Genome instability by replication. Medical search. Frequent questions

Together, these findings uncover a specialized role of dormant origins in replication completion while also identifying important functional overlaps between dormant origins and the FA pathway in maintaining fork progression, genome stability, normal development and tumor suppression. (umn.edu)
2022. Ribonucleotide incorporation by eukaryotic B-family replicases and its implications for genome stability. (nih.gov)
13. Dual role for mammalian DNA polymerase ζ in maintaining genome stability and proliferative responses. (nih.gov)
Repression of retrotransposons is critical for the maintenance of genome stability in both somatic cells and embryonic stem cells (ESCs) 9 . (nature.com)
DNA polymerase epsilon was found to be a key determinant of genome stability and of cellular responses to DNA damage resulting from exposures to environmental stress. (nih.gov)
Kunkel explained that the general strategy used in the study can now be applied to investigate other reactions that are critical for genome stability, including the identity of the lagging strand polymerase and the roles of more specialized DNA polymerases in copying damaged DNA. (nih.gov)
Meeting-Abstract: Manganese homeostasis, genome stability and cell cycle. (us.es)
Defects in mtDNA replication challenge nuclear genome stability through nucleotide depletion and provide a unifying mechanism for mouse progerias, Nature Metabolism (2019). (medicalxpress.com)
Accurate and synchronous replication timing between chromosome homologues is essential for maintaining chromosome stability, yet how this is achieved has remained a mystery. (rupress.org)
L oss of this activity in any organism leads to a decline in genome stability. (wisc.edu)
A new NIEHS-funded study sheds light on how cells resolve DNA damage and maintain genomic stability during replication. (nih.gov)
Role of p97/VCP (Cdc48) in genome stability. (ox.ac.uk)
In recent years, p97-dependent protein extraction from chromatin has emerged as an essential evolutionarily conserved process for maintaining genome stability. (ox.ac.uk)
The stability of our genome is under constant threat, while some instability is required to enable evolution. (universiteitleiden.nl)
Key players in maintaining genome stability are protein complexes involved in DNA replication, DNA repair, DNA damage signalling, cell cycle control and apoptosis. (universiteitleiden.nl)
The students will attend lectures on various aspects of genome (in)stability and its consequences for fitness and disease by experts in these fields. (universiteitleiden.nl)
an overall understanding into the processes that safeguard genome stability and the consequences for fitness and disease. (universiteitleiden.nl)
By elucidating molecular mechanisms responsible for maintaining genome stability, we aim to better understand the link between genome instability and cancer, and how these mechanisms can be harnessed to improve disease treatment. (stanford.edu)
Different pathways, mainly controlling either the cell cycle in response to DNA damage or the repair of the damage itself, maintain genome stability in mammalian cells. (biomedcentral.com)

8. DNA polymerase zeta contributes to heterochromatin replication to prevent genome instability. (nih.gov)
Embryonic stem cell-specific 5-hydroxymethylcytosine-binding protein (HMCES) can covalently cross-link to abasic sites in single-stranded DNA at stalled replication forks to prevent genome instability. (anl.gov)

Paradoxically, in the presence of persistent replication stress, RADX localizes to stalled forks to generate reversed fork structures. (nih.gov)

