Genetically modified t cells adoptive immunotherapy immunotherapy adoptive. Medical search. Frequent questions

Many types of immunotherapies exist including bone marrow transplants, antibody therapies, and various manipulations of host immune cells to target and kill cancer cells. (wikipedia.org)
Unlike chemotherapy, targeted cancer therapies mostly use the body's own immune system to fight cancer cells by stimulating the immune system in various ways. (partnerre.com)
Compared to chemotherapy which also destroys healthy cells, a major upside of targeted therapies is that these treatments are usually designed to target and destroy very specific cancer cells. (partnerre.com)
One of the most beneficial features of targeted cancer therapies is that they target malignant cells while sparing normal, healthy tissues from the damage often caused by radiation and/or chemotherapy. (partnerre.com)
Based on the promising results achieved from antibody-mediated PD-1 blockade in the treatment of hematological and solid tumors, we are confident that PD-1 knockout CAR T cells enhance the potency of CAR T cell therapies for treatment of cancers without the side effects of antibody-based therapies. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
While many successful immunotherapeutic regimens have relied on checkpoint inhibition, other immunotherapeutic approaches, such as adoptive cellular therapies (ACT), the use of bispecific antibodies, and targeting components of the tumor microenvironment, are showing promise in a variety of cancer types. (aacr.org)
We now need to know how we can improve the current immunotherapy strategies so that not only a subset of patients respond, but even more patients can benefit from these therapies," Sharma said. (aacr.org)
To further understand the current status and trend for developing CAR-T cell based therapies for various solid tumors, this review emphasizes on CAR-T techniques, current obstacles, and strategies for application, as well as necessary companion diagnostics for treatment of solid tumors with CAR-T cells. (ijbs.com)
Beside the focuses on the aspects of treatment, companion diagnostics are increasingly recognized as playing important roles in patient screening, treatment regimen, efficacy evaluation, and real-time monitoring of CAR-T cell therapies. (ijbs.com)
Ramos CA, Asgari Z, Liu E, Yvon E, Heslop HE, Rooney CM, Brenner MK, Dotti G " An inducible caspase 9 suicide gene to improve the safety of mesenchymal stromal cell therapies. . (bcm.edu)
While CAR-T cell therapy has demonstrated a significant clinical effect against malignant blood tumors, TCR-T cell therapies have been tested in hematological and solid tumors. (cip.com.cn)
Moreover, improved preclinical TCR/CAR screening is likely to enhance the safety of engineered T cell therapies, and additional T cell engineering to further enhance engineered T cells at various levels has generated promising results, including: (1) modulation of affinity, (2) safety control elements, and (3) targeting TME components. (cip.com.cn)
WATANABE K, NISHIKAWA H. Engineering strategies for broad application of TCR-T- and CAR-T-cell therapies[J]. International Immunology , 2021 , 33 (11): 551-562. (cip.com.cn)
WEBER E W, MAUS M V, MACKALL C L. The emerging landscape of immune cell therapies[J]. Cell , 2020 , 181 (1): 46-62. (cip.com.cn)
ANDERSON, A K, STROMNES I M, GREENBERG P D. Obstacles posed by the tumor microenvironment to T cell activity: a case for synergistic therapies[J]. Cancer Cell , 2017 , 31 (3): 311-325. (cip.com.cn)
Organoid and tissue cultures are applied as (autologous) tumor model systems for in vitro testing of cell products and antibody-based compounds paving the way for early clinical trials (phase I/II) evaluating novel (combination) therapies. (nct-heidelberg.de)
We aim for the development and routine application of personalized TCR gene-engineered adoptive T cell therapies (ACT) targeting individual- as well as shared patient-derived neoepitopes. (nct-heidelberg.de)
She spent over 13 years researching T-cell therapies to target deadly cancers that occur in patients who have received bone marrow transplants. (blogspot.com)
Her exploratory work involved implementing T-cell therapies in human clinical trials. (blogspot.com)
Throughout her research process, T-cell therapies were applied on a broader scale to active patients who had deadly infections after receiving bone marrow transplantation and patients who developed any kind of EBV (Epstein-Barr virus) related malignancies. (blogspot.com)
Its diverse TCR clonality, superior tumor-homing ability, and low off-target toxicity endow TIL therapy unique advantages in treating solid tumors compared with other adoptive cellular therapies. (biomedcentral.com)
Unlike traditional cancer therapies, such as surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, cancer immunotherapy (immuno-oncology) is about triggering the body's own immune system to fight cancer. (elicera.com)
Only 10% of the human population is homozygous for this polymorphism, suggesting that genetic manipulation of NK cells to express CD16-158V prior to adoptive transfer may improve clinical success not only of NK cell therapies but also anti-tumor IgG1 antibodies. (maxcyte.com)
Among PSCs, the donors available for induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are greatest, providing a potentially universal cell source for all types of cell therapies including cancer immunotherapies using natural killer (NK cells). (molcells.org)

