• For example, a DNA methyltransferase gene in the wheat pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici (synonym Mycosphaerella graminicola ) was amplified to tens of copies, all of which were inactivated by Repeat-Induced Point mutation (RIP) including the original, resulting in loss of cytosine methylation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We also developed eRNA prediction models using joint gene expressions, DNA methylation, and histone modification. (bvsalud.org)
  • 2021) The histone variant H2A.W and linker histone H1 co-regulate heterochromatin accessibility and DNA methylation. (oeaw.ac.at)
  • Previous research has shown that DNA methylation can drive speciation and modulate virulence in bacteria, but the impact of epigenetic modifications on the diversification and pathogenesis of R. solanacearum is unknown. (pacb.com)
  • Our analysis identified a novel methylation motif associated with a DNA methylase that is conserved in all complete Ralstonia spp. (pacb.com)
  • When present, high levels of DNA cytosine methylation are found in H3K9me3-enriched regions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Current ageing theories are assigned to the damage concept, whereby the accumulation of damage (such as DNA oxidation) may cause biological systems to fail, or to the programmed ageing concept, whereby the internal processes (epigenetic maintenance such Republican National Committee as DNA methylation)[7][8] inherently may cause ageing. (stevechase.org)
  • Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein DNA processing enzyme complex that produces telomeres. (scholarsresearchlibrary.com)
  • Due to a decrease in telomerase activity, telomeres become short and potentially delete viable genes. (scholarsresearchlibrary.com)
  • He serves on Editorial Boards of 1) Science Advances, 2) Molecular and Cellular Biology (American Society for Microbiology), 3) Biochemical Journal (Portland Press) 4) Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology (Elsevier Press), 5) BMC Research Notes (Biomed Central) and 6) Telomeres and Telomerase. (a-star.edu.sg)
  • The shelterin complex protects telomeres from being processed by the DNA damage repair machinery, and also regulates telomerase access and activity at telomeres. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • The only shelterin subunit known to promote telomerase function is TPP1, which mediates telomerase recruitment to telomeres and stimulates telomerase processivity. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • In this study, we have identified TIN2-R282H, the most common DC-causing mutation in shelterin subunit TIN2, as a separation-of-function mutant which impairs telomerase recruitment to telomeres, but not chromosome end protection. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • The telomerase recruitment defect conferred by TIN2-R282H is likely through a mechanism independent of TIN2's role in anchoring TPP1 at telomeres, since TPP1 localization to telomeres is unaffected by the mutation. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • Increasing evidence suggests that the shelterin complex also regulates access of telomerase to telomeres and hence telomerase action on them. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • This interaction is crucial for recruiting telomerase to telomeres, as assessed by co-localization of telomerase RNA to telomeres through in situ hybridization analysis [ 19 ]. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • Notably, mutations in the TPP1 OB-fold domain compromise telomerase-dependent telomere extension but not telomere end protection [ 18 , 21 ], indicating that TPP1 performs a role in telomerase regulation which is distinct from its contribution to chromosome end protection. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • Depletion of TIN2, which associates with TPP1, leads to reduced levels of TPP1-mediated telomerase association to telomeres [ 19 ], although this result might simply reflect an indirect function for TIN2 as a regulator of telomerase recruitment through anchoring TPP1 at telomeres. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • Intriguingly, an N-terminally truncated form of TIN2 lacking the TPP1 interaction domain can still induce significant telomerase-dependent telomere extension [ 8 , 22 ], suggestive of a TPP1-independent role for TIN2 in telomerase regulation. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • A point mutation is a genetic mutation where a single nucleotide base is changed, inserted or deleted from a DNA or RNA sequence of an organism's genome. (wikipedia.org)
  • In fungal and oomycete plant pathogens, besides modulating genome size (e.g. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our analysis revealed lineage-specific (LS) genomic regions in F. oxysporum that include four entire chromosomes and account for more than one-quarter of the genome. (nature.com)
  • Moreover, as the first gapless genome assembly in the genus Saccharomycopsis including members with desirable traits for bioconversion, the unique genomic features of S. fibuligera and its hybrid will provide in-depth insights into fungal genome dynamics as evolutionary adaptation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Genomic instability is a hallmark of the cancer phenotype, and cancer is considered to be a disease of the cell's disordered genome. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Because of its large 8 Gb genome, the genomic analysis of rye has lagged behind other cereals. (genomevisualization.com)