Although distinctly different from each other, DNA damages and mutations are related because DNA damages often cause errors of DNA synthesis during replication or repair and these errors are a major source of mutation. (wikipedia.org)
Ribonucleotides are frequently mis-incorporated into the genome during cellular DNA replication, resulting in genomic instability and mutations. (nih.gov)
Mice with mutations in genes that regulate an important DNA replication complex, called the minichromosome maintenance complex or MCM, are susceptible to genomic instability and cancer. (nih.gov)
Transpositions of retrotransposons such as LINE1 resulting from the short telomeres can also be found in these genomes with elevated number of mutations and CNVs. (nature.com)
However, the relationships and mechanisms underlying short or dysfunctional telomere-induced mutations and genomic instability remain elusive. (nature.com)
NIEHS postdoctoral fellow Natalie Saini, Ph.D., opened a fall seminar series at Duke with a discussion of genome-wide mutations. (nih.gov)
Environmental exposures can lead to increased mutations in the genome, according to NIEHS postdoctoral fellow Natalie Saini, Ph.D. She opened the fall seminar series for Duke University's Program in Environmental Health and Toxicology Sep. (nih.gov)
Genome instability describes when a genome has accumulated a large number of mutations. (nih.gov)
Genome instability can be defined as changes in the genetic code, varying from large chromosomal aberrations, to smaller deletions, insertions and copy number variation, and base substitution mutations. (elsevierpure.com)
Based on our data, we suggest that the cancer-associated mutations reported in POT1 affect the integrity of telomeres, leading to chromosomal abnormalities and in turn genomic instability, which is a hallmark of cancer progression. (sciencedaily.com)
They also used imaging techniques to look at different aspects of chromosomes and telomeres and found that these mutations result in defects in telomere length and structure, such as fragile telomeres that tend to break during replication stress, missing telomeres and chromosome fusion between telomeres from two different chromosomes. (sciencedaily.com)
The study presents a new view on how mitochondrial dysfunction may contribute to aging by affecting cellular nucleotide pools and compromising nuclear genome maintenance and ultimately argues that the contribution of mitochondrial DNA mutations to aging remains to be defined. (medicalxpress.com)
Defects in these systems may lead to increased mutations, chromosomal instability and ultimately to cancer while these systems also play crucial roles in cellular senescence and organismal aging. (universiteitleiden.nl)

RAD51 facilitates replication fork reversal and protects reversed forks from nuclease degradation. (nih.gov)
Accumulating evidence suggests that dormant DNA replication origins play an important role in the recovery of stalled forks. (umn.edu)
In bacteria, the duplication process of the often-circular chromosomes is initiated at a single origin per chromosome, resulting in two replication forks that traverse the chromosome in opposite directions. (frontiersin.org)
Polar replication fork pause sites flanking this area can pause the progression of replication forks, thereby allowing forks to enter but not to leave. (frontiersin.org)
The data from these studies highlight that head-on replication-transcription conflicts are indeed highly problematic and multiple repair pathways are required to restart replication forks arrested at obstacles. (frontiersin.org)
Inherited defects in the mechanisms of genome maintenance is the underlying cause of cancer prone disorders such as Fanconi anemia, a disease characterized by defects in the repair of inter-strand DNA crosslinks and in the rescue of stalled replication forks. (cnrs.fr)
We have analyzed systematically the protein composition of replication sites in basal conditions and in response to a variety of chemotherapeutic agents to identify proteins that ensure the progression of replication forks. (cnrs.fr)
Processing of DNA Polymerase-Blocking Lesions during Genome Replication Is Spatially and Temporally Segregated from Replication Forks. (us.es)
The cellular DNA replication stress response functions to stabilize DNA replication forks and inhibits genome instability and tumorigenesis induced by oncogenes. (figshare.com)
Our results reveal that endogenous replication stress from Myc in primary cells requires both alleles of Smarcal1 and Zranb3 and demonstrate the requirement of both proteins to stabilize replication forks upon Myc dysregulation in a nonredundant manner. (figshare.com)
Research in the Cox lab has traditionally been focused on the repair of stalled or collapsed replication forks, primarily by the recombinational DNA repair of double strand breaks. (wisc.edu)
By trapping PARP on DNA, PARP inhibition by PARPi leads to the collision of unrepaired single-stranded breaks within the replication forks, thereby generating one-ended double-highly cytotoxic strand breaks (DSBs), which can be corrected by the HR machinery. (techscience.com)

