Genetic inbreeding. Medical search. Frequent questions

But though a small fraction of the genome of non-African populations today is Neanderthal, their genetic contribution is uneven. (newswise.com)
Many vulnerable populations in fragmented habitats face similar genetic problems to the Neanderthals: inbreeding, low genetic diversity, and accumulation of harmful mutations. (newswise.com)
One management strategy for overcoming these problems is genetic rescue-improving the health of an inbred population by outcrossing it with other populations. (phys.org)
In this study, we tested whether mating system variation among populations, and associated changes in genetic variability, affected short-term responses to environmental challenges. (datadryad.org)
We compared relative fitness and metabolome profiles of naturally outbreeding (genetically diverse) and inbreeding (genetically depauperate) populations of a perennial plant, Arabidopsis lyrata, under constant growth chamber conditions and an outdoor common garden environment outside its native range. (datadryad.org)
Specifically, naturally occurring inbreeding had no significant effects on the plasticity of metabolome profiles, using either multivariate approaches or analysis of variation in individual metabolites, with inbreeding populations showing similar physiological responses to outbreeding populations over time in both growing environments. (datadryad.org)
We conclude that low genetic diversity in naturally inbred populations may not always compromise fitness or short-term physiological capacity to respond to environmental change, which could help to explain the global success of selfing mating strategies. (datadryad.org)
Avendaño S., Villanueva B., Woolliams J.A., Expected increases in genetic merit from using optimised contributions in two livestock populations of beef cattle and sheep, J. Anim. (gse-journal.org)
Wray N.R., Thompson R., Prediction of rates of inbreeding in selected populations, Genet. (gse-journal.org)
The creation of ultra-high density genetic maps using large populations of advanced recombinant inbred lines (RILs) is an efficient way to identify QTL for complex agronomic traits. (biomedcentral.com)
The present study demonstrates fine-scale spatial patterns of genetic variation and contemporary gene flow of red panda ( Ailurus fulgens ) populations with respect to landscape connectivity in Kangchenjunga Landscape (KL), India. (nature.com)
however, because the increased proportion of deleterious homozygotes exposes the allele to natural selection, in the long run its frequency decreases more rapidly in inbred populations. (wikipedia.org)
I. Bartish Peterson and J. Peterson, "Effects of Population Size on Genetic Diversity, Fitness and Pollinator Community Composition in Fragmented Populations of Anthericum liliago L," Plant Ecology, Vol. 198, No. 1, 2008, pp. 101-110. (scirp.org)
To fully comprehend the genetic diversity of maize inbred lines, an extensive analysis of a vast collection of inbred lines from various populations using a variety of morphological traits is necessary. (sabraojournal.org)
We research ecological processes in populations of fungi, plants and animals using genetic methods, and complement these with experimental studies. (wsl.ch)
Populations living on isolated islands are often small and are well-suited studying genetic problems. (eurasiareview.com)
there is a general lack of eggplant experimental populations, such as recombinant inbred lines (RILs), advanced backcrosses (ABs), introgression lines (ILs) or multiparent advanced generation intercross (MAGIC) populations. (frontiersin.org)
In the face of environmental changes or the emergence of new pathogens, populations with high genetic diversity are more likely to have individuals with genetic traits that provide resistance or tolerance. (realdetroitweekly.com)
Conversely, phenotypic variation in genetically diverse populations is a result of both genetic and epigenetic factors operating in tandem. (elifesciences.org)
Genotype is an important determinant factor of host susceptibility to periodontitis in the Collaborative Cross and inbred mouse populations. (bvsalud.org)
The aim of this study was to determine the phenotypic response of inbred and Collaborative Cross (CC) mouse populations to periodontal bacterial challenge, using an experimental periodontitis model. (bvsalud.org)
These results strongly support the possibility of using the Collaborative Cross, as well as developing dedicated F2 (resistant x susceptible inbred strains ) resource populations , for future dissection of genetic factors in periodontitis . (bvsalud.org)
By carefully selecting individuals based on their low mutation load, we can minimize the loss of fitness that is normally associated with inbreeding in small populations", says Bengt Hansson. (lu.se)

