• Genes, Immunoglobulin" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (uchicago.edu)
  • The heavy and light immunoglobulin genes are present as gene segments in the germline cells. (uchicago.edu)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Genes, Immunoglobulin" by people in this website by year, and whether "Genes, Immunoglobulin" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (uchicago.edu)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "Genes, Immunoglobulin" by people in Profiles. (uchicago.edu)
  • B-cell transcription factor expression and immunoglobulin gene rearrangement frequency in acute myeloid leukemia with t(8;21)(q22;q22). (uchicago.edu)
  • Molecular pathways and mechanisms regulating the recombination of immunoglobulin genes during B-lymphocyte development. (uchicago.edu)
  • The basic and common immunologic defect in common variable immunodeficiency is a failure of B-lymphocyte differentiation into plasma cells that produce the various immunoglobulin (Ig) isotypes. (medscape.com)
  • His Acquired immune system research is multidisciplinary, incorporating perspectives in Genome and Immunoglobulin class switching. (research.com)
  • His works in Acquired immune system, Vertebrate, Gene rearrangement, Locus and Immunoglobulin heavy chain are all subjects of inquiry into Genetics. (research.com)
  • His Gene study frequently links to related topics such as Immunoglobulin light chain. (research.com)
  • His Gene rearrangement, Immunoglobulin superfamily, Genome, Transposable element and Xenopus study are his primary interests in Genetics. (research.com)
  • His biological study spans a wide range of topics, including J chain, Immunoglobulin M, Major histocompatibility complex and Affinity maturation. (research.com)
  • Therapies for these disorders (eg, intravenous immunoglobulin [IVIG], bone marrow transplantation, gene therapy) are very costly and require highly advanced facilities. (medscape.com)
  • Immunoglobulin gene rearrangement begins with heavy-chain gene rearrangement followed by light-chain gene rearrangement. (medscape.com)
  • The constant region of the immunoglobulin (IG) or antibody heavy gamma chain is frequently engineered to modify the effector properties of the therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. (bvsalud.org)
  • The Chrna7 results are explained by hypothesizing loss of an essential neuronal transcriptional enhancer required for ~80% of allelic Chrna7 promoter activity, while the Chrna7 promoter is upregulated in B lymphocytes by the transgene immunoglobulin enhancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • They are short-lived cells resembling bursa-derived lymphocytes of birds in their production of immunoglobulin upon appropriate stimulation. (lookformedical.com)
  • The hallmark of all BL tumours is the translocation between the MYC gene and one of the immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy or light chain loci. (bmj.com)
  • Segments of heavy chain are located on chromosome 14, they include 11 constant gene segments (CH), that are preceded by 123-129 variable segments (VH), 27 diversity gene segments (DH) and 9 joining segments (JH), coding different versions of components V, D, J. Loci of light chains on chromosome 2 (locus κ) and chromosome 22 (locus λ) have similar structure, but they do not contain D segments. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cytosine modifications directly affect the positioning of nucleosomes (the first level of chromatin organization into chromosome involving the DNA chain wound around a core of 8 histone proteins), and recruit chromatin-modifying complexes that modify histones. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • Martin F. Flajnik works mostly in the field of Evolutionary biology, limiting it down to concerns involving Genome and, occasionally, African clawed frog, Chromosome and Xenopus. (research.com)
  • Prader-Willi and Angelman syndrome (PWS and AS) are complex neurobehavioral disorders associated with loss of function of a cluster of differentially expressed imprinted genes in chromosome 15q11-q13 [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It was the last completed chromosome, sequenced two decades after the beginning of the Human Genome Project . (wikidoc.org)
  • The following are some of the gene count estimates of human chromosome 1. (wikidoc.org)
  • Because researchers use different approaches to genome annotation their predictions of the number of genes on each chromosome varies (for technical details, see gene prediction ). (wikidoc.org)
  • The following is a partial list of genes on human chromosome 1. (wikidoc.org)
  • Also micronuclear-encoded MDSs which are nonsequential must undergo gene unscrambling to be ligated in correct order to give functional genes Local rearrangements affect specific loci only. (wikipedia.org)
  • The lack of good-quality genome assemblies, and the difficulty to perform a reliably mapping of multiple highly similar TR sequences, have hindered the study of these loci in non-model organisms. (bvsalud.org)
  • Our data shed light on the evolution of TRB loci in Salmonids after their whole genome duplication (WGD). (bvsalud.org)
  • In each mechanism, PWS arises from loss of ten paternally expressed loci, while AS arises from loss of function of the maternally expressed UBE3A gene [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We studied 50 candidate loci in 24 gastric samples to identify H. pylori infection associated genes. (hokudai.ac.jp)
