• H. influenzae , like many other pathogens, is naturally competent, able to actively transport environmental DNA through its cell membranes and incorporate homologous molecules into its chromosomes. (drexel.edu)
  • recombinational DNA repair (promoted during meiosis because homologous chromosomes pair at that time) and complementation (also known as heterosis , hybrid vigor or masking of mutations). (wikizero.com)
  • High levels of recombination could confound studies of the gonococcal populations, especially if the studies are based on few genetic loci within strains as compared to the entire genomes. (peerj.com)
  • Comparing transformation efficiency of wildtype (R1501), drpA - (R2018) and dprA-gfp (R3728) strains. (elifesciences.org)
  • Comparing the competence profiles of wildtype (R1502), drpA - (R2018) and dprA-gfp (R3743) strains after CSP addition (100 ng mL −1 , t = 40 min). (elifesciences.org)
  • These strains with genome reductions ranging in size from 581.9 to 814.4 kb displayed markedly decreased growth rates, sporulation ratios, transformation efficiencies and maintenance coefficients, as well as increased cell yields. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 10% transformation frequency), which reside in genes undergoing strong diversifying selection that encode large membrane proteins, likely as an immune invasion tactic. (drexel.edu)
  • 2. Can natural transformation be exploited to map pathogenesis genes? (drexel.edu)
  • We have developed a novel method for mapping genes in bacteria, exploiting natural transformation in combination with genome-wide deep sequencing. (drexel.edu)
  • We are applying a variety of genomic methods to identifying putative virulence genes, including machine learning and phylogenetic correlated evolution methods. (drexel.edu)
  • Various approaches to avoid or eliminate undesirable transgenes, most notably selectable marker genes used in plant transformation, have recently been developed. (bioone.org)
  • These approaches include cotransformation with two independent T-DNAs or plasmid DNAs followed by their subsequent segregation, transposon-mediated DNA elimination, and most recently, attempts to replace bacterial T-DNA borders and selectable marker genes with functional equivalents of plant origin. (bioone.org)
  • In both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, 'competence' for DNA uptake requires the coordinated action of rough-ly two dozen genes ( including some with regulatory func-tions ) organized within several operons. (asmblog.org)
  • The picture is si-milar in Vibrio - 'similar' refers to a great deal of protein homology among the numerous components in various species, despite vastly different regulatory circuits - for which the present model for competence involves 19+ genes, and, as core components: 1. (asmblog.org)
  • Natural genetic transformation is a sexual process involving DNA transfer from one bacterial cell to another through the intervening medium, and the integration of the donor sequence into the recipient genome by homologous recombination. (wikipedia.org)
  • This pathway, called "natural transformation," is a major mechanism of gene transfer across bacteria and has a profound effect on genome evolution, including spreading antibiotic resistances and other virulence determinants. (drexel.edu)
  • 1. What factors control transformation frequency across the genome? (drexel.edu)
  • We have generated high-resolution genome-wide maps of transformation, finding massive variation in rates at different chromosomal loci. (drexel.edu)
  • While transformation procedures have become routine for a growing number of plant species, the random introduction of complex transgenenic DNA into the plant genome by current methods generates unpredictable effects on both transgene and homologous native gene expression. (bioone.org)
  • The use of site-specific recombination to remove undesired DNA from the plant genome and concomitantly, via excision-mediated DNA rearrangement, switch-activate by choice transgenes of agronomical, food or feed quality traits provides a versatile "transgene maintenance and control" strategy that can significantly contribute to the transfer of transgenic laboratory developments into farming practice. (bioone.org)
  • The mammalian genome comprises nuclear DNA (nDNA) derived from both parents and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) that is maternally inherited and encodes essential proteins required for oxidative phosphorylation. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • S. sanguinis is naturally competent for genetic transformation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Using genomics to investigate the mechanism, consequences and evolution of genetic recombination, especially in pathogenic bacteria. (drexel.edu)
