• Pengpeng Bi Assistant Professor Genetics We use​ the advanced genetic mouse models to study the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying several diseases: obesity, diabetics, muscle and heart diseases. (uga.edu)
  • Kelly Dyer Professor Genetics Molecular evolution and evolutionary genetics, in particular genetic conflict, sex chromosome evolution, genetics of adaptation and speciation, and host-parasite interactions. (uga.edu)
  • Mary Goll Associate Professor Genetics Epigenetic regulation in the context of development and cancer. (uga.edu)
  • The species A. thaliana is used for experiments in classical plant genetics as well as molecular genetic studies in plant physiology, biochemistry, and development. (lookformedical.com)
  • Fungal Genetics and Biology 43(8): 545-559. (berkeley.edu)
  • 2004. Expression Profiling in Evolutionary Genetics. (berkeley.edu)
  • Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process. (lookformedical.com)
  • Several molecular mechanisms with antifungal agents have been reported for C. albicans where insertions, deletions, and point mutations in genes codifying target proteins are frequently related to the antifungal drug resistance. (intechopen.com)
  • Furthermore, gene overexpression is also frequently associated to antifungal resistance as well as an increase in the activity of proteins that reduce oxidative damage. (intechopen.com)
  • Concept of gene, Prokaryotes as genetic system, Prokaryotic and eukaryotic chromosomes, methods of gene isolation and identification, Split genes, overlapping genes and pseudo genes, Organization of prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes and genomes including operan, exon, intron, enhancer promoter sequences and other regulatory elements. (nipaers.com)
  • We investigated the effect of extracellular prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans. (canada.ca)
  • The resulting data provide new insights into how Zn2Cys6 TF genes regulate important traits during the infection cycle of this rice blast pathogen. (prelekara.sk)
  • This perspective outlines possibilities of how epigenetic control of Avr effector gene expression may have arisen and persisted in filamentous plant pathogens, and how it presents special problems for diagnosis and detection of specific pathogen strains or pathotypes. (frontiersin.org)
  • When a pathogen effector comes under host immune surveillance, the corresponding Avr gene needs to change in some way, so that the Avr factor no longer causes ETI, in order for the pathogen to grow and reproduce on hosts with the enhanced immune capability. (frontiersin.org)
  • This observation points to the dispensability of individual Avr genes and suggests that pathogen effector arsenals have a built-in redundancy. (frontiersin.org)
  • Provided that an Avr factor is retained by some individuals within a pathogen population, sub-populations or lineages can apparently lose and recover Avr genes repeatedly, as circumstances warrant. (frontiersin.org)
  • Since its introduction to North America in the early 1900s, white pine blister rust (WPBR) caused by the fungal pathogen Cronartium ribicola has resulted in substantial economic losses and ecological damage to native North American five-needle pine species. (frontiersin.org)
  • Aspergillus fumigatus is known as an opportunistic pathogen of fungal infection and causes a high mortality rate among immunosuppressed patients ( 1 , 2 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The yeast pheromone pathway has been extensively characterized, and is an ideal system for studying transcriptional regulation. (nih.gov)
  • We analyse the effects of SVs on gene expression, quantitative traits and intrinsic reproductive isolation in the yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The QCR8 gene of the yeast K1uyveromyces lactis is transcriptionally regulated by the carbon source in the growth medium. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Here, we demonstrate that -omics can be leveraged to accelerate genetic tool development for the basidiomycete yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous CBS 6938, the sole biotechnologically relevant organism in the Tremellomycete family. (biorxiv.org)
  • Despite large differences in gene size and architecture, we find that yeast and human genes share a unique, antisense transcription-associated chromatin signature. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In a screen for cell cycle-regulated genes in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we have identified a gene, EGT2, which is involved in cell separation in the G1 stage of the cell cycle. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Characterization of a transcription factor involved in mother cell specific transcription of the yeast HO gene. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The yeast HO gene, which encodes an endonuclease involved in initiating mating type interconversion, is expressed in mother cells but not in daughters. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The SWI5 gene product was overproduced in yeast from the GAL1-10 promoter, since the SWI5 protein is made at very low levels in wild-type strains, and protein extracts were used to demonstrate that the SWI5 protein binds in vitro to a segment of the HO promoter required for transcriptional activation in vivo. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In order to determine whether PAB from a monocot plant species could function in yeast, a protein characterized as having PAB activity was purified from wheat and a cDNA encoding for PAB was isolated from a wheat seedling expression library. (oregonstate.edu)