  • PCR-based markers and cytogenetic analysis with genomic in situ hybridisation were applied to identify alien chromatin in four genetically diverse populations of wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) lines incorporating chromosome segments from Thinopyrum intermedium and Secale cereale (rye). (nature.com)
  • DNA hybridised to the rye 1RS chromatin under high stringency conditions, indicating the presence of shared tandem repeats among the cereals. (nature.com)
  • Cleavage Under Targets & Release Using Nuclease (CUT&RUN) has swiftly become the preferred procedure over the past few years for genomic mapping and detecting interactions between chromatin and its bound proteins. (bvsalud.org)
  • Aspergillus fumigatus is a ubiquitous saprophytic fungus, which has become the most common air-borne fungal pathogen of humans ( Tekaia and Latge, 2005 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • His current research focus is on the study of the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans. (a-star.edu.sg)
  • For his multiple ground breaking discoveries in the study of the virulence factors and basic biology of the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans, Dr Wang was awarded the President's Science Award 2012. (a-star.edu.sg)
  • Since the beginning of the AIDS pandemic about 25 years ago, the fungus Candida albicans, once an almost harmless commensal of human body, has rapidly become the most prevalent fungal pathogen. (a-star.edu.sg)
  • Prior to the first meiotic division, homologous chromosomes pair, synapse, and recombine to ensure their proper disjunction at anaphase I. Additionally, telomeres tethered at the nuclear envelope cluster in the bouquet configuration where they are subjected to dramatic pulling forces acting from outside of the nucleus. (biorxiv.org)
  • A . Schematic of the bouquet configuration of chromosomes during meiotic prophase I. The spatial arrangement of chromosomes with telomeres clustered and attached at the inner nuclear membrane is shown. (biorxiv.org)
  • An essential ribonucleoprotein reverse transcriptase that adds telomeric DNA to the ends of eukaryotic CHROMOSOMES. (lookformedical.com)
  • Reactive oxygen molecules with free radicals, which are a byproduct of cellular metabolism, can also be very harmful to DNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • Loss of telomeres typically triggers cellular apoptosis in the process referred to as telomeric crisis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Adusumilli PS, Chan MK, Hezel M, Yu Z, Stiles BM, Chou TC, Rusch VW, Fong Y. Radiation-induced cellular DNA damage repair response enhances viral gene therapy efficacy in the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma. (famri.org)
  • Various cellular mechanism are involved in repairing, extending, and recapping the telomere ends. (lookformedical.com)
  • As mono or diiron center as well as incorporated into heme or iron-sulfur clusters, this metal is an indispensable cofactor for a variety of cellular processes including electron transport, amino acid metabolism, and biosynthesis of DNA and sterols. (frontiersin.org)
  • The REU student will aid in elucidating plant immune signaling networks using genetic, genomic, cellular, and biochemical approaches. (tamu.edu)
  • Previous analyses revealed that TE-mediated gene amplifications can have variable effects on fungal genomes, from inactivation of function to production of multiple active copies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These analyses identified a housekeeping gene, histone H3, which was captured and amplified to hundreds of copies by a hAT DNA transposon, all of which were inactivated by RIP, except for the original. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Patients with the X-linked form have mutations in DKC1 at band Xq28, a gene that encodes for dyskenin, in a protein involved in the telomere maintenance pathway. (medscape.com)
  • The compact architecture of heterochromatin limits the accessibility of the transcription machinery to the embedded DNA, thereby silencing gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Evolutionary loss and gain of introns in genomic sequence data may provide a mechanism by which organisms diversify gene expression and gene function. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The multi-subunit shelterin complexes bind along mammalian telomeres, shielding the natural chromosome ends from engaging the DNA damage signaling and repair machinery [ 1 ]. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • These reactants can lead to both single-stranded DNA breaks and double-stranded DNA breaks. (wikipedia.org)
  • The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases. (lookformedical.com)
  • Among the shelterin components, TRF1 and TRF2 bind directly to duplex telomeric repeats [ 2 ], while POT1 binds to the single-stranded regions of telomeres [ 3 ]. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • Depletion of TPP1 or POT1 results in the deregulation of the single-stranded telomeric terminal overhang and the induction of a DNA damage response at telomeres [ 5 - 7 ]. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • This product protects our body from critical hallmarks of ageing such as genomic instability and mitochondrial dysfunction due to the presence of essential ingredients like NMN, Pterostilbene and CoQ10 (natural antioxidant) that aids metabolism, protects cells from damage, and slows the ageing process. (decodeage.com)