What are the unique advantages of using inbred mice in genetic and genomic research? (jax.org)
This MicroLesson is designed to meet the needs of people who are new to utilizing laboratory mice for genetic and genomic research projects, including graduate and postdoctoral students, research assistants, early career scientists, lab technicians and advanced undergraduates with a background in biology. (jax.org)
Learn the basic naming conventions you need to communicate clearly and accurately about inbred and hybrid mice. (jax.org)
Learn about breeding schemes that generate coisogenic, recombinant inbred, consomic and congenic mice. (jax.org)
To determine the breadth and underpinning of changes in immunocyte gene expression due to genetic variation in mice, we performed, as part of the Immunological Genome Project, gene expression profiling for CD4(+) T cells and neutrophils purified from 39 inbred strains of the Mouse Phenome Database. (ox.ac.uk)
We profiled individual differences in alcohol consumption upon initial exposure and during 5 weeks of voluntary alcohol intake in female mice from 39 BXD recombinant inbred strains and parents using the drinking in the dark (DID) method. (northumbria.ac.uk)
Erratum to "Genetic influences on hippocampal structure and function in recombinant inbred mice" [Behav. (northwestern.edu)
We confirmed this finding with CTCF ChIP-seq that revealed strain-specific binding in the inbred founder mice. (elifesciences.org)
The inbred CBA/CaJ (CB) and hybrid CBB6F1 strains of mice exhibited only temporary threshold shift with rapid recovery after exposure to 110 decibels for 1 or 2 hours, and they exhibited no evidence of any AHL. (cdc.gov)
The inbred C57BL/6J-mice (B6) and hybrid B6D2F1-mice demonstrated extensive permanent threshold shift and subsequent onset of AHL. (cdc.gov)
The authors conclude that the major differences observed for permanent threshold shift in the B6 and B6D2F1-mice and the minimal temporary threshold shifts in the CB and CBB6F1-mice support the hypothesis for a major genetic difference among these strains. (cdc.gov)
The findings demonstrated the advantages of using inbred and F1 hybrid strains of mice which are genetically well defined, numerous and readily available. (cdc.gov)
Genetic relationship between anxiety-related and fear-related behaviors in BXD recombinant inbred mice. (bvsalud.org)
Genetic control of resistance to Trypanosoma cruzi in inbred mice / by Ruth Anna Wrightsman. (who.int)
Strains of laboratory mice that are inbred for higher metabolic rates show stronger immune responses to immune challenge with stronger antigen-specific IgM production than strains bred for lower metabolic rates. (cdc.gov)

Consequently, a smaller number of animals get selected which can lead to a reduction in genetic diversity in a population. (icbf.com)
Genetic Diversity is defined as the variation in the amount of genetic information within and among individuals of a population, a species or a breed. (icbf.com)
It is very important to maintain genetic diversity for the future survival of the breed. (icbf.com)
Selfing plant lineages are surprisingly widespread and successful in a broad range of environments, despite showing reduced genetic diversity, which is predicted to reduce long-term evolutionary potential. (datadryad.org)
The allelic frequency data were used to estimate genetic similarities among lines, and as a result the diversity index of 0.499 was obtained. (jipb.net)
A small population of plants flowering in isolation provided the opportunity to examine outcrossing rates, genetic diversity and the paternity of progeny at a small spatial scale (0.2 ha). (scirp.org)
Four microsatellite loci were screened for genetic diversity and spatial structure analysis. (scirp.org)
High genetic diversity was found in both adults and progeny with an estimated 97% outcrossing rate. (scirp.org)
We analyzed genetic diversity at thousands of genetic markers across the entire genome in more than 10,000 Thoroughbred horses from all of the major breeding regions of the world. (scientificamerican.com)
But without genetic diversity, you can get health and behavior issues related to inbreeding. (scientificamerican.com)
A checkered past for Australia's koalas means that the tuft-eared marsupials have low genetic diversity - a sign of inbreeding. (livescience.com)
The event which reduced the genetic diversity of koalas must have happened a long time ago. (livescience.com)
Low genetic diversity means that koalas may struggle to adapt to changing climate conditions or new diseases. (livescience.com)
That means that the loss of genetic diversity in koalas did not occur recently, Greenwood said. (livescience.com)
In any breeding program, the creation of high-yielding maize hybrids with the best possible heterosis expression depends on the genetic diversity of the parental inbred lines. (sabraojournal.org)
This study aimed to quantify the genetic diversity of eight inbred lines of maize using morphological features and determine the relationship between heterosis in grain yield per hectare and distance matrices of morphological variables. (sabraojournal.org)
The principal component analysis (PCA) determined the morphological genetic diversity among the eight inbred lines based on 22 variables. (sabraojournal.org)
Genetic Diversity Analysis among Inbred Lines of Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. (icrisat.org)
Genetic diversity is central to the long-term survival of any species. (wsl.ch)
Of all the subspecies of reindeer found in the high north, the Svalbard reindeer has the most inbreeding and the lowest genetic diversity," says Nicolas Dussex, a postdoc at Norwegian University of Science and Technology´s (NTNU) Department of Natural History. (eurasiareview.com)
Despite the low genetic diversity, they have managed to develop a number of adaptations to life in the High Arctic. (eurasiareview.com)
This shuffling and recombination of genetic information contribute to the genetic diversity observed in offspring. (realdetroitweekly.com)
Genetic diversity plays a vital role in evolution by promoting adaptability within a population. (realdetroitweekly.com)
Genetic diversity acts as a buffer against environmental challenges and diseases. (realdetroitweekly.com)
Genetic diversity provides the raw material for natural selection to operate. (realdetroitweekly.com)
This mouse population segregates millions of variants from eight inbred founders, enabling precision genetic mapping with extensive genotypic and phenotypic diversity. (elifesciences.org)

