Genomic clostridium botulinum type c. Medical search. Frequent questions

Clostridium botulinum is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, anaerobic, spore-forming, motile bacterium with the ability to produce the neurotoxin botulinum. (wikipedia.org)
C. botulinum is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, spore-forming bacterium. (wikipedia.org)
Botulinum toxin, one of the most poisonous biological substances known, is a neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. (wikipedia.org)
Bacterial toxins are often characterized based upon the secretion mechanism that delivers the toxin out of the bacterium, termed types I-VII. (springer.com)
Botulinum toxin , or botulinum neurotoxin (commonly called botox ), is a highly potent neurotoxic protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum and related species. (wikipedia.org)
Edited by Mark Hower, student of Rachel Larsen and Kit Pogliano, From MicrobeWiki, the student-edited microbiology resource, "Genome sequence and comparative analysis of the solvent-producing bacterium Clostridium acetobutylicum. (thecoffeeparlor.com)

C. botulinum is able to produce the neurotoxin only during sporulation, which can happen only in an anaerobic environment. (wikipedia.org)
C. botulinum elaborates eight antigenically distinguishable exotoxins (A, B, C1, C2, D, E, F and G). Most strains produce one type of neurotoxin, but strains producing multiple toxins have been described. (wikipedia.org)
The ability of C. botulinum to naturally transfer neurotoxin genes to other clostridia is concerning, especially in the food industry, where preservation systems are designed to destroy or inhibit only C. botulinum but not other Clostridium species. (wikipedia.org)

The botulinum toxin can cause botulism, a severe flaccid paralytic disease in humans and other animals, and is the most potent toxin known to mankind, natural or synthetic, with a lethal dose of 1.3-2.1 ng/kg in humans. (wikipedia.org)
C. botulinum is a diverse group of pathogenic bacteria initially grouped together by their ability to produce botulinum toxin and now known as four distinct groups, C. botulinum groups I-IV, as well as some strains of Clostridium butyricum and Clostridium baratii, are the bacteria responsible for producing botulinum toxin. (wikipedia.org)
C. botulinum is responsible for foodborne botulism (ingestion of preformed toxin), infant botulism (intestinal infection with toxin-forming C. botulinum), and wound botulism (infection of a wound with C. botulinum). (wikipedia.org)
C. botulinum is divided into four distinct phenotypic groups (I-IV) and is also classified into seven serotypes (A-G) based on the antigenicity of the botulinum toxin produced. (wikipedia.org)
However, all types of botulinum toxin are rapidly destroyed by heating to 100 °C for 15 minutes (900 seconds). (wikipedia.org)
C. botulinum producing B and F toxin types have been isolated from human botulism cases in New Mexico and California. (wikipedia.org)
The toxin type has been designated Bf as the type B toxin was found in excess to the type F. Similarly, strains producing Ab and Af toxins have been reported. (wikipedia.org)
This theory is supported by the presence of integration sites flanking the toxin in some strains of C. botulinum. (wikipedia.org)
However, these integrations sites are degraded (except for the C and D types), indicating that the C. botulinum acquired the toxin genes quite far in the evolutionary past. (wikipedia.org)
Only botulinum toxin types A, B, E, F and H cause disease in humans. (wikipedia.org)
No disease is associated with type G. The "gold standard" for determining toxin type is a mouse bioassay, but the genes for types A, B, E, and F can now be readily differentiated using quantitative PCR. (wikipedia.org)
A few strains from organisms genetically identified as other Clostridium species have caused human botulism: C. butyricum has produced type E toxin and C. baratii had produced type F toxin. (wikipedia.org)
The seven main types of botulinum toxin are named types A to G (A, B, C1, C2, D, E, F and G). [20] [22] New types are occasionally found. (wikipedia.org)
The estimated human median lethal dose of type A toxin is 1.3-2.1 ng /kg intravenously or intramuscularly , 10-13 ng/kg when inhaled, or 1000 ng/kg when taken by mouth. (wikipedia.org)
Botulinum toxin is used to treat a number of therapeutic indications, many of which are not part of the approved drug label. (wikipedia.org)
[46] Botulinum toxin appears to be effective for refractory overactive bladder . (wikipedia.org)
[52] [53] AbobotulinumtoxinA is the first and only FDA-approved botulinum toxin for the treatment of pediatric lower limb spasticity. (wikipedia.org)
But it should be noted that there is still safety concern about the exotoxin secretion of some Clostridium species, like alpha-toxin and enterotoxin from Clostridium perfringens ( C. perfringens ), toxin A and toxin B from Clostridium difficile ( C. difficile ) [ 10 , 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

