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Chromosome SegregationChromosomesChromosome MappingKinetochoresMitosisGenomeSpindle ApparatusCentromereChromosomes, FungalMeiosisChromosomal Proteins, Non-HistoneChromosomes, BacterialX ChromosomeGenome, BacterialCell Cycle ProteinsAurora KinasesAnaphaseChromosome BandingChromosomes, HumanChromosome PairingChromatidsChromosome AberrationsGenome, ViralSex ChromosomesMetaphaseMutationMicrotubulesChromosomes, Human, Pair 1AneuploidyAurora Kinase BNondisjunction, GeneticMolecular Sequence DataChromosomes, PlantBase SequenceGenome, HumanSchizosaccharomycesGenome, PlantRecombination, GeneticSaccharomyces cerevisiae ProteinsChromosome DeletionSchizosaccharomyces pombe ProteinsSaccharomyces cerevisiaeChromosomes, Human, Pair 7Chromosomes, MammalianChromosomes, Human, Pair 11Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17Mad2 ProteinsChromosomes, Human, Pair 6In Situ Hybridization, FluorescenceChromosomes, Human, Pair 21Nuclear ProteinsChromosomes, Human, Pair 9M Phase Cell Cycle CheckpointsChromosomes, Human, 6-12 and XChromosomes, Artificial, BacterialProtein-Serine-Threonine KinasesChromosomal InstabilityCentrosomeAmino Acid SequencePhenotypeGenetic LinkageSeparaseMicrotubule-Associated ProteinsChromosomes, Human, Pair 13Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2KaryotypingSequence Analysis, DNAChromosomes, Human, Pair 16Chromosome PositioningCytokinesisGenetic MarkersModels, GeneticGenome, FungalKinesinChromosome StructuresChromosomes, Human, Pair 10Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4Chromosomes, Human, YChromosomes, Human, Pair 19Chromosomes, Human, XChromosomes, Human, Pair 8Chromosome PaintingChromosome DisordersProphaseChromosomes, Human, 1-3Fungal ProteinsChromosomes, Human, Pair 5Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12DNA-Binding ProteinsPhylogenyDNA ReplicationEvolution, MolecularGenome, MitochondrialChromosomes, Human, Pair 15Cell CycleChromosomes, InsectChromosomes, Human, Pair 14PrometaphaseCrosses, Genetic
CondensationMutationsCentromeresMitosisMeiosisGenesRecombinationProteinsStabilityHuman genomeCentromereChromosomalCohesionWhole genomeInstabilityNuclearEukaryotic genomesCircular chromosomesMeioticBehaviorDynamicsGenomicSpindle assemblyCytokinesisKaryotypeCentromericInterphaseFission yeastSpeciesFaithfulCentrosomesEukaryotesHeredityIntegrityGene regulationCondensinProcessesMutationMitochondrialMicrotubulesGenetic materialSegregateMechanismsComplexesStructuralPoorly understoodGeneticsOrganismsNucleosomesDrosophilaPolycombSpatiallyEpigenomesCell divisionFragmentsEmbryonicEncodesRegulationDuplication
Condensation7
  • In addition, they are investigating how cell cycle-regulation of chromatin proteins helps to coordinate the condensation of chromosomes with their segregation during mitosis. (umassmed.edu)
  • Genome condensation and packaging are essential processes in the life cycle of viruses. (mdpi.com)
  • Mitotic chromosome condensation is a prerequisite for the accurate segregation of chromosomes during cell division, and the conserved condensin complex a central player of this process. (ens-lyon.fr)
  • To gaininsight into the mechanisms of condensin binding and mitotic chromosome condensation, we searched for factors that collaborate with condensin through a synthetic lethal genetic screen in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. (ens-lyon.fr)
  • We isolated novel mutations affecting condensin, as well as mutations in four genes not previously implicated in mitotic chromosome condensation in fission yeast. (ens-lyon.fr)
  • These mutations cause chromosome segregation defects similar to those provoked by defects in condensation. (ens-lyon.fr)
  • Our results therefore provide strong additional evidence for a functional connection between chromosome condensation and transcription. (ens-lyon.fr)
Mutations8
  • Within this portion of the genome, 64 discrepancies were flagged as potential homozygous mutations and 82 were flagged as potential heterozygous mutations. (nih.gov)
  • Genetic mapping by bulk segregation analysis excluded all mutations but this one as the cause of renal disease in Aoba mice. (nih.gov)
  • Our study demonstrates the speed and utility of whole genome sequencing coupled with low resolution meiotic mapping as a means of identifying causative mutations induced by ENU. (nih.gov)
  • During tumor growth, normal cellular pathways that prevent growth and protect genome integrity are often blocked due to mutations. (umassmed.edu)