These replication defects coincided with substantially elevated levels of genome instability in Mcm4 chaos3/chaos3 ;Fancc -/- cells, resulting in a high rate of perinatal lethality of Mcm4 chaos3/chaos3 ;Fancc -/- mice and the accelerated tumorigenesis of surviving mice. (umn.edu)
Problems with DNA replication and repair may also contribute to developmental defects and possibly to pregnancy loss, but the reasons for these problems are not well understood. (nih.gov)
Defects in telomere function can lead to genomic instability in cancer, while the gradual shortening of telomeres is associated with the aging of human cells. (sciencedaily.com)
Rather, the clinical picture of the mtDNA Mutator mice is remarkably similar to that of other mouse progeria models and human progeric syndromes with nuclear genome instability, with the most prominent defects in proliferating cells, and especially in stem and progenitor cells important for tissue regeneration. (medicalxpress.com)
The new study shows that in addition to the mtDNA maintenance defects, the Mutator mice also manifest nuclear DNA defects, including replication fork stalling, increased DNA-breaks and activation of DNA damage response pathways. (medicalxpress.com)
We also found enhanced interaction of DNA replication factors with H3.3K27M during mitosis, indicating replication defects. (mdrresearch.nl)
It is a form of genome instability associated with defects in DNA MISMATCH REPAIR . (nih.gov)

This DDR is associated with a disruption of replication fork progression and leads to genome instability. (oncotarget.com)
Failure to correct replication errors by mismatch repair leads to genome instability and Lynch Syndrome (predisposition of hereditary cancers) in humans. (nih.gov)

Saini would also like to define what levels of genome instability are normal and what levels are pathological, leading to disease. (nih.gov)

In the future, Saini hopes to develop ways to tie mutation signatures to specific causes of genome instability. (nih.gov)
The underlying causes of genome instability are errors during cell division, DNA replication or DNA repair of DNA damage. (elsevierpure.com)

However, little is known about its impact on genomic instability and cancer immunity. (rubendries.com)

Our group studies mismatch repair, which corrects replication errors, translesion DNA synthesis, which completes DNA replication when normal polymerases are stalled by damaged bases, and V(D)J recombination, which uses sequence-specific nuclease RAG1/2 and Non-Homologous End Joining (NHEJ) to assemble millions of antigen receptor genes for lymphocyte maturation. (nih.gov)
Modifiers of (CAG)(n) instability in Machado-Joseph disease (MJD/SCA3) transmissions: an association study with DNA replication, repair and recombination genes. (cdc.gov)
Because of the plasticity and rapid evolution of poliovirus genomes and selective pressures during replication in the human intestine, vaccine poliovirus can lose key genetic determinants of attenuation through mutation or recombination with closely related polio and nonpolio enterovirus strains, acquiring the neurovirulence and infectivity characteristics of wild-type poliovirus (WPV) ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
Much of the genome instability associated with cancer can be traced to missteps at the critical interfaces between replication, repair, and recombination. (wisc.edu)
The rarA gene (rar=replication associated recombination) encodes a 447-amino-acid polypeptide with a predicted MW = 49594. (wisc.edu)

In certain cases, structural rearrangement within a chromosome can delay the replication of the entire chromosome, leading to delayed condensation in mitosis and further destabilization of the genome. (rupress.org)
Since H3.3 mutant gliomas also exhibit high levels of copy number alterations, we set out to address if the H3.3K27M oncohistone leads to destabilization of the genome. (mdrresearch.nl)

USP1-trapping lesions as a source of DNA replication stress and genomic instability. (nih.gov)
Genetic alterations to cellular genes may be inherited or arise spontaneously because of DNA damage from an environmental carcinogen or mutation from replication errors.1 Many common genetic lesions in cancer involve signaling proteins. (technologynetworks.com)

On the other hand, in rapidly dividing cells, unrepaired DNA damages that do not kill the cell by blocking replication will tend to cause replication errors and thus mutation. (wikipedia.org)
The strict control of RNR activity and dNTP pool sizes is important, as pool imbalances increase mutation rates, replication anomalies, and genome instability. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
7 with a discussion of "The Contributions of DNA Damage and Repair to Genome-wide Human Somatic Mutation Loads" in the Field Auditorium. (nih.gov)
Together, our data uncover a role for H3.3 in DNA replication under stress conditions that is altered by the K27M mutation, promoting genomic instability and potentially glioma development. (mdrresearch.nl)