This review summarizes the major families of bacterial toxins and also describes the specific structure-function properties of the botulinum neurotoxins. (springer.com)
Botulinum neurotoxins are a varied group of protein toxins that share similar structures and modes of activity. (bvsalud.org)

Physiological differences and genome sequencing at 16S rRNA level support the subdivision of the C. botulinum species into groups I-IV. (wikipedia.org)
Description and significance== Like most species from the Clostridium genus, ''C. thermocellum'' is a bacteria that has a rod-like shape for its cell body. (kenyon.edu)
Clostridium species, as a predominant cluster of commensal bacteria in our gut, exert lots of salutary effects on our intestinal homeostasis. (biomedcentral.com)
Up to now, Clostridium species have been reported to attenuate inflammation and allergic diseases effectively owing to their distinctive biological activities. (biomedcentral.com)
In turn, our diets and physical state of body can shape unique pattern of Clostridium species in gut. (biomedcentral.com)
In view of their salutary performances, Clostridium species have a huge potential as probiotics. (biomedcentral.com)
Given this, this review summarized the researches involved in benefits and potential risks of Clostridium species to our health, in order to develop Clostridium species as novel probiotics for human health and animal production. (biomedcentral.com)
Species of Clostridium cluster XIVa and IV, as the representatives of the predominant bacteria in gut, account for 10-40% of the total bacteria [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
It was reported that species of Clostridium clusters XIVa and IV were essential for normalization of germfree mice [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Furthermore, Clostridium species are potent candidates to alleviate dysfunctions and disorders in intestine. (biomedcentral.com)
Meanwhile, the efficiency of Clostridium species must be considered when applied to animal production and diseases treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
So this review summarized the reports about both the benefits and underlying risks from Clostridium species on intestinal immune regulation and disease prevention to elucidate the potentials and challenges of their novel roles as probiotic. (biomedcentral.com)
But with the further in-depth studies of Clostridium species, the heterogeneities among them become more and more noteworthy. (biomedcentral.com)
The Clostridium species discussed in this review is based on this new criterion. (biomedcentral.com)
In the intestine of human and animals, Clostridium species, as one of the richest bacterial cluster, are mainly composed of Clostridium cluster IV and XIVa (Fig. 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
cluster XIVa, also known as Clostridium coccoides group, consists of 21 species. (biomedcentral.com)

Human botulism is predominantly caused by group I or II C. botulinum. (wikipedia.org)
Type C produces limber-neck in birds and type D causes botulism in other mammals. (wikipedia.org)
Tracing Foodborne Botulism Events Caused by Clostridium botulinum in Xinjiang Province, China, Using a Core Genome Sequence Typing Scheme. (cdc.gov)

And most previous members of Clostridium were assigned to Clostridium cluster I, represented by C. butyricum . (biomedcentral.com)

13) Gimenez, J.A. The genome of Clostridium acetobutylicum is 3.94088 Mega-base pairs long with a 192-kb megaplasmid. (thecoffeeparlor.com)
Development and evaluation of a core genome multilocus sequence typing scheme for Paenibacillus larvae, the deadly American foulbrood pathogen of honeybees [Article]. (sva.se)
It is thought that HGT is more prevalent in prokaryotes but that only a small fraction of the prokaryotic genome may be transferred by this type of transfer at any one time. (pressbooks.pub)

