Genetic receptors nicotinic. Medical search. Frequent questions

Arneric SP, Holladay M, Williams M. Neuronal nicotinic receptors: a perspective on two decades of drug discovery research. (medlineplus.gov)
Varenicline is a partial agonist at alpha4beta2 and a full agonist at alpha7 neuronal nicotinic receptors. (nature.com)

The CHRNB2 gene provides instructions for making one part (subunit) of a larger protein called a neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR). (medlineplus.gov)
We identified expression levels of Chrna6, which encodes the α6 subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), as highly associated with allodynia. (nih.gov)
SPIDR was tested using the potent and selective 16-amino acid peptide α -conotoxin MII ligand and the α 3 β 2 -nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) isoform. (biomedcentral.com)
SPIDR incorporates a genetic algorithm-based, heuristic search procedure, which was used to explore the ligand binding domain of the α 3 β 2 -nAChR isoform using a library consisting of 640,000 α -conotoxin MII peptide analogs. (biomedcentral.com)
In the present study, we extend our previous work to investigate whether or not this heteromeric α7β2-nAChR is also expressed in hippocampal GABAergic interneurons and to determine its sensitivity to pathologically relevant concentration of Aβ oligomer by utilizing electrophysiological, histological and genetic engineering approaches. (biomedcentral.com)
It is known that α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR) agonists can correct the impaired P50 gating. (epiphanyasd.com)
[ 1 , 2 ] Although the chief target of the autoimmune attack in most cases is the skeletal muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), other antigenic targets that are components of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) have also been implicated. (medscape.com)

Cahill K, Stead LF, Lancaster T . Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation. (nature.com)
5. In the presence of nicotinic agonists, Ca2+i responses were transient. (ox.ac.uk)
30. New trends in cholinergic therapy for Alzheimer disease: nicotinic agonists or cholinesterase inhibitors? (elsevier.com)
Alpha7-nicotinic receptor agonists, currently the target of drug development in schizophrenia and Alzheimer Disease, may also have positive clinical effects in autism spectrum disorder. (epiphanyasd.com)
BACKGROUND: Nicotine receptor partial agonists may help people to stop smoking by a combination of maintaining moderate levels of dopamine to counteract withdrawal symptoms (acting as an agonist) and reducing smoking satisfaction (acting as an antagonist). (who.int)
OBJECTIVES: The primary objective of this review is to assess the efficacy and tolerability of nicotine receptor partial agonists, including varenicline and cytisine, for smoking cessation. (who.int)

Nicotinic receptors, with a molecular mass of 290 kDa, are made up of five subunits, arranged symmetrically around a central pore. (wikipedia.org)
The neuronal subtypes are various homomeric (all one type of subunit) or heteromeric (at least one α and one β) combinations of twelve different nicotinic receptor subunits: α2−α10 and β2−β4. (wikipedia.org)
In both muscle-type and neuronal-type receptors, the subunits are very similar to one another, especially in the hydrophobic regions. (wikipedia.org)
In neuronal nAChRs, the binding site is located at the interface of an α and a β subunit or between two α subunits in the case of α7 receptors. (wikipedia.org)
These receptors are thought to be heteropentamers composed of separate but similar subunits. (nih.gov)
Understanding what other subunits combine with beta2 to form the critical receptors that regulate anxiety could lead to selective therapeutics with fewer side effects," she said. (sciencedaily.com)
Accordingly, we have analysed polymorphisms in the genes that encode the α4 and β2 subunits, CHRNA4 and CHRNB2 respectively, for genetic associations with late-onset AD. (uhi.ac.uk)
Aβ perturbs a number of synaptic components including nicotinic acetylcholine receptors containing α7 subunits (α7-nAChRs), which are abundantly expressed in the hippocampus and found on GABAergic interneurons. (biomedcentral.com)
Gene polymorphism in nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits also has a great influence on the ability to quit smoking. (bvsalud.org)
Her primary focus was on neurobiology and disease, and her achievements included cloning and sequencing ten human neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits. (sjsu.edu)