Chimeric antigen receptor T cell immunotherapy (CAR-T), possibly combined with cytokines and checkpoint inhibitors, are a regularly used form of immune gene therapy. (wikipedia.org)
CAR-T involves manipulation of a patient's natural T cells to express a chimeric antigen receptor. (wikipedia.org)
This receptor, now on millions of the patient's T cells, recognizes cancerous cells that express specific antigens. (wikipedia.org)
Usually, the T cell antigen receptor is inactive but when the receptor recognizes a certain cancerous antigen, the physical structure of the T cell changes to destroy the cancer cell. (wikipedia.org)
The patient's own white blood cells and stem cells from their blood are modified in the laboratory using genetic techniques to express a specific receptor against cancer cells. (ca.gov)
The specific receptor against cancer cells that will be transferred to the immune cells and stem cells is called NY-ESO-1 T cell receptor (or TCR). (ca.gov)
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is a rapidly growing treatment modality. (medscape.com)
Once infused, the cells continue to expand in number and bind to cancer cells via the engineered receptor, resulting in immunologic cancer cell death. (medscape.com)
This phase I trial studies the best dose and side effects of CD19/CD22 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells when given together with chemotherapy, and to see how well they work in treating children or young adults with CD19 positive B acute lymphoblastic leukemia that has come back or does not respond to treatment. (stanford.edu)
A CAR is a genetically-engineered receptor made so that immune cells (T cells) can attack cancer cells by recognizing and responding to the CD19/CD22 proteins. (stanford.edu)
One example is adoptive cell therapy with T cells that were genetically modified with gamma-retroviral and lentiviral (LV) delivery vectors to express a CD19-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) for cancer treatment. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
In this approach, immune cells (known as T cells) are taken from a single human donor and genetically modified in the laboratory to express a receptor that recognizes B cells. (upenn.edu)
This type of treatment is known as adoptive immunotherapy and the cells that are infused into the patients are known as universal chimeric antigen receptor T cells (UCAR T cells). (upenn.edu)
Several types of ACT round out the immunotherapy arsenal, including chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, T-cell receptor (TCR) therapy, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy. (aacr.org)
Cancer immunotherapy by chimeric antigen receptor-modified T (CAR-T) cells has shown exhilarative clinical efficacy for hematological malignancies. (ijbs.com)
Adoptive T-cell therapy with anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-expressing T cells is a new approach for treating advanced B-cell malignancies. (ashpublications.org)
In recent years, engineering T cell therapy has made great progress in tumor immunotherapy, which mainly includes T-cell receptor-engineered T cell (TCR-T) therapy and chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy. (cip.com.cn)
Chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells for acute lymphoid leukemia[J]. The New England Journal of Medicine , 2013 , 368 (16): 1509-1518. (cip.com.cn)
In melanoma especially, but now also in renal cell cancer and non-small cell lung cancer, immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (anti-CTLA4) and blockade of programmed death receptor-1-PD- ligand 1 (PD1-PD-L1) interaction, represent a completely new treatment paradigm, lowering the threshold for an anticancer immune response and breaking self-tolerance. (emjreviews.com)
Adoptive T cell therapy using genetically engineered T cells expressing a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) has revolutionized the treatment modalities in leukemia and lymphoma for more than a decade now. (nct-heidelberg.de)
The treatment involves using a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) that is placed on the surface of a T-cell so that it recognizes antigen targets on the tumor cells and can then attack and kill the tumor cells. (elicera.com)
One mechanism of NK cell anti-tumor activity is antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) induced via Fc receptor (CD16) binding to antibodies. (maxcyte.com)
Ex vivo expanded NK cells electroporated with mRNA encoding the high-affinity Fc receptor, CD16-158V, demonstrated a significant increase in CD16 surface expression (Figure 1A). (maxcyte.com)
Ex vivo expanded NK cells were electroporated with mRNA (4 µg/10 6 NK cells) encoding the high-affinity, CD16-158V Fc receptor. (maxcyte.com)
Retroviral transduction of tumor antigen-specific T-cell receptor (TCR) genes into lymphocytes redirects T cells to lyse tumors. (johnshopkins.edu)
The receptor for CD19 is an important functional regulator of normal and malignant B cell proliferation, and is expressed in all B cell precursor leukemias. (thermofisher.com)
γδ T cells express unique T cell receptor (TCR) γ and TCR δ chains, with structural and functional heterogeneity. (explorationpub.com)
Taking advantage of the diverse γδ TCR repertoire or other ligand-receptor interactions, γδ T cells can recognize a broad spectrum of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) in a major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-independent manner, thereby activating downstream pleiotropic effects. (explorationpub.com)
Adoptive cellular therapy, especially chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy, has gained unprecedented success among hematologic tumors [ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
a novel epstein-barr virus-latent membrane protein-1-specific t-cell receptor for tcr gene therapy. (liverpool.ac.uk)
adoptive transfer of genetically engineered t-cells to express antigen-specific t-cell receptor (tcr) is a feasible and effective therapeutic approach for numerous types of cancers, including epstein-barr virus (ebv)-associated malignancies. (liverpool.ac.uk)
Approaching the response issue from the other direction, Dr. Melero discussed invigorating T cell function using an agonist of the costimulatory receptor CD137, particularly in combination with other immunotherapies, such as ICB or adoptive T cell transfer. (acir.org)

In approved products, a patient's own T lymphocytes are collected by apheresis and transduced with a gene that encodes for a CAR to direct the T cells against cancer cells. (medscape.com)
Use of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and interleukin-2 in the immunotherapy of patients with metastatic melanoma. (cip.com.cn)
Adoptive T cell transfer using tumour- infiltrating lymphocytes or genetically modified T cells are under development, but have shown impressive clinical efficacy in several Phase II studies. (emjreviews.com)
ALL is a cancer of white blood cells called lymphocytes. (blogspot.com)
White blood cells called lymphocytes play an important part in fighting infection and diseases, including cancer. (blogspot.com)
Although the efficacy of adoptive transfer of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) was examined over several decades, genetically engineered T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) rapidly replaced the application of TILs due to their high specificity, non-MHC-restricted recognition of tumor antigen, superior potency, and improved in vivo persistency [ 9 , 13 , 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy is a type of adoptive cellular therapy by harvesting infiltrated lymphocytes from tumors, culturing and amplifying them in vitro and then infusing back to treat patients. (biomedcentral.com)
Currently, the most widely-used TIL production method is to isolate infiltrating lymphocytes from tumor tissues and then culture and expand these cells in vitro. (biomedcentral.com)
Furthermore, adoptive transfer of these lymphocytes has mediated objective responses in patients with metastatic cancer. (johnshopkins.edu)
From 2004 to 2006, more than 40 patients were treated with autologous gene-modified lymphocytes expressing a melanoma antigen-specific TCR at the National Cancer Institute. (johnshopkins.edu)
Although gene-modified lymphocytes persisted in vivo, the shutdown of TCR transgene expression was observed. (johnshopkins.edu)
Activated γδ T cells exhibit strong cytotoxic activity and cytokine secretion functions and are effective antitumor lymphocytes with simple and direct recognition modes and rapid responses. (explorationpub.com)

