Genetically monocyte macrophage precursor cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

Epithelioid cell granuloma can be defined as specifically and structurally organized collection of epithelioid cells, macrophages, lymphocytes and dendritic cells. (wikipedia.org)
The immune system is comprised of various continuously circulating cells (T and B lymphocytes, and antigen-presenting cells present in various tissues). (healthtipsdesk.com)
Another reason is that protocols for differentiating some lymphocytes associated with autoimmunity, such as CD4 + T cells or B cells, from iPS cells have not been well established. (biomedcentral.com)
An 11-kDa protein associated with the outer membrane of many cells including lymphocytes. (lookformedical.com)
In the context of cancer, appropriately activated DCs can induce anti-tumor immunity by activating innate immune cells and tumor-specific lymphocytes that target cancer cells. (mdpi.com)
To circumvent this limitation, we screened mice engineered to carry eight MM lesions (NF-kappa B, KRAS, MYC, TP53, BCL2, cyclin D1, MMSET/NSD2 and c-MAF) combinatorially activated in B lymphocytes following T cell-driven immunization. (unav.edu)
The interstitium also shows evidence of chronic inflammation with infiltration by macrophages and lymphocytes. (docksci.com)
there is proliferation of interstitial fibroblasts, increased matrix deposition, and infiltration by macrophages and lymphocytes. (docksci.com)
Activation-induced cell death of human melanoma specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes is mediated by apoptosis-inducing factor. (uchc.edu)
Macrophages as stimulators of MART-1 27-35 epitope-specific human cytolytic T lymphocytes in vitro. (uchc.edu)
Rescuing melanoma epitope-specific cytolytic T lymphocytes from activation-induced cell death, by SP600125, an inhibitor of JNK: implications in cancer immunotherapy. (uchc.edu)
1. Introduction Pulmonary sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology characterized by the accumulation of activated Th1/Th17 lymphocytes and macrophages in the alveoli and subsequent granuloma formation [1C3]. (thebiotechdictionary.com)
Studies have further confirmed the presence of mast cells, T and B lymphocytes, and neutrophils in the heart. (biomedcentral.com)
The double and simultaneous molecular interaction between antigen-presentig cells (APC) and T lymphocytes is essential for the optimal activation of the immunological response and requires the participation of two membrane receptor groups. (reumatologiaclinica.org)
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) may have greater tumoricidal activity than LAK cells. (msdmanuals.com)
Although the efficacy of adoptive transfer of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) was examined over several decades, genetically engineered T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) rapidly replaced the application of TILs due to their high specificity, non-MHC-restricted recognition of tumor antigen, superior potency, and improved in vivo persistency [ 9 , 13 , 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are the most potent producer of type I interferon (IFN), but how pDC is primed in vivo is poorly defined. (bvsalud.org)
The lamina propria of the small intestine is the main site of the intestinal immune system, which contains a large number of macrophages, CD4 T cells, and dendritic cells. (frontiersin.org)
Recently, our groups established a method for differentiating dendritic cells that produce interferon-alpha, which can be applied as an SLE pathological model. (biomedcentral.com)
Monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells are a family of cells collectively referred to as the 'mononuclear phagocyte system' (MPS) that mediates and regulates inflammation. (cerclefser.org)
Frédéric Geissmann and his team have described the common precursor for macrophage, monocytes and dendritic cells (Fogg et al. (cerclefser.org)
1/ Investigate the development and functions of monocytes and dendritic cells, and their roles in inflammatory diseases. (cerclefser.org)
Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells that have multiple subpopulations with different phenotypes and immune functions. (biomedcentral.com)
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most important antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the body. (biomedcentral.com)
Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized antigen-presenting cells that have a notable role in the initiation and regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. (mdpi.com)
Like conventional antigens/haptens, superantigens stimulate antigen-presenting dendritic cells by increasing the expression of HLA-DR antigen and co-stimulatory molecules (CD54, CD83, and CD86) as well as the generation of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) -α. (microbiologynote.com)
To enhance vaccine potency and improve thus responses to ICI, we analyzed the gene expression profile of an immunosuppressive dendritic cell (DC) population induced during vaccination, with the goal of identifying druggable inhibitory mechanisms. (unav.edu)
Silencing of endogenous IL-10 in human dendritic cells leads to the generation of an improved CTL response against human melanoma associated antigenic epitope, MART-1 27-35. (uchc.edu)
Antigen presentation by MART-1 adenovirus-transduced interleukin-10-polarized human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. (uchc.edu)
Macrophages and dendritic cells are also present in normal heart valves. (biomedcentral.com)