  • This review emphasizes the potential of analysing chromosomal rearrangements as a means to rapidly define candidate disease loci for further investigation. (neurotransmitter.net)
  • To reduce the risk of analyzing cell line- pathway can be divided into distinct stages based on the specific features, we used several representative cell lines for recombination status of the Ig genes and on the expression each of four major stages in B cell development: pro-B, pre-B, pattern of surface markers and the presence of intracellular proteins [1- 6]. (lu.se)
  • IMGT® standardized analysis of the IG, TR, and major histocompatibility (MH) genes and proteins bridges the gap between sequences and three-dimensional (3D) structures, for all jawed vertebrates from fish to humans. (bvsalud.org)
  • Our studies have demonstrated that several of the proteins encoded by cellular oncogenes function in fundamental aspects of gene regulation. (stanford.edu)
  • Antibodies are heavy (~150 k Da ) proteins of about 10 nm in size, [7] arranged in three globular regions that roughly form a Y shape. (wikipedia.org)
  • Two genes encoding putative internalin proteins were chosen for further study. (omictools.com)
  • Soon after fertilization, the vast majority of methylcytosine in sperm is converted by the Tet3 enzyme to hydroxymethylcytosine that gets lost by dilution during replication, effectively erasing cytosine methylation patterns except for a subset that is maintained, including those of some imprinted genes. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • H3K9me2 was found at several paternally methylated imprinted regions in sperm, suggesting that this histone mark signals special sites of the paternal genome where methylation is maintained. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • We examined DNA methylation of well-validated H. pylori infection associated genes in GC and its adjacent mucosa and investigated its association with CIMP, various molecular subtypes and clinical features. (hokudai.ac.jp)
  • In non-neoplastic mucosa, methylation of H. pylori infection associated genes was higher in patients with GC than those without. (hokudai.ac.jp)
  • In primary GC tissues, higher methylation of H. pylori infection associated genes correlated with CIMP-positive and its related features, such as MLH1 methylated cases. (hokudai.ac.jp)
  • On the other hand, GC with lower methylation of these genes presented aggressive clinicopathological features including undifferentiated histopathology, advanced stage at diagnosis. (hokudai.ac.jp)
  • Fugu genome analysis provides evidence for a whole-genome duplication early during the evolution of ray-finned fishes. (academicinfluence.com)
  • Chromatin diminution is a process of partial elimination of chromatin genetic material from genome of prospective somatic cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Recent advances in genome-wide and comprehensive molecular analyses have demonstrated that both genetic and epigenetic changes contribute to EBVaGC carcinogenesis. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The genetic landscape of CLL has been recently enriched with mutations within a number of genes proposed as novel prognostic markers. (ndltd.org)
  • In order to be prepared to react to a wide range of microbial epitopes, B cells, like T cells, use genetic rearrangement of hundreds of gene segments to provide the necessary diversity of receptor specificities. (oregonstate.education)
  • The genes/mutations could act alone or interact with other genetic and/or epigenetic or environmental factors, causing autism or related disorders. (neurotransmitter.net)
  • The first stage involved identifying, in unrelated subjects showing linkage to 2q24-q33, genetic variants in exons and flanking sequence within candidate genes and comparing the frequency of the variants between autistic and unrelated nonautistic subjects. (neurotransmitter.net)
  • We validated the algorithm's predictions by characterizing 646 genetic system variants, encoded in plasmids and genomes, expressed in six gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial hosts. (omictools.com)
  • This process was found to occur during the early developmental stage in three groups: nematodes, copepods, and hagfish One of the first studies regarding somatic genome processing was observed by Boveri large-scale chromatin elimination in parasitic nematode Parascaris univalens. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ciliates have two nuclei: micronucleus (germ-line cell nucleus) that does not express genes and macronucleus, where most genes are expressed, and is subject to chromatin elimination. (wikipedia.org)
  • Eukaryote genomes are packaged into a nucleoprotein complex known as chromatin. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • 2) We have discovered a group of oncoproteins that are implicated in long-term maintenance of gene expression through their effects on the state of chromatin. (stanford.edu)
  • We are studying the role that normal chromatin structure plays in gene regulation in hematopoietic cells and how its disruption leads to altered development and cancer. (stanford.edu)
  • The germline genes in the micronucleus of ciliates are composed of protein-coding DNA fragments (MDSs) interrupted by many non-coding DNA sequences, also called internal eliminated (IESs). (wikipedia.org)