  • 2001. Population genomics: gene expression in a vineyard yeast from Tuscany. (berkeley.edu)
  • In hematopoietic cells, mutations in a subset of genes regulating DNA repair or epigenetics frequently lead to clonal hematopoiesis (CH). Here, we describe the context and mechanisms that lead to enrichment of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) with mutations in SRCAP, which encodes a chromatin remodeler that also influences DNA repair. (bvsalud.org)
  • This can occur by epiallelic variation or by conventional mutations to cis -elements or flanking sequences that provide regulatory control of Avr gene transcription or translation, or possibly by changes to trans-acting elements, such as transcription- or epigenetic-factors that control Avr gene expression. (frontiersin.org)
  • We also found the novel mutations in these genes in azole-resistant isolates with different genetic backgrounds. (cdc.gov)
  • Furthermore, a large portion of the non- cyp51A azole-resistant A. fumigatus strains have yet to be investigated to determine which genes and mutations could be responsible for azole resistance. (cdc.gov)
  • In a population of genetically diverse individuals, the extent of genetic variation of a phenotype measures the overall sensitivity of individuals to mutations segregating in the population. (nature.com)
  • A classic example is the heat shock protein system, particularly Hsp90 , whose expression is environmentally plastic and increases under thermal stress, but buffers phenotypic changes induced by mutations to maintain homeostasis 2 , a process termed canalization 3 . (nature.com)
  • SCID results from mutations in any of more than 15 known genes. (medscape.com)
  • Diseases and disorders can be associated with misspellings or genetic mutations. (bvsalud.org)
  • Master's degree in Agriculture/ Biotechnology/ Molecular Biology & Bio-Technology/ Genetic Engineering/ Botany/ Plant Sciences/ Life Sciences/Plant Physiology with specialization in Plant Biotechnology. (nipaers.com)
  • Diana Downs Distinguished Research Professor Microbiology Bacterial physiology and metabolic integration using biochemical, genetic and metabolomics approaches. (uga.edu)
  • Our analysis of metabolic regulation shows that UV activates DNA repair, aromatic amino acid and carotenoid biosynthesis and represses central carbon metabolism and the fungal-like apoptotic pathway. (biorxiv.org)
  • Most azole-resistant strains harbor a mutation in the cyp51A gene, encoding a target protein for azole drugs ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Whereas such cyp51A -related azole-resistant strains have been reported frequently in the past 10 years, strains without any mutation in the cyp51A gene showing low susceptibility to azole drugs have, to some extent, been isolated ( 9 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The underlying principle is to identify the transcription factors that regulate the taxol pathway and establish a fungal engineering approach that can be implemented in industrial fermentation. (europa.eu)
  • 2002. Pathway processor: a tool for integrating whole-genome expression results into metabolic networks. (berkeley.edu)
  • In senju mutants, reduced expression of galactose-containing glycans resulted in hyperactivation of the Toll signaling pathway in the absence of immune challenges. (sdbonline.org)
  • Genetic epistasis and biochemical analyses revealed that Senju regulates the Toll signaling pathway at a step that converts Toll ligand Spatzle to its active form. (sdbonline.org)
  • This paper explores the involvement of the Toll/NF-kappaB pathway in the localized activation of wound repair genes around epidermal breaks. (sdbonline.org)
  • The attractive features of this study, examining the elicitor-induced regulator of selected TFs genes to see whether their mRNA levels correlate with fungal taxol biosynthesis. (europa.eu)
  • Compared to the wild-type, Ntl mRNA expression was reduced to 35-66% in the RNAi mutants and increased by 2.5-3.5-fold in the over-expression mutants. (biomedcentral.com)
  • First, there is the transcription of genes to mRNA which is largely regulated by the promoter sequence. (tum.de)
  • 2002. Bayesian analysis of gene expression levels: statistical quantification of relative mRNA level across multiple strains or treatments. (berkeley.edu)
  • Carbon source-dependent transcriptional regulation of the QCR8 gene in Kluyveromyces lactis. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Analysis of the mcd1 mutant and cell cycle-dependent expression pattern of Mcd1p suggest that this protein functions in chromosome morphogenesis from S phase through mitosis. (nih.gov)
  • Induction of the reporter gene and protein-binding was dependent on the presence of a functional KlCAT8 gene, suggesting that, in K. lactis, K1Cat8p acts in the transcriptional regulation of respiratory function. (ox.ac.uk)
  • This regulon comprises several protein chaperone genes, including clpC, clpE and clpX, and is controlled by transcriptional repression. (bvsalud.org)
