Genetic mammalian embryonic. Medical search. Frequent questions

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are pluripotent stem cells derived from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst, an early-stage pre-implantation embryo. (wikipedia.org)
Finally, genetic studies in mice show that Dpy30 is also necessary to maintain pluripotency in the pregastrulation embryo, thereby confirming the existence of similar regulations in vivo during early embryonic development. (ox.ac.uk)
Dolly is not the first reported mammalian clone, but the first one which involved neither forced 'twinning' of an embryo, or implanting an embryonic nucleus. (creation.com)
We identified a mouse mutant that causes embryonic gonadal sex reversal: the development of ovaries in an XY embryo. (plos.org)
This approach allows to more systematically modulate and analyse behaviour, while generating large numbers of embryo models for drug and genetic screens, biochemistry and genomic analysis. (blastoid.org)

Recent studies have shown that transporters can mediate drug-drug interactions, and transporter genes are subject to genetic polymorphism which may affect pharmacokinetic parameters of a drug, such as absorption, distribution, and excretion. (helsinki.fi)
Genetic polymorphism occurs in several genes that code drug metabolizing enzymes or drug transporters. (helsinki.fi)
To understand regulation of gene expression and to delineate the function of mammalian genes, we routinely create transgenic & gene knockout mice by performing DNA microinjection into mouse eggs, and genetic manipulation of mouse embryonic stem cells. (ccmb.res.in)
Thus, we define a novel genetic landscape by which diverse, unrelated autism risk genes may converge to commonly affect the robustness of synaptic transmission. (sdbonline.org)
Mario Capecchi and Oliver Smithies were both seeking ways of specifically altering the mammalian genome, Capecchi with a view to inserting new genes into cells and Smithies in the hope of correcting genetic defects that lead to disease. (nobelprize.org)
The technique allowed them to target individual genes with exquisite precision, producing the genetic alterations they sought, but only at the cellular level. (nobelprize.org)
Combining the two, by modifying genes in embryonic stem cells and then injecting those cells into fertilized mouse eggs, made it possible to rear mice with discrete genetic modifications that would be inherited between generations. (nobelprize.org)
Here, we use human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) to show that the Activin-SMAD2/3 signaling pathway cooperates with the core pluripotency factor NANOG to recruit the DPY30-COMPASS histone modifiers onto key developmental genes. (ox.ac.uk)
reported successful derivation of monkey haploid embryonic stem cells from parthenotes, which provide an effective platform for studying mammalian gene function and enable reverse genetic screening of genes for recessive phenotypes in monkeys. (psu.edu)
The genetic basis of this condition remains largely unknown, as no developmental genes other than paired box gene 6 ( PAX6 ) are known to be implicated in sporadic bilateral ONA. (molvis.org)
The fact that the DNA of a fully differentiated (adult) cell could be stimulated to revert to a condition comparable to that of a newly fertilized egg and to repeat the process of embryonic development demonstrates that all the genes in differentiated cells retain their functional capacity, although only a few are active. (who.int)
Next, the importance of embryonic developmental genes such as homeobox and T-box transcription factors are highlighted in conduction system development and function. (medscape.com)