  • Mutations that disrupt centromere integrity or reduce homology between X- and Y-linked PARs can lead to chromosome segregation errors and constitute important genetic mechanisms for cancer, cellular senescence, and infertility. (jax.org)
  • Mutations in the translesion synthesis polymerase polh-1 act synergistically with smc-5 mutations in provoking genome instability after UV-induced DNA damage. (uni-koeln.de)
  • Fitzgerald-Hayes.Mutations from inside the CEN3 trigger aberrant chromosome segregation duringmeiosis during the Saccharomycescerevisiae.Genetics -489 (1989). (realprowa.com)
  • Mutations in SMC1A (structural maintenance of chromosomes 1A) the gene, localized on Xp11.2, were found to be responsible for the CDLS phenotype in 3 affected male siblings and in 1 sporadic case. (medscape.com)
Centromeres13
  • Microtubules project from opposite ends of the cell, attach to the centromeres, and align the chromosomes centrally within the cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • Centromeres and pseudoautosomal regions (PARs) are highly specialized chromatin domains that are indispensable for proper chromosome segregation. (jax.org)
  • Centromeres provide chromosomal points of attachment to the cellular segregation machinery, linking chromosomes to the proteins that pull them to the cell poles during both somatic and germline cell divisions. (jax.org)
  • Despite their fundamental significance for chromosome transmission and genome stability, little is known about the levels and patterns of genetic diversity across centromeres and the PAR, or the biological impacts of this variation. (jax.org)
  • The highly repetitive sequence content of these regions poses a major barrier to their molecular analysis, and the PAR and centromeres remain unassembled or incompletely assembled on many of highest quality reference genomes, including mouse. (jax.org)
  • nature structural & molecular biology Abstract In the early stages of mitosis, cohesin is released from chromosome arms but not from centromeres. (cbinsights.com)
  • Cohesion at centromeres is protected by Shugoshin (SGO1) 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , giving rise to the typical X-shaped structure of human chromosomes. (cbinsights.com)
  • A study published Thursday in the journal Science Advances sheds light on large chunks of genomic black holes by revealing the sequences of many human centromeres, the middle regions of our chromosomes essential for cell division. (fredhutch.org)
  • Centromeres are indispensable guideposts when cells split in two, providing an anchor point for cellular machinery to attach and pull as chromosomes duplicate and then segregate, one copy to each new cell. (fredhutch.org)
  • Recent studies have revealed that variants of histone H2A and histone H3 play important roles not only in gene expression but also in the repair of DNA breaks and the assembly of chromosome centromeres. (sdbonline.org)
  • Centromeres are genomic regions essential for proper chromosome segregation during cell division. (rochester.edu)
  • Centromeres are central to chromosome segregation and genome stability, and thus their molecular foundations are important for understanding their function and the ways in which they go awry. (duke.edu)
  • Consequently, it has been difficult to achieve genome assemblies at centromeres using traditional next generation sequencing approaches, so that centromeres represent gaps in the current human genome assembly. (duke.edu)
Mitosis13
Meiosis9
  • In normal conventional meiosis, the first meiotic division is reductional, resulting in segregation of chromosomal homologs, whereas the second meiotic division is equational, resulting in separation of sister chromatids. (frontiersin.org)
  • The Forsburg lab uses a mixture of classical genetics, molecular biology, and state-of-the-art microscopy to investigate how defects in replication contribute to genome instability during normal cell growth and during the differentiation process of meiosis. (usc.edu)
  • During meiosis, the number of chromosomes in the parent cell is reduced by half: a cell with 46 chromosomes produces four gametes, each containing just 23 chromosomes, one from each pair. (eogn.com)
  • Geneticcontrolof chromosome synapsis when you look at the yeast meiosis. (realprowa.com)
  • Mules, hinnies, and other normally sterile interspecific hybrids cannot produce viable gametes because the extra chromosome cannot make a homologous pair at meiosis , meiosis is disrupted, and viable sperm and eggs are not formed. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Result] 1)The meiosis of pollen mother cells of C. cathayensis was divided into two stages, the chromosome number of daughter cells was reduced by half during the first division and not changed again during the second division. (linyekexue.net)