However, it is not clear how gut macrophages, relative to recruited blood monocytes and other myeloid cells, contribute to the intestinal inflammatory milieu, nor how macrophages and their monocyte precursors mediate recruitment of other immune cells to the inflamed intestine. (frontiersin.org)
Myeloid cell populations isolated from colonic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or murine dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) induced colitis were assessed using flow cytometry and compared to healthy controls. (frontiersin.org)
Finally, our data reveal that, independent of inflammation, murine colon macrophages act as a major source of Ccl7 and Ccl8 chemokines that trigger further recruitment of their pro-inflammatory monocyte precursors. (frontiersin.org)
Intestinal macrophages display a "tolerant" phenotype, poorly responsive to toll like receptor (TLR) ligands (vital to avoid triggering inflammatory responses while scavenging commensal bacteria) whilst maintaining a homeostatic environment via IL-10 and PGE 2 production ( 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
In contrast, murine colon monocytes are pro-inflammatory but infrequent in the steady state, increasing during inflammation ( 2 , 8 - 10 ). (frontiersin.org)
Results from murine studies ( 2 ) combined with the observation of radiolabelled blood monocytes in the inflamed intestinal mucosa of IBD patients ( 15 ), indicate that increased LP inflammatory mononuclear cells are a result of monocyte recruitment, rather than expansion of a tissue resident macrophage population. (frontiersin.org)
Interfering with inflammatory signals produced by heart muscle cells might someday provide novel therapeutic strategies for atrial fibrillation, according to an international team of researchers who have published their findings in the journal Circulation . (mymedtale.com)
We focused on an inflammatory signaling called NLRP3 inflammasome, which is typically associated with innate immune cells, like macrophages and monocytes," Li said. (mymedtale.com)
It is well known that the function of the NLRP3 inflammasome is to prime immune cells for the release of cytokines that mediate an inflammatory response. (mymedtale.com)
We want to investigate whether these factors, which are also commonly associated with an inflammatory response, can in addition promote atrial fibrillation through the inflammasome pathway in heart cells. (mymedtale.com)
Remarkably, tissue-resident macrophages and inflammatory monocyte were identified as potential sources of TAMs. (biomedcentral.com)
In different immune cell types, each MiT family member is shown to play distinct or redundant roles and we expect that there is far more to learn about their functions and regulatory mechanisms in host defense and inflammatory responses. (molcells.org)
This review discusses the anti-inflammatory properties of cannabinoid compounds at molecular, cellular and whole animal levels, first by examining the evidence for anti-inflammatory effects of cannabinoids obtained using in vivo animal models of clinical neuroinflammatory conditions, specifically rodent models of multiple sclerosis, and second by describing the endogenous cannabinoid (endocannabinoid) system components in immune cells. (420magazine.com)
Macrophages, which are functional plasticity cells, have the ability to phagocytize and digest foreign substances and acquire pro-(M1-like) or anti-inflammatory (M2-like) phenotypes according to their microenvironment. (frontiersin.org)
A clear understanding of the function of macrophages, as well as their role in pathogens and inflammatory response, will delineate the next steps in the treatment of intestinal inflammatory diseases. (frontiersin.org)
In this review, we discuss the origin and development of macrophages and their role in the intestinal inflammatory response or infection. (frontiersin.org)
In addition, the effects of macrophages in the occurrence and development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and their role in inducing fibrosis, activating T cells, reducing colitis, and treating intestinal inflammation were also reviewed in this paper. (frontiersin.org)
In particular, iPS cell-derived monocytic cells and macrophages can be used for functional experiments, such as inflammatory cytokine production, and are often employed in research on patients with autoinflammatory diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
As described below, these diverse situations range from the complications of diabetes and cellular perturbation in amyloidoses to immune and inflammatory responses and tumor cell behavior. (jci.org)
They may further differentiate within chronic inflammatory lesions to EPITHELIOID CELLS or may fuse to form FOREIGN BODY GIANT CELLS or LANGHANS GIANT CELLS. (lookformedical.com)
These fractions consisted of either mononuclear cells (MO-MDSCs), resembling inflammatory monocytes, or low-density polymorphonuclear cells (PMN-MDSCs), akin to immature neutrophils. (ashpublications.org)
Both in vivo and in vitro superantigen-induced T cells result in increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α and -β, interleukin (IL)-2, and INF-γ. (microbiologynote.com)
Specifically, the timely orchestration of pro- and anti-inflammatory responses, based on the activation and inhibition of various cell types, such as tissue-resident cells and different types of immune cells, can significantly impact wound repair [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The key role in the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis is played by proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, molecules crucially involved in the activation of immune and inflammatory cells and their trafficking to the site of disease [4]. (thebiotechdictionary.com)
The purpose of this study is to determine how the genetic code of cells, particularly cells of the innate immune system, changes during early osteoarthritis progression and how those values correlate to levels of inflammatory biomarkers, called cytokines, in joint fluid. (grayson-jockeyclub.org)

In addition, we identify that murine blood monocytes receive systemic signals enabling increased release of IL-1β prior to egress from the blood into the colon. (frontiersin.org)
It has recently been shown that murine intestinal macrophages are continually repopulated from circulating blood monocytes, identified by expression of the cell surface markers Ly6C, CCR2, and CD62L ( 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
The relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues that are derived from blood MONOCYTES. (lookformedical.com)

Each of these infectious diseases is designated by the major target cell: human monocytic ehrlichiosis is caused by Ehrlichia chaffeensis, and human granulocytic ehrlichiosis by an E. equi -like organism. (cdc.gov)