Despite the progresses made in treating hematological malignancies, challenges still remain for use of CAR-T cell therapy to treat solid tumors. (ijbs.com)
In this landscape, most studies have primarily focused on improving CAR-T cells and overcoming the unfavorable effects of tumor microenvironment on solid tumors. (ijbs.com)
However, due to intricacies of solid tumors and their locations in the human body, treatment of solid tumors with CAR-T cells is facing multiple obstacles, such as the hostile tumor microenvironment, on-tumor/off-tumor toxicities, and undesired antigen specificity [ 2 ]. (ijbs.com)
Encouragingly and optimistically, in this landscape, more than forty clinical trials in treatment of solid tumors by CAR-T cells have been registered in China alone (Table 1 ) [ 6 ]. (ijbs.com)
Therefore, in this review, we focus on current CAR-T techniques , obstacles, strategies for overcoming these obstacles, as well as necessary companion diagnostics in treatment of solid tumors with CAR-T cells. (ijbs.com)
A particular focus of our research is the analysis of immunological interactions between tumor cells and host or immune cells in the tumor microenvironment and periphery to identify predictive biomarkers and develop novel immunotherapeutic approaches for solid tumors (e.g. (nct-heidelberg.de)
Established tumors are complex, heterogeneous masses composed of malignant cells admixed with a variety of non-transformed host cells, including stromal cells, endothelial cells, and immune cells. (biomedcentral.com)
The prevention of immune cell access into the tumor, the accumulation of inhibitory FoxP3 + regulatory T cells (Treg) and/or myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), the activation of negative immunoregulatory pathways, and the dysregulation of effector T cells are all mechanisms by which tumors evade the host immune system. (biomedcentral.com)
Therefore, it is not surprising that physically preventing effector CD8 + T cell infiltration or inhibiting their activity once they gain access to the tumor might be a means by which tumors protect themselves from immune attack, enabling them to persist within the host. (biomedcentral.com)
T cells genetically equipped with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) or TCRs have shown remarkable effectiveness in treating some hematological malignancies, although the efficacy of engineered T cells in treating solid tumors is far from satisfactory. (blogspot.com)
TIL therapy is a type of adoptive cellular therapy leveraging the patient's own immune system to treat tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
Not only is high T-cell infiltration a positive prognostic factor, patients with tumors infiltrated by T-cells also respond significantly better when treated with CPIs. (elicera.com)
To achieve this, one must improve T-cell infiltration in tumors, partly by inducing an antitumoral T-cell response de novo in the tumors where T-cells are completely missing, and partly by breaking down barriers in cases where T-cells are stuck at the periphery of the tumor but have failed to enter. (elicera.com)
Elicera develops two different types of cancer immunotherapies, oncolytic viruses and CAR T-cell treatments, which both directly attack and kill cancer cells, but which also have been genetically modified in such a way that they also induce and activate the patient's T-cells to infiltrate tumors and attack cancer cells. (elicera.com)
Elicera develops two oncolytic immunotherapies, one of which (ELC-100/AdVince) currently is being tested in a clinical phase I/II-trial, sponsored by Uppsala University, in patients with neuroendocrine tumors (NET) and the other (ELC-201) representing a new generation of oncolytic virus with three combined mechanisms of action. (elicera.com)
The first approved CAR T-cell treatments target CD19, a protein found on the cell surface of B-cell tumors and thus on lymphoma and leukemia cells that originate from the B-lymphocyte cell line. (elicera.com)
Tumor immunotherapy brings substantial and long-term clinical benefits that can even cure tumors. (hindawi.com)
Tumor immunotherapy refers to novel therapeutic measures that turn the immune system into a destructive force against tumors [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
Combination of Adar1 loss and anti-PD-1 synergized to eliminate tumors and prolong survival in mice, and Adar1 deletion resensitized treatment-resistant tumors to immunotherapy, even in the case when tumor cells could not be recognized by CD8 + T cells due to B2m loss. (acir.org)
In tumors, antigen-specific functional ICOS + CD4 + cells were increased, and both ICOS + CD4 + and CD8 + T cells were increased in the blood of patients. (acir.org)
CXCL8) is produced by many solid tumors, where it attracts myeloid cells and potentiates the survival of tumor cells. (acir.org)

Importantly, CD19-CAR T cells modified by MC-based SB transposition were equally effective as LV transduced CD19-CAR T cells in vitro and in a murine xenograft model (NSG/Raji-ffLuc), where a single administration of CD8+ and CD4+ CAR T cells led to complete eradication of lymphoma and memory formation of CAR T cells after lymphoma clearance. (uni-wuerzburg.de)

In order to optimize the efficacy of CAR-T gene therapy, these checkpoint inhibitors can be blocked to stimulate a robust anti-tumor immune response, spearheaded by the CAR-T cells. (wikipedia.org)
CAR-T cells can also be combined with cytokines to improve the efficacy of the immunotherapy method. (wikipedia.org)
1 Another example, published recently in Nature 2 , indicates long-term, sustained remission in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia CAR T-cell therapy patients since 2010, results that have in a way championed the efficacy of targeted therapy. (partnerre.com)
To this end, supported by research demonstrating superior antitumor function of naïve derived effector T cells compared to central memory derived effector T cells, I am investigating whether preferential modification of naïve T cells to express CARs will generate a T cell subpopulation with increased efficacy. (stanford.edu)
Insights into future directions and challenges for the appropriate development of biomarkers to evaluate both product bioactivity and treatment efficacy of T cell therapy trials. (biomedcentral.com)
To apply allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in adoptive immunotherapy, the methodology used to obtain adequate cell numbers with optimal effector function in vitro needs to be optimized, and clinical safety and efficacy also need to be proven. (nature.com)
Among these 132 patients, 8 liver cancer patients and 10 lung cancer patients who received ≥5 cell infusions showed greatly prolonged survival, which preliminarily verified the efficacy of allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell therapy. (nature.com)
Our clinical studies underscore the safety and efficacy of allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell immunotherapy, which will inspire further clinical investigations and eventually benefit cancer patients. (nature.com)
Gurkan E, Patah PA, Saliba RM, Ramos CA, Anderson BS, Champlin R, de Lima M, Lichtiger B " Efficacy of prophylactic transfusions using single donor apheresis platelets versus pooled platelet concentrates in AML/MDS patients receiving allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. . (bcm.edu)
The antilymphoma efficacy of anti-CD19-CAR-transduced T cells was critically dependent on irradiation of mice before anti-CD19-CAR-transduced T-cell infusion. (ashpublications.org)
Anti-CD19-CAR-transduced T cells had superior antilymphoma efficacy compared with the anti-CD19 monoclonal antibody from which the anti-CD19 CAR was derived. (ashpublications.org)
Cancer immunotherapy, by relying on this basic recognition method, boosts the anti-tumor efficacy of T cells by unleashing the inhibition of immune checkpoints and expands adaptive immunity by facilitating the adoptive transfer of genetically engineered T cells. (blogspot.com)
Early studies on the transfer of unmodified autologous or allogeneic NK cells have established their clinical safety and demonstrated modest anti-tumor efficacy. (maxcyte.com)
According to current challenges, there is a need to explore innovative immunotherapies, maximize the tumor-killing efficacy of γδ T cells, and attenuate or eliminate tumor immunosuppression. (explorationpub.com)