However, the molecular mechanisms underlying telomere attrition-induced genome instability remain to be understood. (nature.com)
Saini is a visiting fellow in the lab of Dmitry Gordenin, Ph.D., in the Mechanisms of Genome Dynamics Group . (nih.gov)
Using cells with and without HLTF, the researchers studied mechanisms and pathways by which cells overcome DNA replication stress, which can stall replication and cause genome instability. (nih.gov)
Instead, with increased resistance to replication stress, DNA replication continued unrestrained through other mechanisms. (nih.gov)
Special emphasis is directed towards recent literature on the mechanisms of action of these two proteins and the roles of Tax and HBZ in influencing the outcomes of HTLV-1 infection including senescence induction, viral latency and persistence, genome instability, cell proliferation, and ATL development. (nih.gov)
Specifically, we are investigating: (i) mechanisms that regulate the activity of the replicative helicase during replication stress, (ii) mechanisms that control the inheritance of epigenetic information during replication, and (iii) mechanisms of ubiquitin-mediated regulation of genome maintenance. (stanford.edu)

Simultaneously, CHK1 full length and its N-terminal fragments phosphorylate SPRTN at the C-terminal regulatory domain, which stimulates SPRTN recruitment to chromatin to promote unperturbed DNA replication fork progression and DPC repair. (ox.ac.uk)

Overall, protein-coding density of bacterial genomes is with 85-90% high ( McCutcheon and Moran, 2011 ) and the correlation between genome size and the number of genes is surprisingly constant ( Touchon and Rocha, 2016 ). (frontiersin.org)
which is found in almost all organisms and which sometimes contains operon structures in bacterial genomes. (easyomics.org)

Over 90% of all colorectal cancers in HNPCC patients demonstrate a high microsatellite instability (MSI-H), which means at least 2 or more genes have been mutated in HNPCC families or atypical HNPCC families. (medscape.com)

Amazingly, more than a half century after Watson and Crick first described the DNA double helix, it had remained unclear which of these many DNA polymerases in higher organisms is actually responsible for first replicating the leading strand during nuclear genome duplication, " said Kunkel, author and Chief, Laboratory of Structural Biology at NIEHS. (nih.gov)
So, how can a primary mitochondrial DNA maintenance defect affect the maintenance of nuclear genome? (medicalxpress.com)

Here we show that RADX, a single-strand DNA binding protein that binds to and destabilizes RAD51 nucleofilaments, can either inhibit or promote fork reversal depending on replication stress levels. (nih.gov)
The SPRTN metalloprotease is essential for DNA-protein crosslink (DPC) repair and DNA replication in vertebrate cells. (ox.ac.uk)
A dual system to manipulate protein levels for DNA replication-and cell cycle-related studies. (us.es)
Researchers identified the protein helicase-like transcription factor (HLTF) as a key regulator of the cellular replication stress response. (nih.gov)
The protein prevents genomic instability known to contribute to many diseases, such as cancer. (nih.gov)
By summarizing and critically evaluating recent data on p97 function in various chromatin-associated protein degradation processes, we propose establishing p97 as a genome caretaker. (ox.ac.uk)

In its absence, the replication efficiency is reduced which induces genome instability and the use of alternative replication origins. (cnrs.fr)

Nucleotides are the building blocks of DNA, and proper cellular nucleotide levels are critical for genome maintenance. (medicalxpress.com)