Comparative genomic and experimental analyses ( Rodionov et al . (tcdb.org)

The bacteria of genus Clostridium are rod-shaped, gram-positive and spore-forming anaerobes. (biomedcentral.com)
At the outset, the bacteria were classified into genus Clostridium based on the morphological and physiological characteristics above. (biomedcentral.com)

MGTdb: a web service and database for studying the global and local genomic epidemiology of bacterial pathogens. (cdc.gov)
According to [5] the results of biochemical tests used for bacterial identification and bio-typing may show variability due to the action of environmental factors on gene expression, the low discriminatory power of microorganisms with little genetic variability, and the risk of erroneous interpretations. (peertechzpublications.com)

Nitrogen-fixation genes and nitrogenase activity in Clostridium acetobutylicum and Clostridium beijerinckii. (thecoffeeparlor.com)
In mice, osteocalcin is composed of a cluster of 3 genes known as OG1, OG2 and ORG, all of which can be found within a 23Kb span of genomic DNA. (joplink.net)
The presence of mutations in the coding regions of each of these genes can cause changes in the structure of the resultant protein, which results in loss of function and therefore generates an increase of genomic instability increasing chance of developing ovarian cancer or breast. (ivami.com)
Mutations of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, present in the hereditary breast cancer is inherited as an autosomal dominant pattern, meaning that the presence of one altered copy of the gene in each cell is sufficient to increase the risk of this type of Cancer. (ivami.com)

To analyse the importance in virulence of three of these metalloproteinases, intranasal challenge of MF1 outbred mice was carried out using a range of infecting doses of wild type and knock-out pneumococcal mutant strains, in order to compare mice survival. (biomedcentral.com)

The genus Clostridium was classified into 19 clusters. (biomedcentral.com)

In regards to genomic organization, ''C. thermocellum'' like all other prokaryotic organisms lack a true nucleus for DNA storage and transcription. (kenyon.edu)

C. botulinum produces heat-resistant endospores that are commonly found in soil and are able to survive under adverse conditions. (wikipedia.org)
The most commonly studied strain is the type-strain, ATCC 824. (thecoffeeparlor.com)

One of the fundamental differences between group I and group II is that C. botulinum group I can lyse native proteins like coagulated egg white, cooked meat particles, whereas group II cannot. (wikipedia.org)
When evidence suggests that homologous membrane transport proteins of the ABC2 type couple transport to ATP hydrolysis using a homologue of the ABC-type ATPases, we list these proteins in the ABC superfamily. (tcdb.org)
This blood is usually typed for ABO and Rhesus blood groups and then separated into packed red cells, plasma, platelets and proteins. (blogspot.com)

Preliminary sequencing studies have suggested sequence homology with stramnopile-type organisms. (researchgate.net)
We would appreciate the opinion of those familiar with the morphology and zoospore motility of oomycete and related type organisms about the similarities and differences seen in these movies of motility in unstained, aseptically collected adipose tissue nodules from a patient in this cluster, suspected to be infected with a novel or emerging type of eukaryotic pathogen. (researchgate.net)

Botulinum toxins are among the most potent toxins known to science. (wikipedia.org)

Clostridium acetobutylicum, which is also known as the 'Weizmann organism,' was … This is mainly because solvents and organic acids could be used for production of ﬁne chemicals such as butyl butyrate, butyl oleate, etc. (thecoffeeparlor.com)
Clostridium acetobutylicum is an organism historically used for. (thecoffeeparlor.com)
Does anyone have even a guess at what type of organism (phylum/class? (researchgate.net)
We have obtained some electron micrographs showing what appears to be developmental stages of some type of small eukaryotic organism colonizing/parasitizing the tissues of mammalian hosts. (researchgate.net)

However, C. botulinum tolerates traces of oxygen due to the enzyme superoxide dismutase, which is an important antioxidant defense in nearly all cells exposed to oxygen. (wikipedia.org)

Eight types of toxins have been identified that are allocated a letter (A-H), several of which can cause disease in humans. (wikipedia.org)
types E and F can cause disease in humans, while the other types cause disease in other animals. (wikipedia.org)

