• 1987. A test for the role of natural selection in the stabilization of transposable element copy number in a population of Drosophila melanogaster. (wikipedia.org)
  • 1991. Chromosome rearrangement by ectopic recombination in drosophila melanogaster: genome structure and evolution. (wikipedia.org)
  • By spelling out protein-coding genes in the genome and comparing the house fly sequence to that of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster , the team has endeavored to unravel genetic factors coinciding with house fly features. (genomeweb.com)
  • Our previous studies showed that HEG drive was more difficult to achieve in Drosophila melanogaster than Anopheles gambiae and we therefore investigated ways of improving homing performance in Drosophila . (plos.org)
  • Chan Y-S, Huen DS, Glauert R, Whiteway E, Russell S (2013) Optimising Homing Endonuclease Gene Drive Performance in a Semi-Refractory Species: The Drosophila melanogaster Experience. (plos.org)
  • To understand this, a screen was carried out for signals that could identify circadian output circuits in Drosophila melanogaster. (sdbonline.org)
  • In the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster, hunger has a significant impact on its sensory systems and brain functions, and consequently modifies related behaviors. (sdbonline.org)
  • Studies carried out by scientists at IRIG, in collaboration with the University of Geneva, on the fruit fly model Drosophila melanogaster have revealed the role of Pcif1 in the control of gene expression, despite the fact that this protein has completely lost its RNA methyltransferase activity compared to its mammalian counterpart PCIF1. (cea.fr)
  • Only two Bcl-2 family genes have been found in Drosophila melanogaster including the pro-cell survival, human Bok-related orthologue, Buffy. (sdbonline.org)
  • 2/ Drosophila melanogaster as a model for the cellular immunology of phagocytes, and a tool for genome wide quantitative screens for the control of cytokine production by phagocytes. (cerclefser.org)
  • One way to judge the potential influence from the gypsy infectious capability in the evolutionary background of gypsy sequences from Drosophila , is certainly to investigate the infective capability of gypsy homologous sequences from types apart from D. melanogaster . (healthyguide.info)
  • Debate and Outcomes Sequences homologous to gypsy from D. melanogaster are distributed among Drosophila types. (healthyguide.info)
  • Furthermore, in D. melanogaster perform the gypsy components have an entire useful env gene [10]. (healthyguide.info)
  • Here, we identify two novel cGAS-like receptors (cGLRs) in the insect Drosophila melanogaster. (cnrs.fr)
  • 4. Graham PL, Yanowitz JL, Penn JK, Deshpande G, Schedl P. The translation initiation factor eIF4E regulates the sex-specific expression of the master switch gene Sxl in Drosophila melanogaster. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • As they reported online today in Genome Biology , the researchers pooled genomic DNA from half a dozen female house flies, using it as a template to generate sequence reads that were then assembled into a 691 million base M. domestica genome. (genomeweb.com)
  • Furthermore, we show that integration of two separate phylogenomic pipelines yields increased accuracy, suggesting that their sources of error are independent, and finally, we leverage the resulting annotation of homologous genes to study the functional impact of gene duplication and loss in the context of rich gene expression and functional genomic datasets of the modENCODE, mouse ENCODE, and human ENCODE projects. (biorxiv.org)
  • The very premise of using model organisms to inform human biology relies on the fact that many biological processes, and the underlying genomic elements that encode them, are frequently conserved across large evolutionary distances, especially for protein-coding genes. (biorxiv.org)
  • The most rigorous and general method for creating a comparative genomic mapping of functionally-equivalent genes across species is through the use of phylogenetics to infer evolutionary relationships. (biorxiv.org)
  • Caenorhabditis elegans is a powerful model for studying gene regulation, as it has a compact genome and a wealth of genomic tools. (umassmed.edu)
  • Finding protein-coding genes in eukaryotic genomic sequences with in-silico methods remains an important challenge in computational genomics, despite many years of intensive research work. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The second group of gene-finding methods, extrinsic methods, comprises all programs which use data other than the query genomic sequence. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A cross-species comparison of genomic sequences can help in predicting genes in the given query sequence. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However in recent years with the development of epigenesis, genomic imprinting and the horizontal transferences of the genes, Lamarck's ideas have resurfaced. (intechopen.com)
  • We are applying a variety of genomic methods to identifying putative virulence genes, including machine learning and phylogenetic correlated evolution methods. (drexel.edu)
  • The recent draft assembly of the human genome provides a unified basis for describing genomic structure and function. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The current coverage is, however, sufficient for the Human Genome Project to enter a new phase, in which the entire sequence can be analyzed to identify genes, regulatory regions and other genomic elements and structures. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Public attention surrounding completion of the draft human sequence has fostered the impression that we are entering a 'post-genomic' era, and that description of genes and their functions is straightforward. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The Genome Structure Function section of the Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences investigates the fundamentals of the active information database that is our genome, in normal and disease states. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • This not been done thoroughly at a genomic scale in any metazoan species, and we are using Poly-Ribo-Seq, our improvement of Ribosomal profiling that allows genome-wide identification of translated sequences, and proteomics. (cabd.es)