Lurbinectedin represents an innovative approach to conventional anti-cancer drugs, with an elegant mechanism of action based on the inhibition of transcription-dependent replication stress and genome instability of tumor cells," the editorialists comment. (medscape.com)
Moreover, we show that compromised CDK1 activity dramatically increases the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents that kill cancer cells through perturbing DNA replication, including Olaparib, an FDA approved PARP inhibitor. (oncotarget.com)
Moreover, this enzyme can be considered an ideal target for anti-proliferative compounds designed to inhibit cell replication in eukaryotic cells (cancer cells), parasites, viruses, and bacteria. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
It has long been recognized that telomere dysfunction and rearrangement in subtelomeric and telomeric regions can lead to genome instability and eventually cause cancer and other diseases in human 2 , 3 . (nature.com)
Cells deficient in SPRTN protease exhibit DPC-induced replication stress and genome instability, manifesting as premature ageing and liver cancer. (ox.ac.uk)
CDK7 Inhibition Potentiates Genome Instability Triggering Anti-tumor Immunity in Small Cell Lung Cancer. (rubendries.com)
Using a selective CDK7 inhibitor, YKL-5-124, we demonstrated that CDK7 inhibition predominately disrupts cell-cycle progression and in- duces DNA replication stress and genome instability in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) while simultaneously triggering immune-response signaling. (rubendries.com)
International Cancer Genome Consortium. (cancerindex.org)
Background: Mitochondria are remarkably gaining significant and different pathogenic roles in cancer (i.e., to sustain specific metabolism, to activate signaling pathways, to promote apoptosis resistance, to favor cancer cell dissemination, and finally to facilitate genome instability). (eurekaselect.com)
The students will meet and talk with patients with cancer predisposition resulting from an inherited genome instability syndrome. (universiteitleiden.nl)

2. Loss of DNA polymerase zeta causes chromosomal instability in mammalian cells. (nih.gov)
The researchers also noted that the skewed gender ratios likely were not linked to all types of DNA replication and repair problems, but they may be limited to those that cause certain types of chromosomal damage. (nih.gov)

We report that a short duration of CDK1 inhibition, which does not perturb cell cycle progression, triggers a replication-associated DNA damage response (DDR). (oncotarget.com)
Several of these are thought to perform genomic replication, while others operate under special circumstances, such as the repair of DNA damage resulting from environmental exposures. (nih.gov)
In Myc-overexpressing primary cells, significant differences in replication fork stalling, collapse, and DNA damage were detected between cells deficient in Smarcal1 or Zranb3, leading to changes in proliferation and apoptosis. (figshare.com)
They used genetic and imaging approaches to identify which DNA damage tolerance pathways help replication progression. (nih.gov)
PICHROS directly and negatively affects multiple DNA metabolic processes, including replication, damage responses, mitosis, and transcription, leading to genotoxic stress and genome instability. (ox.ac.uk)

Current Research and Scholarly Interests Research in my laboratory is aimed at understanding how eukaryotes replicate their DNA despite numerous challenges (collectively known as replication stress), and more generally - how eukaryotic cells safeguard genome integrity. (stanford.edu)

In mammalian cells gene amplification is a common manifestation of genome instability promoted by DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). (biomedcentral.com)

The study places us one step closer to understanding the origins of genome instability that underlie certain environmental diseases in humans," said NIEHS Director David A. Schwartz, M.D. NIEHS is part of the National Institutes of Health. (nih.gov)
According to Pursell, a researcher in the DNA Replication Fidelity Group at NIEHS and first author on the paper the study's findings advance the fundamental understanding of how the genomes of many higher organisms are replicated. (nih.gov)

Although potentially a useful replication stress response mechanism, unregulated fork reversal can cause genome instability. (nih.gov)
A basal-level activity of ATR links replication fork surveillance and stress response. (nih.gov)
Generally, problems with DNA replication or repair during periods of rapid cell division can cause instability in the genome, which results in cellular stress and inflammation. (nih.gov)
The BLM helicase is a new therapeutic target in multiple myeloma involved in replication stress survival and drug resistance. (cnrs.fr)
Dihydropyrimidinase protects from DNA replication stress caused by cytotoxic metabolites. (cnrs.fr)
Our data suggest that a SPRTN-CHK1 cross-activation loop plays a part in DNA replication and protection from DNA replication stress. (ox.ac.uk)
Spatial separation between replisome and template induced replication stress signaling. (us.es)
Review/Rese a: Functions of ubiquitin and SUMO in DNA replication and replication stress. (us.es)
Here we report that Smarcal1 and Zranb3, closely related replication fork-remodeling proteins, have nonredundant functions in resolving Myc-induced DNA replication stress. (figshare.com)
The team found that in cells without HLTF, DNA replication did not slow down at the site of replication under stress. (nih.gov)
Further functional analyses revealed increased genomic instability upon replication stress, as represented by mitotic bulky and ultrafine DNA bridges. (mdrresearch.nl)
Chromosome fragile sites tend to form gap or break in chromosomes following when the cell exposed to replication stress. (genome-integrity.org)