The genetically modified autologous T cells are expanded in vitro at a production facility and then reinfused into the patient. (medscape.com)
Autologous or allogeneic T cells used for immunotherapy are usually genetically modified to express novel T cell or chimeric antigen receptors. (preprints.org)

In the review from Springer Nature), we summarize the development of genetically engineered T cells, outline the most recent studies investigating genetically engineered T cells for cancer immunotherapy, and discuss strategies for improving the performance of these T cells infighting cancers. (blogspot.com)

Immune gene therapy is a targeted approach to cancer therapy where actual immune cells of the patient and their genes are manipulated to produce an anti-tumor response. (wikipedia.org)
In regards to gene therapy, IL2 can be used to increase replication and dispersing of CAR-T cells throughout the body. (wikipedia.org)
Gene therapy introduces foreign genetic sequences to diseased cells in order to change the expression of these cancerous cells that are functioning with severely damaged genomes. (wikipedia.org)
A strategy in the treatment of cancer by harnessing the immune system, called adoptive cell therapy, is to use an individual's own immune cells (T cells) and genetically modify them to target them to kill the cancer. (ca.gov)
Several types of adoptive cell transfer are under investigation, but CAR T-cell therapy is the first to enter clinical practice. (medscape.com)
The first report of CAR T-cell therapy was in 2010, in a patient with advanced follicular lymphoma. (medscape.com)
It's worth adding here that the term targeted cancer therapy and immunotherapy are often not clearly differentiated and are used interchangeably. (partnerre.com)
CAR T-cell therapy, also called "adoptive cell immunotherapy", is a one-time treatment where a patient's T cells are removed and genetically modified in a special lab in such a way that they will attack cancer cells. (partnerre.com)
One example is adoptive cell therapy with T cells that were genetically modified with gamma-retroviral and lentiviral (LV) delivery vectors to express a CD19-specific chimeric The advances in genetic engineering have enabled us to confer T cells new desired functions or delete their specific undesired endogenous properties for improving their antitumor function. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
Consequently, there is a strong desire to make CAR T cell therapy scalable and globally available to patients. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
In conclusion, we provide a novel platform for virus-free genetic engineering of CAR T cells that can be broadly applied in T-cell cancer therapy. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
The third plenary session of the AACR Annual Meeting 2019 , titled "Manipulating the Immune System in Cancer Therapy," focused on recent advances in the field of immunotherapy. (aacr.org)
Unlike CAR T-cell therapy or TCR therapy, which modifies T cells taken from the blood, TIL therapy utilizes T cells that have infiltrated the tumor stroma, which requires a tumor biopsy. (aacr.org)
Rosenberg is beginning to develop a library of TCRs that can recognize shared mutations in the hope of utilizing them for TCR T-cell therapy for patients across a variety of tumor types, especially those with common epithelial cancers. (aacr.org)
T cell therapy represents an emerging and promising modality for the treatment of both infectious disease and cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
In the context of cell therapy trials, the definition of biomarkers can be extended to include a description of parameters of the cell product that are important for product bioactivity. (biomedcentral.com)
This review will focus on biomarker studies as they relate to T cell therapy trials, and more specifically: i. (biomedcentral.com)
An overview and description of categories and classes of biomarkers that are specifically relevant to T cell therapy trials, and ii. (biomedcentral.com)
To evaluate anti-CD19-CAR-transduced T cells in a murine model of adoptive T-cell therapy, we developed a CAR that specifically recognized murine CD19. (ashpublications.org)
Adoptive T-cell therapy with T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) is an active area of cancer research. (ashpublications.org)
12 , 13 Clinical trials in which patients with advanced B-cell malignancies receive T cells expressing anti-CD19 CARs are in early stages, and it is not known whether adoptive transfer of T cells targeting this self-antigen will be an effective therapy for B-cell malignancies. (ashpublications.org)
In this article, we address structure and signal activation, target selection, affinity optimization, safety modification and gene editing strategies for engineered T cells, and also review the potential synthetic biological approaches and latest progress of engineered T cell therapy in the application of tumor immunotherapy. (cip.com.cn)
Synthetic biology and engineered T cell therapy[J]. Synthetic Biology Journal, 2023, 4(2): 373-393. (cip.com.cn)
KERSTEN M J, SPANJAART A M, THIEBLEMONT C. CD19-directed CAR T-cell therapy in B-cell NHL[J]. Current Opinion in Oncology , 2020 , 32 (5): 408-417. (cip.com.cn)
MULLARD A. FDA approves fourth CAR-T cell therapy[J]. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery , 2021 , 20 (3): 166. (cip.com.cn)
A lot of extremely hard work has gone into this research, so I was thrilled to learn that the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) just announced today its first approval of a promising type of immunotherapy called CAR-T cell therapy for kids and young adults with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)-the most common childhood cancer in the U.S. (blogspot.com)
Carl June and his team had successfully treated three adults with their version of CAR-T cell therapy, which is grounded in initial basic research supported by NIH [1,2]. (blogspot.com)
CAR-T cell therapy involves genetically engineering immune T cells to recognize specific proteins, or antigens, on tumor cells and attack them. (blogspot.com)
Adoptive cell transfers using tumor-sensitized T cells fall in the category of specific passive immunotherapy, whereas transfers of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) or natural killer cells or genetically modified tissue cells exemplify passive nonspe- cific therapy. (forexsoftwarereviewsnow.com)
The Workshop associated with the 27th Annual Meeting of the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC), North Bethesda, MD, October 24-25, 2012 focused on targeting the tumor microenvironment as part of an integrative approach to immune-based cancer therapy. (biomedcentral.com)
To support these efforts, the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) held a workshop focused on targeting the tumor microenvironment as part of an integrative approach to immune-based cancer therapy. (biomedcentral.com)
CAR T-cell therapy is a type of immunotherapy- otherwise called a type of adoptive cell transfer. (blogspot.com)
CAR T-cell therapy is a very complex and specialized treatment where a specialist collects and makes a small change to your T cells. (blogspot.com)
To understand CAR T-cell therapy more, it helps to understand what T cells do. (blogspot.com)
Today, a vast number of immunotherapies have been developed- such as monoclonal antibodies (used to block abnormal proteins in a cancer cell), checkpoint inhibitors that remove barriers to anti-tumour immunity, oncolytic virus therapy, cancer vaccines and T-cell therapy. (blogspot.com)
Cell-based therapy has expanded its influence in cancer immunotherapy, regenerative medicine, and tissue engineering. (biomedcentral.com)
Cell surface engineering to provide new characteristics and functions to cells has drawn continuous interest from researchers in biomedical science as cell therapy has emerged as a prominent therapeutic strategy equivalent and complementary to the conventional therapeutic approaches. (biomedcentral.com)
However, CAR T-cell therapy has not been without its challenges, mainly regarding the high frequency with which patients relapse and the serious side effects experienced by many patients. (elicera.com)
Dr. Rosenberg's accomplishment has significantly contributed to the development of several immune system-based drugs and clinically effective immunotherapies including the CAR-T cell therapy. (ucoz.net)
Non-viral engineering of NK cells using MaxCyte ® mRNA electroporation provides significant benefits including high efficiency and low toxicity as well as clinical scalability enabling rapid development of novel adoptive cell therapy approaches. (maxcyte.com)
Establish overexpression of high-affinity CD16 on NK cells as a potential combination therapy for improving ADCC activity of anti-tumor monoclonal antibodies. (maxcyte.com)
The use of immunomodulatory adjuvants, eg, vaccination or cytokine therapy, for in vivo T-cell activation may help overcome this metabolic quiescence and thus augment cellular immunotherapy-based cancer therapy. (johnshopkins.edu)
In recent years, tumor immunotherapy has achieved significant success in various cancers and has been one of the hotspots in the life sciences, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive cellular therapy [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
Adoptive cellular therapy transmits the sensitized T cells to patients with low cellular immune function, which helps patients obtain antitumor immunity. (hindawi.com)
other immunotherapies were tested as well) as a neoadjuvant (before surgery) rather than as an adjuvant (post-surgery) therapy. (acir.org)
Overview of Cancer Therapy Curing cancer requires eliminating all cells capable of causing cancer recurrence in a person's lifetime. (msdmanuals.com)