  • Our Drosophila gene targeting donor vectors are designed to achieve highly efficient delivery of exogenous donor templates at genomic sites of interest based on homologous recombination. (vectorbuilder.cn)
  • This produces a transgenic Drosophila embryo that will be receptive to φC31 integrase-mediated site-specific genomic recombination. (vectorbuilder.cn)
  • Our gene targeting donor vectors are designed to achieve highly efficient HDR-mediated insertion of reporters, fluorescent tags or other desired sequences at genomic target sites. (vectorbuilder.cn)
  • When symbolizing and naming novel genes and genomic features, it is important that these symbols and names be unique identifiers. (jax.org)
  • This highly sensitive phenotypic readout of enhancer function in a native genomic context reveals novel features of CRM function undetected by traditional reporter gene analysis. (elifesciences.org)
  • The Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 (SpCas9) nuclease can be efficiently targeted to genomic loci by means of singleguide RNAs (sgRNAs) to enable genome editing 1 - 10 . (cdc.gov)
  • these proteins are also important in regulating gene transcription. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In living organisms, gene expression is a complex process that results in the production of proteins from the genome in a time- and space-regulated manner. (cea.fr)
  • The four genes encode four of the five major third instar larval cuticle proteins. (caltech.edu)
  • Additionally, a Drosophila strain has been studied which fails to synthesize one of the cuticle proteins. (caltech.edu)
  • These results provide a mechanism by which Drosophila Bcl-2 family proteins can control apoptosis and shed light on a link between Rbf1 and mitochondrial dynamics, in vivo. (sdbonline.org)
  • 10% transformation frequency), which reside in genes undergoing strong diversifying selection that encode large membrane proteins, likely as an immune invasion tactic. (drexel.edu)
  • The infectious capability of gypsyDm is certainly from the expression of the retroviral envelope-like proteins encoded with the env gene [2]. (healthyguide.info)
  • Apart from D. guanche , the 5′ area from the env gene in every types examined may potentially produce a useful N-terminal area from the Env proteins. (healthyguide.info)
  • In the entire case of D. virilis and D. subobscura , it's been shown the fact that genomes of the types contain at least one duplicate of gypsy putatively encoding an entire envelope proteins [4]. (healthyguide.info)
  • However, most current approaches used for functional annotation simply focus on the use of protein-level information but ignore inter-relationships among annotations.Here, we established PFresGO, an attention-based deep-learning approach that incorporates hierarchical structures in Gene Ontology (GO) graphs and advances in natural language processing algorithms for the functional annotation of proteins. (giwebb.com)
  • Fluorescent reporter proteins in the Drosophila model system offer a degree of specificity that allows monitoring cellular and biochemical phenomena in vivo, such as autophagy, mitophagy, and changes in the redox state of cells. (intechopen.com)
  • The multifunctional regulator nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) is considered not only as a cytoprotective factor regulating the expression of genes coding for anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and detoxifying proteins, but it is also a powerful modulator of species longevity. (springer.com)
  • The major characteristics of Nrf2 are to some extent mimicked by Nrf2-dependent genes and their proteins including heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which besides removing toxic heme, produces biliverdin, iron ions and carbon monoxide. (springer.com)
  • Typical triploblastic animal mtDNAs contain genes that encode the large and small subunit ribosomal RNAs, 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), and 13 proteins that are all components of the oxidative phosphorylation process: ATPase subunits 6 and 8 (ATP6 and 8), cytochrome b (Cyt b), cytochrome c oxidase subunits 1-3 (Cox1-3) and NADH dehydrogenase subunits 1-6 and 4L (ND1-6 and 4L). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The 72-amino acid TEA DNA binding domains in mTEAD-2, 3, and 4 are approximately 99% homologous to the same domain in mTEAD-1, and all four proteins bind specifically to the same DNA sequences in vitro with a Kd value of 16-38 nM DNA. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • The gene encoding these proteins is FANCM . (medscape.com)
  • Ectopic recombination is an atypical form of recombination in which a crossing over takes place between two homologous DNA sequences located at non-allelic chromosomal positions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Neither does it require high levels of homology between sequences-the lower limit required for it to occur has been estimated at as low as 2.2 kb of homologous stretches of DNA nucleotides. (wikipedia.org)
  • In tobacco plant somatic cells, DNA double-strand break-induced recombination between ectopic homologous sequences appears to serve as a minor DNA repair pathway for double-strand breaks. (wikipedia.org)
  • Transposable elements-repetitious sequences of DNA that can insert themselves into any part of the genome-can encourage ectopic recombination at repeated homologous sequences of nucleotides. (wikipedia.org)
  • 1986. Meiotic gene conversion and crossing over between dispersed homologous sequences occurs frequently in saccharomyces cerevisiae. (wikipedia.org)
  • Genetics 135: 5-16 Puchta H. Double-strand break-induced recombination between ectopic homologous sequences in somatic plant cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Using these DNA and RNA sequences, the team put together - and annotated - a 691 million base assembly that spans more than three-quarters of the fly's complete genome sequence and contains an estimated 14,810 protein-coding genes. (genomeweb.com)
  • The house fly genome contained sequences for some 771 apparent immune-related genes, for example, including 355 that are not homologous to Drosophila immune genes. (genomeweb.com)
  • Burt proposed that such methods could be applied to engineer HEGs that recognise and cleave sequences within coding sequences of genes in insect genomes, with the subsequent invasion of these HEGs into a population leading to the inactivation of target genes and the subsequent decline in fitness of the targeted population [2] . (plos.org)
