Genetic cells still undergo cancer stem cell clonal evolution. Medical search. Frequent questions

Upon its transition to the precancerous Barrett's esophagus epithelium, however, a small dedicated stem cell compartment appears that supports proliferation of the epithelium while concomitantly evidence for a stochastically dividing compartment contributing to the maintenance of the tissue disappears. (wikipedia.org)
Cell proliferation involves the replication of all cellular contents with the required energy for this to happen. (hindawi.com)
To prevent aberrant cell proliferation, these pathways are tightly regulated. (hindawi.com)
This activation is necessary for both cell proliferation as well as glucose uptake and use. (hindawi.com)
The proliferation and differentiation of pluripotent stem cells give rise to progeny that can populate the entire immunologic and hematopoietic systems through committed progenitors of both the lymphoid and myeloid lineages. (medscape.com)
Initial control of EBV in healthy persons involves NK cells that can kill virus-infected cells ( 3 , 4 ) and secrete IFN-γ, which inhibits B cell proliferation, and monocytes, which release chemokines in response to virus infection ( 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
Overview of Plasma Cell Disorders Plasma cell disorders are a diverse group of disorders of unknown etiology characterized by Disproportionate proliferation of a single clone of B cells Presence of a structurally and electrophoretically. (merckmanuals.com)
This process is mediated by 2 mutually exclusive programs of gene expression: 1) an undifferentiated program supporting proliferation by stem cells within the basal layer and 2) a differentiation program instructing growth arrest and differentiation-associated programmed cell death in suprabasal layers. (stanford.edu)
1] 'Multiforme,' which refers to a heterogenous histologic appearance and proliferation of multiple cell types, was abandoned from the revised nomenclature in the 2007 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System, and is now simply called 'glioblastoma. (cancernetwork.com)
2] Glioblastoma is histologically defined by neoplastic cells with astrocytic characteristics and the presence of either endothelial proliferation-often in a glomeruloid morphology-and/or necrosis, which may resemble a pseudopalisading pattern (a false fence of neoplastic cells surrounding an area of necrotic tissue). (cancernetwork.com)
There is clonal proliferation of malignant hematopoietic stem cells, dysregulated cellular differentiation, and compromised tissue function. (standardofcare.com)
Myeloproliferative neoplasms present with the clonal proliferation of 1 or more myeloid cell lineages.10 The role of genetic and genomic aberrations in pathogenesis has been well documented for these disorders. (oncomine.com)
Each cell is programmed for a certain number of cell divisions and at the end of that time proliferation halts. (lookformedical.com)
To evaluate the leukemogenic role of RUNX1-MT in ASXL1 -mutated cells, we co-expressed RUNX1 -MT (R135T) and ASXL1 -MT (R693X) in different cell lines and performed immunoblot, co-immunoprecipitation, gene expression microarray, quantitative RT-PCR, cell proliferation, differentiation, and clonogenic assays for in vitro functional analyses. (biomedcentral.com)
The expression of RUNX1 mutant in ASXL1 -mutated myeloid cells augmented proliferation, blocked differentiation, and increased self-renewal activity. (biomedcentral.com)