  • CONCLUSIONS: Overproduction of enzymes can reduce the pool of Clp protein chaperones in B. subtilis, presumably due to negative feedback regulation. (bvsalud.org)
  • 2007) Mnh6, a nonhistone protein, is required for fungal development and pathogenicity of Magnaporthe grisea. (prelekara.sk)
  • Live-cell imaging within micro-fabricated chambers enable us to track changes in the spatial distribution of protein complexes and correlate this with fungal morphology and behaviour in response to tip-contact, electric fields and the mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix. (exeter.ac.uk)
  • At the core of his interest are multi-drug efflux pumps and gene expression programmes that mediate bacterial survival and adaptation to antibiotic exposure. (exeter.ac.uk)
  • Demonstration of a relationship between Ntl and thermotolerance or virulence may offer a new strategy for enhancing conidiospore thermotolerance of entomopathogenic fungi through genetic engineering. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Gain of virulence changes that leave the open reading frame of the Avr gene itself unchanged may be more easily reversible, should appropriate conditions occur for the re-deployment of an Avr allele that has been suppressed or wiped out of the population through a selective sweep. (frontiersin.org)
  • Streptococcal pathogens continue to evade concerted efforts to decipher clear-cut virulence mechanisms, although numerous genes have been implicated in pathogenesis. (cdc.gov)
  • Thus, -omics-to-parts workflows can simultaneously provide useful genomic data and advance genetic tools for non-model microbes, particularly those without a closely related model organism. (biorxiv.org)
  • My research is oriented around measuring and manipulating interactions between genes and their cellular, genomic, environmental, and community contexts giving rise to microbial population behaviours such as antibiotic resistance. (exeter.ac.uk)
  • The S. cerevisiae MCD1 (mitotic chromosome determinant) gene was identified in genetic screens for genes important for chromosome structure. (nih.gov)
  • Gene cloning and sub-cloning strategies, chromosome walking, genetic transformation, Basis of animal cloning. (nipaers.com)
  • Using whole-genome quantitative gene expression as a model, here we study how the genetic architecture of regulatory variation in gene expression changed in a population of fully sequenced inbred Drosophila melanogaster strains when flies developed in different environments (25 °C and 18 °C). We find a substantial fraction of the transcriptome exhibited genotype by environment interaction, implicating environmentally plastic genetic architecture of gene expression. (nature.com)
  • Finally, although genotype by environment interaction in gene expression could potentially disrupt genetic networks, the co-expression networks are highly conserved across environments. (nature.com)
  • Change in genetic variation across environments is one of the many forms of genotype by environment interaction (G×E). G×E can be interpreted equivalently either as variable genetic architecture across environments or as variable environmental plasticity across genotypes, depending on what factor is chosen as the context. (nature.com)
  • Research interest: Fungal gene regulatory and biochemical networks, and biological clocks. (uga.edu)
  • Processes orchestrated or driven by a plethora of genes, plant hormones, and inherent biological timing mechanisms facilitated by secondary molecules, which result in the systematic transformation of plants and plant parts, from one stage of maturity to another. (lookformedical.com)
  • Deletion of the gene resulted in azole-sensitive phenotypes ( 10 ), and an azole-resistant strain with constitutive expression of cdr1B has been isolated from a patient ( 11 ). (cdc.gov)
  • In addition to environmental factors, phenotypes can also respond to genetic perturbations in a plastic or homeostatic manner, which characterizes the potential of an organism to express phenotypes when genes mutate. (nature.com)
  • The opposite effects were found in conidiospores of over-expression mutants compared to RNAi mutants. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We developed a high-throughput gene knockout system, and using this system, we obtained null mutants of 104 fungal-specific Zn2Cys6 transcription factor (TF) genes by screening 8741 primary transformants in M. oryzae. (prelekara.sk)
  • Large structural variations (SVs) within genomes are more challenging to identify than smaller genetic variants but may substantially contribute to phenotypic diversity and evolution. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We analyzed the functions of these TF genes in development, pathogenesis, and stress responses under 9 conditions. (prelekara.sk)
  • This data not only reveals novel photobiology and metabolic regulation, it also allows derivation of constitutive and regulated gene expression parts. (biorxiv.org)
  • This programme of work will provide a new strategy for unlocking the full potential of fungal biotechnology at the interface with metabolic engineering and rDNA technology to establish of fungal fermentation through genetic engineering approaches. (europa.eu)
  • Overall, this research will lead to a comprehensive understanding of the key TFs that control elicitor induced metabolic changes to produce highest yield of fungal taxol and will provide intellectual property (IP), technology development, which lead to Dr. Kamal with new and cutting-edge research training. (europa.eu)