  • A major limitation of crop biotechnology and breeding is the lack of efficient molecular technologies for precise engineering of target genomic loci. (bioone.org)
  • The estimated ratio of recombination to mutation ( r / m = 2.2) from our data set indicates an appreciable level of recombination occurring in the population. (peerj.com)
  • 4) DprA dimers load RecA onto ssDNA to mediate transformation and interact with ComE~P to shut-off competence. (elifesciences.org)
  • 5) Transforming DNA is internalized in single strand form and is protected from degradation by DprA and RecA (6), which then mediate transformation (7). (elifesciences.org)
  • Upon entry into the cytoplasm, the incoming DNA is bound by single-strand binding protein (Ssb), by DprA ( like Ssb an ssDNA-protecting protein ), and by RecA, thus priming it for recombination. (asmblog.org)
  • The approach exploits natural competence to generate complex pools of recombinants between a donor carrying a pathogenesis trait of interest and an avirulent recipient. (drexel.edu)
  • But now, in addition to planning to do one lane of sequencing (= about 300-fold coverage) of two colonies that grew from cells we know were competent because they acquired a selectable marker from the donor DNA, we're going to sequence three random (unselected) colonies. (fieldofscience.com)
  • If some cells are fully competent and the rest not competent at all, we predict that at least one of these three will have not acquired any donor DNA at all, and those that do have donor sequences will have replaced about 2% of their genomes. (fieldofscience.com)
  • If the cells are all at least a bit competent, then the three unselected colonies will all have some donor DNA, but perhaps quite different amounts. (fieldofscience.com)
  • Oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA has been implicated in human degenerative diseases, tumorigenesis and aging. (cea.fr)
  • Integration of smRNA and mRNA expression profiling identified a variety of processes that could be under microRNA control, e.g. protein modification, signaling, gene expression, and response to DNA damage. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As simple as it sounds, 'DNA uptake' is mechanistically as complex as conjugation or phage transduction. (asmblog.org)
  • Although Bacteria and Archaea (prokaryotes) have processes that can transfer DNA from one cell to another ( conjugation , transformation , and transduction [6] ), these processes are not evolutionarily related to sexual reproduction in Eukaryotes. (wikizero.com)
  • Host parasite interaction: Recognition and entry processes of different pathogens like bacteria, viruses into animal and plant host cells, alteration of host cell behavior by pathogens, virus-induced cell transformation, pathogen-induced diseases in animals and plants, cell-cell fusion in both normal and abnormal cells. (pathfinderacademy.in)
  • Watch me fumbling my way towards understanding how and why bacteria take up DNA, and getting distracted by other cool questions. (fieldofscience.com)
  • Put simply (so you won't have to go back and read that post), when we induce competence in a H. influenzae culture we often want to know whether all or only some of the cells are competent, and whether all of the competent cells are equally competent (able to take up similar amounts of DNA). (fieldofscience.com)
  • The differences in competence of cells grown under different conditions, or carrying different mutations, appear to result from differences in the proportion of cells that are competent, not from differences in how much DNA the competent cells take up. (fieldofscience.com)
  • Other classes of natural ribozymes may exist among the many candidate genomic regions identified by bioinformatics, but validation of ribozyme activity is lacking [ 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Consequently, any effort at controlling M. catarrhalis , whether via vaccine or chemotherapeutic intervention, must be rooted in a firm understanding of the core and distributed elements of this species genomic composition. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The risk of transgene transfer into related plant species and consumers is another concern associated with the conventional transformation technologies. (bioone.org)
  • The long-term goal of this research is to apply statistical genomic approaches developed by human geneticists to the identification of bacterial virulence factors that contribute to disease in natural populations. (drexel.edu)