Nicotinic receptors get their name from nicotine which does not stimulate the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors but selectively binds to the nicotinic receptors instead. (wikipedia.org)
"Our research on this disease model also shows that when we administer nicotine, it binds to the nicotinic receptors in interneurons and influences the pyramidal cell activity in the prefrontal cortex, which returns to a normal state of activity," explained Fani Koukouli, first author of this study. (pasteur.fr)

In addition, polymorphism of certain nicotinic acetylcholine receptors was found to affect the risk of dementia and the impact of tobacco smoking on the development of Alzheimer's disease. (bvsalud.org)
Many studies have shown a genetic determination of nicotine dependence and an association between genetic variants of certain nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (e.g. the CHRNA4 SNP rs1044396) and nicotine dependence. (fu-berlin.de)

This study evaluated association between common and rare sequence variants in 10 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit genes and the severity of nausea 21 days after initiating the standard, Food and Drug Administration-approved varenicline regimen for smoking cessation. (nature.com)
Resequencing of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor genes and association of common and rare variants with the Fagerström test for nicotine dependence. (nature.com)
Numerous studies aiming to identify the genetic variants or candidate genes have found a large number of promising genes and chromosomal regions involved in the etiology of nicotine addiction [ 13 ]. (hindawi.com)
Genes encoding proteins that affect neurotransmitter release, receptor function and inactivation have been implicated in autism. (sfari.org)
Multiple distinct risk loci for nicotine dependence identified by dense coverage of the complete family of nicotinic receptor subunit (CHRN) genes. (snpedia.com)
The advent of genome sequencing revealed in humans and other species thousands of genes encoding proteins that had not been identified by previous biochemical or genetic studies. (biorxiv.org)
In addition, the neural mechanism, if one exists, that links nicotinic receptor genes to smoking behavior in adolescents is still unknown. (kcl.ac.uk)

Abnormalities in CHRNA7, the alpha7-nicotinic receptor gene, have been reported in autism spectrum disorder. (epiphanyasd.com)

They possess similarities with GABAA receptors, glycine receptors, and the type 3 serotonin receptors (which are all ionotropic receptors), or the signature Cys-loop proteins. (wikipedia.org)
With the increase of this protein, not only the presence of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors but also a number of other proteins that are needed for the proper formation maturation of synapses, get better. (healthjockey.com)
Moreover, neuromodulators control the activity of these proteins through G-protein coupled receptor signaling cascades. (frontiersin.org)
16. Activation, cellular redistribution and enhanced degradation of the G proteins Gq and G11 by endogenously expressed and transfected phospholipase C-coupled muscarinic m1 acetylcholine receptors. (elsevier.com)
20. Participation of small GTP-binding proteins in m3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor signalling to phospholipase D and C. (elsevier.com)

Aims Studies have shown association between common variants in the alpha 6-beta 3 nicotinic receptor subunit gene cluster and nicotine dependence in European ancestry populations. (rti.org)
The CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 nicotinic receptor subunit gene cluster affects risk for nicotine dependence in African-Americans and in European-Americans. (snpedia.com)

Association between a genetic variant of the alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit and four types of dementia. (cdc.gov)

The Nicotinic Receptor Polymorphism rs16969968 Is Associated with Airway Remodeling and Inflammatory Dysregulation in COPD Patients. (nih.gov)

Introduction: The common genetic variant (rs1051730) in the 15q24 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene cluster CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 was associated with smoking quantity and has been reported to be associated also with reduced ability to quit smoking in pregnant women but results were inconsistent in non pregnant women. (vu.nl)

The protein encoded by this gene is a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit and a member of a superfamily of ligand-gated ion channels that mediate fast signal transmission at synapses. (nih.gov)

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, or nAChRs, are receptor polypeptides that respond to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. (wikipedia.org)
As ionotropic receptors, nAChRs are directly linked to ion channels. (wikipedia.org)
Furthermore, we show that Chrna6's role in analgesia is at least partially due to direct interaction and cross-inhibition of α6* nAChRs with P2X2/3 receptors in DRG nociceptors. (nih.gov)
Nicotine, as the primary psychoactive component of tobacco smoke, produces diverse neurophysiological, motivational, and behavioural effects through interactions with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the central nervous system (CNS). (hindawi.com)
900-fold selectivity for α4β2 nAChRs over other neurotransmitter receptors. (tocris.com)