  • The gene segments of the human light and heavy chain germline genes are symbolized V (variable), J (joining) and C (constant). (uchicago.edu)
  • The heavy chain germline genes have an additional segment D (diversity). (uchicago.edu)
  • His primary areas of investigation include Genetics, Gene, Major histocompatibility complex, Molecular biology and Nurse shark. (research.com)
  • This mechanism also applies to hematopoietic cells transformed by other HOX genes, including CDX2, which is highly expressed in a majority of acute myeloid leukemias, thus providing a molecular approach based on GSK-3 inhibitory strategies to target HOX-associated transcription in a broad spectrum of leukemias. (stanford.edu)
  • Using molecular and cytological methods we demonstrate that 13 imprinted and 11 non-imprinted genes are included in the TgPWS/TgAS deletion. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Subsequent differentiation allows for rear- analysis of a set of mouse B lineage cell lines rep- rangements of the Ig light-chain (IgL) genes that replace the resenting defined stages of B cell development us- surrogate light-chain genes on the surface of the B cell [8]. (lu.se)
  • the gene expression profile during B lymphoid differentiation. (lu.se)
  • Most of these lymphomas represent the malignant counterpart of B-lymphocytes at midstage in the process of differentiation. (lookformedical.com)
  • A group of lymphomas exhibiting clonal expansion of malignant T-lymphocytes arrested at varying stages of differentiation as well as malignant infiltration of the skin. (lookformedical.com)
  • Deletion mapping demonstrated single copy loss of a contiguous 1p36 terminal region encompassing many important neurodevelopmental genes, among them four HES genes implicated in regulating neural stem cell differentiation, and TP73 , a monoallelically expressed gene. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Humoral immunity refers to mechanisms of the adaptive immune defenses that are mediated by antibodies secreted by B lymphocytes, or B cells. (oregonstate.education)
  • In a series of 8593 CLL patients, stereotyped subsets showed marked differences in demographics, clinical presentation, cytogenetic aberrations and gene mutational spectrum. (ndltd.org)
  • The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the prognostic relevance of recurrent gene mutations and to assess the clinicobiological associations and clinical impact of BcR IG stereotypy in CLL. (ndltd.org)
  • In a cohort of 3490 patients, NOTCH1, SF3B1 and TP53 mutations were enriched within clinically aggressive cases carrying unmutated IGHV genes (U-CLL), frequently co-occurring with trisomy 12, del(11q) and del(17p), respectively. (ndltd.org)
  • Currently, no deleterious mutations have been found gentle chain and a heavy chain linked by the disulfide within the promoter region. (ehd.org)
  • We hypothesize that there might be at least three types of autism susceptibility genes/mutations that can be (i) specific to an individual patient or family, (ii) in a genetically isolated sub-population and (iii) a common factor shared amongst different populations. (neurotransmitter.net)
  • In ciliates there are two types of diminution: the first is fragmentation of genome and loss of repetitive sequences and the second is deletion of internally eliminated sequences in chromosomes and the rejoining of remaining DNA fragments. (wikipedia.org)
  • IMGT® comprises seven databases (IMGT/LIGM-DB for nucleotide sequences, IMGT/GENE-DB for genes and alleles, etc.), 17 tools (IMGT/V-QUEST, IMGT/JunctionAnalysis, IMGT/HighV-QUEST for NGS, etc.), and more than 20,000 Web resources. (bvsalud.org)
  • In this chapter, the focus is on the tools for amino acid sequences per domain (IMGT/DomainGapAlign and IMGT/Collier-de-Perles), and on the databases for receptors (IMGT/2Dstructure-DB and IMGT/3D-structure-DB) described per receptor, chain, and domain and, for 3D, with contact analysis, paratope, and epitope. (bvsalud.org)
  • chain repertoires, by establishing a near-complete list of unique receptor chain sequences, or 'clonotypes', present in a sample. (elifesciences.org)
  • A second trial (SCIDn2) was carried out to treat SCID-X1 using an improved self-inactivated vector in which the LTR strong enhancer sequences were deleted [ 19 ], and a promoter comprised of the short elongation factor 1 alpha (EF1a) promoter, devoid of enhancer regions, was used to express the therapeutic IL2RG gene. (europeanhealthjournal.com)
  • Summary: Comparative genomics remains a pivotal strategy to study the evolution of gene organization, and this primacy is reinforced by the growing number of full genome sequences available in public repositories. (omictools.com)
  • His study in Major histocompatibility complex is interdisciplinary in nature, drawing from both Evolutionary biology, Gene duplication, Lymphocyte and Proteasome. (research.com)
  • Atypical lymphoid hyperplasia due to clonal expansion of B or T lymphocytes has been reported in as many as one third of patients with common variable immunodeficiency. (medscape.com)