  • 4) The karyotype of C. cathyensis belongs to a symmetrical type with the chromosome number of 2 n =32 and paired as 16 bivalents at meiosis metaphaseⅠ, thus it is a diploid species. (linyekexue.net)
  • Accurate chromosome segregation during meiosis is crucial for reproduction. (bvsalud.org)
  • Together, our data establish a crucial role for chromosome clustering in accurate progression through meiosis. (bvsalud.org)
Genes16
  • Fission yeast is a single-celled organism with chromosomes very similar to those in humans, and uses the same genes to maintain those chromosomes. (usc.edu)
  • The Green lab developed a genome-wide RNA interference (RNAi) screening strategy that enables the discovery of new genes that regulate metastasis. (umassmed.edu)
  • These 'genome projects' have shown that although humans may have a much bigger genome than less complex organisms, we do not have that many more protein coding genes. (epigenome-noe.net)
  • For example, the 140 million base pair (Mb) long genome of the fruit fly contains ~17,000 genes. (epigenome-noe.net)
  • The human genome is 21x larger (3000Mb), but still contains only ~ 40,000 genes. (epigenome-noe.net)
  • Swr1 is required for the deposition of histone H2AZ at specific chromosome locations in vivo, and Swr1 and H2AZ commonly regulate a subset of yeast genes. (sdbonline.org)
  • Using a combination of miRNA hairpin predictions and co-mapping with miRBase entries, we identified a highly conserved cluster of miRNA genes on the X chromosome in the tammar and a total of 94 other predicted miRNA producing genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mapping all miRNAs to the tammar genome and comparing target genes among tammar, mouse and human, we identified 163 conserved target genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The characterization of new miRNA target genes and a unique profile for crasiRNAs has allowed for insight into multiple RNA mediated processes in the tammar, including gene regulation, species incompatibilities, centromere and chromosome function. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Recent genome-wide binding studies showingthat in most species condensin is enriched near highly expressed genes suggest aconserved link between condensin occupancy and high transcription rates. (ens-lyon.fr)
  • Until recently, little was known about the organisation of the genome at the scale of single genes. (cam.ac.uk)
  • The heritable instructions for constructing an organism, or genes, are encoded in DNA and the whole set of instructions is called the genome. (carnivorousplants.org)
  • We have a genome of instructions or genes that are like the instruction manual to build an organism and the epigenome which determines which instructions are used and when. (carnivorousplants.org)
  • Following this, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were included in Gene Ontology enrichment, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway, protein‑protein interaction network and survival analyses. (cancerindex.org)
  • The identified DEGs included 20 downregulated genes and 51 upregulated genes, which were highly associated with the cell cycle, organelle fission, chromosome segregation, cell division and spindle stability. (cancerindex.org)
  • Genetic studies have revealed that genes of this pathway, whose fundamental role is in chromosomal cohesion and coordinated segregation of sister chromatids, are also involved in gene regulation during development. (medscape.com)
Recombination14
  • The encoded protein is part of the structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) 5/6 complex which plays a key role genome maintenance, facilitating chromosome segregation and suppressing mitotic recombination. (nih.gov)
  • Thanks to the randomness of chromosome segregation and a process called recombination, siblings' genomes are not always 50 percent the same. (eogn.com)
  • Intergenerational DNA transmission is shaped by the fundamental processes of chromosome segregation, recombination, and de novo mutation. (jax.org)
  • The PAR is a region of conserved sequence identity between the X and Y chromosomes over which the meiotic program of pairing, synapsis, and recombination unfolds to ensure correct sex chromosome segregation. (jax.org)
  • My research aims to understand the causes and consequences of variation in the mechanisms that govern DNA inheritance: chromosome segregation, recombination, and de novo mutation. (jax.org)