The use of immune-checkpoint inhibitors has heralded a new era in cancer treatment with mortality improvements of metastatic melanoma, non-small lung cancer and renal cell carcinoma. (partnerre.com)
Pembrolizumab (Keytruda), a humanized monoclonal anti-PD-1 antibody, is the first anti-PD-1 antibody approved by the FDA for the treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma, non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, cervical cancer, colorectal cancer, and gastric/gastroesophageal junction cancer [ 4 - 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
In metastatic melanoma patients increased peripheral ICOS + CD4 + T cells correlated with improved survival. (acir.org)
Clinical trials have shown that for melanoma, NSCLC, or renal cell carcinoma patients treated with anti-PD-1, elevated serum IL-8 at baseline predicted lower survival. (acir.org)

He has published on how to optimize care pathways for patients with complex neurologic disease, including CNS lymphoma and CAR T cell neurotoxicity. (stanford.edu)
Kochenderfer et al described dramatic regression of the lymphoma after infusion of CAR T cells engineered to target CD19. (medscape.com)
This is a new cell-based treatment for dogs with B cell cancers such as B cell lymphoma and B cell leukemia. (upenn.edu)
Recently two CAR-T cell based therapeutics, Kymriah (Tisagenlecleucel) and Yescarta (Axicabtagene ciloleucel) approved by US FDA (US Food and Drug Administration) are now used for treatment of B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) respectively in the US. (ijbs.com)
Two CD19-targeting CAR-T cell products, Kymriah from the Novartis (East Hanover, NJ USA) and Yescarta from the Kite Pharma (Santa Monica, CA USA), have been approved by the US FDA for treating B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), respectively [ 1 ]. (ijbs.com)
We used T cells that were retrovirally transduced with this CAR to treat mice bearing a syngeneic lymphoma that naturally expressed the self-antigen murine CD19. (ashpublications.org)
Anti-CD19-CAR-transduced T cells eradicated intraperitoneally injected lymphoma cells and large subcutaneous lymphoma masses. (ashpublications.org)
To establish a murine model in which a completely syngeneic lymphoma could be treated by adoptive transfer of syngeneic CAR-transduced T cells, we developed a CAR that could specifically recognize murine CD19. (ashpublications.org)
The NCCN guideline for PTLD, which is integrated into the larger B-cell lymphoma guideline, provides the following algorithm to diagnose the disorder with steps categorized as either "essential" or "useful under certain circumstances. (medscape.com)
Specifically, demonstrate efficient expression of high-affinity CD16 in NK cells with minimal effects on cell viability and phenotype using mRNA electroporation and assess the effects of CD16-158V expression on rituximab - mediated cytotoxic activity against B cell lymphoma cells. (maxcyte.com)
In vitro cytotoxic activity against rituximab-coated CD20+ B cell lymphoma cells of CD16-engineered or non-engineered NK cells was assessed 24 hours post electroporation. (maxcyte.com)
Engineered NK cells had an enhanced ability to mediate ADCC as measured both via NK cell degranulation (CD107a expression, Figure 2A) and specific lysis of B cell lymphoma cells ( 51 Cr release assay, Figure 2B). (maxcyte.com)

Oncolytic viruses are designed to selectively infiltrate and kill tumor cells while leaving the normal cells intact and at the same time induce a potent anti-tumoral T cell response. (elicera.com)
As such oncolytic viruses could induce anti-tumoral T-cell responses de novo and therefore pave the way for CPIs that don't work unless a pre-activated immune system against cancer already exists. (elicera.com)
Oncolytic viruses have the ability to convert an immunologically 'cold' tumor with few tumor-reactive T-cells into a 'hot' tumor with increased T-cell infiltration, which has led to several ongoing clinical trials combining oncolytic viruses with CPI-treatment. (elicera.com)
The oncolytic virus must be non-pathogenic and have an inherent tumor-specific killing capacity or otherwise be genetically modified with these characteristics. (elicera.com)