For a population to survive it is important to reduce the loss of genetic variation in a population. (icbf.com)
However, appropriate short-term plastic responses to new environmental conditions might not require high levels of standing genetic variation. (datadryad.org)
Plant architecture attributes, such as plant height, ear height, and internode number, have played an important role in the historical increases in grain yield, lodging resistance, and biomass in maize ( Zea mays L . ). Analyzing the genetic basis of variation in plant architecture using high density QTL mapping will be of benefit for the breeding of maize for many traits. (biomedcentral.com)
Variation and genetic control of gene expression in primary immunocytes across inbred mouse strains. (ox.ac.uk)
Considering both cell types, a large number of transcripts showed significant variation across the inbred strains, with 22% of the transcriptome varying by 2-fold or more. (ox.ac.uk)
There was considerable and heritable genetic variation in alcohol consumption upon initial early and sustained weekly exposure. (northumbria.ac.uk)
Genetic and phenotypic variation. (up.ac.za)
Organisation of genetic variation. (up.ac.za)
Gene expression is known to be affected by interactions between local genetic variation and DNA accessibility, with the latter organized into three-dimensional chromatin structures. (elifesciences.org)
This important work substantially advances our understanding of the interplay between genetic variation, chromatin, and genes within topologically associated domains and how this interplay regulates gene expression. (elifesciences.org)
Understanding the scope and landscape of these interactions on a genome-wide scale is a vital step towards deciphering the genetic regulation of gene expression and, in turn, the mechanisms of non-coding variation on phenotypic outcomes. (elifesciences.org)
The moderate heritability values indicate that the variation in host susceptibility to the disease is controlled to an appreciable extent by genetic factors. (bvsalud.org)
Competing causes of mortali- or all of the animal species tested genetic variation, health status, life ty may prevent the development of experimentally. (who.int)
However, the authors argue that is important to consider what type of genetic variation is being move around. (lu.se)

Going forward, with more animals genotyped, there is an opportunity to carry out analysis using genomic inbreeding. (icbf.com)
Genomic inbreeding measures the relationship between two animals by assessing the level of homozygosity in their genes, and therefore providing a more accurate measure of inbreeding of an animal. (icbf.com)
As breeders usually check pedigrees when planning matings, genomic inbreeding can provide a further insight into the genetic make-up of the animals, as while there may be an overlap in the pedigree of two animals, the reality may be that these animals have no genes in common. (icbf.com)
define the utility of the inbred mouse in genetic and genomic research studies. (jax.org)
while other major crops in the genus Solanum and in the family Solanaceae, like tomato, potato, pepper, tobacco, and petunia, have been widely studied from the genetic and genomic points of view, developments in eggplant genomics have lagged behind. (frontiersin.org)
Genetic analysis of patients with leukocyte adhesion deficiency: genomic sequencing reveals otherwise undetectable mutations. (lu.se)

Previous studies of DNA extracted from Neanderthal remains revealed that these Eurasian hominids were much more inbred and less genetically diverse than modern humans. (newswise.com)
The MPDt systematically characterizes biochemical and behavioral phenotypes of 40 commonly used and genetically diverse inbred mouse strains. (jax.org)
Here we undertake a genome-scale analysis of these interactions in a genetically diverse population to systematically identify global genetic-epigenetic interaction, and reveal constraints imposed by chromatin structure. (elifesciences.org)

Grundy B., Villanueva B., Woolliams J.A., Dynamic selection for maximising response with constrained inbreeding in schemes with overlapping generations, Anim. (gse-journal.org)
Meuwissen T.H.E., Sonesson A.K., Maximizing the response of selection with predefined rate of inbreeding: Overlapping generations, J. Anim. (gse-journal.org)
Villanueva B., Bijma P., Woolliams J.A., Optimal mass selection policies for schemes with overlapping generations and restricted inbreeding, Genet. (gse-journal.org)

Recombinant inbred strains derived from crosses between high and low activity strains exhibit segregation characteristic of a single allele difference. (jci.org)
Southern analyses using a 5'DI probe identified a restriction fragment length variant that segregated with 5'DI activity in 33 of 35 recombinant inbred strains derived from four different pairs of high and low activity parental strains. (jci.org)