  • Some of the best available ab initio gene prediction programs have been extended and have become more accurate by exploiting additional extrinsic data sources such as protein or EST sequences [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The phylogenetic interactions among gypsy sequences from Drosophila types is not end up being often coincident with those of their hosts, that could end up being indicative of horizontal transfer during evolutionary background [6,7,9,10]. (healthyguide.info)
  • Gypsy sequences homologous to gypsyDm possess been discovered in a number of types of the Paleartic and Neartic subgroups, showing up being a monophyletic group that's diverged in the gypsyDm prototypic component [7 extremely,8]. (healthyguide.info)
  • This was achieved by looking genomes for the current presence of full-length env coding sequences and evaluating their efficiency. (healthyguide.info)
  • This is evident at the subfamily level comparisons since Ciona GPCR sequences are significantly analogous to vertebrate GPCR subfamilies even while exhibiting Ciona specific genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Finally, C) hundreds of thousands of intergenic smORFs appear in the genome as DNA sequences neither conserved nor transcribed, but resembling dwarf smORFs in the other aspects. (cabd.es)
  • In this genome-editing system, the Cas9 enzyme forms a complex with a guide RNA (gRNA), which provides targeting specificity through direct interaction with homologous 18-22 nt target sequences in the genome. (vectorbuilder.cn)
  • Cas9 screens the genome and cleaves within sequences complementary to the gRNA, provided they are immediately followed by the protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) NGG. (vectorbuilder.cn)
  • To facilitate mammalian genome engineering applications, we provide a web-based software tool to guide the selection and validation of target sequences as well as off-target analyses. (cdc.gov)
  • When a HEG is integrated into its recognition sequence in the genome, its protein product acts to cleave its cognate site on the homologous chromosome and gene conversion or homologous recombination can result in a new copy of the HEG being inserted. (plos.org)
  • In particular, HEG gene drive could be particularly effective if activity was restricted to the male germline to target genes required for female fertility/viability or engineered to destroy the X-chromosome by cutting at multiple X-specific sites [5] , [6] . (plos.org)
  • Recent studies indicate that CRISPR-induced DNA cuts may also result in the exchange of genetic information between homologous chromosome arms. (life-science-alliance.org)
  • Here, we show that in Drosophila , the detected Cas9-mediated editing events frequently resulted in germline-transmitted exchange of chromosome arms-often without indels. (life-science-alliance.org)
  • Thus two small gene families can lie adjacent on the chromosome and exhibit different patterns of developmental expression, even though individual genes within a clustered family are coordinately expressed. (caltech.edu)
  • We are now using advanced optical mapping technology to reproduce these maps in the absence of genetic variation, in order to disentangle the role of chromosome structure from the potential for genetic incompatibilities ("speciation genes") skewing our results. (drexel.edu)
  • As of late 2000, the public human sequence was primarily based on approximately 24,000 accessioned bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones covering 97% of the euchromatic portion of the genome [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The authors deliberately induced a single DSB in one of the homologous chromosomes in a diploid yeast strain and achieved homologous recombination-based "loss of heterozygosity" events within 20 kb of the target site. (life-science-alliance.org)
  • Here, we focus on trans interactions in Drosophila, where homologous chromosomes are paired in somatic cells from embryogenesis through adulthood. (umassmed.edu)
  • In agreement with these observations, the Pcif1 protein is distributed all along the polytene chromosomes at the level of active transcription sites and interferes with chromatin-dependent gene expression regulation. (cea.fr)
  • H. influenzae , like many other pathogens, is naturally competent, able to actively transport environmental DNA through its cell membranes and incorporate homologous molecules into its chromosomes. (drexel.edu)
  • Such a global approach had previously been described only for chromosomes 21 and 22, which together account for 2.2% of the genome. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Thirty percent of the genome is in finished form, including the entire sequence of chromosomes 21 and 22 [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The effects of these mutations unexpectedly suggested that pairs of chromosomes might be interacting to control the activity of this gene. (elifesciences.org)
  • Genome editing is achieved by precisely targeting the nuclease activity of a modified bacterial protein (Cas9) via a user-defined guide RNA to a specific DNA sequence ( 1 ). (life-science-alliance.org)
  • In addition, they play important roles in gene transcription (via activation of mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase pathways and, in higher eukaryotes, the transcription factor NFκB), generation of reactive oxygen species, apoptosis, and cell-cycle progression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In order to improve gene prediction, extrinsic evidence on the gene structure can be collected from various sources of information such as genome-genome comparisons and EST and protein alignments. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Tissue specificity of alternative splicing products of mouse mRNA encoding new protein hampin homologous to the Drosophila MSL-1 protein]. (nih.gov)
  • Researchers at IRIG, in collaboration with the University of Geneva, focused on a RNA mammalian methyltransferase, the PCIF1 protein (homologous to the Drosophila Pcif1 protein), which adds an extra methyl group to m 6 A (m 6 adenosine) to form m 6 Am when the first transcribed nucleotide is an adenosine. (cea.fr)
  • During evolution, this protein naturally lost its catalytic activity in Drosophila where Pcif1 is, like its human counterpart, expressed in the nucleus and associated with the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase (RNA Pol II). (cea.fr)