Aside from these uses, ESCs can also be used for research on early human development, certain genetic disease, and in vitro toxicology testing. (wikipedia.org)
Embryonic diapause (dormancy) is a state of temporary arrest of embryonic development that is triggered by unfavorable conditions and serves as an evolutionary strategy to ensure reproductive survival. (biomedcentral.com)
Scientists from Seattle and Berlin have published an atlas on mouse embryonic development. (mpg.de)
Junyue Cao, Malte Spielmann and their colleagues describe, which cell types differentiate between days 9.5 and 13.5 of mouse embryonic development, and how they transform into organs. (mpg.de)
All of this takes place in the first third of embryonic development. (mpg.de)
Role of Otx1 and Otx2 in brain evolution: functional equivalence between the invertebrate Orthodenticle and the murine OTX1 and OTX2 gene products supports a conserved genetic program of brain development between insects and mammals. (cnr.it)
The exact nature of these interactions, which determine the lineage patterning of the trophectoderm and endoderm tissues occurring in a highly regulated manner at precise periods during the embryonic development, is an area of debate. (lu.se)
Since that time, these cells have given us a wealth of information of how mammalian embryos, including human babies, develop in the womb and how development continues following birth. (scitizen.com)
Just as importantly, research on these cells has been providing us with what happens when foetal development goes wrong, either because of a genetic defect or one that is imposed, for example, by a chemical or drug. (scitizen.com)
Genetic dissection of the NURF complex using Smarca1, Smarca5, and Bptfsingle and double mouse knockouts revealed the importance of NURF composition and dosage for proper forebrain development. (bvsalud.org)
In mammals, whether an individual develops as a male or female depends on its sex chromosome constitution: those with a Y chromosome become males because of the development of the embryonic gonad into a testis. (plos.org)
Pharmacological and genetic strategies that experimentally inhibit or delay apoptosis in mammalian systems have elucidated the key contribution of this process not only to (post-)embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis, but also to the etiology of multiple human disorders. (unibe.ch)
Our group gathers embryologists, stem cell biologists, genetic engineers, and computational biologists, and is grounded in fundamental stem cell biology and in technology development including microsystems, 3D high-content imaging screens, single cell genomics, computational analysis, and collaborations with theoretical physicists. (blastoid.org)
Therapeutics acting at the onset of embryonic development would offer opportunities to improve public health through effective family planning and to reduce an ongoing global fertility decrease with profound economic, social, environmental, and geopolitical consequences. (blastoid.org)
Mammalian fertilization and subsequent embryonic development depend in part on the inherent integrity of sperm genome. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Reproductive success, including optimal embryonic development and healthy offspring, greatly depends on the integrity of the sperm chromatin structure, its genome and epigenome. (basicmedicalkey.com)
This includes, 1) how small RNAs regulate gene expression in the male germline to support spermatogenesis and fertility, 2) how small RNAs are packaged into mature sperm, 3) how RNAs transmitted during fertilization are able to regulate early embryonic gene expression and development, and 4) how this regulation can alter developmental programs to produce a non-genetically inherited phenotype. (upenn.edu)
Embryonic Development" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (childrensmercy.org)
This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Embryonic Development" by people in this website by year, and whether "Embryonic Development" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (childrensmercy.org)
Below are the most recent publications written about "Embryonic Development" by people in Profiles. (childrensmercy.org)
Genetically manipulated mice, often incorporating gene-based reporters, are frequently being used to model and understand mammalian development and disease processes. (biomedcentral.com)
While mechanisms of embryonic development are well conserved among mammals, the progression speed tends to be slower in larger species. (irbbarcelona.org)
During mouse embryonic development, a subpopulation of neural crest cell-derived melanocytes migrates and incorporates into a subregion of the cochlear epithelium, forming the intermediate cell layer of the stria vascularis. (jneurosci.org)
The neural crest (NC) is comprised of specialized cells that arise from the lateral border of the neural plate and migrate into specific locations during vertebrate embryonic development. (jneurosci.org)
NC cells contribute to several inner ear structures during embryonic development. (jneurosci.org)
In the last four decades, transgenic and knockout mouse models have helped to understand the mechanisms of mammalian sex determination, germ cell development, and adult gonad functions. (lidsen.com)
He earned his PhD from Genetic Reproduction and Development institute, Auvergne University, France. (amrita.edu)
Dr. Aradhya aims to understand molecular aspects regulating the development of mesodermal derivatives both in Drosophila and mammalian counterparts. (amrita.edu)
Genetic or teratogenic disruption of Hh signalling during development in vertebrates results in a characteristic series of anomalies [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
This condition occurs when the nerves in the intestine (enteric nerves) do not form properly during development before birth (embryonic development). (medlineplus.gov)
As a result, these nerves do not form normally during embryonic development. (medlineplus.gov)
The development of caged MOs (cMOs) has significantly extended the versatility of these reverse-genetic tools. (cdc.gov)

