• Chlamydia trachomatis are obligate intracellular bacterial pathogens that cause ocular and genital infections, which are a significant public health concern worldwide. (europa.eu)
  • A better understanding of C. trachomatis basic biology is important to eventually develop new ways to combat infections caused by these bacteria. (europa.eu)
  • How Chlamydia trachomatis evades immune recognition and establishes long-term infections. (lsuhsc.edu)
  • Chlamydia trachomatis causes genital and ocular infections in humans. (bvsalud.org)
  • Identification of host endothelial cell responses to blood-borne infections caused by eukaryotic pathogens, including Candida spp and Trypanosoma cruzi . (lsuhsc.edu)
  • How Chlamydia trachomatis evades immune recognition and establishes long-term infections, m odulation of genital immunity by the vaginal microbiota, and e valuation of novel preventative strategies for STIs and HIV. (lsuhsc.edu)
  • Chlamydia is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections, affecting about 4.2% of women and 2.7% of men worldwide. (anhourago.eu)
  • Representing one of a series of NCCID evidence reviews on partner notification for sexually transmitted and blood borne infections, this component will also distinguish issues particular to PN for Chlamydia, to the extent that the literature allows. (nccid.ca)
  • Repeat Chlamydia infections in females are common (20-30%) (Hosenfeld et al. (nccid.ca)
  • Successful management of Chlamydia relies on timely identification, diagnosis and treatment of infections (5). (nccid.ca)
  • The young women have the highest prevalence of genitourinary C. trachomatis infections. (roboscreen.com)
  • Neonates born of infected mothers can develop inclusion conjunctivitis, nasopharyngeal infections and pneumonia due to C. trachomatis [5]. (roboscreen.com)
  • Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma species, known collectively as the genital mycoplasmal organisms, are generally considered opportunists that cause invasive infections in susceptible populations. (medscape.com)
  • Thus, maternal genital HSV infections pose a substantial risk to the fetus and newborn. (nomedicalcare.com)
  • There are many similarities between the infections caused by N. gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) . (pediagenosis.com)
  • Development of a vaccine has been hindered by the lack of vertebrate animal models that more closely mimics human immune responses as well as characterization of the correlates for immunity to human Chlamydia infections. (ku.edu)
  • Antibiotic resistance is a major public health threat and while two major classes of antibiotics (e.g., macrolides and tetracyclines) are effective at clearing Chlamydia infections, resistance to one of these has already been observed in pigs strains (yes…there is pig Chlamydia ! (ku.edu)
  • Several characteristics of the female genital tract make it suitable for inoculation, establishment of infection, and systemic spread of the virus, which causes local changes that may favor the development of infections by other pathogens, often called sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). (hindawi.com)
  • Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a female upper genital tract inflammatory disorder that arises after sexually transmitted bacterial infections (STI). (microbialcell.com)
  • FemCure: Prospective multicentre study on the transmission of genital and extra-genital Chlamydia trachomatis infections in women receiving routine care. (eu-chlamydia-meeting.nl)
  • RÉSUMÉ L'objectif de cette étude était de déterminer la relation entre les infections vaginales à Chlamydia et la néoplasie cervicale intraépithéliale (CIN). (who.int)
  • Susceptibilities of Chlamydia trachomatis isolates causing uncomplicated female genital tract infections and pelvic inflammatory disease. (threco.com)
  • Some diseases and infections can go away on their own, so its not surprising that people wonder: does chlamydia go away on its own? (chlamydiaexplained.com)
  • Resistance in other infections that often co-occur with chlamydia may restrict the use of some medicines, such as ofloxacin. (chlamydiaexplained.com)
  • To study the prevalence, symptoms and signs of Mycoplasma genitalium and Chlamydia trachomatis infections in STD clinic attendees and in partners of M genitalium infected patients. (bmj.com)
  • From September 1995 through October 1997, samples for M genitalium, C trachomatis, and N gonorrhoeae were collected from 946 consecutive patients attending because of symptoms of sexually transmitted infections or for a check up. (bmj.com)
  • Adaptation of pathogens in the host: rewiring of host innate immunity ( Shigella) and rapid response of the pathogen to new environments ( Candida albicans ). (lsuhsc.edu)