  • Causes of obesity are multifactorial and include genetic predisposition and behavioral, metabolic, and hormonal influences. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Transcriptional analysis of C. albicans treated with PGE2 indicated differential expression of genes involved in alternative carbon source catabolism, and showed repression of genes encoding components of both the translational machinery and the homolog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mac1 regulon needed for iron uptake. (canada.ca)
  • Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in bacteria. (lookformedical.com)
  • It has been demonstrated that the SWI5 gene, which is an activator of HO expression, plays a critical role in this differential mother/daughter expression of HO. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in fungi. (nih.gov)
  • If adaptation by regulatory evolution is common, there must be (1) population variation in the regulation of genes, (2) inheritance of that variation, and (3) differential reproductive success based on that regulatory variation. (berkeley.edu)
  • Research in crop genetic enhancement includes today from plant genetic resources conservation through use to breeding informatics, and with main focus on analysing genetic diversity and variation for further utilization in developing new cultivars or breeding lines and populations. (mdpi.com)
  • He is interested in the modeling, measurement, and analysis of population genetic variation in global gene expression in order to reveal the extent of variation in regulation of gene expression in natural populations. (berkeley.edu)
  • 2003. Population genetic variation in genome-wide gene expression in wine yeasts. (berkeley.edu)
  • Importantly, the state of plasticity or homeostasis, with respect to either genetic or environmental variation, is not necessarily static and can be modified by both genetic and environmental factors. (nature.com)
  • The dynamics of genetic variation (variance across different genotypes) and environmental variation (variance across different environments) may be controlled by different mechanisms. (nature.com)
  • Climate induced physiological changes that occur in the host and influence mycotoxins and/or Fusarium infection will be useful as markers in plant breeding programs aimed at developing climate resilient fungal resistance strategies. (usda.gov)
  • Deletion analysis of the KlQCR8 promoter shows that an element located between -144 bp and -113 bp specifically controls induction of QCR8 gene expression on non-fermentable carbon sources. (ox.ac.uk)
  • 2007) Genome-wide functional analysis of pathogenicity genes in the rice blast fungus. (prelekara.sk)
  • We then define a modular cloning system, including antibiotic selections, integration sites, and reporter genes, and use the transcriptomics to derive strong constitutive and regulated promoters. (biorxiv.org)
  • The principle aim of this project is to isolate TFs genes WRKY, AP2, MYP etc. that specifically regulate the expression of taxol biosynthetic rate limiting gene promoters using transient RNAi. (europa.eu)
  • This project offer de nova interactions between the TFs and the TB gene promoters, which results of DNA binding cis-elements. (europa.eu)
  • Extensive screening for genetic resistance to WPBR has been underway for decades in some species but has only started recently in limber pine using seed families collected from wild parental trees in the USA and Canada. (frontiersin.org)
  • The segregation ratios of these families were consistent with expression of major gene resistance (MGR) controlled by a dominant R locus. (frontiersin.org)
  • The cdr1B gene, encoding an ABC transporter, plays a role in azole resistance. (cdc.gov)
  • The amino acid substitution in HapE (P88L) resulted in increased cyp51A expression and consequent azole resistance ( 14 ). (cdc.gov)
  • This chapter summarizes the main molecular mechanisms to C. albicans antifungal drug resistance, besides offering an overview of new antifungal agents and new antifungal targets to combat fungal infections. (intechopen.com)
  • As we all know, the genome encodes the instructions to regulate gene activity. (tum.de)
  • Here we combine computational and experimental approaches to study transcriptional regulation mediated by Ste12, the key transcription factor in the pheromone response. (nih.gov)
  • The lack of understanding of post-transcriptional regulation implies we still do not have a complete picture of how genes are regulated. (tum.de)
  • CNF1 is the first reported TF gene that strongly and negatively regulates asexual development in the rice blast fungus, and CCA1, CNF1, CNF2, CONx1, GPF1, GTA1, MoCOD1 and PCF1 are required for pathogenicity. (prelekara.sk)
  • These transient CNVs produce stoichiometric effects on gene expression both within and outside the duplicated regions. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We find more coding sequence than expected by chance in the introgressed regions, suggesting that natural selection may play a role in the observed genetic exchange. (broadinstitute.org)
  • With the advances in BMT and gene therapy, patients now have a better likelihood of developing a functional immune system in a previously lethal genetic disease. (medscape.com)