A team of researchers led by Sandrine Henri and Bernard Malissen of the Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy developed a genetically engineered mouse that allowed them to kill the macrophages that reside in the dermis and certain other tissues. (newswise.com)
Tissues, including the placenta, are comprised of diverse cell types with distinguishable developmental or functional origin that form a complex niche 1 . (nature.com)
Macrophages are phagocytes found in tissues and maintain tissue homeostasis, regulate inflammation, and play a significant role in host protection. (frontiersin.org)
In human disease studies, ethical concerns often restrict the collection of patient cells and tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
Most tissues respond to VDR bound to calcitriol and the result is moderation of calcium and phosphate levels in cells. (pressbooks.pub)

The effector functions of the immune system comprise antibodies and complement-dependent mechanisms within body fluids and the mucosa, as well as tissue-bound effector mechanisms executed by T cells and monocytes/macrophages. (healthtipsdesk.com)
Cognate antigen signal controls CD8+ T cell priming, expansion size and effector versus memory cell fates, but it is not known if and how it modulates the functional features of memory CD8+ T cells. (bvsalud.org)
CAR T-cell therapies are limited by the potential to cause life-threatening toxicities, including cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS). (ajmc.com)
Interestingly, both MO-MDSCs and PMN-MDSCs suppressed antigen-specific T-cell responses, albeit using distinct effector molecules and signaling pathways. (ashpublications.org)
Knockdown of T-bet expression in Mart-127-35 -specific T-cell-receptor-engineered human CD4(+) CD25(-) and CD8(+) T cells attenuates effector function. (uchc.edu)
CD4+CD25- T cells transduced to express MHC class I-restricted epitope-specific TCR synthesize Th1 cytokines and exhibit MHC class I-restricted cytolytic effector function in a human melanoma model. (uchc.edu)
In passive cellular immunotherapy, specific effector cells are directly infused and are not induced within the patient. (msdmanuals.com)
In passive cellular immunotherapy, specific effector cells. (msdmanuals.com)
Concomitant use of interferon enhances the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens and TAAs on tumor cells, thereby augmenting the killing of tumor cells by the infused effector cells. (msdmanuals.com)

Further, once within the colon and relative to other myeloid cells, monocytes represent the dominant local source of both IL-1β and TNF. (frontiersin.org)
Dimensionality reduction classified seven clusters within the myeloid cells wherein five subsets of macrophages were characterized by diverse cell states and functionality. (biomedcentral.com)

and foreign particles by phagocytic cells (PHAGOCYTES). (lookformedical.com)

The full-length PGRN can thus effectively reduce the calcification of valve interstitial cells, and the granulin precursor (GRN), among the degradation products of PGRN, can be beneficial. (biomedcentral.com)

To this end, multiple tissue-resident cells and recruited immune cells cooperate to efficiently repair the injured tissue. (biomedcentral.com)
Loss of tissue is then repaired in a complex process that involves tissue-resident immune, stromal, and epithelial cells, as well as infiltrating immune cells [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Macrophages are pivotal in coordinating a range of important processes in the intestines, including controlling intracellular infections and limiting damaging inflammation against the microbiota. (frontiersin.org)
By profiling molecular spectrums of intracellular tumor-macrophage communication, we are able to design targeted molecular therapies to tackle PDAC. (biomedcentral.com)
Autophagy is an intracellular degradation system that ensures a dynamic recycling of a variety of building blocks required for self-renewal, homeostasis, and cell survival under stress. (hindawi.com)
Among the obligately intracellular gram-negative bacteria, a genetically related set is classified among the Protobacteria of the subgroup on the basis of sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene ( 1 , 2 , 8 , 9 ). (cdc.gov)
Several investigations [ 5 - 7 ] have been carried out with isolated embryonic, fetal, and adult SCs in a well-defined culture microenvironment to define the sequential steps and intracellular pathways that are involved in their differentiation into the specific cell lineages. (biomedcentral.com)

Second, T cell therapies using Tregs (either polyclonal, antigen-specific, or genetically engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors) to establish active dominant immune tolerance or T cells (engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors) to delete pathogenic immune cells. (frontiersin.org)
Chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) recognize specific proteins on the surface of tumor cells. (msdmanuals.com)

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is an example of how immunotherapy is revolutionizing the treatment of hematologic malignancies with unprecedented response rates in patients with relapsed/refractory lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. (ajmc.com)
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is designed to enhance the body's immune system to effectively kill malignant cells. (ajmc.com)
Adoptive cellular therapy, especially chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy, has gained unprecedented success among hematologic tumors [ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)

Further analysis confirms that LacNAc levels are positively correlated with the glycolytic activity of CD8+ T cells during differentiation. (bvsalud.org)
Our research focuses on developmental pathways that regulate hematopoietic cell growth and differentiation and are disrupted in the course of neoplastic transformation, particularly in leukemias and lymphomas. (stanford.edu)
In this context, a new molecule, B-cell activating factor (BAFF), has emerged as a positive regulator of B cell survival and differentiation functioning through various signaling pathways and potentiating the activity of various receptor complexes through pleiotropic means. (medsci.org)
We used primary acute myeloid leukemia (AML) samples and human AML cell lines to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of autophagy and its role in AML differentiation. (hindawi.com)
As immune cells typically undergo differentiation from precursor or naïve cells to mature cells, it is possible to observe the cell differentiation process by using iPS cell-derived immune cells. (biomedcentral.com)
To better understand those processes, Frédéric Geissmann is investigating the differentiation and the function of those cells. (cerclefser.org)
It acts in differentiation of stem cells through a specific cellular retinoic acid receptor. (pressbooks.pub)
In myocarditis, T cell differentiation can crucially contribute to aggravating or alleviating such conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
Due to their secretory functions, differentiation capabilities, specific homing effects through chemotaxis, distinctive therapeutic potentials, and ex vivo expandability, cells have become an attractive reagent for advanced therapeutic strategies. (biomedcentral.com)