This cell model suggests these mutations could occur to any cell in the body resulting in a cancer. (wikipedia.org)
According to the "stochastic model" (or "clonal evolution model") every cancer cell in a tumor could gain the ability to self-renew and differentiate to the numerous and heterogeneous lineages of cancer cells that compromise a tumor These mutations could progressively accumulate and enhance the resistance and fitness of cells that allow them to outcompete other tumor cells, better known as the somatic evolution model. (wikipedia.org)
However, cancer cells overcome these controls, in particular by acquiring genetic mutations leading to the activation of oncogenes (pten, myc) or loss of tumor suppressors (p53) [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
Non-FA (or underlying FA) patients harboring heterozygous germline FA gene mutations may also face an increased risk of developing bone marrow failure, primary immunodeficiency disease, and hereditary cancer predisposition syndromes. (frontiersin.org)
This case highlights the importance of genetic counseling in patients with hematopoietic neoplasms with high clinical suspicion for carrying cancer susceptibility gene mutations, which require timely diagnosis and personalized management. (frontiersin.org)
Comprehensive genetic testing showed that many molecular variations (including FA gene germline mutations, RAS and epigenetic pathway somatic mutations, and NUP98-HOXC11 fusion) were highly linked to her serious and complex medical history ( Figures 1A, B ). (frontiersin.org)
(B) The patient was born with four Fanconi anemia (FA) gene mutations and germline predisposition to cancers. (frontiersin.org)
She developed ovarian cancer, and then the altered FA pathway plus exposure to cytotoxic drugs promoted the emergence of acquired somatic mutations and the NUP98-HOXC11 fusion, all of which contributed to the development of secondary t-CMML. (frontiersin.org)
Tumour heterogeneity is a phenomenon where each cell that makes up a tumour, contains mutations that differ from that of other cells in the tumour. (scienceopen.com)
An analysis of 31 tissues finds that random mutations acquired during stem cell divisions correlate with lifetime cancer risk. (the-scientist.com)
Researchers have attributed these differences in cancer rates to environmental risk factors, such as smoking or exposure to ultraviolet light, as well as to heritable mutations. (the-scientist.com)
The idea that the number of cell divisions and the number of somatic mutations-and therefore, increased cancer risk-are linked is not new, but "the approach taken here to evaluate the level of correlation is original," said Hudson. (the-scientist.com)
Most fully differentiated cells, even those that have accumulated mutations, do not seed a tumor because of their short lifespan. (the-scientist.com)
In addition, intrinsic differences in subclonal tumor cells that arise from random mutations can create distinct niches within limited lesions. (spandidos-publications.com)
These studies reveal a wide range of genetic tumor heterogeneity in both spatial and temporal dimensions, encompassing diverse single-nucleotide mutations, insertions, deletions and copy number variations ( 9 , 10 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
In primary tumors, mutations in driver genes frequently provide a survival advantage and give rise to a dominant clonal population. (spandidos-publications.com)
By contrast, mutations in noncoding regions do not provide significant growth advantages during tumor evolution ( 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
The mutation occurs in hematopoetic stem cells capable of self renewal and additional mutations are associated with clonal progression may occur in progenitor cells conferring a self renewal capability. (standardofcare.com)
1,2 This shift is due in part to advances in NGS technology, which have propelled the discovery of somatic mutations that play a pivotal role in hematological disorders and the associated development of targeted therapies.2 These newly identified genetic alterations and molecular pathways provide valuable clinical insights across the continuum of care. (oncomine.com)
Myeloid malignancies arise from mutations in hematopoietic stem or progenitor cells. (oncomine.com)
4 These clonal disorders often exhibit high degrees of heterogeneity, complex karyotypes, and multiple categories of somatic mutations. (oncomine.com)
While an increasing number of specific genetic abnormalities have been associated with different congenital marrow failure syndromes over the past few years, only a proportion of patients within each congenital disease category have the mutations described. (ashpublications.org)
This suggests both that many other mutations remain to be identified and that many combinations of events, genetic and environmental, can combine to yield similar clinical syndromes. (ashpublications.org)
Co-expression of two mutant genes increased myeloid stem cells in animal model, suggesting that cooperation of RUNX1 and ASXL1 mutations played a critical role in leukemia transformation. (biomedcentral.com)
Mice transduced with both ASXL1 and RUNX1 mutations enhanced inhibitor of DNA binding 1 (ID1) expression in the spleen, liver, and bone marrow cells. (biomedcentral.com)

The intricate molecular mechanisms involved in the regenerative process of the normal intestine and the identity of putative somatic intestinal stem cells have become clear. (mdpi.com)
Most of the liver and all of the brain metastases harbored many private clonal somatic SNVs, but no subclonal ones. (genomeweb.com)
Genomic studies have now clarified the subclassification of ALL and have demonstrated a close interplay between inherited and somatic genetic alterations in the biology of ALL. (haematologica.org)
In reality, gene somatic cells to a pluripotent cell state by a handful of transcrip- expression is graded, making the potential gene expression tion factors (Takahashi and Yamanaka, 2006). (lu.se)