The concept of enhancing cellular immunity through the transfer of ex-vivo expanded T cells was pioneered by Greenberg et al. (biomedcentral.com)
Moreover, γδ T cells can directly kill target cells without the involvement of dendritic cells (DCs) and perform dual functional roles in antitumor and anti-infective immunity. (nature.com)
The Tumor Immunology group closely collaborates with Prof. Jäger´s Clinical Cooperation Unit "Applied Tumor Immunity" at the DKFZ as well as with NCT-funded units of the NCT Immunotherapy Program (headed by Prof. Dr. Angelika Riemer (DKFZ) and Prof. Dr. Dirk Jäger). (nct-heidelberg.de)
In a joint effort together with the CCU "Applied Tumor Immunity" (DKFZ) we try to accelerate the identification of de novo, tumor antigen-specific CAR constructs to be used in personalized cancer immunotherapy. (nct-heidelberg.de)
Based on our implemented state-of-the-art tumor mutagenome analysis as well as in silico T cell epitope prediction pipeline that is combined with our highly sensitive peptide-loaded MHC-multimer-guided antigen-specific T cell discovery workflow (CCU "Applied Tumor Immunity" (DKFZ), Antigen Presentation and T/NK Cell Activation, PD Dr. Momburg ), we have already identified and validated several neoepitope-specific TCRs across various solid tumor identities. (nct-heidelberg.de)
T cells play central roles in cell-mediated adaptive immunity. (blogspot.com)
Her expertise in the study of T-cell biology, immune deficiencies and cellular immunity was very insightful in developing many other modalities for treating cancer using T-cells. (blogspot.com)
On the other hand, other ligands, such as HLA, bind to inhibitory receptors NKG2A and killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) to inhibit NK cells, providing a form of protection for self-cells from innate immunity. (molcells.org)
abrogated antiviral immunity and stable latently infected cells represent major barriers to cure. (liverpool.ac.uk)

At present, the mechanism of neurotoxicity caused by immunotherapy has not been completely elucidated. (hindawi.com)

Drugs used in chemotherapy, such as fludarabine phosphate and cyclophosphamide, work in different ways to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells, by stopping them from dividing, or by stopping them from spreading. (stanford.edu)
Giving CD19/CD22-CAR T cells and chemotherapy may work better in treating children or young adults with B acute lymphoblastic leukemia. (stanford.edu)
Your dog will receive chemotherapy prior to infusion and then will receive a single dose of UCART-20 cells that will be infused into your dog by an intravenous infusion (into a vein). (upenn.edu)
At first, the development of monoclonal antibodies - targeting overexpressed cell surface molecules on tumour cells - resulted in improved survival when combined with standard chemotherapy or radiotherapy. (emjreviews.com)
For chemotherapy drugs, one of the best characterized resistance mechanisms is overexpression of MDR1 , a cell membrane transporter that causes efflux of certain drugs (eg, vinca alkaloids, taxanes, anthracyclines). (msdmanuals.com)

Cellular receptors, antigens, and cofactor molecules are some such cellular manipulations to target cancer cells. (wikipedia.org)
through manipulation of these receptors and the molecules that bind them, expression of the CAR-T cell can be amplified. (wikipedia.org)
A possible solution to this problem is to include two different antigen receptors on the CAR-T cells to make them even more specific. (wikipedia.org)
Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) are synthetic proteins expressed on the surface of T cells. (medscape.com)
The urgent need for novel treatments inspired me to pursue a research project in adoptive immunotherapy, genetically modifying Tcells to express artificial T cell receptors, termed chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), that target AML specific antigens. (stanford.edu)
Immunotherapy of cancer envisions the adoptive transfer of T-cells genetically engineered with tumor-specific heterodimeric α/β T-cell receptors (TCRα/β). (oncotarget.com)
T CELLS in the immune system protect the human body from infection by pathogens and clear mutant cells through specific recognition by T cell receptors (TCRs). (blogspot.com)
Since researchers identified the molecular evidence of T cell receptors (TCRs) in the 1980's, the recognition of antigens by TCRs has been heavily investigated, and the molecular mechanisms governing this process have been elucidated, laying the foundation for cancer immunotherapy. (blogspot.com)
Importantly, no major changes in NK cell phenotype, as measured by expression of 15 inhibitory or activating surface receptors, were observed following electroporation with CD16-158V mRNA. (maxcyte.com)
Thus, the overall response of an NK cell depends on the balance of stimulating these different receptors. (molcells.org)
The ability of the B cell to respond in a specific, yet sensitive manner to the various antigens is achieved with the use of low-affinity antigen receptors. (thermofisher.com)
The researchers hypothesized that when PD-1 is blocked, other inhibitory receptors compensate and alter T cell signaling, therefore limiting response to PD-1 blockade. (acir.org)

Recommendation B. Create a translational science network devoted exclusively to immunotherapy approaches to treat and prevent adult cancers. (nih.gov)
Many strategies and approaches have been tried to overcome these obstacles, including arming CAR-T cells with knock-out of PD-1 expression or secretion of cytokines/chemokines and using CAR-T cells in combination with other treatments [ 3 - 5 ]. (ijbs.com)
Even though clinical results are encouraging for both approaches, several major challenges have been identified, including: target antigen selection such as less tumor toxicity and antigen escape, T cell homing to the tumor, T cell infiltration into the tumor, T cell persistence, and local immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment. (cip.com.cn)
achieving a cure for hiv, hepatitis b virus, epstein barr-virus, and others, requires novel approaches to facilitate the clearance of infected cells from the host. (liverpool.ac.uk)

This therapeutic approach has shown remarkable results against B-cell malignancies in pilot clinical trials. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
In the second part of the study, we ablated expression of PD-1, a checkpoint and negative regulator of T cell function to improve the therapeutic index of CAR T cells. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
To improve this therapeutic strategy, Rosenberg and colleagues developed a method to identify the exact antigens that the T cells could recognize. (aacr.org)
Due to their secretory functions, differentiation capabilities, specific homing effects through chemotaxis, distinctive therapeutic potentials, and ex vivo expandability, cells have become an attractive reagent for advanced therapeutic strategies. (biomedcentral.com)
Therefore, the ability to modify cells and manipulate their functions according to intended therapeutic designs has been the central scientific interest in the field of biomedical research. (biomedcentral.com)
Unfortunately, these breakthrough discoveries in both regenerative medicine and cancer immunotherapy using cells as therapeutic reagents soon faced a common problem: the inability to control cellular functions to maximize the therapeutic benefits. (biomedcentral.com)
While increased CD16 expression was transient in nature, this may not negatively impact the therapeutic potential of engineered NK cells due to the short persistence of adoptively transferred NK cells. (maxcyte.com)
therapeutic manipulation of host cell death pathways to facilitate clearance of persistent viral infections. (liverpool.ac.uk)

In vitro assays have also been performed to assess whether the lentiviral vector could potentially transform cells. (ca.gov)
We found that the expanded cells possessed significantly improved immune effector functions, including proliferation, differentiation, and cancer cell killing, both in vitro and in the humanized mouse model. (nature.com)
15 We have recently conducted experiments that demonstrated enhanced in vitro survival of human T cells that were transduced with an ErbB2-specific CAR when the first and third ITAMs of the CD3-ζ domain of the CAR were inactivated. (ashpublications.org)
Post electroporation, cells were resuspended in NK cell media and transferred to culture flasks for in vitro analysis. (maxcyte.com)