Inbreeding depression particularly affects less visible traits like reproductive and health traits, along with the more visible, growth, lactation and survival. (icbf.com)
Inbreeding has been shown to negatively impact the live skeletal and muscling traits of Irish beef breeds (McParland, et al. (icbf.com)
Many breeding programs utilize linebreeding and inbreeding as a means of maintaining breed characteristics and emphasizing desired traits. (embarkvet.com)
By analogy, the term is used in human reproduction, but more commonly refers to the genetic disorders and other consequences that may arise from expression of deleterious recessive traits resulting from incestuous sexual relationships and consanguinity. (wikipedia.org)
Inbreeding results in homozygosity, which can increase the chances of offspring being affected by recessive traits. (wikipedia.org)
An individual who inherits such deleterious traits is colloquially referred to as inbred. (wikipedia.org)
An experiment was conducted to assess genetic divergence among 60 inbred lines included 27 maintainer (B-) and 33 restorer (R-) lines of pearl millet based on quantitative data of grain yield and its ten component traits using hierarchical cluster and principal component analysis (PCA). (icrisat.org)
This first set of ABs and ILs of eggplant will be extremely useful for the genetic dissection of traits of interest for eggplant, and represents an elite material for introduction into the breeding pipelines for developing new eggplant cultivars adapted to the challenges posed by the climate-change scenario. (frontiersin.org)
It is important to approach this topic with sensitivity and an understanding of how genetic traits are passed down through generations. (realdetroitweekly.com)
Additionally, studying genetics allows scientists to explore the inheritance patterns of traits and the mechanisms behind genetic diseases. (realdetroitweekly.com)
When individuals have different genetic variations, they possess a wider range of traits and characteristics. (realdetroitweekly.com)
The GCCF is very concerned about close matings and thus requires any kittens bred from these types of matings to be placed on the non-active register in order to prevent the inheritance of any detrimental genetic traits by subsequent generations, unless there is a specific purpose which has been advised by veterinary or genetic counselling and is supported by the relevant BAC and/or approved by Genetics Committee. (gccfcats.org)
Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping locates and estimates the effect of genetic loci that regulate quantitative traits. (jax.org)

This is referred to as inbreeding depression . (icbf.com)
Inbreeding depression was expressed as a reduction in post weaning gain of 240g per percentage increase in inbreeding in the US Limousin population (Gengler et al. (icbf.com)
The higher the level of inbreeding in an individual the greater the inbreeding depression. (icbf.com)
In extreme cases, this usually leads to at least temporarily decreased biological fitness of a population (called inbreeding depression), which is its ability to survive and reproduce. (wikipedia.org)
Inbreeding can significantly influence gene expression which can prevent inbreeding depression. (wikipedia.org)
When deleterious recessive alleles are unmasked due to the increased homozygosity generated by inbreeding, this can cause inbreeding depression. (wikipedia.org)
We are generally interested in estimating GWIBD because it is most directly related to the homozygous mutational load and inbreeding depression. (nature.com)
However, the specific hypotheses that male extra-pair reproductive success (EPRS) shows additive genetic variance (VA), heritability (h(2)), or inbreeding depression, and hence that females could acquire indirect genetic benefits through increased EPRS of sons, have not been explicitly tested. (elsevierpure.com)
We used comprehensive genetic pedigree data from song sparrows (Melospiza melodia) to estimate V-A, h(2), and inbreeding depression in the number of extra-pair offspring a male sired per year and the probability that a male would sire any extra-pair offspring per year. (elsevierpure.com)
Inbreeding depression was substantial: more inbred males sired fewer extra-pair offspring and were less likely to sire any extra-pair offspring. (elsevierpure.com)
Too much inbreeding can lead to 'inbreeding depression', where the deleterious effects begin to outcompete the positive ones. (gccfcats.org)

Genetic coefficient of inbreeding (COI) is the most accurate method for measuring inbreeding. (embarkvet.com)
Breeders have traditionally relied on the pedigree evaluation method to measure the coefficient of inbreeding, which assumes that each parent passes on 50% of their DNA evenly across each chromosome. (embarkvet.com)
The proportion of an individual's genome that is identical by descent (GWIBD) can be estimated from pedigrees (inbreeding coefficient 'Pedigree F') or molecular markers ('Marker F'), but both estimators come with error. (nature.com)
Understanding the relationship between the inbreeding coefficient and multilocus heterozygosity: theoretical expectations and empirical data. (rdrr.io)
The Inbreeding Coefficient was developed specifically to serve as a tool to quantify these in a way that could be used in making breeding decisions. (gccfcats.org)
The inbreeding coefficient is the probability of inheriting two copies of the same allele from an ancestor that occurs on both sides of the pedigree. (gccfcats.org)
The coefficient is the fraction of all the genes of an animal that are homozygous (two copies of the same allele), so for a mating that would result in offspring with an inbreeding coefficient of 10%, there is a one in 10 chance all the genes in an animal will be homozygous. (gccfcats.org)
The original purpose of the coefficient was to give breeders a number that would indicate both the amount of benefit to be gained from inbreeding as well as the magnitude of the risk of deleterious effects they could perhaps expect. (gccfcats.org)