We show that prenatal vitamin D deficiency alters immune cell proportions in offspring by changing the transcriptional properties of genes downstream of vitamin D receptor signaling in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells of both the fetus and adults. (bvsalud.org)
The chemoenzymatic labeling does not alter the transcriptional status of immune cells and is compatible with multiple scRNA-seq platforms. (bvsalud.org)
We demonstrate here that GSK-3 maintains the MLL leukemia stem cell transcriptional program by promoting the conditional association of CREB and its coactivators TORC and CBP with homedomain protein MEIS1, a critical component of the MLL-subordinate program, which in turn facilitates HOX-mediated transcription and transformation. (stanford.edu)

Like B cells, T cells have receptors that bind specifically to their steric counterparts on antigen epitopes. (healthtipsdesk.com)
The diversity of T-cell receptors is also achieved by means of genetic rearrangement of V, D, and J segments. (healthtipsdesk.com)
In this way, the drug inhibits T cell activation, selectively blocking the specific interaction of CD80/CD86 receptors to CD28 and, therefore, inhibiting T cell proliferation and B cell immunological response. (reumatologiaclinica.org)

To understand the etiology of osteopetrosis, it is very essential to understand the bone-remodeling cycle and the cell biology of osteoclasts. (medscape.com)
In contrast, osteoclasts are derived from the monocyte/macrophage lineage. (medscape.com)

Here we show for the first time that this inflammasome pathway also can mediate in a non-immune cell - a heart cell - other functions that are independent of producing cytokines," Li said. (mymedtale.com)

In 1999, Baron clearly and concisely reviewed the cell biology of the bone remodeling. (medscape.com)
T and B cells develop from a common stem cell type, then mature in the thymus (T cells) or the bone marrow (B cells), which are called primary (or central) lymphoid organs. (healthtipsdesk.com)
most of the neutrophils in the body are contained in the bone marrow, either as mitotically active (one third) or postmitotic mature cells (two thirds). (medscape.com)
Thus, lack of prenatal vitamin D, particularly at the time of hematopoietic stem cell migration from the liver to the bone marrow, has long-lasting effects on immune cell proportions. (bvsalud.org)
Using a mouse model of severe malaria, we have previously established that upon priming by CD169 + macrophages (MPs), pDC initiates type I IFN-I secretion in the bone marrow (BM) of infected mice via cell-intrinsic TLR7 sensing and cell-extrinsic STING sensing. (bvsalud.org)
Central tolerance occurs during lymphocyte development in the primary lymphoid organs (i.e. thymus and bone marrow), where T or B cell clones that recognize autoantigens with high-affinity are deleted. (frontiersin.org)
They are studying the cellular origin and the mechanisms that control the establishments and maintainance of these networks of 'resident' cell in skin and brain, i) whether they are renewed from bone marrow or 'niche' precursors, or if mature cells divide and self renew, ii) whether similar or separate mechanisms control their accumulation and activation during inflammation, and iii) their role in skin and brain inflammation. (cerclefser.org)
Experimental and human studies with intravitreal bone marrow-derived stem cells have begun. (biomedcentral.com)
Fifteen genetically diverse models developed bone marrow (BM) tumors fulfilling MM pathogenesis. (unav.edu)

When using antibodies to the RFD9, RFD7 and HLA-DR antigens, it was found that all epithelioid cells have an immunological phenotype RFD9+/RFD7-/HLA-DR+. (wikipedia.org)
The IBDs, including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), are characterised by a disturbed immunological homeostasis in genetically susceptible individuals, although the exact aetiology is unknown ( 3 - 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
The vast number of activated T-cells produces a massive immunological response that is not specific to any one epitope on the SAg, so undermining one of the key advantages of the adaptive immune system, namely its capacity to target antigens with great specificity. (microbiologynote.com)

According to a common point of view epithelioid cells (also called epithelioid histiocytes) are derivatives of activated macrophages resembling epithelial cells. (wikipedia.org)
By using the quick=freeze and freeze-substitution methods (prompt freezing, penetrating etching and freeze-substitution) it has been shown that the organizations three-dimensional metastructure cytoskeleton of the epithelioid cells, formed in the focus of granulomatous inflammation, more compatible to cytoskeleton characteristic of typical epithelial cell than to cytoskeleton of active and movable macrophages. (wikipedia.org)
A series of monoclonal antibodies IHY-1, IHY-2, IHY-3 was obtained, which can be used to accurately identify epithelial cells formed in etiologically different forms of granulomatous inflammation. (wikipedia.org)
The large number of macrophages in the intestinal tract, play a significant role in maintaining the homeostasis of microorganisms on the surface of the intestinal mucosa and in the continuous renewal of intestinal epithelial cells. (frontiersin.org)
They are specialized EPITHELIAL CELLS that are organized into interconnected plates called lobules. (lookformedical.com)
Several other studies have shown that human monocyte cells infected by MTB enhance the invasion and cause induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) characteristics in lung cancer cell co-culture. (lidsen.com)