  • 26 27 In contrast, the chromosomal breakpoint in sBL and HIV-associated BL occurs most commonly in the class switch region, 28 but since both somatic hypermutation and class switching are events that are normally confined to GC B cells and GC centroblast markers are expressed on BL cells, the BL progenitor cells most likely arise from B cells subjected to chromosomal rearrangements in the GC. (bmj.com)
  • One of the best known groups in respect of changes in somatic genome are ciliates. (wikipedia.org)
  • The process resulting in a variation of somatic genome that differs from germline genome is called somatic genome processing. (wikipedia.org)
  • His Nurse shark research incorporates themes from Somatic hypermutation, J chain, Exon, Sequence analysis and T-cell receptor. (research.com)
  • These abnormalities result in significant alterations in gene expression related to cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and immune signaling pathways. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Furthermore, we discuss recent findings on EBV associated gastric carcinogenesis by focusing on the roles of latent genes, epigenetic abnormalities, genomic alterations, and post-transcriptional regulation by cellular and viral microRNAs (miRNAs). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Genome 10K: a proposal to obtain whole-genome sequence for 10,000 vertebrate species. (academicinfluence.com)
  • Using gene expression, non-coding conserved sequence (NCCS) and synteny data, we have genetically mapped a putative Luzp2 neuronal enhancer responsible for ~33% of allelic transcriptional activity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The enhancers, along with the LTR promoter sequence, supported efficient expression of the corrective IL2RG gene and allowed successful gene correction. (europeanhealthjournal.com)
  • We now describe the complete re-annotation and re-analysis of the C. jejuni NCTC11168 genome using current database information, novel tools and annotation techniques not used during the original annotation.ResultsRe-annotation was carried out using sequence database searches such as FASTA, along with programs such as TMHMM for additional support. (omictools.com)
  • Patients who have common variable immunodeficiency and autoimmune conditions appear to have very low numbers of isotype-switched memory B cells in peripheral blood and are more likely to have a mutation in the gene that encodes TACI ( TNFRST13B ). (medscape.com)
  • X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA), also known as Bruton agammaglobulinemia, results from a mutation of the BTK gene, which encodes the pre-B-cell receptor (Pre-BCR) and BCR. (medscape.com)
  • The scientist's investigation covers issues in Acquired immune system, Nurse shark, Gene, Genetics and Major histocompatibility complex. (research.com)
  • His Gene and Vertebrate investigations are all subjects of Genetics research. (research.com)
  • The completed genes are created when the segments are shuffled and assembled (B-LYMPHOCYTE GENE REARRANGEMENT) during B-LYMPHOCYTE maturation. (uchicago.edu)
  • The J segments flanking MYC translocated breakpoints typically exhibit deletions and/or additions of base pairs characteristic of normal Ig V(D)J segment rearrangement. (bmj.com)
  • Genome-wide transcript analysis showed that B. anthracis undergoes considerable changes in gene expression during growth in iron-depleted media, including the regulation of known and candidate virulence factors. (omictools.com)
  • Ig gene-like molecule CD31 plays a nonredundant role in the regulation of T-cell immunity and tolerance. (uchicago.edu)
  • Furthermore, post-transcriptional gene expression regulation by cellular and/or EBV-derived microRNAs has attracted considerable attention. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The mapping of a putative Chrna7 neuronal enhancer inside the deletion has significant implications for understanding the transcriptional regulation of this schizophrenia-susceptibility candidate gene. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The nodules resemble to some extent the GERMINAL CENTER of lymph node follicles and most likely represent neoplastic proliferation of lymph node-derived follicular center B-LYMPHOCYTES. (lookformedical.com)
  • Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) (see the image below) is a heterogeneous group of lymphoproliferative disorders characterized by localization of neoplastic T lymphocytes to the skin, with no evidence of extracutaneous disease at the time of diagnosis. (medscape.com)
  • Moreover, the breakpoint in the Ig gene to which MYC is transferred in eBL occurs at the V(D)J region, suggesting that translocation occurs during V(D)J recombination. (bmj.com)
  • B cell receptor light chain repertoires show signs of selection with differences between groups of healthy individuals and SLE patients. (uchicago.edu)
  • Indeed, for sever- with histopathological findings and ulin heavy chain promoter/enhancer. (who.int)
  • In this study, we define the deletion endpoints and examine the impact on expression of flanking genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Normal expression levels were found in TgPWS brain for genes extending 9.1- or 5.6-Mb centromeric or telomeric of the deletion, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Other than for the first gene promoters immediately outside the deletion, since genes extending 5.6-9.1 Mb away from each end of the deletion show normal expression levels in TgPWS brain, this indicates that the transgene array does not induce silencing and there are no additional linked rearrangements. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Deletion of either gene (GBAA0552 or GBAA1340) resulted in attenuation in a murine model of infection. (omictools.com)