  • We are presently trying to understand what mechanisms regulate the targeting of the DNA glycosylases, in particular OGG1, to the mitochondria and how BER is coordinated in this organelle. (cea.fr)
  • The base excision repair (BER) pathway is the main pathway for the repair of DNA base damage and single strand breaks. (cea.fr)
  • Localisation of BER complexes into euchromatin regions after induction of oxidative DNA damage. (cea.fr)
  • Three hours after the treatment, BER proteins become insoluble and associate to those regions in which DNA (stained with DAPI, blue) is less condensed, corresponding to euchromatin regions. (cea.fr)
  • We have observed that after induction of 8-oxoG in the cellular DNA, OGG1, APE1 and XRCC1 are recruited from a soluble nucleoplasmic fraction to the chromatin, following a kinetics that is in good correlation with the repair rate. (cea.fr)
  • B ) Western blot tracking cellular levels of DprA-GFP after competence induction in strain R3728. (elifesciences.org)
  • C ) Sample fluorescence microscopy images of R3728 strain producing DprA-GFP 15 min after competence induction. (elifesciences.org)
  • dprA - ) fixed 15 min after competence induction and probed using anti-DprA antibodies. (elifesciences.org)
  • Full lines represent competence induction (RLU/OD) and dotted lines represent growth (OD). (elifesciences.org)
  • Sexual reproduction derives from recombination , where parent genotypes are reorganized and shared with the offspring. (wikizero.com)
  • citation needed] The complete genomic sequence of S. sanguinis was determined in 2007 by laboratories at Virginia Commonwealth University. (wikipedia.org)
  • Biochemical fractionation as well as confocal microscopy studies revealed that KBrO3-induced BER foci are completely excluded from heterochromatin rich regions, and are preferentially located in less-condensed DNA areas where active transcription takes place. (cea.fr)
  • Com-EA-mCherry aggrega-tion and foci for-ma--tion after the ad-dition of ex-ternal DNA. (asmblog.org)
  • Mitochondria are stainied with MitoTracker Deep Red (magenta), and the nuclear DNA is visualized by DAPI staining (blue). (cea.fr)
  • After analysing for many years the way that DNA glycosylases, APE1 and XRCC1 initiate the repair of 8-oxoG or abasic sites, our laboratory is now interested in studying the effect on BER proteins of cellular environmental changes such as oxidative stress or the switch from stem cells to differentiation. (cea.fr)
  • Due to its high sensitivity, this technique has widely been used to discover low amounts of pathogen DNA in the environment or in an organism during infection, to monitor its spread as well as to study healthy carriers as pathogen reservoirs [22-24]. (peptidescost.com)
  • Yeast cells were grown for 24 hours in Sabouraud broth medium at 30°C. Genomic DNA was CYT387 concentration extracted using a phenol:chloroform method [27] followed by purification using Chroma SPIN + TE 400 columns according to the manufacturer's instructions (Clontech Laboratories, Becton Dickinson, Madrid, Spain). (pafrinhibitors.com)
  • There's a simple test, based on measuring the frequency of double transformants when cells are given DNA containing two unlinked selectable markers. (fieldofscience.com)
  • This study proposes a comprehensive utilization method of BCFA that combines hydrothermal leaching and alkali regeneration to extract Ga efficiently while producing silica-potassium compound fertilizer (SPCF) and zeolite F. By utilizing the transformation of phase and structure in the hydrothermal leaching process, Ga extraction is efficiently achieved. (bvsalud.org)
  • More recent studies have also suggested high rates of recombination within the Neisseria genus ( Didelot & Maiden, 2010 ). (peerj.com)
  • Base excision repair of modified bases is initiated by lesion-specific DNA glycosylases. (cea.fr)
  • Upon entry into the periplasm, the incoming DNA is tight-ly bound and compacted by ComEA ( so tightly that ComEA overexpressed in the cytoplasm of E. coli kills the cell by sequestering the nucleoid ), and then shuttled to the ComEC inner membrane-pore complex. (asmblog.org)
  • After oxidative stress, one of the main base lesions formed in DNA is 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) that, if left unrepaired, induces mutations potentially involved in cancer and aging. (cea.fr)
  • Thus BER is a major barrier to prevent accumulation of DNA lesions therefore protecting against cell death or mutagenesis. (cea.fr)
  • OGG1 is the major DNA glycoylase responsible for the removal of 8-oxoG. (cea.fr)
  • Now I will dis-cuss HGT by transformation , that is, by DNA uptake from the environment. (asmblog.org)