  • The work of the scientists shows that mutation of Pcif1 gene in Drosophila results in a deregulation of the expression of a set of genes, reduced body weight and a significant drop in fertility which indicates an important role for this protein in the physiology of the organism. (cea.fr)
  • The three genes are expressed together in larval stages and adults but show a different pattern of developmental expression from the third instar larval cuticle protein genes. (caltech.edu)
  • The Drosophila retinoblastoma protein, Rbf1, induces a debcl and drp1 -dependent mitochondrial apoptosis. (sdbonline.org)
  • Buffy often acts opposite to Debcl , the other Drosophila Bcl-2-family protein. (sdbonline.org)
  • The assembly provides simplified descriptions of the genome, as disparate data sources such as GenBank and numerous expressed sequence tag (EST) and protein databases are unified. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Hemotin encodes an 88aa peptide that we have shown to be translated by proteomics and Poly-Ribo-Seq, and identified it as homologous to stannin, a human and vertebrate protein with alpha-helix regions and uncertain function but involved in neurotoxicity. (cabd.es)
  • The number of mitochondrial protein genes is believed to vary from 3 to 67, while the tRNA gene content varies from 0 to 27 [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • gag gene encodes a capsid like protein. (sisef.it)
  • Relative to the fruit fly, the house fly genome contained far more repetitive sequence elements and copy number variants, the researchers noted, along with an especially robust representation of immune system components. (genomeweb.com)
  • The sequence data offered a peek at other fly features as well - from sex determination and sex-biased gene expression to house fly gene regulation. (genomeweb.com)
  • For any given set of species, gene families are created by first identifying all the genes in all species and then clustering them based on their sequence similarities. (biorxiv.org)
  • CRISPR-Cas9-based genome editing has transformed the life sciences, enabling virtually unlimited genetic manipulation of genomes: The RNA-guided Cas9 endonuclease cuts DNA at a specific target sequence and the resulting double-strand breaks are mended by one of the intrinsic cellular repair pathways. (life-science-alliance.org)
  • Sensitive probabilistic modeling of extrinsic evidence such as sequence database matches can increase gene prediction accuracy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Sequence comparisons indicate it arose by an unequal crossing over event involving two closely related and adjacent cuticle genes. (caltech.edu)
  • This family is comprised of three genes that are 55-60% homologous in DNA sequence and clustered within 8 kb of DNA. (caltech.edu)
  • In addition, initial sequence analysis reveals highly ordered chromosomal landscapes associated with paralogous gene clusters and distinct functional compartments. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The sequence of the human nuclear genome has been completed in draft form by an international public consortium consisting of 16 sequencing centers and associated computational facilities [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, reduction to a single consensus sequence permits placement of genes and other chromosomal structures in their proper positional context. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Recently, the consortium has distributed a working draft assembly of the entire genome that removes redundancies, orients sequence fragments and clearly indicates gaps arising from sequencing and assembly. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The proper copying and repair of DNA to maintain the correct sequence and structure of genomes is critical to the proper function of cells, and repair and replication is frequently disrupted in cancers and targeted by cancer treatments. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • The discovery of the antioxidant response element (ARE) have led to the conclusion that the battery of genes, including glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), thioredoxin reductase 1 (Txnrd1), NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1) is regulated through Nrf2 binding to this consensus binding sequence [ 3 ]. (springer.com)
  • This hypothesis could be tested by purifying the gau gene product and determining its sequence. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This was something that had not been seen before, which shows the advantage of editing a gene's regulatory sequence at its normal location within the genome. (elifesciences.org)
  • Genome organization involves cis and trans chromosomal interactions, both implicated in gene regulation, development, and disease. (umassmed.edu)
  • therefore, it is also important for gene regulation and DNA replication in A. thaliana as well as other organisms. (nature.com)
  • Data show that complete removal of paternally expressed gene 3 (PEG3) resulted in up-regulation of male-specific lethal 1 (Msl1) and male-specific lethal 3 (Msl3). (nih.gov)
  • The lack of catalytic activity of Pcif1 in Drosophila reveals a new mechanism of gene expression regulation. (cea.fr)
  • Within the genome, many processes occur almost simultaneously so that the regulation of possibly chaotic access is tightly controlled. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • encoded by Nfe2l2 gene) is a transcription factor responsible for the regulation of cellular redox balance and protective antioxidant and phase II detoxification responses in mammals [ 1 , 2 ]. (springer.com)
  • Regulation of gene expression at the beginning of mammalian development and the TEAD family of transcription factors. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • Their ability to move and/or replicate inside the genome is an important evolutionary force, responsible for the increase of genome size and the regulation of gene expression. (sisef.it)
  • We study a median of 16,101 genes across 2 mammalian genomes (human, mouse), 12 Drosophila genomes, 5 Caenorhabditis genomes, and an outgroup yeast genome, and demonstrate that accurate inference of evolutionary relationships and events across these species must account for frequent gene-tree topology errors due to both incomplete lineage sorting and insufficient phylogenetic signal. (biorxiv.org)