  • The structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) proteins form distinct complexes that maintain genome stability during chromosome segregation, homologous recombination, and DNA replication. (uni-koeln.de)
  • Our data suggest that BRC-1/BRD-1 can both promote and antagonize genome stability depending on whether homologous recombination is initiated during DNA double-strand break repair or during replication stalling. (uni-koeln.de)
  • Any number of homologous recombination events between linear homologous chromosomes generates linear products that have the same overall structure as their parents. (gla.ac.uk)
  • In Escherichia coli and related bacteria, we believe that both plasmids and the bacterial chromosome use site-specific recombination to convert multimers to monomers. (gla.ac.uk)
  • The replication terminus region of the E. coli chromosome encodes a locus, dif, that is required for normal chromosome segregation at cell division, dif is a substrate for site-specific recombination catalysed by the related chromosomally encoded recombinases XerC and XerD. (gla.ac.uk)
  • It has been proposed that this recombination converts chromosome multimers formed by homologous recombination back to monomers in order that they can be segregated prior to cell division. (gla.ac.uk)
  • It is shown that the only DNA sequences required for wild-type dif function in the terminus region of the chromosome are contained within 33 bp known to bind XerC and XerD, and that certain active site residues of the Xer proteins known to be involved in the catalysis of recombination are required for normal chromosome segregation. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Since neither the dif/Xer, nor the loxP/Cie system caused this suppression when located in other positions on the chromosome, close to oriC or within lacZ, this reinforces the idea that site-specific recombination must occur in the terminus region in order to allow normal chromosome segregation. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Simchen.An initial chromosomal part with major roles inside the yeast chromosome I11 meiotic disjunction, recombination and double strand holiday breaks. (realprowa.com)
Proteins6
  • Chromosome duplication results in two identical sister chromatids bound together by cohesin proteins at the centromere. (wikipedia.org)
  • This gene encodes a member of a family of E3 small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) ligases that mediates the attachment of a SUMO protein to proteins involved in nuclear transport, transcription, chromosome segregation and DNA repair. (nih.gov)
  • The Benanti lab is interested in understanding why cyclical expression of key regulatory proteins is important for maintaining a stable genome. (umassmed.edu)
  • Long-Range Chromatin Contacts in Embryonic Stem Cells Reveal a Role for Pluripotency Factors and Polycomb Proteins in Genome Organization. (ca.gov)
  • Additionally, we identified two further levels of genome organization in ESCs characterized by colocalization of regions with high pluripotency factor occupancy and strong enrichment for Polycomb proteins/H3K27me3, respectively. (ca.gov)
  • Each chromosome consists of one very long molecule of DNA twisted around proteins. (carnivorousplants.org)
Stability5
  • SMC5/6 is required for replication fork stability and faithful chromosome segregation during neurogenesis. (nih.gov)
  • Professor Forsburg studies how chromosome duplication and maintenance contributes to overall genome stability using a simple model genetic system, the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe . (usc.edu)
  • Forsburg takes a holistic approach to studying how DNA replication stress contributes to genome stability. (usc.edu)
  • Linear eukaryotic chromosomes contain specialized protective structures at the chromosome ends, called telomeres, which are essential for maintaining genome stability. (ubc.ca)
  • Toward this latter goal, we are current testing how artificial reproductive technologies impact genome stability and mutation rates. (jax.org)
Human genome4
  • These data provide a foundational map of large SV in the morbid human genome and demonstrate a previously underappreciated abundance and diversity of cxSV that should be considered in genomic studies of human disease. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Nearly 12 years after it was first declared complete, the map of the human genome still contains vast stretches that may as well be labeled "Here Be Dragons. (fredhutch.org)