Gene modification of cells involves the transfer of foreign genetic material (DNA) into a cell, in this case the immune system cells and stem cells. (ca.gov)
To date, we have manufactured a batch of the lentiviral vector necessary to transfer the NY-ESO-1 TCR into stem cells and have demonstrated that this vector can gene-modify human stem cells. (ca.gov)
Due to their efficient gene delivery, viral vectors have been successfully used in T-cell engineering to provide gene transfer medicinal products for the treatment of human disease. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
In order to address these concerns, we aimed to improve non-viral gene transfer and genome editing tools as an effective, safe and broadly applicable alternative to viral delivery methods for T-cell engineering. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
NK cells play a pivotal role in rapid and highly efficient cancer surveillance and represent a promising avenue for adoptive cell transfer either as a mono- or combination immunotherapy. (maxcyte.com)
Adoptive cell transfer (ACT) is the latest arsenal in the battle against cancer. (molcells.org)
here, we describe a tcr gene transfer regimen to rapidly and reliably generate t-cells specific to ebv-encoded latent membrane protein-1 (lmp1), which is a potential target for t-cell-based immunotherapy. (liverpool.ac.uk)

BUSINESS WIRE)-- The Edogawa NICHE Committee today announced that the 2019-Edogawa NICHE Prize (www.edogawanicheprize.org) has been awarded to Dr. Steven A. Rosenberg, for his pioneering work in developing effective adoptive immunotherapies and genetically modified T cells which has heralded the birth of a new chapter in the fight against cancer. (ucoz.net)

The CAR approach has shown promising results in people with blood cancers such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), however, this is the first time that human CAR T cells will be used in canine patients. (upenn.edu)
The purpose of this study is to determine the safety, persistence and effectiveness of B cell specific UCART cells to target and kill B cells in dogs with B cell cancers. (upenn.edu)
for example, there are inconsistent views 24 on the intratumoral γδ T-cell signature as the most favorable prognostic biomarker 25 of cancers and discussions on the pro- and antitumor activities of γδ T cells. (nature.com)
Adaptive T cell immunotherapy holds great promise for the successful treatment of leukemia as well as other types of cancers. (preprints.org)
Single drugs may cure selected cancers (eg, choriocarcinoma, hairy cell leukemia). (msdmanuals.com)

Some regulatory proteins, specifically immune checkpoint inhibitors, have been found to reduce the ability of T cells to multiply within the body. (wikipedia.org)
Immune-checkpoint Inhibitors target so-called immune checkpoints, which are key regulators of the immune system, by cancelling the dampened immune response to cancer cells. (partnerre.com)
In this respect, the introduction of checkpoint inhibitors to unleash the activity of tumor-reactive T cells has been a milestone in cancer immunotherapy. (nature.com)
The biggest breakthrough in immuno-oncology comes from so-called checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) that block immune-suppressing signaling in T-cells, thereby giving them greater chance to attack cancer cells. (elicera.com)
This is, in a sense, logical because checkpoint inhibitors help those T-cells that already exist by blocking their brakes. (elicera.com)
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are antibodies that target crucial signaling pathways, such as programmed death 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), to improve the activation of T cells and enhance the immune response to cancer cells. (hindawi.com)
Haining concluded that Adar1 is a checkpoint, and its removal could potentially induce sufficient inflammation to restrict tumor growth while bypassing the need for recognition of tumor by CD8 + T cells. (acir.org)

it recognizes a specific protein on the surface of malignant cells (eg, CD19 on B-cells). (medscape.com)
One infusion of anti-CD19-CAR-transduced T cells completely eliminated normal B cells from mice for at least 143 days. (ashpublications.org)
Our results demonstrated impressive antilymphoma activity and profound destruction of normal B cells caused by anti-CD19-CAR-transduced T cells in a clinically relevant murine model. (ashpublications.org)
CD19 expression is restricted to normal mature B cells, malignant B cells, and B-cell precursors. (ashpublications.org)
1 In addition, the optimal approach to treating patients with anti-CD19-CAR-expressing T cells is not known. (ashpublications.org)
The serious side effects include several reported deaths and are attributed to CAR T-cells targeting the CD19-antigen found on immune system B-cells, the most studied target in the CAR T field. (elicera.com)
Flow cytometry analysis of CD19 was performed by staining Raji CD19 Knock out cells with 0.25 µg Mouse IgG1 kappa Isotype Control (P3.6.2.8.1), PE, eBioscience™ (Product # 12-4714-82, yellow histogram) or 0.25 µg CD19 Monoclonal Antibody (HIB19), PE, eBioscience™ (Product # 12-0199-42, blue histogram). (thermofisher.com)
CD19 is expressed by B cells during all stages of development excluding the terminally differentiated plasma cells. (thermofisher.com)
Follicular dendritic cells also express CD19. (thermofisher.com)
Signaling through CD19 induces tyrosine phosphorylation, calcium flux and proliferation of B cells. (thermofisher.com)
The CD19 molecule is expressed on 100% of the peripheral B cells as defined by expression of kappa or lambda light chains. (thermofisher.com)
CD19 appears to be expressed on myeloid leukemia cells, particularly those of monocytic lineage. (thermofisher.com)
Leukemia phenotype studies have demonstrated that the earliest and broadest B cell restricted antigen is the CD19 antigen. (thermofisher.com)
Related studies have reported that the complete response rate of CD19-CAR-T cells in hematological malignancies is approximately 88-90% [ 13 , 14 ]. (hindawi.com)
Blinatumomab is a bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE) targeting CD19 on malignant B cells and CD3 on normal host T cells. (hindawi.com)

Cytokines are messenger molecules that can act on themselves, nearby cells, or distant cells. (wikipedia.org)
Small molecules, such as cytokines, interferon, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and kinase inhibitors, primarily target the inside of cancer cells. (partnerre.com)
Besides, the effects of different T cell functional modulators and cytokines on TIL manufacture have also been examined. (biomedcentral.com)