  • PLOS Pathogens publishes Open Access research and commentary that significantly advance the understanding of pathogens and how they interact with host organisms. (plos.org)
  • The family of Chlamydiaceae comprises 3 pathogens that can infect humans: Chlamydia trachomatis, Chlamydia psittaci, and Chlamydia pneumoniae. (lecturio.com)
  • We likewise saw DMPA increase mouse susceptibility to multiple genital pathogens including HIV. (stanford.edu)
  • As treatment with E averted DMPA-mediated loss of genital epithelial barrier function, our results also imply that contraceptives releasing progestin and E may be less likely to promote transmission of HIV and other sexually transmitted pathogens than progestin-only compounds. (stanford.edu)
  • Whereas clinical research indicates that women using DMPA are more susceptible to HIV and other genital pathogens, causal relationships have not been determined. (stanford.edu)
  • The surface damage caused by the gonococcus allows other pathogens, such as chlamydia, to gain access to the upper reproductive tract and cause multiorganism PID. (pediagenosis.com)
  • There are cases when detected with the mycoplasma pathogens and other sexually transmitted diseases ureaplasmosis, chlamydia, trichomoniasis, gonorrhea, etc. (vadhibiscus.hu)
  • Zoliflodacin (Entasis Therapeutics), a first-in-class spiropyrimidinetrione topoisomerase II inhibitor with activity against several pathogens, including N gonorrhoeae and C trachomatis . (medscape.com)
  • She subsequently became an independent NIH-funded investigator and Assistant Professor at Harvard, continuing to investigate host-pathogen relationships in the genital tract, but primarily focusing on the unique obligate intracellular bacteria, Chlamydia trachomatis . (lsuhsc.edu)
  • She established novel human genital epithelial models to study this pathogen, and collaborated with Drs. Tom Ganz and Edith Martin Porter at UCLA to begin defining the role of antimicrobial peptides as natural and antibiotics at genital mucosal surfaces. (lsuhsc.edu)
  • The Chlamydia Vaccine Initiative is a partnership of academic institutions and industry to explore systems-level host/pathogen molecular interactions during infection of the female genital tract by C. trachomatis and to develop a vaccine. (unchealthcare.org)
  • This bacterial pathogen multiplies exclusively within host cells in a characteristic vacuole (inclusion) and delivers proteins such as inclusion membrane proteins (Incs) into the host cell. (bvsalud.org)
  • Chlamydia trachomatis is recognized as one of the most common sexually transmitted pathogen in the world. (openmicrobiologyjournal.com)
  • Virus-host interactions: Mechanisms of herpes virus subversion of host intrinsic anti-pathogen responses. (lsuhsc.edu)
  • Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular human pathogen that exhibits stage-specific gene transcription throughout a biphasic developmental cycle. (plos.org)
  • Thus, it is thought that the success of C . trachomatis as a human pathogen may lie in its ability to survive these immunological stress situations by slowing growth and development until conditions in the cell have improved. (plos.org)
  • Conversely, DMPA-mediated effects on genital epithelial integrity and function were obviated in RM administered DMPA and E. These data corroborate the diminished genital epithelial barrier function observed in women initiating DMPA and identify RM as a useful preclinical model for defining effects of exogenous sex steroids on genital pathogen susceptibility. (stanford.edu)
  • In a pilot study of cervical samples obtained from women at high risk for STIs, we examined the potential for unbiased characterization of host, pathogen and microbiome interactions using whole transcriptome sequencing analysis of ribosomal RNA-depleted total RNAs (Total RNA-Seq). (microbialcell.com)
  • Together, our study suggests that total RNA profiling will advance understanding of the interplay of pathogen, host and microbiota during natural infection and may reveal novel, outcome-relevant biomarkers. (microbialcell.com)
  • Mycoplasma genitalium is even less common in healthy asymptomatic hosts. (medscape.com)
  • In humans, mycoplasma and ureaplasma can be isolated from genital and respiratory tracts. (medical-actu.com)
  • Enzymes: mycoplasma, turns to his advantage cholesterol and other nutrients to the membrane of the host cell, creating a lethal depletion. (medical-actu.com)
  • Mycoplasma is a parasite, meaning it can't live without a host. (rawlsmd.com)
  • Methods We offered chlamydia screening using self-collected vaginal swabs to pregnant women ≥16 years of age during their first antenatal visit. (bmj.com)
  • PCR results for Chlamydia trachomatis were negative from vaginal swab specimens, and results of an amniocentesis were negative. (cdc.gov)