  • The complementary expertise of Dr Kamal (Fungal biotechnology) and the supervisor Prof. Dr. Frank Kempken (FK) (Fungal genetic and molecular biology) offer the unique combination to realize the fungal taxol biosynthetic potential. (europa.eu)
  • Our data confirm earlier microsatellite-based findings that these species are genetically differentiated, but our population genomics approach reveals that hybridization and genetic introgression have recently occurred between the two species. (broadinstitute.org)
  • We performed PCR-based sequencing of one region exhibiting introgression in 40 C. immitis isolates to confirm and better define the extent of gene flow between the species. (broadinstitute.org)
  • Understanding diversity at the level of species, genetic populations, and trichothecene chemotypes is critical to the development of effective disease control and mycotoxin reduction strategies. (usda.gov)
  • A mitosporic Hypocreales fungal genus, various species of which are important parasitic pathogens of plants and a variety of vertebrates. (lookformedical.com)
  • 2005. Designing experiments using spotted microarrays to detect gene regulation differences within and among Species. (berkeley.edu)
  • To identify elements other than Tup1 that are involved in regulation of the Mac1 regulon, we screened a C. albicans transcription factor mutant library with this FRE7 promoter fused to a lacZ reporter. (canada.ca)
  • The predicted amino acid sequence derived from the cloned SWI5 gene shows homology with the repeated DNA-binding domains ('zinc fingers') of Xenopus transcription factor TFIIIA. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The FA2 gene of Chlamydomonas encodes a NIMA family kinase with roles in cell cycle progression and microtubule severing during deflagellation. (bio.net)
  • We further found via RNA-seq that GPF1 and CNF2 have similar mechanisms in gene expression regulation related to pathogenicity. (prelekara.sk)
  • These associated SNPs were located in genes involved in multiple molecular mechanisms potentially underlying limber pine MGR to C. ribicola , including NBS-LRR genes for recognition of C. ribicola effectors, signaling components, and a large set of defense-responsive genes with potential functions in plant effector-triggered immunity (ETI). (frontiersin.org)
  • In this paper we describe the cloning and sequencing of the SWI5 gene. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Suppression of the degalactosylation by senju overexpression resulted in reduced induction of Toll-dependent expression of an antimicrobial peptide, Drosomycin , and increased susceptibility to infection with Gram-positive bacteria. (sdbonline.org)
  • Genomics has become the primary way to explore microbial diversity, because genetic tools are currently difficult to develop in non-model organisms. (biorxiv.org)
  • Objective 1: Identify and characterize microorganisms and microbial genes that can reduce trichothecene contamination of grain-based food and feed. (usda.gov)
  • In participating UK research institutions, investigators can publish open access in Genome Research, Genes & Development, RNA, and Learning & Memory without article publication charges and all staff can read the entire renowned Cold Spring Harbor journal collection. (cshlpress.com)
  • We found that 61 Zn2Cys6 TF genes play indispensable and diversified roles in fungal development and pathogenicity. (prelekara.sk)
  • Systematic Analysis of ZnCys Transcription Factors Required for Development and Pathogenicity by High-Throughput Gene Knockout in the Rice Blast Fungus. (prelekara.sk)
  • The activating element contains no other known regulatory sites but two elements required for RNA holoenzyme functioning, raising the intriguing possibility of carbon source-dependent regulation by a subunit of the RNA polymerase holoenzyme in K. lactis. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Regulation of a carbon concentrating mechanism through CCM1 in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. (bio.net)
  • Analysis of the promoter of the Mac1 regulon component FRE7 revealed a well-conserved palindromic Mac1p binding site that was critical for expression of a downstream reporter. (canada.ca)
  • Notably, we discover a novel promoter from a hypothetical gene that has 9-fold activation upon UV exposure. (biorxiv.org)
  • My group uses a number of biophysical approaches to elicit growth responses from fungal hyphae at the molecular and whole-cell levels. (exeter.ac.uk)
  • My research focuses on how the interactions of filamentous fungal pathogens with their physical environment results in invasive growth behaviour. (exeter.ac.uk)
  • Interactions of associated loci were identified for MGR selection in trees with complex genetic backgrounds. (frontiersin.org)
  • Bioinformatics Plant genomics and genome evolution, transposable elements, and regulatory gene evolution. (uga.edu)
  • All cells must detect and respond to changes in their environment, often through changes in gene expression. (nih.gov)
  • Interestingly, FLU-exposed biofilms showed no significant changes in gene expression over the course of the experiment. (who.int)
  • Molecular characterization and gene expression of lhcb5 gene encoding CP26 in the light-harvesting complex II of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. (bio.net)