Researchers are currently focusing heavily on the therapeutic potential of embryonic stem cells, with clinical use being the goal for many laboratories. (wikipedia.org)
The cells are being studied to be used as clinical therapies, models of genetic disorders, and cellular/DNA repair. (wikipedia.org)
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs), derived from the blastocyst stage of early mammalian embryos, are distinguished by their ability to differentiate into any embryonic cell type and by their ability to self-renew. (wikipedia.org)
Embryonic stem cells of the inner cell mass are pluripotent, meaning they are able to differentiate to generate primitive ectoderm, which ultimately differentiates during gastrulation into all derivatives of the three primary germ layers: ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm. (wikipedia.org)
Pluripotency distinguishes embryonic stem cells from adult stem cells, which are multipotent and can only produce a limited number of cell types. (wikipedia.org)
Under defined conditions, embryonic stem cells are capable of self-renewing indefinitely in an undifferentiated state. (wikipedia.org)
In addition to their potential in regenerative medicine, embryonic stem cells provide a possible alternative source of tissue/organs which serves as a possible solution to the donor shortage dilemma. (wikipedia.org)
According to a 2002 article in PNAS, "Human embryonic stem cells have the potential to differentiate into various cell types, and, thus, may be useful as a source of cells for transplantation or tissue engineering. (wikipedia.org)
His work has led to major advances in our understanding of mammalian cloning and embryonic stem cells. (wraltechwire.com)
Human Embryonic Kidney cells (HEK) is a human derived mammalian cell-line that is widely used in the study of OATP1B1 transporter. (helsinki.fi)
Diploidy is a fundamental genetic feature in mammals, in which haploid cells normally arise only as post-meiotic germ cells that serve to insure a diploid genome upon fertilization. (nih.gov)
Gamete manipulation has yielded haploid embryonic stem (ES) cells from several mammalian species, but as of yet not from humans. (nih.gov)
RNA sequencing analysis was performed on a total of 15 samples, including haploid and diploid human parthenogenetic embryonic stem cells at different differentiation states and cell cycle phases. (nih.gov)
Although all cells contain the same genetic material, they develop into different directions. (mpg.de)
Role of Otx2 in Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs): Otx2 is an intrinsic determinant required to maintain the ESC metastable state by antagonizing ground state pluripotency and promoting commitment to differentiation. (cnr.it)
The mouse genetics laboratory includes well-furnished infrastructure for culture of embryonic stem cells, cryopreservation of embryos, micro-manipulation of embryos, animal surgery, construction of transgenes & gene knock-out vectors, identification of transgenic & knock-out mice, and analysis of gene expression. (ccmb.res.in)
Mammalian embryogenesis is a dynamic process involving gene expression and mechanical forces between proliferating cells. (lu.se)
We have developed a computational modeling framework for studying this process, where the combined effects of mechanical and genetic interactions are analyzed within the context of proliferating cells. (lu.se)
At a purely mechanical level, we demonstrate that the perpendicular alignment of the animal-vegetal (a-v) and embryonic-abembryonic (eb-ab) axes is a result of minimizing the total elastic conformational energy of the entire collection of cells constrained by the zona pellucida. (lu.se)
Trombly MI, Wang X. A Recessive Genetic Screen for Components of the RNA Interference Pathway Performed in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells. (umassmed.edu)
Dr. Multani has extensive expertise in the field of Human and Mammalian Cytogenetics, and specializes in the evaluation of genetic instability and complex chromosomal rearrangements in cancer cells, telomere dysfunction, characterization of embryonic stem cells, and authentication of cell lines. (mdanderson.org)
Working against a background of skepticism, they independently discovered that they could use a natural mechanism, revealed decades before by Joshua Lederberg in bacteria, to introduce short sequences of manipulated DNA into the chromosomes of mammalian cells growing in the laboratory. (nobelprize.org)
The real value of embryonic stem cells? (scitizen.com)
Several controversies surround the use of human embryonic stem cells: Is it ethical to use them? (scitizen.com)
Will embryonic stem cells ever be used to treat human diseases? (scitizen.com)
The focus of the media and the public has almost exclusively been on these issues but the value of embryonic stem cells, to this point in time, lies elsewhere. (scitizen.com)
As with many important scientific discoveries, embryonic stem (ES) cells came onto the scene long before the media and most of the rest of us became intensely interested in the subject. (scitizen.com)
In addition, embryonic stem cells may be modified by homologous recombination for use in producing chimeric or transgenic mammalian hosts, which may be used as source of universal donor organs. (justia.com)
The protective mechanism which protects the host from disease, as a result of invasion of viruses, bacteria, or other pathogens, is also able to recognize cells which come from a different mammalian host, even an allogeneic host. (justia.com)
In this case, the researchers used a neat genetic trick called a conditional knockout to shut down the signaling of sonic hedgehog only in the neural crest cells. (harvard.edu)
Other embryonic cells are unaffected. (harvard.edu)
Starvation of glucose, an essential nutrient, is thought to promote autophagy in mammalian cells. (gla.ac.uk)
Glucose withdrawal induces cell death that can occur by apoptosis (in Bax, Bak-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts or HeLa cells) or by necrosis (in Rh4 rhabdomyosarcoma cells). (gla.ac.uk)
Inhibition of autophagy by chemical or genetic means by using 3-methyladenine, chloroquine, a dominant negative form of ATG4B or silencing Beclin-1, Atg7, or p62 indicated that macroautophagy does not protect cells undergoing necrosis or apoptosis upon glucose deprivation. (gla.ac.uk)
Most of the tumors represent hamartomas and, in many organs, resemble embryonic cells, suggesting that the defect occurs at an early stage in life. (medscape.com)
Blastoids form through the assembly of trophoblast stem cells and embryonic stem cells (mouse) and through the self-organization of PXGL pluripotent stem cells (human). (blastoid.org)
Up to now, they exposed that, at this early stage, the embryonic cells produce numerous inductive signals that guide the proliferation, self-renewal, morphogenesis, and patterning of the trophoblast cells (the future placenta). (blastoid.org)
2. Embryonic signals perpetuate polar-like trophoblast stem cells and pattern the blastocyst axis. (blastoid.org)
Targeted or gene trap mutations are generated in strain 129/SvEvBrd-derived embryonic stem (ES) cells. (mmrrc.org)
Spermatozoa, one of the two most pivotal cells of biological existence, are responsible for mediating the transfer of genetic information to subsequent generations. (basicmedicalkey.com)
The lab utilizes a combination of state-of-the-art genomic, molecular biology, and assisted reproduction techniques across multiple model systems including mice, embryonic stem cells, and C. elegans to understand these questions. (upenn.edu)
We have previously demonstrated the utility and developmental neutrality of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) in embryonic stem (ES) cells and mice [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
When it comes to genetic editing for humans and other species however, "cells have defence mechanisms - a process called gene silencing - that actually resist the genetic manipulation or the activation of a new programmed state," Kotter states, before going on to explain that "gene silencing has emerged as a mechanism that specifically constrains our ability to program human cells. (ddw-online.com)
Kotter further explains how the execution of code is recognised as a "big bottleneck when it comes to mammalian and especially human cells. (ddw-online.com)
Some examples include industrial cell lines such as Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells, having reduced long-term yields during manufacturing due to silencing 1 . (ddw-online.com)
The company's proprietary opti-ox (optimised inducible overexpression) technology is what bit.bio uses to execute these genetic programs in human stem cells. (ddw-online.com)
It is also different from metabolic engineering, which uses the techniques of genetic engineering to maximize cells' production of commercially useful products, such as insulin. (technologyreview.com)
2005). Notch1 and syndecan-1 potent human embryonic stem (ES) cells. (lu.se)