The most important difference between SCs and progenitor cells is that SCs can replicate indefinitely, whereas progenitor cells can divide only a limited number of times. (biomedcentral.com)
However, the progenitor cells consist of T cells isolated from resected tumor tissue. (msdmanuals.com)

We show that the monocyte:macrophage balance is disrupted in colon inflammation to favour recruitment of CD14 + HLA-DR Int cells in humans, and Ly6C Hi monocytes in mice. (frontiersin.org)
In the mouse model, the researchers genetically engineered mice to express a form of NLRP3 inflammasome that is constantly active only in heart cells, and then assessed whether these mice were more vulnerable to atrial arrhythmia. (mymedtale.com)
We found that mice with active NLRP3 inflammasome in their heart cells developed precursors of sustained atrial arrhythmia, such as spontaneous atrial contractions," Li said. (mymedtale.com)
These spontaneous atrial contractions were suppressed by treating the mice with a specific NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor or by specifically knocking down the NLRP3 inflammasome gene in heart cells. (mymedtale.com)
Herein, we explore the effects of prenatal vitamin D deficiency on immune cell proportions in offspring using vitamin D deficient mice established by dietary manipulation. (bvsalud.org)
1.1/ Characterize the functions of 'patrolling' monocytes in mouse and human In this part of our work, they aim i) to characterize the molecular mechanisms that control the adherence to endothelium and the crawling behavior of monocytes that 'patrol' the blood vessels in mice, ii) to understand their functions in steady state, during vascular inflammation, and in models of atherosclerosis, lupus nephritis, and arthritis. (cerclefser.org)
Several unexpected findings in genetically altered mice have prompted research into the direction of intermediate metabolism of skeletal cells. (mdpi.com)
Integrative analyses of similar to 500 mice and similar to 1,000 patients revealed a common MAPK-MYC genetic pathway that accelerated time to progression from precursor states across genetically heterogeneous MM. MYC-dependent time to progression conditioned immune evasion mechanisms that remodeled the BM microenvironment differently. (unav.edu)

Herein, we developed an insilico computational method incorporating bulk and single-cell transcriptome profiling to characterize macrophage heterogeneity. (biomedcentral.com)
Taken together, our study demonstrates the feasibility of the chemoenzymatic detection of cell-surface glycan in single-cell RNA sequencing-based multiomics with TCR sequence and cell-surface epitope information (i.e., scTCR and CITE-seq), and provides a new way to characterize the biological role of glycan in diverse physiological states. (bvsalud.org)

Granuloma formation is associated with pathogens that have learned to evade the host immune system by various means like resisting phagocytosis and killing within the macrophages. (wikipedia.org)
Hyperimmune mouse serum raised against purified, recombinant OmpP4 did not promote bactericidal killing of 35000HP or phagocytosis by J774A.1 mouse macrophages in serum bactericidal and phagocytosis assays, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)

Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms governing tumor-macrophage interactions is critical. (biomedcentral.com)
Mechanisms of peripheral tolerance include inactivation of autoantigen-recognizing T and B cells by the induction of apoptosis, anergy or conversion into immunosuppressive regulatory cells. (frontiersin.org)

Monocyte macrophages can also synthesize vitamin D and they use is as a cytokine to stimulate the innate immune system. (pressbooks.pub)
Cells of the innate immune system are increasingly thought to play a role in early stages of degenerative joint disease. (grayson-jockeyclub.org)

specifically, evidence showing that cannabinoids inhibit neuroinflammation and that immune cells express the entire machinery that constitutes a functional cannabinoid signaling system. (420magazine.com)
Single-cell transcriptomics and functional assays defined a high ratio of CD8(+) T cells versus T-reg cells as a predictor of response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). (unav.edu)

Indigestibility of matter by macrophages is a common feature of granulomatous inflammation. (wikipedia.org)
Our work suggests that strategies targeting macrophage-mediated monocyte recruitment may represent a promising approach for limiting the chronic inflammation that characterises IBD. (frontiersin.org)
Previous studies have shown the accumulation of human CD14 Hi or CD14 + HLA-DR Int cells in the GI tract lamina propria (LP) during inflammation ( 2 , 6 , 11 - 14 ). (frontiersin.org)
Loss of immune tolerance to autoantigens associated with a specific organ results in the activation of organ-specific T and B cells that in turn cause organ-specific inflammation and the development of autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) ( 5 ), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) ( 6 ), psoriasis ( 7 ), and type 1 diabetes (T1D) ( 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
The Mononuclear Phagocyte System (MPS) is a group of cells with crucial functions in our immune system: it mediates and regulates inflammation. (cerclefser.org)
However, deficient scavenging of dead cells and bacteria is also associated with inflammation and autoimmune diseases such as lupus, and may impair the defence against pathogens. (cerclefser.org)
1.2/ Investigate the development and functions of 'resident' networks of macrophages and Dcs such as langerhans cells and microglia, and their potential roles in inflammation. (cerclefser.org)