  • The techniques the team used weren't available when the human genome sequence was first published. (fredhutch.org)
  • The team also found them in a publically available database of another complete human genome. (fredhutch.org)
Centromere6
  • Recently, the group identified the centromere as a natural fragile site in the genome, particularly when the replication fork is disrupted. (usc.edu)
  • As part of the genome sequencing initiative for the tammar, we have explored the evolution of each of the major classes of mammalian small RNAs in an Australian marsupial for the first time, including the first genome-scale analysis of the newest class of small RNAs, centromere repeat associated short interacting RNAs (crasiRNAs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The maintenance of a single centromere per chromosome is critical for establishing bipolar microtubule attachments to the mitotic spindle and achieving high-fidelity genome segregation 17 . (nature.com)
  • Conversely, the simple presence of alpha satellite DNA is not sufficient for centromere function since chromosomes with multiple alpha satellite arrays only exhibit a single location of centromere assembly. (duke.edu)
  • Research in the Sullivan Lab is focused on chromosome organization, with a specific emphasis on the genomics and epigenetics of the chromosomal locus called the centromere. (duke.edu)
  • The centromere is a specialized chromosomal site involved in chromosome architecture and movement, and when defective, is linked to cancer, birth defects, and infertility. (duke.edu)
Chromosomal5
  • However, some species, especially plants and animals with holocentric chromosomes, are known to tolerate chromosomal heterozygosity even for multiple rearrangements. (frontiersin.org)
  • Here, we studied male meiotic chromosome behavior in four hybrid generations (F1-F4) between two chromosomal races of the Wood White butterfly Leptidea sinapis differentiated by at least 24 chromosomal fusions/fissions. (frontiersin.org)
  • We argue that the observed process of chromosome sorting would, if continued, result in a new homozygous chromosomal race, i.e., in a new karyotype with intermediate chromosome number and, possibly, in a new incipient homoploid hybrid species. (frontiersin.org)
  • We also identify multiple cases of catastrophic chromosomal rearrangements known as chromoanagenesis, including somatic chromoanasynthesis, and extreme balanced germline chromothripsis events involving up to 65 breakpoints and 60.6 Mb across four chromosomes, further defining rare categories of extreme cxSV. (biomedcentral.com)
  • If you already know about chromosomal evolution or do not care, jump directly to information on Drosera chromosome numbers. (carnivorousplants.org)
Cohesion2
Whole genome3
  • Using long-insert jumping libraries at 105X mean physical coverage and linked-read whole-genome sequencing from 10X Genomics, we document seven major SV classes at ~5 kb SV resolution. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The whole-genome sequence of TSY216 was completed and deposited in GenBank (accession nos. (cdc.gov)
  • The whole-genome comparison between 2010EL-1786 (an outbreak isolate from Haiti) ( 7 ) and TSY216 revealed that Ch1 and Ch2 shared nearly identical gene content and showed conserved synteny, but integrative and conjugative elements were distinguishable. (cdc.gov)
Instability1
  • We found that disruption of ANXA1 function results in mitotic spindle misorientation and impaired cell-cell adhesion and genome instability, affecting the outcomes of cell division. (southampton.ac.uk)
Nuclear6
  • For decades, researchers have been fascinated by the three-dimensional structure and function of these nuclear pores, which act as guardians of the genome: substances that are required for controlling the cell are allowed to pass, while pathogens or other DNA-damaging substances are blocked from entry. (mpg.de)
  • The eukaryotic genome is housed by a double lipid bilayer called the nuclear envelope (NE). (iu.edu)
  • J Biol Chem 2012), both in the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes (Das et al. (cancer.gov)
  • Together, our data highlight a pluripotency-specific genome organization in which pluripotency factors such as Nanog and H3K27me3 occupy distinct nuclear spaces and reveal a role for cell-type-specific gene-regulatory networks in genome organization. (ca.gov)
  • Here we show that chromosome clustering is required to prevent chromosome losses in the long gap phase between nuclear envelope breakdown and the onset of spindle assembly, and to promote the rapid capture of all chromosomes by the acentrosomal spindle. (bvsalud.org)