In this study, we hypothesize that gene-modified stem cells will allow a sustained production of active T cells with antitumor activity. (ca.gov)
Since there is a delay in the appearance of the T cells that come from stem cells to get out of the bone marrow and into the blood, we will give patients both gene-modified T cells for a first wave of antitumor activity and gene-modified stem cells which will provide a bridge until the stem cells have produced more T cells. (ca.gov)
The advances in genetic engineering have enabled us to confer T cells new desired functions or delete their specific undesired endogenous properties for improving their antitumor function. (uni-wuerzburg.de)

The body's own immune system is used to attack the tumor cells, therefore the immune system can naturally attack the specific cancer cells again to in the future if necessary. (wikipedia.org)
This means the body's T cells will attack its own healthy cells instead of the cancer cells when the antigen is lacking specificity with just the cancer cell. (wikipedia.org)
One of the most exciting areas of progress involves immunotherapy, a treatment strategy that harnesses the natural ability of the body's own immune cells to attack and kill tumor cells. (blogspot.com)
With Immunotherapy, we take advantage of the body's own natural defenses that's a lot smarter than any doctor. (blogspot.com)
This review of cancer immunotherapy brings us to the work of DR. AISHA HASAN - innovative research specialist in clinical pursuit of a cancer immunotherapy breakthrough by harnessing the body's T-cells. (blogspot.com)

Despite these efforts, there are still no CAR-T cells clinically approved for solid tumor treatment so far. (ijbs.com)

Firstly, the antigens of interest expressed on the cancer cells may sometimes be expressed on regular body cells, too. (wikipedia.org)
Monoclonal antibodies are large molecules which bind to specific antigens on the surface of cancer cells, marking them for destruction by immune cells. (partnerre.com)
These strategies rely on the isolation of T cells, which are either genetically modified to target tumor-specific antigens or are expanded from an endogenous population that recognizes tumor neoantigens. (aacr.org)
Most CARs that are being evaluated in current clinical and preclinical studies recognize self-antigens that are expressed by normal tissues as well as malignant cells. (ashpublications.org)
Her tenure at Sloan Kettering Cancer Center was spent working with several research groups to develop bi-specific antibodies, and TCR mimic antibodies that can then be made into engineered T-cells, which would then target antigens expressed on tumor cells. (blogspot.com)
They are medicines that can be introduced into the body which can multiply upon encountering the targeted antigens on tumor cells, and thereby provide ongoing protection against cancer to patients in need. (blogspot.com)
Furthermore, T cells and NK cells complement each other in that certain immune suppression mechanisms taken by tumor cells that are effective against T cells, such as the downregulation of human leukocyte antigens (HLA), have proven to be stimulatory for NK cells. (molcells.org)

NK cells were isolated from healthy peripheral blood mononuclear cells (CD16-158F/F donors) and expanded ex vivo for 11-15 days with irradiated EBV-SMI-LCL cells. (maxcyte.com)
Non-electroporated, ex vivo expanded NK cells were used as a control to assess endogenous CD16 expression. (maxcyte.com)

Last but not least, although not yet available in the clinical setting, cancer vaccines should also be mentioned here - these are in development to stimulate an immune response to attack existing cancer cells. (partnerre.com)

Treatment with CAR T-cells is often referred to as 'adoptive immunotherapy' and typically involves extracting, genetically modifying, and expanding the patient's own T-cells before injecting them back into the patient to find and kill cancer cells. (elicera.com)

The purpose of this specific FOA is to establish a Data Resource associated with clinical trials in cellular immunotherapy as a component of the Immuno-Oncology Translation Network (IOTN). (nih.gov)

Vγ9Vδ2 T cells recognize pyrophosphates secreted by many microbes or overproduced by malignant cells in the context of butyrophilin 3A1 molecules. (nature.com)

Background: The widespread adoption of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (Allo-HSCT) has significantly improved the survival rates of patients with hematological malignancies. (bvsalud.org)
Immunotherapy with CAR-T cells has achieved tremendous successes in treatment of hematological malignancies. (ijbs.com)

This treatment utilizes a patient's own immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells. (aacr.org)
In the past two decades, immunotherapy of cancer has developed into an established treatment option. (emjreviews.com)
Life sciences professionals believe that immunotherapy will revolutionize cancer treatment. (hindawi.com)
After treatment, tumor-specific T cells from mice treated with neoadjuvant immunotherapy had an increased expression of granzyme B, TNFα, and IFNγ. (acir.org)
Pre- and post-treatment tumor analysis after anti-CTLA-4 treatment demonstrated changes in a number of T cell genes, the most surprising of which was the ICOS pathway. (acir.org)

LARSON R C, MAUS M V. Recent advances and discoveries in the mechanisms and functions of CAR T cells[J]. Nature Reviews Cancer , 2021 , 21 (3): 145-161. (cip.com.cn)

Tumor-specific T cells are identified, expanded, and infused into the lymphodepleted patient, where they can help mediate tumor regression. (aacr.org)
The memory response originated with previously dysfunctional tumor-specific T cells and did not involve de novo priming. (acir.org)

However, the accumulation of evidence suggests that immunotherapy also induces severe and complex neurologic immune-related adverse events (ir-AEs) and even leads to immunotherapy-related death, which arouses the concern of clinicians. (hindawi.com)

The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
1 , 2 , 14 Phosphorylation of tyrosines in immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs) of CD3-ζ molecules is important for T-cell activation. (ashpublications.org)
however the expression of inhibitory molecules (PD-L1, VISTA) increased on the newly infiltrating T cells, suggesting the need for targeting multiple pathways in prostate cancer. (acir.org)

Conclusion: Low-dose DAC-intensified modified conditioning regimen could improve prognosis in AML/MDS Patients treated with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. (bvsalud.org)
Graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) is a common and severe complication following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). (bvsalud.org)

Anatomy23

Organisms6

Diseases16

Chemicals and Drugs60

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment25

Phenomena and Processes19

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science1

Therapies24

Receptor32

Lymphocytes12

Tumors21

Transduced CD19-CAR T cells1

Efficacy14

Autologous2

Investigating genetically engineered1

Therapy46

Melanoma4

Lymphoma12

Oncolytic4

Immunity9

Neurotoxicity1

Chemotherapy5

Receptors12

Approaches4

Therapeutic8

Vitro4

Transfer7

20191

Cancers5

Checkpoint7

CD1915

Cytokines3

Antitumor3

Body's5

Clinically1

Antigens7

Vivo2

Cancer vaccines1

Involves1

Clinical trials1

Malignant cells1

Malignancies2

Treatment5

20211

Tumor-specific T cells2

Complex neurologic1

Molecules3

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem c2