  • Motif enrichment in promoters of functionally related genes is consistent with known biology, and also identifies putative regulatory roles for unstudied TFs. (umassmed.edu)
  • We have identified 169 gene products in the Ciona genome that code for putative GPCRs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This putative gene has been named gau for g ene a ntisense u biquitous in mtDNAs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In view to find putative mitochondrial genes in alternative reading frames on both coding and "presupposed" non-coding strands, numerous complete mtDNA genomes have been analyzed. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here, we present a phylogenomics-based approach for the identification of orthologous and paralogous genes in human, mouse, fly, and worm, which forms the foundation of the comparative analyses of the modENCODE and mouse ENCODE projects. (biorxiv.org)
  • This need is further intensified by the human ENCODE (ENCyclopedia Of DNA Elements), mouse ENCODE, and modENCODE (model organism ENCODE) projects, to enable systematic use of the results and to further studies of functional conservation and divergence across the human, mouse, fly, and worm genomes. (biorxiv.org)
  • Two such genes in Drosophila encode the enzymes dopa decarboxylase (Ddc) and tyrosine hydroxylase (ple) . (sdbonline.org)
  • Despite a disparity in gene content, all mtDNAs encode at least two components of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, including cytochrome c oxidase I (Cox1). (biomedcentral.com)
  • In some mtDNAs (e.g., nematodes and annelids), all genes are transcribed in the same direction, whereas, in others, both strands encode genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • CRISPR-Cas9-based genome editing has revolutionized genetic research, triggering the development of a plethora of technologies and applications that provide unprecedented control over genes in a growing list of model species ( 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ). (life-science-alliance.org)
  • Cas9-guide RNA complexes are also effective genome engineering agents in animals and plants. (nature.com)
  • RNA-guided human genome engineering via Cas9. (nature.com)
  • Genome engineering of Drosophila with the CRISPR RNA-guided Cas9 nuclease. (nature.com)
  • Here by using CRISPR/Cas9 and electrophysiological techniques we found that courtship and mating behaviors are regulated in male silk moths by mutating genes in the sex determination cascade belonging to two conserved pathways. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • The clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 system has greatly facilitated inactivation of genes in vitro and in vivo in a wide range of organisms. (vectorbuilder.cn)
  • Hybridization of the gRNA to the target site localizes Cas9, which then cuts the target site in the genome. (vectorbuilder.cn)
  • Homologous recombination is an essential pathway for DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair introduced by Cas9. (vectorbuilder.cn)
  • Efficient HDR targeting also requires the DSB introduced by Cas9 to be located within proximity of the target site of insertion, ideally within 10-15 bp of the homologous arms. (vectorbuilder.cn)
  • Here, we employ diverse CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing tools to generate a series of targeted lesions within the endogenous cis-regulatory module (CRM) required for kni expression in the L2 vein primordium. (elifesciences.org)
  • In 2015, researchers reported that they had used components of the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system to edit genes so that they could propagate in a "Super-Mendelian" fashion. (elifesciences.org)
  • In particular, because aphids possess many genes that are absent from Drosophila and other holometabolous insect taxa, aphid genome annotation efforts cannot rely entirely on homology to the best-studied insect systems. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Finally, these annotation data were synthesized to produce observations of gene density and number that accord well with historical estimates. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, the challenges in genome annotation remain daunting [ 10 ], and the research community can anticipate years of additional work and manual curation to produce a true gene map of high quality. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Functional annotation of the genome is primarily hampered by the lack of a unified transcript index. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Whithout mutations we would know very little about inheritance and the existence of genes. (intechopen.com)
  • One-step generation of mice carrying mutations in multiple genes by CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome engineering. (nature.com)
  • We are investigating the impact of specific classes of gene mutations, such as ATM, BRCA1, and MYBL2 on genome integrity. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • For complete details and additional special case rules, see Guidelines for Nomenclature of Genes, Genetic Markers, Alleles, and Mutations in Mouse and Rat . (jax.org)
  • used genome editing to make mutations in a stretch of DNA that regulates the gene involved in wing vein formation. (elifesciences.org)
  • The BLM mutations can be found in compound heterozygous forms, homozygous forms, or as single gene mutation forms. (medscape.com)
  • Over 60 mutations of the BLM gene have been found in Bloom syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • GPCR based signal transduction is ubiquitous in eukaryotic genomes and forms the basis of detection of diverse environmental cues such as odorant molecules, amines, peptides, lipids, nucleotides and photons. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Both LINEs and SINEs elements, despite the differences in structure and transposition mechanisms ( [44] ), are ubiquitous components of eukaryotic genomes, playing a major role in their evolution. (sisef.it)
  • It is therefore clear that retrotransposable elements build large parts of eukaryotic genomes ( [40] ). (sisef.it)
  • Furthermore, AtRAD54, which performs an important role in the homologous recombination repair pathway, was involved in the pairing of homologous loci with γ-irradiation. (nature.com)
  • [ 7 , 8 ] Sister chromatid exchanges are considered a sensitive indicator for cell genome instability, as they are thought to be the outcome of DNA double-strand breaks resulting from homologous recombination repair. (medscape.com)