The dissimilarity Euclidean coefficients among the eight maize inbred lines ranged from 0.08 (between L21 and L28) to 0.69 (between L21 and IL80), with an average of 0.38. (sabraojournal.org)

Evolutionary theory suggests this is a poor starting point since inbreeding can quickly lead to an accumulation of harmful mutations and genetic variants followed by disease and death. (eurasiareview.com)

Increased usage of these techniques will in turn lead to an increased rate and level of inbreeding in the resulting population. (icbf.com)
When looking at inbreeding within a population, it is important to look at the animals with a large genetic contribution to the population. (icbf.com)
Kearney J.F., Wall E., Villanueva B., Coffey M.P., Inbreeding trends and application of optimised selection in the UK Holstein population, J. Dairy Sci. (gse-journal.org)
The first genetic linkage map of maize was constructed in 1986 based on restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) in the F 2 mapping population of a cross between H427 and 761 [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Inbreeding can result in purging of deleterious alleles from a population through purifying selection. (wikipedia.org)
Potential Inbreeding in a Small Population of a Mass Flowering Species, Xanthorrhoea johnsonii (Xanthorrhoeaceae): Is Your Mother My Father? (scirp.org)
R. King and J. M. Zalucki, "Potential Inbreeding in a Small Population of a Mass Flowering Species, Xanthorrhoea johnsonii (Xanthorrhoeaceae): Is Your Mother My Father? (scirp.org)
N. C. Ellstrand and D. R. Elam, "Population Genetic Consequences of Small Population-Size-Implications for Plant Conservation," Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, Vol. 24, No. 1, 1993, pp. 217-242. (scirp.org)
S. C. H. Barrett and J. R. Kohn, "Genetic and Evolutionary Consequences of Small Population Size in Plants: Implications for Conservation," In: D. A. Falk and K. E. Holsinger, Eds. (scirp.org)
And what we found was that there has been a highly significant increase in inbreeding in the population over the last 45 years and probably the greatest increase in inbreeding is seen in the last 10 or 15 years. (scientificamerican.com)
Inbreeding, population subdivision and migration. (up.ac.za)
This near-extinction, where only a few individuals with their unique genetic variants survive, is called a bottleneck in population biology. (eurasiareview.com)
In this case, we are dealing with a population that suffers from a high degree of inbreeding, which is usually bad news for a small population. (eurasiareview.com)
But inbreeding can also help a population to get rid of harmful mutations, a phenomenon technically called 'purging'," says Martin. (eurasiareview.com)
In a population with a high degree of inbreeding, offspring are more likely to inherit harmful mutations from both mother and father. (eurasiareview.com)
Here too, Dussex and his colleagues found that harmful genetic variants had disappeared from the population thanks to a long period of inbreeding. (eurasiareview.com)
After doing a morphological study of the three types of plants, they performed modern population genetic analysis, using a sophisticated analytical tool developed in the last five years to determine the radishes' genetic makeup. (sciencedaily.com)
Two Novel Frame Shift, Recurrent and De Novo Mutations in the ITGB2 (CD18) Gene Causing Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency in a Highly Inbred North African Population. (lu.se)

Woolliams J.A., Thompson R., A theory of genetic contributions, in: Proceedings of the 5th World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production, 7-12 August 1994, vol. 19, Guelph, pp. 127-134. (gse-journal.org)
Woolliams J.A., Pong-Wong R., Villanueva B., Strategic Optimisation of Short- and Long-Term Gain and Inbreeding in MAS and Non-MAS Schemes, in: Proceedings of the 7th World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production, 19-23 August 2002, Montpellier, CD-ROM communication No. 23-02. (gse-journal.org)
Genetics refers to the study of genes and heredity, while inheritance refers to the process by which genetic information is transferred from parents to offspring. (realdetroitweekly.com)
Genetics and inheritance play a vital role in understanding the occurrence of genetic disorders and diseases. (realdetroitweekly.com)