  • Endogenous and exogenous factors that modulate genital immunity and the genital milieu, including a dysregulation of the vaginal microbiota (collaborator: Dr Chris Taylor and his LSU bioinformatics team). (lsuhsc.edu)
  • Chlamydia can be spread during vaginal, anal, or oral sex, and can be passed from an infected mother to her baby during childbirth. (anhourago.eu)
  • The physiological status of the vaginal milieu is important for the wellbeing of the host as well as for successful reproduction. (frontiersin.org)
  • An optimal host-microbial interaction is required for the maintenance of eubiosis and vaginal health. (frontiersin.org)
  • This review explores the composition, function and adaptive mechanisms of the vaginal microbiome in health and those disease states in which there is a breach in the host-microbial relationship. (frontiersin.org)
  • ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine the association between vaginal Chlamydia infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). (who.int)
  • The only way to avoid getting chlamydia is to abstain from having vaginal, anal or oral sex with someone who has a chlamydia infection. (chlamydiaexplained.com)
  • These new elementary bodies are then shed in the semen or released from epithelial cells of the female genital tract, and attach to new host cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • The central theme of our research is immune defense in the human female genital tract. (lsuhsc.edu)
  • Despite having been the subject of intensive studies, it is not fully elucidated what exactly occurs after HIV contact with the female genital tract mucosa. (hindawi.com)
  • Here we review the characteristics of mucosal immunity of the female genital tract, its alterations due to HIV/AIDS, and the characteristics of coinfections between HIV/AIDS and the most prevalent STDs. (hindawi.com)
  • The immune system of the female genital tract is part of the integrated mucosal immune system, but with some particular characteristics that differentiate the immunity of these regions from the systemic immunity [ 2 - 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • when in contact with the external environment, the lower portion of the female genital tract is susceptible to various microorganisms. (hindawi.com)
  • This portion of the female genital tract comprises the vagina and the ectocervix, and it has a commensal microbiota that consists predominantly of Lactobacillus [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • M. hominis and U. urealyticum are normal inhabitants of the male and female genital tract and frequency of isolation is directly related to sexual activity. (medical-actu.com)
  • To study the function of known effectors, we focused on the C. trachomatis Inc proteins, an important group of potential chlamydial virulence factors. (europa.eu)
  • A unique insight into the MiRNA profile during genital chlamydial infection. (cdc.gov)
  • Chlamydial infection- Conjunctivitis caused by C. trachomatis is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide. (infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com)
  • To find out the association of genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection with female infertility. (openmicrobiologyjournal.com)
  • Persistent C. trachomatis infection must be recognized as a risk factor of infertility in this region of India. (openmicrobiologyjournal.com)
  • Host Genetic Risk Factors for Chlamydia trachomatis-Related Infertility in Women. (cdc.gov)
  • Chlamydia often has mild or no symptoms, but if left untreated, it can lead to serious complications, including infertility. (hivedmonton.com)
  • Less than 40 million sperm count indicates infertility, with a diagnosed infection of male genital tract being the cause of both reduced sperm count in 12%-35% of case and the most common cause of asthenospermia [4]. (peertechzpublications.com)
  • Each participant was tested for pain, tubal infertility and ectopic preg- C. trachomatis using2methods:1)an Al participants were married and the nancy [ 1 ]. (who.int)
  • We determined chlamydia prevalence, feasibility and acceptability of chlamydia screening, and adherence to treatment in pregnant women in two urban public hospitals in Lima, Peru. (bmj.com)
  • Chlamydia prevalence was high. (bmj.com)
  • To prepare for a trial of C. trachomatis screening and treatment in pregnancy to reduce adverse pregnancy outcomes, we explored the feasibility and acceptability of C. trachomatis screening in pregnant women during the first antenatal visit, and determined C. trachomatis prevalence and patient and partner outcomes to treatment in Lima, Peru. (bmj.com)