  • We found that AtRAD54, which performs an important role in the homologous recombination (HR) repair pathway, was involved in the approach of two homologous loci under γ-irradiation. (nature.com)
  • Our results suggest that the transient reduction in inter-allelic distance and increase in pairing frequency of homologous loci after DSB result in partial chromatin reorganisation of interphase nuclei and that AtRAD54 contributes to the subcellular movement of homologous loci in the HR repair pathway. (nature.com)
  • Thus, these results reveal that hunger induces reduction of responses to noxious heat through the Lk/Lkr signaling pathway in Drosophila. (sdbonline.org)
  • Toll pathway modulates TNF-induced JNK-dependent cell death in Drosophila . (sdbonline.org)
  • To identify novel regulators of JNK-dependent cell death, this study performed a dominant-modifier screen in Drosophila and found that the Toll pathway participates in JNK-mediated cell death. (sdbonline.org)
  • This paper explores the involvement of the Toll/NF-kappaB pathway in the localized activation of wound repair genes around epidermal breaks. (sdbonline.org)
  • This pathway, called "natural transformation," is a major mechanism of gene transfer across bacteria and has a profound effect on genome evolution, including spreading antibiotic resistances and other virulence determinants. (drexel.edu)
  • The mitochondrial gene content is highly variable across eukaryotes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The Rhodopsin family accounts for ~68% of the Ciona GPCR repertoire wherein the LGR-like subfamily exhibits a lineage specific gene expansion of a group of receptors that possess a novel domain organisation hitherto unobserved in metazoan genomes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The directed expression of Buffy in the dopamine producing neurons, via aDdc-Gal4 transgene, resulted in flies with increased climbing ability and enhanced survival, while the inhibition of Buffy in the dopaminergic neurons reduced climbing ability over time prematurely, similar to the phenotype observed in the alpha-synuclein-induced Drosophila model of PD. (sdbonline.org)
  • The Brachyury gene is named for its phenotype, which was identified 70 years ago as a mutant mouse strain with a short blunted tail. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2010) and that knocking out TDP1 results in a neurological phenotype in drosophila (Guo et al Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2014). (cancer.gov)
  • To inform each other and human, model organism studies require a complete map of functionally-equivalent genes and processes across species, in order to facilitate mapping of biological and experimental findings across species, but such maps are extremely difficult to obtain experimentally. (biorxiv.org)
  • We report here a functionally annotated human gene index placed directly on the genome. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The three define an ancient gene family and their peptides are structurally and functionally homologous. (cabd.es)
  • Contrary to expectations, a fragment containing the entire region between the TBPH gene and the bgcn translational start drove strong HEG expression only during late spermatogenesis rather than in the germline stem cells and spermatogonia as expected. (plos.org)
  • 5. Hashiyama K, Hayashi Y, Kobayashi S. Drosophila Sex lethal gene initiates female development in germline progenitors. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • The realisation of robust gene drive strategies in vertebrate pests has the potential to revolutionise biocontrol. (mdpi.com)
  • The genome of the protochordate Ciona intestinalis has a compact size with an ancestral complement of many diversified gene families of vertebrates and is a good model system for studying protochordate to vertebrate diversification. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Phylogenetic analyses reveal that Ciona GPCRs have homologous representatives from the five major GRAFS ( Glutamate, Rhodopsin, Adhesion, Frizzled and Secretin ) families concomitant with other vertebrate GPCR repertoires. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Nearly 39% of Ciona GPCRs have unambiguous orthologs of vertebrate GPCR families, as defined for the human, mouse, puffer fish and chicken genomes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our studies suggest that the ascidians contain the basic ancestral complement of vertebrate GPCR genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We showed that sarcolamban, encoding two smORFs of 28 and 29aa, is the true homologue of the vertebrate genes sarcolipin and phospholamban. (cabd.es)
  • For orthologous genes in other vertebrate species, use the same symbol as in human, rat, and mouse, whenever possible. (jax.org)
  • Dr. Pommier discovered the 6th vertebrate topoisomerase gene, TOP1MT (Zhang et al. (cancer.gov)
  • NEW YORK (GenomeWeb) - A Cornell University-led team has sequenced and started analyzing the genome of the domestic house fly, Musca domestica , in the hopes of detecting genetic clues for dealing with the pest and pathogens it carries. (genomeweb.com)
  • The house fly genome provides a rich resource for enabling work on innovative methods of insect control, for understanding the mechanisms of insecticide resistance, and genetic adaptation to high pathogen loads, and for exploring the basic biology of this important pest," corresponding author Jeffrey Scott, an entomology researcher at Cornell University, and his colleagues wrote. (genomeweb.com)
  • The homing endonuclease (HEG) gene drive system is one proposed genetic strategy [2] . (plos.org)
  • CRISPR systems allow us to edit, engineer, or regulate genomes, hold great promise for clinical applications, and are likely to be used to treat diseases with genetic underpinnings, including cancer ( 9 , 10 ). (life-science-alliance.org)
  • Although the notion that malaria has helped shape the human genome is well- accepted, the lack of a nucleus in human erythrocytes has hindered our ability to study genetic interactions between these unusual host cells and P. falciparum parasites. (stanford.edu)
  • We describe numerous global features of the genome and examine the relationship of various genetic maps with the assembly. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Moreover, this strengthens evidence for mitochondrial genes coded according to an overlapping genetic code. (biomedcentral.com)