By identifying long runs of homozygosity (sections of the genome from each parent that are identical) of 10 percent or more, the team was able to determine a high chance of extreme inbreeding in 125 of the approximately 450,000 people of European ancestry born between 1938 and 1967 studied. (iflscience.com)
Our results demonstrated a relatively high degree of collinearity between the genetic map and the B73 reference genome. (biomedcentral.com)
The increased role of QTL mapping and favored status of the inbred mouse in that role, are due to the improvement and development of genetic research tools (many of them pioneered by The Jackson Laboratory) to manipulate the mouse genome. (jax.org)
With 176 samples profiled for genotype, gene expression, and open chromatin, we used regression modeling to infer genetic-epigenetic interactions on a genome-wide scale. (elifesciences.org)
Our results demonstrate that statistical interactions between genetic variants and chromatin accessibility are common throughout the genome. (elifesciences.org)
Yet the interacting effects that genetic and epigenetic factors produce on gene transcription are rarely studied at a genome-wide scale, leaving us without global information on a key step between the genetic code and the phenotype. (elifesciences.org)

The hypothesis that female extra-pair reproduction in socially monogamous animals reflects indirect genetic benefits requires that there be additive and/or nonadditive genetic variance in fitness. (elsevierpure.com)

A high-density genetic map was constructed using 4183 bin markers (100-Kb intervals with no recombination events). (biomedcentral.com)

This knowledge about the Svalbard reindeer can also change the way researchers study the effects of genetic bottlenecks, Dussex said. (eurasiareview.com)

Many factors are considered when choosing which dogs to use in breeding programs including conformation, temperament, genetic disease mutations, and much more. (embarkvet.com)
The heterogeneous distribution of recessive deleterious mutations, the environment and other genetic factors like epistatic interactions are introducing noise into that relation. (nature.com)
Therefore, these "dangerous" mutations more quickly manifest in the form of genetic diseases and poorer health. (eurasiareview.com)
The fact that the Svalbard reindeer is in relatively good genetic condition considering harmful mutations, is good news," says Brage Bremset Hansen, professor of conservation biology at NTNU's Department of Biology and Center for Biodiversity Dynamics. (eurasiareview.com)
Certain genetic mutations or variations can increase the likelihood of developing specific conditions. (realdetroitweekly.com)

However, the low density of molecular markers in existing genetic maps has limited the efficiency and accuracy of QTL mapping. (biomedcentral.com)
The total genetic distance covered by the linkage map was 1545.65 cM and the average distance between adjacent markers was 0.37 cM with a physical distance of about 0.51 Mb. (biomedcentral.com)
Embark's genetic COI assesses over 230,000 markers and can detect inbreeding in far more past generations, as well as better inform on strategic breeding crosses than typically expected from pedigree based calculations. (embarkvet.com)
The authors concluded that RFLP-based markers could be used for investigating genetic relationships between maize inbred lines and assigning them to heterotic groups, but it seemed that a large number of PECs were needed to obtain reliable estimates of genetic similarity. (jipb.net)
Identification of Functional Genetic Variations Underlying Drought Tolerance in Maize Using SNP Markers [J]. J Integr Plant Biol. (jipb.net)
As a consequence, in species inheriting large blocks that rarely recombine, even small numbers of microsatellite markers will often be more informative about inbreeding and fitness than large pedigrees. (nature.com)

Inbreeding levels of pedigree calves born in a given year. (icbf.com)
The analysis of inbreeding here has been carried out based on pedigree information in the ICBF database. (icbf.com)
Grundy B., Villanueva B., Woolliams J.A., Dynamic selection procedures for constrained inbreeding and their consequences for pedigree development, Genet. (gse-journal.org)
Unlike pedigree based COI calculations, genetic COI evaluates the actual pieces of DNA in your dog to identify which proportion traces back to inbreeding. (embarkvet.com)
While keeping detailed pedigree records is certainly important, utilizing a genetic COI is an easier and more accurate means of assessing inbreeding impact and long term health within breeding programs. (embarkvet.com)
Assuming unrelated pedigree founders, Pedigree F is the expected proportion of GWIBD given a specific inbreeding constellation. (nature.com)
Background inbreeding resulting from relatedness between pedigree founders introduces both random noise and bias into the relationship between GWIBD and Pedigree F. If Background F is absent and the relation between fitness and GWIBD is linear, both Pedigree F and GWIBD are error-free predictors in fitness-inbreeding regressions and consequently the regression slopes are unbiased. (nature.com)

Inbreeding increases homozygosity (genetic similarity). (gccfcats.org)

Inbreeding is defined as the probability that two alleles are identical by descent and occurs when related individuals are mated to each other (McParland, et al. (icbf.com)
This restricted movement may lead to genetic consequences including disruption of gene flow, inflation of inbreeding and loss of rare alleles supporting local adaptation and genetic fitness 6 , 7 . (nature.com)
The avoidance of expression of such deleterious recessive alleles caused by inbreeding, via inbreeding avoidance mechanisms, is the main selective reason for outcrossing. (wikipedia.org)
Inbreeding is also used to reveal deleterious recessive alleles, which can then be eliminated through assortative breeding or through culling. (wikipedia.org)
The advantages of inbreeding may be the result of a tendency to preserve the structures of alleles interacting at different loci that have been adapted together by a common selective history. (wikipedia.org)