3. DNA polymerase ζ in DNA replication and repair. (nih.gov)
This prompted us to assess the effects of a site- and strand-specific uridylate (rU) or cytidylate (rC) harbored within forked duplex DNA substrate on unwinding catalyzed by disease relevant helicases implicated in replication or DNA repair. (nih.gov)
This enzyme converts ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides, the building blocks for DNA replication, and repair. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
Researchers led by John Schimenti, Ph.D., at Cornell University studied mice to help determine how problems with DNA replication and repair affect embryonic development. (nih.gov)
We describe the current models of how replication fork fusion events can cause serious problems for genome duplication, as well as models of how such problems might be alleviated both by a number of repair pathways as well as the replication fork trap system. (frontiersin.org)
This group studies genome instability by looking at DNA replication and repair. (nih.gov)
In plants, this pathway is particularly important for the replication and repair of the chloroplast genome. (cnrs.fr)
G4DNA has been shown to drive genomic instability by impeding DNA replication and some forms of DNA repair. (chicagobiomedicalconsortium.org)
Deficiencies in DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair by non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) contribute to genomic instability, and the impact of G4DNA on this process is unknown. (chicagobiomedicalconsortium.org)
However, in the absence of the systematic attention garnered by other fork repair pathways - ensured in part by a lack of appropriate methodology - the role of postreplication gaps in genome maintenance has required periodic rediscovery. (wisc.edu)
DNA polymerases aid DNA replication and repair. (techscience.com)

Although OPV has many advantages (easy administration by mouth, low cost, effective intestinal immunity, and durable humoral immunity), it has the disadvantage of genetic instability. (cdc.gov)
Because of this genetic instability, in settings where a substantial proportion of the population is susceptible to poliovirus, OPV use can lead to poliovirus emergence and sustained person-to-person transmission and spread in the community of genetically divergent circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPVs). (cdc.gov)

We found that critically short telomeres altered retrotransposon activity to promote genomic instability in mouse embryonic stem cells, as evidenced by elevated numbers of single nucleotide variants, indels and copy number variations (CNVs). (nature.com)
Telomeres protect chromosome ends to prevent chromosome fusion and instability 1 . (nature.com)
Telomeres are the protective structures at the end of chromosomes and are essential for the faithful replication and protection of our genome. (sciencedaily.com)
Approximately 300,000 G4DNAs can exist simultaneously in the human genome, often found in critical regions including telomeres and promoters. (chicagobiomedicalconsortium.org)

MMR genes normally produce proteins that identify and correct sequence mismatches that may occur during DNA replication. (medscape.com)
Transcription of all required genes has to take place simultaneously with genome duplication. (frontiersin.org)
As the human genome project nears its goal, the coding sequence of all the human genes is becoming available and the focus of research must shift from gene identification to functional genomics. (nih.gov)
Gene amplification, the increase in the copy number of a portion of the genome, is a common manifestation of genome instability in tumour cells and an important mechanism of oncogene activation as well as drug resistance, since it leads to over-expression of relevant genes. (biomedcentral.com)

Recent discoveries, several of which emerged from the human genome project, indicate that the human genome encodes at least 15 DNA polymerases that can copy DNA. (nih.gov)

The improved ability to sequence whole genomes has revealed considerable variations. (frontiersin.org)
The mouse has been an essential animal model for studies in hearing loss, and advances in mouse genetics, including genome sequence and high density single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) maps, provide a suitable system for the study of a complex trait such as NIHL [ 6 ]. (prolekarniky.cz)