Genetically-modified mice have therefore frequently helped to reveal a gene's function and, since mice and humans share a remarkable genetic similarity, they also serve as models of many human diseases. (nobelprize.org)
The stage-specific embryonic antigen 4 (SSEA4) is com- isolate the NSCs from neonatal mice and rats (Campos monly used as a cell surface marker to identify the pluri- et al. (lu.se)
Immunohisto- have been used for positive selection of NSCs from em- chemistry on human embryonic central nervous system bryonic mice (Nagato et al. (lu.se)

Activin/nodal signaling and NANOG orchestrate human embryonic stem cell fate decisions by controlling the H3K4me3 chromatin mark. (ox.ac.uk)
Using these data, we characterized parent-specific changes in genome structure across embryonic stages, revealed single-cell chromatin domains in zygotes, and uncovered epigenetic memory of global chromosome positioning within individual embryos. (cngb.org)
Therefore, the purpose of this book chapter is to understand the structure of mammalian sperm chromatin and its impact on the rapidly advancing postgenomic era. (basicmedicalkey.com)

We are particularly interested in how RNAs present in sperm are capable of transmitting non-genetic information to their progeny, influencing offspring phenotype. (upenn.edu)
Although symmetry is a characteristic of the external mammalian phenotype and of some internal organs, notably the genitourinary system, much of our internal anatomy, notably the cardiovascular, pulmonary, and gastrointestinal systems, is asymmetrical. (medscape.com)

if it implants and the pregnancy goes to term, the resulting individual will carry the same nuclear genetic material as the donor of the adult somatic cell. (who.int)