  • including the two researchers involved in the 2015 work - have used a new active genetic element called a CopyCat element and more traditional genome editing to analyze the control of a gene that coordinates the formation of a simple structure in a fruit fly - a vein in the wing. (elifesciences.org)
  • Retrotransposable elements are important and peculiar genetic components derived from ancient retrovirus insertion inside plants genome. (sisef.it)
  • Transposable elements (TEs) are ancient (retro)-virus insertions inside a host genome and are peculiar mobile genetic elements accounting for a large proportion of repetitive DNA regions ( [29] ). (sisef.it)
  • Homing endonuclease gene (HEG) drive is a promising insect population control technique that employs meganucleases to impair the fitness of pest populations. (plos.org)
  • The workflow proposed can potentially enable all basic molecular biology laboratories to perform detailed targeted gene sequencing analysis in AML patients, in order to define the prognosis and the treatment. (mdpi.com)
  • Model organisms can serve the biological and medical community by enabling the study of conserved gene families and pathways in experimentally-tractable systems. (biorxiv.org)
  • In the present study we take a metagenomic approach [ 20 ] to examining transcriptional responses to heat shock in a host/symbiont system, using pooled RNA samples and a microarray containing gene sets from both organisms. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These include providing new ways to explore how genes control the formation and activity of different organisms. (elifesciences.org)
  • This segment lies at chromosomal location 44D and contains two small gene families. (caltech.edu)
  • We have generated high-resolution genome-wide maps of transformation, finding massive variation in rates at different chromosomal loci. (drexel.edu)
  • We also observed that the fraction of targets undergoing homing was temperature-sensitive, falling nearly four-fold when the temperature was lowered to 18°C. Taken together, this study demonstrates how a few simple measures can lead to substantial improvements in the HEG-based gene drive strategy and reinforce the idea that the HEG approach may be widely applicable to a variety of insect control programs. (plos.org)
  • We examined gene expression under heat shock of an insect and its bacterial symbiont in a single assay using a dual-genome microarray. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Nrf2 stabilization and increase in its half-life even to 200 min [ 9 ] allows nuclear translocation and activation of transcription of cytoprotective genes (Fig. 1 ). (springer.com)
  • These subcellular organelles contain a genome that differs from the nuclear genome and is referred to as mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). (biomedcentral.com)
  • In vertebrates, several stop codons have been found in the mt gau region, and potentially functional gau regions have been found in nuclear genomes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • J Biol Chem 2012), both in the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes (Das et al. (cancer.gov)
  • Techniques for engineering HEG target specificity have recently been developed for gene therapy [3] , [4] . (plos.org)
  • We also found that DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) induce the approach of the homologous loci with γ-irradiation. (nature.com)
  • Moreover, the distance between two homologous loci in the interphase nucleus was shortened by γ-irradiation, which induces DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). (nature.com)
  • Double strand breaks are then repaired via homologous recombination or non-homologous end-joining, resulting in indels (insertion or deletion of bases in the genome) of variable length. (vectorbuilder.cn)
  • We show that homing in Drosophila responds to increased expression of HEGs specifically during the spermatogonia stage and this could be achieved through improved construct design. (plos.org)
  • We have used a single microarray to examine gene expression in the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum , and its resident Buchnera . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Very little is known of gene expression in aphids, few studies have examined gene expression in Buchnera , and no study has examined simultaneously the expression profiles of a host and its symbiont. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Expression profiling of aphids, in studies such as this, will be critical for assigning newly discovered A. pisum genes to functional roles. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Development of this dual-genome array represents a first attempt to characterize gene expression in this emerging model system. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Currently, little is known about gene expression in this newly emerging model organism. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study highlights an important contribution for Pcif1 in gene expression and physiology of the organism independently of any catalytic activity. (cea.fr)
  • In mice, mutation of PCIF1 encoding gene causes deregulation of the expression of a set of genes and a reduced body weight. (cea.fr)
  • The directed expression of alpha-synuclein , a gene contributing to inherited forms of Parkinson disease (PD), in the dopaminergic neurons (DA) of flies provides a robust model of PD complete with the loss of neurons and accompanying motor defects. (sdbonline.org)
  • To alter the expression of Buffy in the dopaminergic neurons of Drosophila. (sdbonline.org)
  • Subsequently, the expression of Buffy was altered in the alpha-synuclein-induced Drosophila model of PD. (sdbonline.org)
  • Transcriptome data from public databases, such as the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases, suggested that ANP32A, ANP32B, and ANP32E were upregulated in HCC tissues, and high expression of ANP32 family members was associated with advanced pathologic stage and histologic grade. (bvsalud.org)
  • Loss of Bmdsx gene expression significantly reduced the peripheral perception of the major pheromone component bombykol by reducing expression of the product of the BmOR1 gene which completely blocked courtship in adult males. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • Thus, the onset of zygotic gene expression (ZGE) is regulated at the level of both transcription and translation. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • This usually begins by first establishing a set of gene families and then studying fine-scale evolutionary events within them. (biorxiv.org)