Genetic similarities of 13 inbred lines of maize (Zea mays L.) were analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). (jipb.net)
Quantitative genetic analysis of chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters in maize in the field environments [J]. J Integr Plant Biol. (jipb.net)

Mating of related individuals may also lead to increased embryonic mortality and prevalence of genetic defects. (icbf.com)
This information is critically important when creating breeding strategies, to avoid the mating of animals that are carriers for genetic diseases. (icbf.com)
Sonesson A.K., Meuwissen T.H.E., Mating schemes for optimum contribution selection with constrained rates of inbreeding, Genet. (gse-journal.org)
Inbreeding is the production of offspring from the mating or breeding of individuals or organisms that are closely related genetically. (wikipedia.org)
With the DNA of a mare and the DNA of a stallion, we can make i n silico predictions about the likely level of inbreeding in the hypothetical foal that might arise from that mating. (scientificamerican.com)
These data suggest that females could accrue indirect genetic benefits, in terms of increased EPRS of outbred sons, by mating with unrelated social or extra-pair mates. (elsevierpure.com)

And so researchers from the University of Queensland, Australia, have turned to the UK Biobank - a large database containing genetic information from 500,000 people across the UK. (iflscience.com)
As medical professionals and researchers continue to study the Whitaker family's genetic disorders, there is hope that they will find a solution. (ibikini.cyou)
In the case of the original test subjects in Maine, it appears that the problem mutation might have been caused by inbreeding, however some researchers believe that the disorder is psychological rather than neurological. (damninteresting.com)
Now, researchers at NTNU and collaborating institutions have analyzed genetic samples from 91 reindeer to see how they differ from their relatives on the mainland. (eurasiareview.com)

However, as inbreeding increases in a breed so do some negative effects, such as reduction of litter size, reduced fertility, decreased disease resistance, and failure to thrive in puppies. (embarkvet.com)

In plant breeding, inbred lines are used as stocks for the creation of hybrid lines to make use of the effects of heterosis. (wikipedia.org)

Studies show that excessive inbreeding can have a profound impact on a dog's health and lifespan. (embarkvet.com)
The Whitaker family's inbreeding practices have had a profound impact on their community. (ibikini.cyou)

You can use the relationship figures to assess what the inbreeding of an offspring would be. (icbf.com)
Another is that not all cases of incest will lead to "viable" offspring, and a third is that any "viable" offspring with serious cognitive impairment caused by inbreeding would be unlikely to enroll in the Biobank project. (iflscience.com)
For example, in livestock breeding, breeders may use inbreeding when trying to establish a new and desirable trait in the stock and for producing distinct families within a breed, but will need to watch for undesirable characteristics in offspring, which can then be eliminated through further selective breeding or culling. (wikipedia.org)
Offspring of biologically related persons are subject to the possible effects of inbreeding, such as congenital birth defects. (wikipedia.org)
This means that offspring inherit a combination of genetic material from both parents. (realdetroitweekly.com)

Partnership benefits include access to genetic data, compiling trend reports, and making Embark for Breeders testing available to organization members. (embarkvet.com)

The study appears to back these up, finding that extreme inbreeding did seem to increase the likelihood of poorer cognitive and muscular function, fertility difficulties, shorter stature, and a higher risk of disease in general. (iflscience.com)

Physiological and genetic analyses of inbred mouse strains with a type I iodothyronine 5' deiodinase deficiency. (jci.org)
We found no effect of inbreeding on survival, flowering phenology or short-term physiological responses. (datadryad.org)

However, this practice has resulted in a high incidence of genetic disorders among their children. (ibikini.cyou)
Their isolation and inbreeding practices have led to a high incidence of genetic disorders among their children. (ibikini.cyou)
Genetic considerations in human cancer incidence. (cdc.gov)
Thurmon, T F and Robertson, K P "Genetic considerations in human cancer incidence. (cdc.gov)

Non-African humans inherited some of this genetic burden when they interbred with Neanderthals, though much of it has been lost. (newswise.com)
To quantify this effect, Harris and Nielsen used computer programs to simulate mutation accumulation during Neanderthal evolution and to estimate how humans were affected by the influx of neanderthal genetic variants. (newswise.com)
Finally, comparison of these and parallel data from CD4(+) T cells of healthy humans demonstrated intriguing similarities in variability of a gene's expression: the most variable genes tended to be the same in both species, and there was an overlap in genes subject to strong cis-acting genetic variants. (ox.ac.uk)