Pluripotency factors Oct4 and Nanog play a role in transcriptionally regulating the embryonic stem cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
Due to their plasticity and potentially unlimited capacity for self-renewal, embryonic stem cell therapies have been proposed for regenerative medicine and tissue replacement after injury or disease. (wikipedia.org)
Happily, the embryonic stem cell cultures that Martin Evans was then developing provided the necessary vehicle for taking such gene manipulations from the Petri dish into the whole animal. (nobelprize.org)
Here we show a novel function for Retinoblastoma family member, p107 in controlling stem cell expansion in the mammalian brain. (rupress.org)
Blastoids reveal principles for promoting stem cell self-organisation in a dish, and could contribute, on the long term, to understand and test solutions to problems of infertility, pregnancy failure or the embryonic origin of diseases. (blastoid.org)

Perhaps most dramatic of these is holoprosencephaly, a congenital anomaly characterised by a failure of the embryonic forebrain to separate into two chambers. (biomedcentral.com)

For improving our understanding of epigenetic regulation of gene expression: the biological mechanisms that affect how genetic information is variably expressed. (wraltechwire.com)
The power source needs to be battery-powered while being able to fine-tune mammalian gene expression over time using a voltage and can connect medical interventions to the Internet of Things (IoT) or Internet of Bodies (IoB). (electropages.com)

We created an in vitro model of the mammalian blastocyst that we called blastoid. (blastoid.org)

Genetic interaction of mammalian IFT-A paralogs regulates cilia disassembly, ciliary entry of membrane protein, Hedgehog signaling, and embryogenesis. (childrensmercy.org)

These days, more advanced mammalian genetics tools allow researchers to engineer more precise ways to tackle complex problems. (harvard.edu)
This research was supported by Core Funding to AG at the Medical Research Council (MRC) Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell, United Kingdom (U.1426.00.004.00001.01). (plos.org)

Intriguingly, we found that a haploid genome is compatible not only with the undifferentiated pluripotent state, but also with differentiated somatic fates representing all three embryonic germ layers, despite a persistent dosage imbalance between the autosomes and X chromosome. (nih.gov)
The ease of manipulating its genome has helped establish the mouse as the premier model organism for mammalian genetic studies. (biomedcentral.com)

His research has provided experimental foundations and inspiration for progress in germline genetic modification in a range of species, which has generated a revolution in biology, medicine, and agriculture. (wraltechwire.com)
Now we are extending this approach of cross-species comparison to other mammalian species, including cows and rhinos, and other developmental processes. (irbbarcelona.org)
Most natural cloning occurs in those species that produce their descendants asexually, that is, without combining the male and female genetic material. (who.int)
Although many species produce clonal offspring in this fashion, Dolly, the lamb born in 1996 at a research institute in Scotland, was the first asexually produced mammalian clone. (who.int)

To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to combine cell-based spatial mechanical simulations with genetic networks to explain mammalian embryogenesis. (lu.se)

Zygotic mutants develop to pupal stages, but do not eclose, whereas maternal mutants display severe defects in early embryonic patterning (Veraksa, 2002). (sdbonline.org)

Deformed epidermal autoregulatory factor-1 (DEAF-1) is a transcription factor that was originally shown to bind the autoregulatory enhancer of the Deformed ( Dfd ) Hox gene, which is activated in embryonic head segments of Drosophila (Gross, 1996). (sdbonline.org)

Hamartin and tuberin heterodimerize and inhibit mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), the mammalian target of rapamycin. (medscape.com)

Human genetic studies have identified mutations in the sodium channel SCN5A gene causing tachyarrhythmia disorders, as well as progressive cardiac conduction system diseases, or overlapping syndromes. (medscape.com)

Three mammalian Hh ligands have been identified, namely Sonic Hedgehog (SHH), Indian Hedgehog (IHH) and Desert Hedgehog (DHH) [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

The Sf9 cell line is isolated from Spodoptera frugiperda insect and is one of the standard in vitro tools in a genetic engineering study. (helsinki.fi)

