurable biological characteristic or molecule that indicates the presence, progression or response to a disease or medical condition. (frontlinegenomics.com)
  • RNA which contains an intron sequence that has an enzyme- like catalytic activity. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • CRISPR stands for clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and Cas9 stands for CRISPR-associated protein 9. (frontlinegenomics.com)
  • In this review, we discuss our current understanding of microRNAs with a focus on their role and mode of action in regulating the immune system during inflammation and carcinogenesis. (123dok.net)
  • Until recently, it was unknown how sexual differences in the behavior, physiology, and development of organisms are regulated by differential gene expression. (peerj.com)