  • The actin cables form in the disassembling nucleus and migrate towards the nuclear centre, moving the chromosomes centripetally by interacting with their arms and kinetochores as they migrate. (bvsalud.org)
Eukaryotic genomes2
  • Studies of chromosomes and heredity now have added significance, following the complete sequencing of many eukaryotic genomes, including that of humans. (epigenome-noe.net)
  • Small RNAs have proven to be essential regulatory molecules encoded within eukaryotic genomes. (biomedcentral.com)
Circular chromosomes3
  • Circular chromosomes are not subject to these problems. (gla.ac.uk)
  • In contrast, any odd number of homologous exchanges between circular chromosomes generates a fusion of the two circles. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Vibrio bacteria, for example, have 2 circular chromosomes: 1 (Ch1) and 2 (Ch2) ( 1 - 3 ). (cdc.gov)
Meiotic1
  • We demonstrate that (i) F1 hybrids are highly heterozygous with nearly all chromosomes participating in the formation of trivalents at the first meiotic division, and (ii) that from F1 to F4 the number of trivalents decreases and the number of bivalents increases. (frontiersin.org)
Behavior3
  • The 82nd Cold Spring Harbor Symposium focused on Chromosome Segregation & Structure and addressed the enormous progress in our understanding of the nature and behavior of chromosomes during the life cycle of the cell. (cshlpress.com)
  • In the first half of the quarter, we will introduce elements of classical genetics, including chromosome behavior, Mendel's principles of segregation and independent assortment, and genetic linkage. (evergreen.edu)
  • 3)The chromosome behavior of most pollen mother cells in C. cathayensis was normal and paired as 16 bivalents at metaphaseⅠ. (linyekexue.net)
Dynamics4
  • Yet, the precise mechanisms coordinating cell polarity and correct mitotic spindle dynamics and chromosome segregation fidelity, to ensure proper epithelial integrity and differentiation remain ill defined. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • To determine the effect of TRF1 protein levels on telomere associations, we used live-cell fluorescence microscopy to visualize telomeres and chromosome dynamics in cells expressing defined levels of TRF1. (ubc.ca)
  • These short RNAs participate in a diverse array of cellular processes including gene regulation, chromatin dynamics and genome defense. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Home / Teams / Chromatin Dynamics in Mitotic Chromosome Assembly - P. Bernard / Publications / A genetic screen for functional partners of condensin in fission yeast. (ens-lyon.fr)
Genomic2
  • The simplified and known genetic background of captive mouse populations such as the Collaborative Cross, BXD recombinant inbred strain panel, the Diversity Outbred population, and collections of diverse inbred strains render them uniquely powerful resources for studying the mechanisms of short-term genome evolution and genomic inheritance. (jax.org)
  • Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of intact genomic DNA of Vibrio cholerae isolates and circular representation of the genome of V. cholerae O1 El Tor TSY216, consisting of 3 chromosomes. (cdc.gov)
Spindle assembly1
Cytokinesis2
  • This maintenance is accomplished through major cell cycle events such as chromosome replication, segregation, and proper timing of cytokinesis. (illinois.edu)
  • Although replication, segregation, and cytokinesis have been extensively studied in bacteria, our understanding of how these processes are temporally and spatially coordinated remains incomplete. (illinois.edu)
Karyotype4
  • SGO1-cohesin binding is maintained until the formation of microtubule-kinetochore attachments and is required for faithful chromosome segregation and the maintenance of a stable karyotype. (cbinsights.com)
  • They also are among the most rapidly evolving regions of genomes and can play a role in karyotype evolution and speciation. (rochester.edu)
  • 2) C. cathayensis root tip was selected to prepare chromosome and make karyotype analysis. (linyekexue.net)
  • 4) The karyotype formula of C. cathayensis was 2 n =32=20m+12sm,and the range of its chromosome relative length was from 4.006(±0.449) to 9.559(±1.175), chromosome numbers whose arm ratio was more than 2 accounted for 25.000%, the ratio of chromosome length ( L/S ) and the karyotype asymmetry index were 2.417±0.456 and 62.875, respectively. (linyekexue.net)
Centromeric1