Macrophages form the largest component of the intestinal mononuclear phagocyte system and play a pivotal role in mediating immune homeostasis ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
Basal macroautophagy (thereafter referred to as autophagy), a catabolic recycling system in cells, is key to maintaining cellular homeostasis and survival. (hindawi.com)
While the importance of autophagy for cell homeostasis and survival has long been appreciated, its role in tumorigenesis and cancer progression is still developing [ 10 , 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
All stem cells are undifferentiated cells that exhibit unlimited self-renewal and can generate multiple cell lineages or more restricted progenitor populations that can contribute to tissue homeostasis by replenishing the cells or to tissue regeneration after injury. (biomedcentral.com)
In this context, regulatory T cells (Tregs) hold a key role in balancing immune homeostasis and mediating cutaneous wound healing. (biomedcentral.com)

Particularly, non-hematopoietic cells, such as fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes, differentiated from autoimmune patient-derived iPS cells have shown promising results for further research into the pathogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
The term mononuclear phagocyte system has replaced the former reticuloendothelial system, which also included less active phagocytic cells such as fibroblasts and endothelial cells. (lookformedical.com)

There is a pressing need to identify the molecular mechanism underlying tumor-macrophage interactions and thus design novel therapeutic strategies. (biomedcentral.com)
Together, our work deciphered a comprehensive single-cell atlas of the macrophage compartment of PDAC and provided novel macrophage-tumor interaction features with potential value in developing targeted immunotherapies and molecular diagnostics for predicting patient outcome. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition to these basic issues concerning leukemia pathogenesis, we are devising new diagnostic procedures for detecting and monitoring leukemia patients based on molecular genetic abnormalities in the malignant cells. (stanford.edu)
This mechanism also applies to hematopoietic cells transformed by other HOX genes, including CDX2, which is highly expressed in a majority of acute myeloid leukemias, thus providing a molecular approach based on GSK-3 inhibitory strategies to target HOX-associated transcription in a broad spectrum of leukemias. (stanford.edu)

Serum glycoprotein produced by activated MACROPHAGES and other mammalian MONONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES. (lookformedical.com)
Although antilymphocyte serum was used in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and in T-cell and B-cell lymphomas, resulting in temporary decreases in lymphocyte counts or lymph node size, newer humoral immunotherapeutic modalities have been developed. (msdmanuals.com)

3] Porcine islet cells of Langerhans have been injected into patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. (medscape.com)
2009), and investigated the pathophysiology of diseases of this cellular system, incliding Langerhans cell histiocytosis (Senechal et al. (cerclefser.org)

Notably, as in vitro experiments indicated, TAM-derived HBEGF promoted proliferation and invasion of the pancreatic cancer cell line. (biomedcentral.com)
Our results indicate a reduction in vascular placental cells, especially cells responsible for structural integrity, and increase in trophoblast proliferation in animals exposed to particulate matter. (nature.com)
A normal immune response usually involves the response and proliferation of numerous B cell clones, bearing ABS with varying degrees of specificity for the different epitopes contained within the antigen. (healthtipsdesk.com)
We have reviewed currently available therapeutic agents that have been shown to be effective in suppressing the proliferation of the EBOV in cell cultures or animal studies. (biomedcentral.com)
EGFR downstream signaling promotes constitutive activation of TKIs domain due to the mutation in exon 19 and exon 21 (L858R point mutation), which leads to cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis, causing lung adenocarcinoma. (lidsen.com)
pathophysiology mesangial expansion is not limited to the matrix but includes mesangial cell proliferation and accumulation of bonemarrow-derived macrophages.3 Proliferation of mesangial cells, accumulation of extracellular matrix, and infiltration by macrophages are interrelated. (docksci.com)
Only sources and targets relevant to the kidney are listed cell proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition. (docksci.com)

Macrophages play a significant role in many processes, such as the human immune function, parasite infection, and tissue remodeling by secreting cytokines and producing reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates. (frontiersin.org)
Importantly, the vast number of activated T-cells secrete large quantities of cytokines, Interferon gamma being the most critical. (microbiologynote.com)
In result, the activated macrophages overproduce proinflammatory cytokines including IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-alpha. (microbiologynote.com)

In experiments on rabbits, Yersin A (1888) and Borrel A (1893) showed that epithelioid cells are formed from blood mononuclear leukocytes. (wikipedia.org)

Specialized phagocytic cells of the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM found on the luminal surface of the hepatic sinusoids. (lookformedical.com)
Mononuclear cells with pronounced phagocytic ability that are distributed extensively in lymphoid and other organs. (lookformedical.com)

They are often derived from the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria and induce immunoglobulin secretion. (lookformedical.com)