Here, we provide a body of evidence suggesting that SPRTN activates the ATR-CHK1 phosphorylation signalling cascade during physiological DNA replication by proteolysis-dependent eviction of CHK1 from replicative chromatin. (ox.ac.uk)

Interestingly, a loss of dormant origins also increased the number of sites in which replication was delayed until prophase, regardless of FA pathway activation. (umn.edu)
As ectopic origins disturb the native replichore arrangements, the problems resulting from such perturbations can give important insights into how genome trafficking processes are coordinated and the problems that arise if this coordination is disturbed. (frontiersin.org)
In addition, the existing data also demonstrate that the replication fork trap in E. coli imposes significant constraints to genome duplication if ectopic origins are active. (frontiersin.org)

Replication may also be blocked and/or the cell may die. (wikipedia.org)
Each cell division requires the complete and accurate duplication of the entire genome. (frontiersin.org)
In E. coli , overlapping cell cycles in fast growing cells allow an increase in genome equivalents and stationary cells contain only a single copy of the chromosome. (frontiersin.org)
Shortly thereafter, Kornberg and colleagues discovered the first enzymes capable of replicating DNA, a process required to make new genomes for cell division. (nih.gov)
The replication of chromosomes in eukaryotic organisms takes place in accord with a highly regulated temporal replication program, initiating within conserved replication domains that are defined by the 3D positioning of genomic regions within the cell nucleus ( Rivera-Mulia and Gilbert, 2016 ). (rupress.org)

Ribonucleotide reductases are essential enzymes which synthesize deoxyribonucleotides used in the replication of DNA. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
The cellular enzymes involved in DNA replication generate thousands of copies of DNA with greater fidelity. (techscience.com)

Here we propose to comprehensively analyze human lung bronchial epithelium for both stochastic and adaptive changes in the genome, epigenome and transcriptome. (elsevierpure.com)
Common Threads: Aphidicolin-Inducible and Folate-Sensitive Fragile Sites in the Human Genome. (nih.gov)
Buoyed by the prospects and successes of human association studies, several groups have proposed mouse genome-wide association studies. (prolekarniky.cz)

Considering the problems associated both with head-on replication-transcription conflicts as well as head-on replication fork fusion events might provide clues of how these genome trafficking issues have contributed to shape the distinct architecture of bacterial chromosomes. (frontiersin.org)

Chromosome instability at fragile sites can be evaluated by biomarkers of genomic instability such as frequency of micronuclei (MN). (genome-integrity.org)

Indeed, the replication of mtDNA is drastically accelerated in the cells of the Mutator mice . (medicalxpress.com)

Modifiers of Somatic Repeat Instability in Mouse Models of Friedreich Ataxia and the Fragile X-Related Disorders: Implications for the Mechanism of Somatic Expansion in Huntington's Disease. (nih.gov)

As both of these genome trafficking processes share the same template, conflicts are unavoidable. (frontiersin.org)

Anatomy18

Organisms15

Diseases15

Chemicals and Drugs71

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment24

Phenomena and Processes131

Disciplines and Occupations3

Information Science9

Health Care2

Stability19

Prevent genome instability2

Reversed fork1

Mutations13

Forks12

Defects7

Leads to genome instability2

Levels of genome instability1

Causes of genome instability2

Genomic instability and cancer1

Recombination5

Destabilization of the genome2

Lesions2

Mutation4

Mechanisms6

Fork progression1

Bacterial genomes2

Microsatellite instability1

Nuclear genome2

Protein6

Induces1

Critical for genome1

Cancer10

Chromosomal2

Damage5

Safeguard genome1

Mammalian cells1

NIEHS2

Stress12

Repair11

Genetic2

Telomeres4

Genes4

Polymerases1

Sequence2

Chromatin1

Origins3

Cell5

Enzymes2

Human3

Chromosomes1

Fragile Sites1

Cells1

Modifiers1

Processes1