  • and protein localization to chromosome, centromeric region. (nih.gov)
Interphase3
  • Cohesin has a dual role, as it not only holds together sister DNAs but also builds the DNA loops that shape the interphase genome. (cbinsights.com)
  • Mechanistically, the CIP2A-TOPBP1 complex prematurely associates with DNA lesions within ruptured micronuclei during interphase, which poises pulverized chromosomes for clustering upon mitotic entry. (nature.com)
  • The portion of chromosome material that remains condensed and is transcriptionally inactive during INTERPHASE. (lookformedical.com)
Fission yeast1
  • Fission yeast is a simple, single-celled organism with chromosomes very similar to those in humans, and has proven to be an important model for cell division. (usc.edu)
Species8
  • We examined each of these small RNA classes with respect to the newly assembled tammar wallaby genome for gene and repeat features, salient features that define their canonical sequences, and the constitution of both highly conserved and species-specific members. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Chromosome number could be but is not considered a defining attribute of a taxonomic species. (carnivorousplants.org)
  • Chromosome number is not an effective feature in the definition of biological species either although differences in chromosome number can produce different biological species. (carnivorousplants.org)
  • In spite of our lack of attention to chromosomes and chromosome numbers in formally defining species, it is the chromosomes and the genetic material they contain that define true species and control the evolution of new species. (carnivorousplants.org)
  • Drosera can have anywhere from 8 to 80 chromosomes depending on the species. (carnivorousplants.org)
  • There are two factors related to chromosomes and species that work separately and together to make life interesting. (carnivorousplants.org)
  • The more similar the chromosomes (the genome and epigenome as well as chromosome number) the more likely hybrids will form and reproduce but also the more likely the net result will only be the introgression of genetic material from one species to the other. (carnivorousplants.org)
  • Sterility is often attributed to the different number of chromosomes the two species have, for example donkeys have 62 chromosomes , while horses have 64 chromosomes, and mules and hinnies have 63 chromosomes. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Faithful1
  • Fidelity in transmission of genetic characters is ensured by the faithful duplication of the genome, followed by equal segregation of the genetic material in the progeny. (ias.ac.in)
Centrosomes1
  • The framework will allow to label for up to 10 markers to visualize at the same time ANXA1, centrosomes, chromosomes, cell-cell adhesion molecules, differentiation markers, proliferation, and apoptosis. (southampton.ac.uk)
Eukaryotes2
  • Thus, alternation of DNA duplication (S-phase) and chromosome segregation during the M-phase are hallmarks of most well studied eukaryotes. (ias.ac.in)
  • Linear chromosomes, for example those of eukaryotes, have evolved mechanisms to ensure that chromosome ends are protected from exonucleolytic attack and can be replicated completely. (gla.ac.uk)
Heredity2
  • Since the early discoveries of Gregor Mendel , Walther Flemming, Theodore Boveri and others, Europe has been a world leader in unravelling the principles of heredity through genetic and chromosome research. (epigenome-noe.net)
  • It was not until the early 20 th century that it was demonstrated that chromosomes contain the material of hereditary and it took until the middle 20 th century to determine that DNA in chromosomes was the principle coding molecule of heredity. (carnivorousplants.org)
Integrity4
  • Defects in the processes that maintain the integrity of our genome contribute to cancer, birth defects, and other disorders. (usc.edu)
  • Because loss of genome integrity and deregulation of cell division is associated with cancer, this is a fundamental form of cancer research. (usc.edu)
  • Research includes studies on how genome integrity is maintained and, when it is not, how transformed cells may compensate to survive and grow. (umassmed.edu)
  • Maintaining the integrity of the genome is essential to the survival of all bacteria. (illinois.edu)
Gene regulation2
  • Small RNAs play important roles in many aspects of pre- and post-transcriptional gene regulation, epigenetic modifications, chromosome segregation and genome structure. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This finding adds a new dimension to our understanding of how ESC-specific gene regulation is maintained and how the genome is organized. (ca.gov)