  • Sexual back talk with evolutionary implications: stimulation of the Drosophila sex-determination gene sex-lethal by its target transformer. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • Since Rcd-1 is a regulator of differentiation in other species, it suggests that Rcd-1r may serve a similar role during spermatogonial differentiation in Drosophila . (plos.org)
  • Once gene families are established, they immediately imply a coarse mapping between the genes of different species. (biorxiv.org)
  • The analysis demonstrated the presence of multiple copies of retrotransposable elements inside the genome of beech, in accordance with the viral quasi-species theory of retrotransposon evolution. (sisef.it)
  • Here, we show that a group of neurons in the Drosophila larval brain expresses the adiponectin receptor (AdipoR) and controls systemic growth and metabolism through insulin signaling. (cnrs.fr)
  • It is concluded that the inhibition of Buffy in DA neurons produces a novel model of PD in Drosophila. (sdbonline.org)
  • ABSTRACT {Promoters are DNA regions that initiate the transcription of specific genes near the transcription start sites. (giwebb.com)
  • 3. Gempe T, Beye M. Function and evolution of sex determination mechanisms, genes and pathways in insects. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • The inhibition of porin under the control of neuronal Ddc-Gal4 result in short lifespan and in an age-dependent loss in locomotor function, phenotypes that are strongly associated with Drosophila models of Parkinson disease . (sdbonline.org)
  • These genes were uncovered on the basis of similarity to the DNA binding domain [ ( PUBMED:9504043 ) ] of Mus musculus (Mouse) Brachyury (T) gene product, which similarity is the defining feature of the family. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • This study demonstrates that debcl and the pro-fission gene drp1 are necessary downstream of buffy to trigger a mitochondrial fragmentation during rbf1 -induced apoptosis. (sdbonline.org)
  • Studies of the gau ORF will shed light on the origin of novel genes and their functions in organelles and could also have medical implications for human diseases that are caused by mitochondrial dysfunction. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The mitochondrial genes are arranged compactly and generally have no introns and few intergenic nucleotides. (biomedcentral.com)
  • He discovered the indenoisoquinolines as novel Top1 inhibitors, which are in clinical development, and the mitochondrial topoisomerase gene, TOP1mt. (cancer.gov)
  • 2003. Size matters: non-LTR retrotransposable elements and ectopic recombination in drosophila. (wikipedia.org)
  • The identification of retrotransposable elements in forest trees represents an important step toward the understanding of mechanisms of genome evolution. (sisef.it)
  • We revealed that the homologous loci kept a constant three-dimensional distance in the nucleus using live-cell imaging with a bacterial operator/repressor system. (nature.com)
  • While each DNA blueprint, or gene, encodes for a different machine or structure, the genome, the collection of DNA wrapped up inside the nucleus, is much more active than a quiet library of neatly stacked blue-prints. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • We have developed a novel method for mapping genes in bacteria, exploiting natural transformation in combination with genome-wide deep sequencing. (drexel.edu)
  • In several ongoing collaborations, we are investigating how the genomes of bacteria isolated from patients with chronic infections change over time. (drexel.edu)
  • Effective promoter recognition is essential for synthesizing the gene-encoded products by bacteria to grow and adapt to different environmental conditions. (giwebb.com)
  • It was revealed that homologous loci kept a constant distance in nuclei of A. thaliana roots in general growth. (nature.com)
  • These results suggest that homologous loci approach each other to repair DSBs and AtRAD54 mediates these phenomena. (nature.com)
  • Here, we examined chromatin dynamics and arrangement in living roots of A. thaliana with DNA damage, focusing our attention on the distance between homologous loci using the lacO /LacI-EGFP system. (nature.com)
  • Additionally, analyses of aphid transcripts showed the expected response for homologs of known heat shock genes as well as responses for several genes with unknown functional roles. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Further, our results indicate that microarrays are a useful tool for inferring functional roles of genes in A. pisum and other insects and suggest that the pea aphid genome may contain many gene paralogs that are differentially regulated. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) and immunofluorescence staining has been mainly used to analyse the gene localization and chromatin distribution in nuclei of A. thaliana . (nature.com)
  • 3. How do bacterial genomes change during the course of chronic infections? (drexel.edu)
  • We recently discovered new ways the BRCA1 gene functions which could help expand our understanding of the development of ovarian and breast cancers. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • Newer work is using the same approach to map the genes responsible for natural variation in other pathogenesis traits, including resistance to human complement-mediated killing, as well as investigating the possibility of identifying genes involved in in vivo pathogenesis in an animal model of otitis media. (drexel.edu)
  • RNA-programmed genome editing in human cells. (nature.com)
  • These cuticle genes are coordinately expressed in the integument of third instar larvae, and they are not abundantly expressed in other developmental stages. (caltech.edu)
  • For example, the M. domestica genome housed almost 150 cytochrome P450 enzyme-coding genes, consistent with a potentially bolstered detoxification system in the house fly. (genomeweb.com)
  • The team also found 146 different P450 cytochrome genes, along with genes coding for several other enzymes participating in metabolic processes that break down and detoxify drugs and other potentially dangerous compounds. (genomeweb.com)