1 CAR T-cell therapy pivotal trials demonstrated unprecedented overall response rates (ORRs) and complete responses (CRs) that led to the FDA approval of 5 CAR T-cell products: tisagenlecleucel (tisa-cel), axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel), lisocabtagene maraleucel (liso-cel), brexucabtagene autoleucel (brexu-cel), and idecabtagene vicleucel (ide-cel). (ajmc.com)
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a pivotal role in this context. (biomedcentral.com)

In interaction with other non-immune cells, such immune cell subsets ensure the functionality and integrity of the skin layers [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Placental transcriptomes, at day 19 of gestation, were determined using bulk RNA-seq from whole placentas of exposed (n = 4) and control (n = 4) animals and scRNAseq of three distinct placental layers, followed by flow cytometry analysis of the placental immune cell landscape. (nature.com)
In this way, investigating human immune-related diseases using iPS cells offers distinct advantages over conventional research methods. (biomedcentral.com)

About the Journal of Experimental Medicine The Journal of Experimental Medicine (JEM) features peer-reviewed research on immunology, cancer biology, stem cell biology, microbial pathogenesis, vascular biology, and neurobiology. (newswise.com)
Stem cell (SC) therapy is not a new concept. (biomedcentral.com)

We are studying the role that normal chromatin structure plays in gene regulation in hematopoietic cells and how its disruption leads to altered development and cancer. (stanford.edu)

These ATG genes are highly conserved in mammalian cells, allowing to study their functions also in higher eukaryotes [ 1 - 4 ]. (hindawi.com)

Therefore, immune cells are typically expected to play a vital role in regulating the immune system responses in the heart. (biomedcentral.com)
One Sentence Summary: This study will highlight the role that cells of the immune system play to contributing to disease progression of osteoarthritis toward the goal of developing treatments for each stage of disease. (grayson-jockeyclub.org)
This project will help clinicians to better understand how osteoarthritis changes the immune system and the genetic code of the cells in the joint when osteoarthritis is induced traumatically and then progresses. (grayson-jockeyclub.org)

When derived from Escherichia coli, lipopolysaccharides serve as polyclonal B-cell mitogens commonly used in laboratory immunology. (lookformedical.com)
It specifically results in non-specific T-cell activation, polyclonal T-cell activation, and large cytokine release. (microbiologynote.com)
Superantigens are microbial or viral toxins that constitute a class of disease-associated, immunostimulatory substances and function as V-restricted, highly potent polyclonal T cell mitogens. (microbiologynote.com)

The placenta is a heterogeneous organ whose development involves complex interactions of trophoblasts with decidual, vascular, and immune cells at the fetal-maternal interface. (nature.com)
A heterogeneous family of water-soluble structural proteins found in cells of the vertebrate lens. (lookformedical.com)

Lymphoid lineage DCs primarily differentiate into plasmacytoid DCs and occupy approximately 0.5% of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in humans [ 2 ], but the cell population percentage is unclear in horses. (biomedcentral.com)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal disease harboring significant microenvironment heterogeneity, especially for the macrophages. (biomedcentral.com)

The induction of CD11b + Gr-1 + myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) is an important immune-evading mechanism used by tumors. (ashpublications.org)
Thus, monocyte depletion by gemcitabine administration reduced the generation of these DC and increased vaccine-induced immunity, which rejected about 20% of LLC-OVA and B16-OVA tumors, which are non-responders to anti-PD-1. (unav.edu)
B16-OVA tumors benefited from a synergistic effect, reaching 75% of tumor rejection, but higher levels of exhausted T-cells in LLC-OVA tumors co-expressing PD-1, LAG3 and TIM3 precluded similar levels of efficacy. (unav.edu)

In recent years, extensive research has established that some immune cells either reside in the heart or have very complicated interactions with cardiomyocytes through permanent blood circulation. (biomedcentral.com)

More recently, however, researchers have suggested that macrophages-specialized immune cells that reside in the dermis-are attracted to the wound inflicted by the tattoo needle and gobble up the tattoo pigment just as they would normally engulf an invading pathogen or piece of a dying cell. (newswise.com)
The characteristic indication of epithelioid cells is their aggregation with formation tight interdigital triplings as a fastener "lightning", which, apparently, can have the important for the formation of a dense zone of delimitation of the body from the pathogen during the formation of epithelioid cell granulomas. (wikipedia.org)
On the other hand, phagosomes are formed when the pathogen is engulfed by macrophages and fuse with lysosomes to release enzymes and toxic substances, resulting in killing or having cytotoxic effects on bacteria and tumor cells. (frontiersin.org)

However, recent successful preclinical and clinical trials have advocated for the significance of B cell-dependent immunopathogenic responses and has led to the development of novel biologicals that target specific B cell phenotypes. (medsci.org)
Since autoinflammatory diseases are usually monogenic, genetic mutations affect the cell function and patient-derived iPS cells tend to exhibit disease-specific phenotypes. (biomedcentral.com)
One reason for this is that autoimmune diseases are usually polygenic, which makes it challenging to determine which factors cause the phenotypes of patient-derived iPS cells are caused by. (biomedcentral.com)

However, emerging evidence suggests resident tissue macrophages (RTMs) of embryonic origin as the sources of TAMs. (biomedcentral.com)