Condensin2
Processes2
  • Using a systemic approach, we have identified new communicative processes that keep the onset of chromosome replication and the onset of chromosome segregation highly interconnected. (illinois.edu)
  • We study evolutionary processes broadly, with a main focus on the evolutionary ecology of sex determination and sex chromosomes. (lu.se)
Mutation1
Mitochondrial2
Microtubules1
Genetic material1
  • These studies implicate a potential mechanism suppressing the loss of genetic material after chromosome pulverization, although how distinct patterns of rearrangements arise in cancer and germline disorders remains unclear. (nature.com)
Segregate1
Mechanisms1
  • It is therefore not surprising to find that circular genomes have evolved mechanisms to ensure that multimers can be effectively converted to monomers. (gla.ac.uk)
Complexes1
  • The genome is composed of a number of chromosomes-complexes of tightly coiled DNA that contain genetic information vital for proper cell function. (wikipedia.org)
Structural2
Poorly understood1
  • The relationship between 3D organization of the genome and gene-regulatory networks is poorly understood. (ca.gov)
Genetics1
  • Our projects often include genome-wide data, which we analyse with population genetics approaches. (lu.se)
Organisms2
  • Proper segregation of replicated chromosomes is essential for cell division in all organisms. (ubc.ca)
  • This whole package of DNA (genome) and protein (epigenome) in a chromosome is what controls the development and maintenance of eukaryotic organisms (protists, fungi, animals, and plants). (carnivorousplants.org)
Nucleosomes1
  • The packaging of DNA onto nucleosomes, and the segregation of chromosomes into chromosome territories was well understood, but the development of chromatin conformation capture (3C) techniques has enabled the first thorough study of intermediate scales. (cam.ac.uk)
Drosophila2
  • Taylar successfully defended her senior thesis on suppressors of Segregation Distorter in Drosophila melanogaster and is graduating with honors in research this weekend! (rochester.edu)
  • There are two mechanismsof achiesmate segregation inside the Drosophila lady, one of hence means heterochromatic homology. (realprowa.com)
Polycomb1
  • Underlining the independence of these networks and their functional relevance for genome organization, loss of the Polycomb protein Eed diminishes interactions between Polycomb-regulated regions without altering overarching chromosome conformation. (ca.gov)
Spatially1
  • Additionally, we find that the ESC genome is organized in such a way as to juxtapose regions of DNA that show similar regulation by demonstrating that spatially associated regions in the genome are associated with the same gene regulatory factors. (ca.gov)
Epigenomes2
  • Thus, one genome can generate many 'epigenomes', as the fertilised egg progresses through development and translates its information into a multitude of cell fates. (epigenome-noe.net)
  • Hybrids bring together genomes and epigenomes that have evolved in different directions and recombines them. (carnivorousplants.org)
Cell division1
  • Such dimeric molecules might create difficulties in segregation at cell division, or in packaging when the circles are viral. (gla.ac.uk)
Fragments2
  • Mitotic clustering facilitates the reassembly of acentric fragments into rearranged chromosomes lacking the extensive DNA copy-number losses that are characteristic of canonical chromothripsis. (nature.com)
  • The stochastic inheritance of chromosome fragments by both newly formed daughter cells could in part contribute to the alternating DNA copy-number states that are characteristic of chromothripsis 2 . (nature.com)
Embryonic1
  • Here, we examined long-range chromatin interactions genome-wide in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs), iPSCs, and fibroblasts and uncovered a pluripotency-specific genome organization that is gradually reestablished during reprogramming. (ca.gov)
Encodes1
Regulation2
  • Taken together, our results demonstrate that precise regulation of TRF1 levels is essential for telomere resolution and mitotic segregation. (ubc.ca)
  • We have found that cell size regulation and timing of chromosome replication are interconnected, a connection that is influenced by nutrient availability. (illinois.edu)
Duplication1
  • Accurate duplication and segregation of our chromosomes is critical for human development and well-being. (usc.edu)