The most common method for investigating embryonic developmental disorders is to concentrate on a single organ system in the mouse and conduct gene knockout studies. (mpg.de)

Certain forms of genetic manipulation may help feed hungry nations 3 , or heal inherited diseases. (creation.com)

All 'genetic engineering' by humans of the amazing DNA program of living things, far from confirming evolution, merely shows us creative intelligence manipulating an already-existing batch of information coded on DNA. (creation.com)
The amplifi ed cDNAs were sequenced in the antigenetically BAV-consistent viruses were isolated from 3100-Avant Genetic Analyzer (Applied Biosystems, Foster pigs, cattle, and humans in Yunnan Province and from the City, CA, USA). (cdc.gov)

A very small proportion of families exist whose genetic localization has not been determined. (medscape.com)

In mammals, the genotype first determines the sex in the genetic sex phase. (lidsen.com)

Genetic dissection of HGF signaling via c-MET reveals that the incorporation of the melanocytes into the future stria vascularis of the cochlear duct requires c-MET signaling. (jneurosci.org)

These genetic circuits often come into play when medical conditions are being controlled, and many gene switches can be triggered in the presence of small molecular compounds such as antibiotics, vitamins, food additives, cosmetics, or volatile fragrances. (electropages.com)
The asymmetry is specific and originates in the genetic and molecular identity of the embryonic midline developmental field complex. (medscape.com)

A subsequent electrophysiology-based genetic screen identifies the first known heterozygous mutations that commonly genetically interact with multiple ASD gene orthologs, causing PHP to fail. (sdbonline.org)
CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that genetic NDDs caused by mutations in CSNK2A1, DYRK1A, and PP2R5D are associated with unique dental manifestations, and knowledge of these features can be helpful to personalize dental care. (bvsalud.org)
Mutations in the RET gene are the most common known genetic cause of Hirschsprung disease. (medlineplus.gov)

In this study we have used embryonic stem (ES) cell-mediated transgenesis to test the enhanced cyan fluorescent protein (ECFP) and enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP), two mutant and spectrally distinct color variants of wild type (wt) GFP. (biomedcentral.com)
The protein sequences were aligned with the Until now, no mammalian cell line has been reported to T-COFFEE program version 5.05 ( 9 ) with Chinese and Ja- propagate BAV, and experimental infection with BAV has vanese BAVs. (cdc.gov)

Finally, we propose that genetic alterations affecting different NURF components result in a NDD with a broad clinical spectrum. (bvsalud.org)

Su H, Trombly MI, Chen J, Wang X. Essential and overlapping functions for mammalian Argonautes in microRNA silencing. (umassmed.edu)

Synthetic biology has evolved over the years to the point where analogue gene switches have been assembled to create complex genetic circuits that can program cellular behaviour. (electropages.com)

Investigating the role of cell membrane proteins has increased over the last decade, as drugdrug interactions and genetic polymorphisms have been found to cause changes in drug pharmacokinetics and dynamics. (helsinki.fi)

Since many clinically used drugs are transported by OATP2B1, changes in the function of the transporter due to genetic polymorphism could lead to altered pharmacokinetics or -dynamics of OATP2B1 substrate drugs. (helsinki.fi)

Using opti-ox, "we can edit and insert genetic information without disturbing the function of the cell," Kotter says. (ddw-online.com)
Maximum likelihood phyloge- been propagated in various mammalian cell lines. (cdc.gov)
However, an animal created through this technique would not be a precise genetic copy of the source of its nuclear DNA because each clone derives a small amount of its DNA from the mitochondria of the egg (which lie outside the nucleus) rather than from the donor of cell nucleus. (who.int)

Anatomy37

Organisms35

Chemicals and Drugs66

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment32

Phenomena and Processes86

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science4

Health Care2

Embryo5

Genes12

Development32

Cells48

Mice3

Chromatin3

Phenotype2

Adult1

Stem cell5

Forebrain1

Gene expression2

Blastocyst1

Regulates1

Genetics2

Genome2

Species4

Embryogenesis1

20021

Drosophila1

Inhibit1

Human1

Hedgehog1

Vitro1

Mouse1

Manipulation1

Humans2

Localization1

Mammals1

Reveals1

Molecular2

Mutations3

Protein2

Alterations1

Essential1

Cellular1

Interactions1

Polymorphism1

Cell3