  • The average prevalence of coinfection between HIV and genital inflammatory diseases is of 16.3% [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The overal prevalence of positive tion was found between C. trachomatis C. trachomatis );and2)Giemsastaining serum antibodies for C. trachomatis in- and cervical neoplasia [ 4 ]. (who.int)
  • Our study aimed to determine chlamydia prevalence in adolescents aged 15-20 years in a high-incidence area in Norway, and to identify gender-specific early sexual behaviours associated with infection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We detected significant gender differences in chlamydia prevalence and sexual behaviours, and accordingly differing independent risk factors for chlamydia infection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The prevalence of C trachomatis and M genitalium was 4% and 6.3%, respectively, among the women and 5.4% and 6%, respectively, among the men. (bmj.com)
  • C. trachomatis along with C. pneumoniae have been found to infect humans to a greater extent. (wikipedia.org)
  • C. trachomatis in the lungs presents as the chlamydia pneumoniae respiratory infection and can affect all ages. (wikipedia.org)
  • C. trachomatis and C. pneumoniae, have an immense impact on public health in the US and globally. (ku.edu)
  • C. trachomatis exclusively infects humans. (wikipedia.org)
  • 7] Chlamydia trachomatis only occurs in humans. (anhourago.eu)
  • It is an obligate intracellular parasite, for which humans are the only host [1]. (roboscreen.com)
  • While no clinical data establishes causal link between HIV acquisition and use of this injectable progestin, prior work from our laboratory showed that DMPA comparably lowers genital levels of the cell-cell adhesion molecule desmoglein-1 (DSG1) and weakens genital epithelial barrier function in female mice and humans. (stanford.edu)
  • Providing an underlying mechanism for this connection, however, is recent work that showed DMPA weakens genital mucosal barrier function in mice and humans and respectively promotes susceptibility of wild-type and humanized mice to genital infection with HSV type 2 and HIV type 1. (stanford.edu)
  • While the developmental cycle is intriguing, it is also essential for Chlamydia to cause disease in humans. (ku.edu)
  • citation needed] Clinical signs and symptoms of C. trachomatis infection in the genitalia present as the chlamydia infection, which may be asymptomatic or may resemble a gonorrhea infection. (wikipedia.org)
  • Objectives Chlamydia trachomatis , which is asymptomatic in most women , causes significant adverse effects for pregnant women and neonates. (bmj.com)
  • Urogenital mycoplasmosis is often asymptomatic and is related to diseases, sexually transmitted, and has some similarities with gonorrhea and chlamydia. (vadhibiscus.hu)
  • MiR-378b Modulates Chlamydia-Induced Upper Genital Tract Pathology. (cdc.gov)
  • Over the course of the C. trachomatis life cycle, the bacteria take on two distinct forms. (wikipedia.org)
  • The C. trachomatis genome is substantially smaller than that of many other bacteria at approximately 1.04 megabases, encoding approximately 900 genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • C. trachomatis are bacteria in the genus Chlamydia, a group of obligate intracellular parasites of eukaryotic cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Chlamydia (klah-MID-e-a) are obligate intracellular bacteria that are propagated and maintained through a phylum defining bi-phasic developmental cycle. (ku.edu)
  • The bacteria are transmitted between cells and hosts as small, metabolically inert, Elementary Bodies (EB). (ku.edu)
  • You do not need an immediate follow-up test to check if your chlamydia treatment has worked, as dead chlamydia bacteria may be detected 3 to 5 weeks after treatment, which would give a false positive result. (chlamydiaexplained.com)
  • However, analogous effects of NET-EN treatment on antivirus immunity and host susceptibility to genital infection are much less explored. (stanford.edu)
  • Infection generally localizes in the genital mucosa, but can be found also in ocular, nasopharyngeal and anal mucosa [9-11]. (roboscreen.com)
  • Chlamydia trachomatis causes both genital tract and ocular diseases. (ku.edu)
  • The closest relative to C. trachomatis is C. muridarum, which infects mice. (wikipedia.org)
  • Vaccination with the polymorphic membrane protein A reduces Chlamydia muridarum induced genital tract pathology. (umm.de)
  • M genitalium and C trachomatis were detected by polymerase chain reaction from urethral and endocervical swab specimens in a cross sectional study among 445 female and 501 male STD clinic attendees. (bmj.com)
  • Chlamydia represents a risk for serious, long-term complications, disproportionately affecting women (e.g. (nccid.ca)
  • When chlamydia isnt treated, it can cause a number of serious complications. (chlamydiaexplained.com)