Archival wild-type poliovirus 1 infected central nervous system tissues of the pre-vaccination era in Switzerland reveal a distinct virus genotype. (unibe.ch)

Clostridium acetobutylicum has played an important role in biotechnology throughout the 20th century. (thecoffeeparlor.com)
Technically speaking, the domestication of plants and animals through farming and breeding practices is a type of biotechnology. (pressbooks.pub)

Group IV C. botulinum has not been shown to cause human or animal disease. (wikipedia.org)

Ewan's main areas of research include functional genomics, DNA algorithms, statistical methods to analyse genomic information (in particular information associated with individual differences in humans and Medaka fish) and use of images for chromatin structure. (nottingham.ac.uk)

None of us in the research group have more than basic knowledge of invertebrate taxonomy, but based on the presence of organized calcified "tube or shell"-like structures, we are hypothesizing that it may be some type of polychaete or mollusk? (researchgate.net)

Biological hydrogen production by Clostridium acetobutylicum in an unsaturated flow reactor. (thecoffeeparlor.com)
In this study, production of butanol directly from hemicellulose was achieved simply through overexpression of an indigenous xylanase in Clostridium acetobutylicum. (thecoffeeparlor.com)

[23] [24] Types A and B are capable of causing disease in humans, and are also used commercially and medically. (wikipedia.org)

Clostridium acetobutylicum" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings).Descriptors are arranged in a hierarchical structure, … It can only survive up to several hours in aerobic conditions, in which it will form endospores that can last for years even in aerobic conditions. (thecoffeeparlor.com)
What types of medical conditions might be responsible for Kayla's symptoms? (pressbooks.pub)

In fact, our studies indicated that all uptake porters of the ABC superfamily are of the ABC2 type. (tcdb.org)

His research focuses on the efficient analysis of large-scale genomic datasets and new methods for metagenomic analysis and assembly of high-noise single-molecule sequencing data. (nottingham.ac.uk)

Could these images show some type of hydrozoan or myxozoan animal? (researchgate.net)

An understanding of the intricacies regarding the nomenclature of BoNTs and BoNT-producing clostridia is crucial for communication that allows for accurate reporting of information that is pertinent to each situation. (bvsalud.org)

Most of the waterborne pathogens discussed in this report (see also Appendix A ) are not native to the types of waterbodies addressed herein. (nationalacademies.org)

Type 1, or ultrapure, water is the most pure type and is suitable for use in HPLC, cell culture, mass spectroscopy, and other applications that require a very high level of purity. (pinqkerton.com)
Type 2, or pure, water is typically used for making media, buffers, and other solutions that are less sensitive to water quality than those listed above. (pinqkerton.com)
Type 3, or primary grade, water can be used when cleanliness is required but high levels of precision are not, such as for filling water baths and cleaning glassware. (pinqkerton.com)
ASTM International defines water purity using a scale ranging from Type 1 to Type IV that takes into account a va riety of factors such as conductivity, pH, and mineral content. (pinqkerton.com)

Type 508 Accommodation and the title of the report in the subject line of e-mail. (cdc.gov)

Machine learning predicts histologic type and grade of canine gliomas based on MRI texture analysis. (unibe.ch)

Anatomy3

Organisms19

Diseases5

Chemicals and Drugs20

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment9

Phenomena and Processes8

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture8

Information Science3

Health Care4

Bacterium6

Neurotoxin3

Toxin18

Neurotoxins2

Species16

Botulism3

Butyricum1

Genome3

Comparative1

Bacteria2

Bacterial2

Genes4

Strains1

Genus1

Prokaryotic1

Commonly2

Proteins3

Organisms2

Potent1

Organism4

Oxygen1

Cause disease in humans2

Poliovirus1

Biotechnology2

Human1

Differences1

Group1

Production2

Disease1

Medical2

Studies1

Methods1

Animal1

Communication1

Native1

Water4

Title1

Analysis1