The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor likewise gets its name from a chemical that selectively attaches to that receptor - muscarine. (wikipedia.org)
14. Regulation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor expression and function. (elsevier.com)

Association of the neuronal nicotinic receptor beta2 subunit gene (CHRNB2) with subjective responses to alcohol and nicotine. (nature.com)
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor beta2 subunit gene implicated in a systems-based candidate gene study of smoking cessation. (nature.com)
They found that inactivation of beta2 subunit, a specific sub-class of nicotinic receptors that bind nicotine, appears to reduce anxiety. (sciencedaily.com)
According to Brunzell, from a therapeutic perspective it will be important to discover if blocking beta2 subunit containing nicotinic receptors relieves anxiety in smokers. (sciencedaily.com)

Genetic variability in nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and nicotine addiction: converging evidence from human and animal research. (snpedia.com)
Genetic variability of cytochrome P450 2A6 has a major impact on smokers' behavior and their response to quitting therapies. (bvsalud.org)

Nicotinic acetylcholine gene cluster CHRNA5-A3-B4 variants influence smoking status in a Bangladeshi population. (nih.gov)

The nicotinic receptors are considered cholinergic receptors, since they respond to acetylcholine. (wikipedia.org)
15. The role of G-protein coupled receptor kinases in the regulation of muscarinic cholinergic receptors. (elsevier.com)

They were able to identify the precise cell type whose activity was affected by the genetic mutation: interneurons (small neurons that create connections between neuronal networks). (pasteur.fr)

In a non-pathological state, the activity of the prefrontal cortex is modulated by neurotransmitters (acetylcholine) via the nicotinic receptors found at the surface of neurons. (pasteur.fr)
Here the role of the receptor includes helping the neurons communicate signals among themselves and also to the rest of the body. (healthjockey.com)
9. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on hippocampal neurons: cell compartment specific expression and modulatory control of channel activity. (elsevier.com)

Muscarinic and nicotinic receptors raise intracellular Ca2+ levels in rat carotid body type I cells. (ox.ac.uk)
Neuromodulatory transmitters engage G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), activating intracellular signaling cascades that then can directly activate or modify the properties of ion channels. (frontiersin.org)

Since nicotinic receptors help transmit outgoing signals for the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems, nicotinic receptor antagonists such as hexamethonium interfere with the transmission of these signals. (wikipedia.org)
Thus, for example, nicotinic receptor antagonists interfere with the baroreflex that normally corrects changes in blood pressure by sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation of the heart. (wikipedia.org)
Nicotinic antagonists that block the receptor include mecamylamine, dihydro-β-erythroidine, and hexamethonium. (wikipedia.org)

Using genetic strategies, they are attempting to determine the specific molecular make-up of the nicotinic receptors that regulate anxiety. (sciencedaily.com)
13. Molecular aspects of muscarinic receptor assembly and function. (elsevier.com)
Combined with my background in molecular biological research and current genetic technologies, this course of learning will give me the resources and experience to be able to connect medical professionals and students with the genetic information they need to make a positive difference in the lives of their patients," she said. (sjsu.edu)
We found some articles related to environmental interactions with inherited genotype and others on environmental exposures that damage genetic material and initiate molecular pathways of pathogenesis. (cdc.gov)

In the peripheral nervous system: (1) they transmit outgoing signals from the presynaptic to the postsynaptic cells within the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system, and (2) they are the receptors found on skeletal muscle that receive acetylcholine released to signal for muscular contraction. (wikipedia.org)
Role of presynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the regulation of gastrointestinal motility. (nature.com)
Normal neuromuscular junction showing a presynaptic terminal with a motor nerve ending in an enlargement (bouton terminale): Synaptic cleft and postsynaptic membrane with multiple folds and embedded with several acetylcholine receptors. (medscape.com)

4. While the majority of the ACh-sensitive cells responded to both classes of cholinergic agonist, 29% responded exclusively to nicotinic stimulation and 9% responded exclusively to muscarinic stimulation. (ox.ac.uk)