  • Norethisterone Enanthate Increases Mouse Susceptibility to Genital Infection with Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 and HIV Type 1. (stanford.edu)
  • is intended for the simultaneous detection and identification of herpes simplex viruses (HSV) 1 and 2 and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) from patients with vesicular, oral, genital, or skin lesions, using direct specimens and culture confirmation. (nomedicalcare.com)
  • Acyclovir, famciclovir, foscarnet, and other nucleoside analogs can reduce clinical symptoms and virus shedding in oral and genital herpes, herpes encephalitis, neonatal herpes, and herpetic keratitis (5-7). (nomedicalcare.com)
  • Two step testing for serologic diagnosis of genital HSV-2. (cdc.gov)
  • Non-bacterial chronic prostatitis is characterized by an increased amount of leukocytes in the exprimates of the gonads, the diagnosis of urogenital chlamydia, mycoplasmosis, ureaplasmosis can be considered eligible only with the positive results of several complementary laboratory tests. (vadhibiscus.hu)
  • When diagnosis of C trachomatis is disputed, a culture should be performed. (medscape.com)
  • The most common strains cause disease in the genital tract, while other strains cause disease in the eye or lymph nodes. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition to the chromosome that contains most of the genome, nearly all C. trachomatis strains carry a 7.5 kilobase plasmid that contains 8 genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • C. trachomatis strains are generally divided into three biovars based on the type of disease they cause. (wikipedia.org)
  • Most C. trachomatis strains have a multicopy extrachromosomal cryptic plasmid, which is widely used as the target for PCR testing. (roboscreen.com)
  • Likewise, we detected comparable mortality rates in DMPA- and NET-EN-treated wild-type and humanized mice after intravaginal infection with HSV type 2 or cell-associated HIV type 1, respectively, but NET-EN treatment was associated with slower onset of HSV-induced genital pathology and lower burden of systemic HIV disease. (stanford.edu)
  • The vagina also harbors numerous microorganisms (the "microbiota"), that exist (in conjunction with their genes and products) in a regulated mutualistic relationship with the host (the "microbiome") ( 4 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Factors modulating risk for reproductive sequelae include co-infection, microbiota, host genetics and physiology. (microbialcell.com)
  • In this study, we show that compared with mice in estrus, treatment of mice with DMPA or NET-EN significantly decreased genital levels of the cell-cell adhesion molecule desmoglein-1 and increased genital mucosal permeability. (stanford.edu)
  • This form can initiate a new infection if it comes into contact with a susceptible host cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 2010, the number of laboratory confirmed cases of Chlamydia reached 94,690, which is equivalent to an annual incidence of 277.6 cases/100,000 population (1). (nccid.ca)
  • According to the CDC, C. trachomatis has the highest incidence of infection among ALL reportable infectious diseases in the US! (ku.edu)
  • The higher chlamydia incidence rates among female adolescents in surveillance data has commonly been linked to more extensive testing of girls due to their health seeking behaviour and the fact that screening strategies and reproductive health services mainly target females [ 1 , 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A chlamydia incidence rate almost twice the national average has been reported in Finnmark, the northernmost and most sparsely populated county in Norway [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mycoplasmas are rarely present in the free state in the body and they attach to host cells, resistant to biological fluids flow into the light of colonized organs. (medical-actu.com)
  • The invention relates to medicine, gejala clinis papilloma particular to Microbiology, and for the Express control of antibiotic susceptibility of chlamydia, mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas in clinical material from patients direct fluorescent antibody IFA. (vadhibiscus.hu)
  • Chlamydia is the most commonly reported sexually transmitted infection (STI) in Canada and is recognized as an important public health concern. (nccid.ca)
  • The patients treated with medications for Chlamydia have reported the presence of side effects, most commonly - diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. (performanceinsiders.com)