  • Because of its involvement in immune system responses, tissue repair, and the prevention of oxidative stress and damage this product is known to fight major hallmarks of ageing termed as Deregulated Nutrient Sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction as well as genomic instability. (decodeage.com)
  • There are several ingredients in this longevity product that are involved in our bodies in vital processes such as DNA maintenance, energy pathways that help against mitochondrial dysfunction as well as genomic instability. (decodeage.com)
  • Senescent hepatocytes lose the telomeric repeats that protect chromosomal ends from inter- and intra-chromosomal fusion, deletion, rearrangement, and transposition events that contribute to genomic instability. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our findings support a conserved function of the PRC2 complex in fungal development. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here, we find that ubiquitination of FANCD2 acts to increase ID2's affinity for double-stranded DNA via promoting a large-scale conformational change in the complex. (cdna-clone.com)
  • The resulting complex encircles DNA, by forming a secondary "Arm" ID2 interface. (cdna-clone.com)
  • In effect, both of these post-translational modifications function to stabilize a conformation in which the ID2 complex encircles DNA. (cdna-clone.com)
  • Depletion of TIN2 causes profound telomere deprotection phenotypes including destabilization of the shelterin complex, activation of telomeric DNA damage signaling, and increased apoptosis [ 9 , 11 - 14 ]. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • It is used to treat a wide range of conditions, including renal disease, intestinal problems, cataracts, microbial diseases, bone mass problems and recurring fungal infections. (decodeage.com)
  • Clinically diagnosed by the mucocutaneous abnormalities, DC patients are prone to developing bone marrow failure, multiple types of cancers and a spectrum of diseases collectively characterized as "telomere syndromes" [ 24 ]. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • Comparative analyses revealed that a similar event occurred in five additional genomes representing the fungal genera Cercospora , Pseudocercospora and Sphaerulina . (biomedcentral.com)
  • utilizes a combination of high-resolution comparative genomic hybridization, short hairpin RNA inhibition of target genes at the locations of focal genomic deletions, and a primed cell mosaic mouse model to identify novel tumor suppressors in hepatocellular carcinoma. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Balusu R, Jaiswal AS, Armas ML, Kundu CN, Bloom LB, Narayan S. Structure/function analysis of the interaction of adenomatous polyposis coli with DNA polymerase beta and its implications for base excision repair. (famri.org)
  • A non-template-directed DNA polymerase normally found in vertebrate thymus and bone marrow. (lookformedical.com)
  • Repeat-rich genomic regions enriched in H3K9me3 are referred to as 'constitutive' heterochromatin because the subsequent silencing may be constant across development [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Genomic studies on fungal species with hydrolytic activity have gained increased attention due to their great biotechnological potential for biomass-based biofuel production. (biomedcentral.com)
  • TE-rich genomic islands in expanded fungal ( P. fijiensis , L. maculans ) and oomycete ( Phytophthora infestans ) genomes carry genes that code for lineage-specific, putative small, secreted proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These genes collaborate in a complicated pathway (FA pathway) that is responsible for the repair of DNA damage. (medscape.com)
  • RT-mediated loss occurs when a cDNA recombines with its genomic copy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Nup2 is a nonessential nucleoporin that functions in nuclear transport, boundary activity, and telomere silencing in mitotically dividing cells. (biorxiv.org)
  • Polyploidy plants induced by colchicine in vitro result in an increase in DNA content and affect epidermal surface cells [ 11 ]. (scholarsresearchlibrary.com)
  • The major risk factors for development of HCC include chronic hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C virus infection, high dietary exposure to fungal aflatoxins, and other disorders causing cirrhosis, such as hereditary hemochromatosis, α 1 -antityripsin deficiency, primary biliary cirrhosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and alcoholic cirrhosis [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • during pachytene, telomeres disperse, yet remain attached to the nuclear envelope and are subject to actin-dependent pulling forces ( Z ickler and K leckner 1998 ). (biorxiv.org)
  • Mutagens can be physical, such as radiation from UV rays, X-rays or extreme heat, or chemical (molecules that misplace base pairs or disrupt the helical shape of DNA). (wikipedia.org)
  • DC is an inherited disorder caused by abnormally short telomeres [ 23 ]. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • These findings put the evolution of fungal pathogenicity into a new perspective. (nature.com)
  • There are various substances in this longevity product such as L-Taurine, Bee Pollen, Fenugreek extract, Ashwagandha, Folic Acid, Inositol and NMN, a naturally occurring source of NAD+ that aids our bodies in vital functions such as DNA upkeep. (decodeage.com)
  • Third, bonds in DNA eventually degrade, which creates another problem to keep the integrity of DNA to a high standard. (wikipedia.org)