At the neuromuscular junction they are the primary receptor in muscle for motor nerve-muscle communication that controls muscle contraction. (wikipedia.org)
The autoimmune attack occurs when autoantibodies form against the nicotinic acetylcholine postsynaptic receptors at the neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscles (see the image below). (medscape.com)
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a relatively rare autoimmune disorder in which antibodies form against acetylcholine nicotinic postsynaptic receptors at the neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscles (see the image below). (medscape.com)

Consistent deficits in the cholinergic system are evident in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, including selective loss of α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the brains of AD patients. (uhi.ac.uk)

To manage the speedy extracellular buildup and prevent the dangerous consequences of overstimulating glutamate receptors, an efficient transport method dynamically regulates the extracellular glutamate levels, thus stopping glutamate accumulation and "spillover" among neighboring synapses (Dunlop, 2006). (nicotinic-receptor.com)

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are the best-studied of the ionotropic receptors. (wikipedia.org)

Chr15q25 Genetic Variant rs16969968 Alters Cell Differentiation in Respiratory Epithelia. (nih.gov)
There was a genetic contribution wherein the volume reduction effects were magnified in smokers who were carriers of the high-risk genotype of the alpha 5 nicotinic receptor subunit gene, rs16969968. (kcl.ac.uk)
The common nonsynonymous variant rs16969968 in the α5 nicotinic receptor subunit gene (CHRNA5) is the strongest genetic risk factor for nicotine dependence in European Americans and contributes to risk in African Americans. (ox.ac.uk)

We then applied this model to evaluation set subjects (n = 12,115) and tested the association of RBA with tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, and genetic variants. (nature.com)
In this study, we aimed to reproduce the P300 amplitude reduction as it was demonstrated in previous studies and we also wanted to investigate a possible role of the genetic variants of the CHRNA4 SNP rs1044396. (fu-berlin.de)
Elliott also played a critical role in completing a large genome-wide association screen for genetic variants of Alzheimer's Disease. (sjsu.edu)

Pharmacological profile of the alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist varenicline, an effective smoking cessation aid. (nature.com)
Reduction in glutamate-receptor activity by genetic or pharmacological means reverses cellular and behavioral deficits in fragile X mouse models. (sfari.org)

This work is unique because it suggests that nicotine may be acting through inactivation, rather than activation, of the high affinity nicotinic receptors," said Darlene Brunzell, Ph.D., assistant professor in the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology in the VCU School of Medicine. (sciencedaily.com)
The prediction of the specific interaction of a small molecule and biological receptor is a central problem in biochemistry and pharmacology. (biomedcentral.com)

The analysis showed that, despite individual environmental and genetic variation, a combination of three unrelated metabolites (C22:1-CoA, C2-carnitine and C16-ceramide) together formed an accurate signature for predicting insulin resistance. (asbmb.org)

Varenicline: an alpha4beta2 nicotinic receptor partial agonist for smoking cessation. (nature.com)

Varenicline was developed as a nicotine receptor partial agonist from cytisine, a drug widely used in central and eastern Europe for smoking cessation. (who.int)
SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group's specialised register for trials, using the terms ('varenicline' or 'cytisine' or 'Tabex' or 'nicotine receptor partial agonist') and 'smoking' in the title or abstract, or as keywords. (who.int)

Recently, the genetic mutation CHRNA5, which encodes a nicotinic receptor subunit, was identified as being associated with the cognitive impairments in schizophrenic patients and with nicotine dependence. (pasteur.fr)

Small-molecule Peptide-Influenced Drug Repurposing (SPIDR) was developed to identify small molecule drugs that target a specific receptor by exploring the conformational binding space of peptide ligands. (biomedcentral.com)

He further says, "Now that these associations have been made, we believe that nicotine in smokers' brains possibly increases the level of neurexin-1 and, as a consequence, helps bring more receptors to the synapses and makes those circuits highly efficient, reinforcing the addiction. (healthjockey.com)
On the other hand, people addicted to nicotine have these receptors in large numbers in their brains. (healthjockey.com)
So we knew that there was a genetic link to the process leading to synapse formation, and we had nicotinic receptors that had disappeared in the brains of autistic patients. (healthjockey.com)
It is also known that people with schizophrenia have less expression of this receptor in their brains than typical people. (epiphanyasd.com)