Inbreeding leads to genetic defects. (thetruthaboutcars.com)
[ 4 , 5 ] the term primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is used to describe the genetic defect and to differentiate it from acquired defects. (medscape.com)
This was followed by birth defects and developmental disabilities, cardiovascular disease, genetic testing, and cancer, which all showed relatively high proportions of later phase translational studies. (cdc.gov)

Avendaño S., Woolliams J.A., Villanueva B., Mendelian sampling terms as a selective advantage in optimum breeding schemes with restrictions on the rate of inbreeding, Genet. (gse-journal.org)
Villanueva B., Woolliams J.A., Optimisation of breeding programs under index selection and constrained inbreeding, Genet. (gse-journal.org)

The objectives of the study were to detect genetic similarities among 13 inbreds and to assign them to heterotic groups. (jipb.net)

Bijma P., van Arendonk J.A.M., Woolliams J.A., Predicting rates of inbreeding for livestock improvement schemes, Anim. (gse-journal.org)
Rutten M.J.M., Bijma P., Woolliams J.A., van Arendonk J.A.M., Sel A ction: Software to predict selection response and rate of inbreeding in livestock breeding programs, J. Hered. (gse-journal.org)

Simply put, inbreeding results in a decline in performance of the resulting progeny. (icbf.com)

Bioinformatic analyses revealed that early and sustained alcohol intake is likely driven by genes and pathways involved in signaling, and/or immune and metabolic function, while a combination of epigenetic factors related to alcohol experience and genetic factors likely drives progressive alcohol intake. (northumbria.ac.uk)
Genetic analyses are a powerful approach that allow the study of these interactions. (elifesciences.org)

Inbred mouse strains differ in their capacity to deiodinate iododioxin and iodothyronines, with strains segregating into high or low activity groups. (jci.org)
Learn about different types of inbred mouse strains and the inbred breeding scheme. (jax.org)
Using the inbred mouse as a model organism, QTL mapping has become a very important tool for finding the genes that regulate complex human diseases, including atherosclerosis, diabetes, obesity, asthma and hypertension. (jax.org)
Initially, four commercial inbred mouse strains were examined to calibrate the procedure and test for gender effects. (bvsalud.org)

An individual with this disorder has a genetic mutation that prevents "exciting" signals in the nervous system from being regulated, which causes a number of bizarre irregularities in their startle response. (damninteresting.com)
Most evidence seems to indicate that hyperexplexia is caused by a genetic mutation which prevents neurons from receiving the amino acid glycine . (damninteresting.com)

O. Honnay and H. Jacquemyn, "Susceptibility of Common and Rare Plant Species to the Genetic Concequences of Habitat Fragmentation," Conservation Biology, Vol. 21, No. 3, 2006, pp. 823-831. (scirp.org)

Susceptibility of inbred and F1 hybrid strains to noise-induced hearing loss. (cdc.gov)

The ongoing story of the Florida panther, which suffers from inbreeding. (pictures-of-cats.org)

Genetic similarities between the pairs of 13 lines ranged from 0.523 up to 0.802 with an average of 0.649. (jipb.net)
Cluster analysis grouped the inbred lines into eight clusters and the characters, plant height, 1000 grain weight, dry matter yield per plant and productive tillers per plant contributed maximum towards genetic divergence. (icrisat.org)
Gender effects on bone volume were tested across the four inbred and 23 CC lines, and found not to be significant. (bvsalud.org)

How does inbreeding affect rare species? (wsl.ch)
UC Riverside scientists studying the genetic makeup of wild radishes in California have determined that the California wild radish is descended from hybrids between two species: cultivated radish and the weed, jointed charlock. (sciencedaily.com)
I feel that humankind is gradually approaching the time when we could argue that the inbreeding of some wild cat species might effectively extinguish them in the wild. (pictures-of-cats.org)

Anatomy3

Organisms19

Chemicals and Drugs1

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment5

Psychiatry and Psychology2

Phenomena and Processes30

Disciplines and Occupations2

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Humanities1

Health Care6

Populations23

Mice15

Diversity26

Variation14

Genomic6

Genetically diverse3

Overlapping generations3

Recombinant inbred strains2

Traits13

Depression11

Coefficient8

Coefficients1

Accumulation of harmful mutations1

Population18

GENETICS4

Genome6

Variance in fitness1

Recombination1

Bottlenecks1

Mutations5

Markers6

Pedigree7

Homozygosity1

Alleles5

Maize2

Mating6

Researchers4

Increases1

Heterosis1

Profound impact2

Offspring5

Breeders1

Increase the likelihood1

Physiological2

Incidence4

Humans3

Defects3

Genet2

Detect1

Livestock2

Progeny1

Analyses2

Mouse4

Mutation2

Habitat Fragmentation1

Susceptibility1

Suffers1

Lines3

Species3