  • or both chains is convergent selection in response to a common antigen. (elifesciences.org)
  • Here we present Genomicus, a new synteny browser that can represent and compare unlimited numbers of genomes in a broad phylogenetic view. (omictools.com)
  • Malignant lymphoma composed of large B lymphoid cells whose nuclear size can exceed normal macrophage nuclei, or more than twice the size of a normal lymphocyte. (lookformedical.com)
  • A form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma having a usually diffuse pattern with both small and medium lymphocytes and small cleaved cells. (lookformedical.com)
  • However, genes expressed early in development may preferentially retain histones. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • After fertilization, the sperm genome is rapidly stripped of protamines and most, but not all histones. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • That was the beginning of the epigenetic revolution [1] ( Epigenetic Inheritance - What Genes Remember , SiS 41). (i-sis.org.uk)
  • Global CpG island hypermethylation, which induces epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor genes, is also a unique feature of EBVaGC and is considered to be crucial for its carcinogenesis. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains connected by disulfide bonds . (wikipedia.org)
  • They have two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains connected by disulfide bonds into a basic "Y" shape ( Figure 1 4 .20 ). (oregonstate.education)
  • Schematic structure of an antibody: two heavy chains (blue, yellow) and the two light chains (green, pink). (wikipedia.org)
  • The genome of most cells of eukaryotes remains mainly constant during life. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, there are cases of genome being altered in specific cells or in different life cycle stages during development. (wikipedia.org)
  • In gastric carcinoma cells, EBV is not integrated into the host genome but maintained as a type of plasmid called an episome. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • immature cell is then subjected to negative selection to delete grouped based on their previously defined pheno- self-reactive cells before it leaves the BM to enter peripheral typic features, and a gene expression pattern for lymphoid organs, where it becomes a mature B cell [9]. (lu.se)
  • B lymphocyte development is a highly ordered process pro- expression analysis without the use of intermediate amplifica- ceeding from the progenitor cells in the bone marrow (BM) to tion steps. (lu.se)
  • It has been known for many years that the fundamental transforming event in BL is the translocation of the MYC gene, and the events that bring about this translocation and those that allow cells to survive with the constitutive expression of MYC have been the subject of intense investigation. (bmj.com)
  • Solitary or multiple benign cutaneous nodules comprised of immature and mature vascular structures intermingled with endothelial cells and a varied infiltrate of eosinophils, histiocytes, lymphocytes, and mast cells. (lookformedical.com)
  • 1) Estimation of the numbers of transduced progenitor cells by monitoring unique positions of integration of the therapeutic gene transfer vector. (europeanhealthjournal.com)
  • We treat acute myocardial infarction by targeting exogenous bone marrow-derived stem cells (expressing CD45) or endogenous CD34-positive cells to injured cardiomyocytes (expressing myosin light chain. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • This is achieved through the IMGT Scientific chart rules, based on the IMGT-ONTOLOGY axioms, and primarily CLASSIFICATION (IMGT gene and allele nomenclature) and NUMEROTATION (IMGT unique numbering and IMGT Colliers de Perles). (bvsalud.org)
  • The majority of mantle-cell lymphomas are associated with a t(11;14) translocation resulting in overexpression of the CYCLIN D1 gene (GENES, BCL-1). (lookformedical.com)
  • Inoculation with a high dose strains of LMP1 transgenic mice vide a powerful tool in mechanistic of EBV caused a B-cell lymphopro- were established that express LMP1 studies on the role of individual viral liferative disorder in these mice, under the control of the immunoglob- genes in cancer. (who.int)
  • Despite this growth, bioinformatic tools available to visualize and compare genomes and to infer evolutionary events remain restricted to two or three genomes at a time, thus limiting the breadth and the nature of the question that can be investigated. (omictools.com)
  • Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that showed evidence for divergent distribution between autistic and nonautistic subjects were identified, both within SLC25A12, a gene encoding the mitochondrial aspartate/glutamate carrier (AGC1). (neurotransmitter.net)
  • The protein encoded by this gene represents the beta subunit and is a type I membrane protein. (cancer-genetics.org)
  • They form two long heavy chains and two short light chains. (wikipedia.org)
  • Earlier studies suggested a primary B-lymphocyte defect as a cause of common variable immunodeficiency in a small group of patients. (medscape.com)