Bertrand S, Weiland S, Berkovic SF, Steinlein OK, Bertrand D. Properties of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor mutants from humans suffering from autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy. (medlineplus.gov)
Finally, we establish the relevance of our results to humans by the observation of genetic association in patients suffering from chronic postsurgical and temporomandibular pain. (nih.gov)
Genetic changes in microbes, animal vectors, and humans were included. (cdc.gov)

Our research employs genetic engineering in mice as well as biochemical methods. (lu.se)

We find that mechanical allodynia associated with neuropathic and inflammatory injuries is significantly altered in α6* mutants, and that α6* but not α4* nicotinic receptors are absolutely required for peripheral and/or spinal nicotine analgesia. (nih.gov)

We used microarray-based expression genomics in 25 inbred mouse strains to identify dorsal root ganglion (DRG)-expressed genetic contributors to mechanical allodynia, a prominent symptom of chronic pain. (nih.gov)

The α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor has a special relevance because it triggers an increased dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens after nicotine intake, thereby modulating the reward system. (fu-berlin.de)

The aim of this protein is to attract another protein, a specific type of nicotine acetylcholine receptor, to the synapses. (healthjockey.com)

Therefore, it is important to explore if there is genetic and environmental factor interaction in association with brain aging. (nature.com)
Further research is needed to address the role of rs1051730 genetic variant in influencing smoking cessation and the interaction with important environmental factors like smoking behavior of the partner. (vu.nl)
Nicotine is the principal addictive component of tobacco smoke and works in the brain by interaction with the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. (fu-berlin.de)

8. The results indicate that, in rat carotid body type I cells, both nicotinic and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors increase [Ca2+]i, but achieve this via different mechanisms. (ox.ac.uk)

We investigated the possible origin of this outbreak and its relations with CNFB-associated rabies in mainland China via genomic organization and characterization and analysis of genetic diversity and phylogeographic origin of RABV-TWFB. (cdc.gov)

We investigate whether this generalizes to African Americans, whether the association is specific to nicotine dependence and whether this region contains additional genetic contributors to nicotine dependence. (rti.org)

Conclusions: Our results did not support a strong association between this genetic variant and smoking during pregnancy. (vu.nl)

This double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study in two adult patients investigated whether an investigational receptor-specific partial agonist drug would increase the inhibitory functions of the gene and thereby increase patients' attention. (epiphanyasd.com)

Preclinical data suggests inactivation of a specific sub-class of nicotinic receptors may be an effective strategy to help smokers quit without feeling anxious, according to researchers. (sciencedaily.com)
The apparent positive association of the genetic instrument with fetal growth in non-smokers suggests that genetic pleiotropy may have masked a stronger association in smokers. (plos.org)
However, based on smokers' genetic makeup, pharmacogenetics can be used to develop novel therapies to replace these traditional approaches. (bvsalud.org)

Neuronal nicotinic receptors2

NAChR7

Agonists6

Subunits10

Binds to the nicotinic receptors2

Certain nicotinic acetylcho2

Genes7

Alpha7 nicotinic receptor1

Proteins5

Subunit gene cluster2

Alpha 7 nicotinic1

Polymorphism1

CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB41

Ligand-gated io1

NAChRs5

Muscarinic acetylch2

Beta2 subunit4

Variability2

Gene cluster1

Cholinergic receptors2

Interneurons1

Neurons3

Intracellular2

Antagonists3

Molecular4

Presynaptic3

Stimulation1

Neuromuscular junction3

Selective1

Glutamate receptors1

Ionotropic receptors1

Rs169699683

Variants3

Pharmacological2

Pharmacology2

Variation1

Alpha4beta21

Varenicline2

Encodes1

Small molecule1

Brains4

Humans3

Mice1

Mutants1

Mechanical allodynia1

Dopamine release1

Synapses1

Interaction3

Mechanisms1

Characterization1

Nicotine dependence1

Variant1

Partial1

Smokers3