Integrated analysis of LacNAc and the transcriptome of T cells at the single-cell level reveals that the amount of cell-surface LacNAc is significantly upregulated in activated CD8+ T cells but maintained at basal levels in resting CD8+ T cells (i.e., naive and central memory T cells). (bvsalud.org)

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) were first identified in 1961, and their ability to migrate and differentiate into multiple cell types was documented [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In particular, stem cells, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and immune cells, such as T-cells and Natural Killer (NK) cells, have been favored candidates for regenerative medicine and cell-based cancer immunotherapy, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)

Further, we uncovered several ligand-receptor pairs lining tumor cells and macrophages. (biomedcentral.com)
A number of immunologic interventions, both passive and active, can be directed against tumor cells. (msdmanuals.com)
Passive cellular immunotherapy references A number of immunologic interventions, both passive and active, can be directed against tumor cells. (msdmanuals.com)
Tumor Antigens Many tumor cells produce antigens, which may be released in the bloodstream or remain on the cell surface. (msdmanuals.com)
TAAs) with high specificity to tumor cells. (msdmanuals.com)
In contrast to TCR T cells, CAR T cells recognize only relatively large proteins on the surface of tumor cells. (msdmanuals.com)
T-cell engagers are bispecific antibodies that recruit cytotoxic T cells to kill tumor cells. (msdmanuals.com)

Rapid MYC-driven progressors exhibited a high number of activated/exhausted CD8(+) T cells with reduced immunosuppressive regulatory T (T-reg) cells, while late MYC acquisition in slow progressors was associated with lower CD8(+) T cell infiltration and more abundant T-reg cells. (unav.edu)
This improved efficacy was associated with higher tumor T-cell infiltration and overexpression of PD-1/PD-L1. (unav.edu)

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) orchestrate PDAC malignancy, but their dynamics during disease progression remains poorly understood. (biomedcentral.com)

When a given antigen enters an organism, it binds to the B cell which exhibits the correct receptor specificity for that antigen. (healthtipsdesk.com)

Nevertheless, several groups have reported studies utilizing autoimmune disease patient-derived iPS cells, including patients with rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and systemic sclerosis. (biomedcentral.com)

The genetic variety contained within the B-cell population is ensured by a process of continuous diversification of the genetically identical B-cell precursors. (healthtipsdesk.com)
Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. (lookformedical.com)

However, the T-cell receptor is never secreted, and instead remains membrane-bound. (healthtipsdesk.com)
Burnet's clonal selection theory, formulated in 1957, states that every B-cell clone is characterized by an unique antigen specificity, i.e., it bears a specific antigen receptor. (healthtipsdesk.com)
The body faces a large number of different antigens in its lifetime, necessitating that a correspondingly large number of different receptor specificities, and therefore different B cells, must continuously be produced. (healthtipsdesk.com)
Here we show that the strength of T cell receptor (TCR) signaling controls the requirement for interleukin-2 (IL-2) signals to form a pool of memory CD8+ T cells that competitively re-expand upon secondary antigen encounter. (bvsalud.org)
Calcitriol inside of cells acts by binding a vitamin D receptor (VDR), which results in most of the vitamin's physiological effects. (pressbooks.pub)
On the basis of the epitope described by this receptor , they bind major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class-II molecules without any prior processing and excite a high number of T cells (up to 20% of all T cells). (microbiologynote.com)
Their unique capacity to cross-link MHC class II and the T cell receptor (TCR) to form a trimolecular complex is responsible for these features. (microbiologynote.com)
After connecting with the T cell receptor, superantigen activates a substantial number of resting T cells, up to 20 percent of the total T cells. (microbiologynote.com)
Death receptor-independent activation-induced cell death in human melanoma antigen-specific MHC class I-restricted TCR-engineered CD4 T cells. (uchc.edu)
Inhibition of superoxide generation upon T-cell receptor engagement rescues Mart-1(27-35)-reactive T cells from activation-induced cell death. (uchc.edu)

Anatomy57

Organisms12

Diseases5

Chemicals and Drugs114

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment27

Phenomena and Processes40

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Lymphocytes16

Dendritic14

Inflammatory25

Blood monocytes3

Monocytic1

Tissues5

Effector9

Myeloid cells2

Phagocytes1

Interstitial1

Tissue resident2

Intracellular5

Antigen receptors2

Chimeric3

Differentiation9

Transcriptional3

Receptors3

Osteoclasts2

Mediate1

Bone9

Immunological3

Epithelial6

Progenitor cells2

Mice8

Characterize2

Phagocytosis2

Mechanisms2

Innate2

Functional2

Inflammation7

Homeostasis5

Fibroblasts2

Molecular4

Serum2

Langerhans2

Proliferation7

Cytokines3

Mononuclear leukocytes1

Phagocytic2

Gram-negative1

Pivotal2

Subsets1

Distinct2

Stem cell2

Gene1

Mammalian1

Immune system3

Polyclonal3

Heterogeneous2

Lineage1

Microenvironment1

Tumors3

Cardiomyocytes1

Pathogen3

Phenotypes3

Suggests1

Transcriptome1

Hematopoietic2

Tumor cells7

Infiltration2

Dynamics1

Binds1

Systemic1

Identical2

Receptor10