  • Early sexual behaviour has been shown to differ significantly between genders, but few studies have addressed this topic to explain the commonly observed differences in chlamydia rates between adolescent girls and boys. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Chlamydia trachomatis is the most commonly reported sexually transmitted infection (STI) in Europe and USA mainly affecting young individuals aged 15-24 years, and is more often diagnosed in adolescent females than in males [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Gail Bolan, M.D., Laura Bachmann, M.D, and Kim Workowski M.D., from the Division of STD Prevention (DSTDP), hosted an informational webinar to provide an overview of the proposed updates to CDC's 2015 STD Treatment Guidelines. (cdc.gov)
  • Despite excellent educational and awareness programs, conditional prevention strategies are insufficiently addressing the public health challenge associated with Chlamydia infection rates. (ku.edu)
  • We are soon going to have a threat of untreatable gonorrhea in the future," Teodora Wi, PhD, medical officer with the WHO's Department of Reproductive Health and Research, said during a press briefing hosted by the WHO and the Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership (GARDP). (medscape.com)
  • Many common web searches show that people searching for chlamydia treatments or information on how to treat gonorrhea at home are curious about this as a potential treatment. (chlamydiaexplained.com)
  • So we want to address the question: will amoxicillin cure gonorrhea or chlamydia? (chlamydiaexplained.com)
  • Like other Chlamydia species, the C. trachomatis life cycle consists of two morphologically distinct life stages: elementary bodies and reticulate bodies. (wikipedia.org)
  • Like other Chlamydia species, C. trachomatis has a life cycle consisting of two morphologically distinct forms. (wikipedia.org)
  • C. trachomatis is thought to have diverged from other Chlamydia species around 6 million years ago. (wikipedia.org)
  • To screen for novel T3S effectors of C. trachomatis, we used Yersinia enterocolitica as a genetically tractable surrogate bacterial species assembling a T3S apparatus, which has been shown to recognise heterologous T3S substrates. (europa.eu)
  • As negative control, we used a fusion between the first 20 amino acids of a C. trachomatis ribosomal protein and TEM-1 (RplJ20-TEM-1). (europa.eu)
  • These effectors manipulate host cell processes to enable e. g. bacterial invasion, acquisition of nutrients, inhibition of apoptosis, or interference with immune signalling. (europa.eu)
  • Dr. Quayle has been funded by NIH for 22 years, and her LSU career has focused on elucidating the complex relationship between Chlamydia and the host immune response in the human genital milieu. (lsuhsc.edu)
  • HIV) who are also infected with test genital secretions or urine specimens. (cdc.gov)
  • Chlamydia trachomatis is the leading cause of both bacterial sexually transmitted infection and infection-derived blindness world-wide. (plos.org)
  • C. trachomatis also is the leading cause of preventable blindness (trachoma) worldwide. (ku.edu)
  • In men, the most common manifestation of C. trachomatis infection is inflammation of the urethra (about 50% of cases) [4]. (roboscreen.com)
  • A model is proposed where the relative levels of active antagonist (RsbV1) and switch-protein anti-sigma factor (RsbW) control the availability of σ 66 and subsequently act as a molecular 'throttle' for Chlamydia growth and development. (plos.org)
  • Herein, we sought to confirm and extend these findings by comparing genital epithelial barrier function in untreated rhesus macaques (RM) vs. RM treated with DMPA or DMPA and estrogen (E). Compared to controls, genital tissue from RM with pharmacologically relevant serum levels of medroxyprogesterone acetate displayed significantly lower DSG1 levels and greater permeability to low molecular mass molecules. (stanford.edu)
  • Crystal structures of the Toll/Interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domains from the Brucella protein TcpB and host adaptor TIRAP reveal mechanisms of molecular mimicry. (umm.de)
  • 0.001,unadjustedOR graphic data, general health, obstetrical =5.5).Inaddition,theprevalenceof and gynaecological history and other inclusion bodies for C. trachomatis in Methods risk factors. (who.int)
  • Clinical trials to evaluate efficacy and cost-effectiveness of chlamydia screening, and treatment of pregnant women to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes in low-resource settings, are warranted. (bmj.com)
  • 1 No programmes routinely conduct C. trachomatis screening in antenatal care in Latin America, and there are no WHO recommendations for routine C. trachomatis screening and treatment in pregnant women. (bmj.com)
  • The relationship of hydrogen peroxide producing lactobacilli to bacterial vaginosis and genital microflora in pregnant women. (intramed.net)