In order for a cell to become cancerous it must undergo a significant number of alterations to its DNA sequence. (wikipedia.org)
Genomic alterations in cultured human embryonic stem cells. (nih.gov)
Relative to early-passage lines, eight of nine late-passage hESC lines had one or more genomic alterations commonly observed in human cancers, including aberrations in copy number (45%), mitochondrial DNA sequence (22%) and gene promoter methylation (90%), although the latter was essentially restricted to 2 of 14 promoters examined. (nih.gov)
The observation that hESC lines maintained in vitro develop genetic and epigenetic alterations implies that periodic monitoring of these lines will be required before they are used in in vivo applications and that some late-passage hESC lines may be unusable for therapeutic purposes. (nih.gov)
Generally, metastases have been thought to arise as a subset of cancer cells accumulates additional genomic alterations that enable them to spread. (genomeweb.com)
Epigenetic control of gene expression lasts through multiple cell divisions without alterations in primary DNA sequence and can occur via mechanisms that include histone modification and DNA methylation. (stanford.edu)
RAC1 Alterations Induce Acquired Dabrafenib Resistance in Association with Anaplastic Transformation in a Papillary Thyroid Cancer Patient. (mdanderson.org)
Although mutation- or pathway-directed targeted therapy (e.g., using tyrosine kinase inhibitors to treat Philadelphia chromosome [Ph]-positive and Phlike B-cell-ALL) is currently available for only a minority of children with ALL, many of the newly identified molecular alterations have led to the exploration of approaches targeting deregulated cell pathways. (haematologica.org)
nor did they satisfactorily reveal the nature of the genetic alterations driving leukemogenesis. (haematologica.org)
Considering this genetic defect and the frequent genomic alterations of the NBPF1 locus in several cancer types, we hypothesized that NBPF1 is a tumor suppressor. (biomedcentral.com)
Genetic alterations in the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway are a frequent mechanism of resistance to chemoimmunotherapy (CIT) in B-cell malignancies. (sfb1530.de)
Rejuvenation therapies aim to reverse or repair age-related cellular changes such as molecular waste, calcification , tissue stiffening , loss of stem cell function , genetic alterations, and impaired energy production . (fightaging.org)

CSCs may generate tumors through the stem cell processes of self-renewal and differentiation into multiple cell types. (wikipedia.org)
In different tumor subtypes, cells within the tumor population exhibit functional heterogeneity and tumors are formed from cells with various proliferative and differentiation capacities. (wikipedia.org)
We now recognize that tumor suppressor genes regulate diverse cellular activities, including cell cycle checkpoint responses, detection and repair of DNA damage, protein ubiquitination and degradation, mitogenic signaling, cell specification, differentiation and migration, and tumor angiogenesis. (scienceopen.com)
In stratified epithelia proliferative basal cells adherent to the underlying basement membrane undergo cell cycle arrest then outward migration and terminal differentiation. (stanford.edu)
We are currently pursuing studies of the dominant signaling and gene regulatory networks that control this process, including the Ras/MAPK cascade, which is required for stem cell-mediated self-renewal and the p53 transcription factor family member, p63, which is required for epidermal differentiation. (stanford.edu)
The function of histone modifying epigenetic regulators and noncoding RNA as central mediators of epithelial stem cell renewal and differentiation represent major emerging areas of study in the lab. (stanford.edu)
Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor 3 Potentiates Inflammatory Programs in Normal and Leukemia Stem Cells to Promote Differentiation. (jdstemcellresearch.ca)
Stem and progenitor cell populations are often heterogeneous, which may reflect stem cell subsets that express subtly different properties, including different propensities for lineage selection upon differentiation, yet remain able to interconvert. (lu.se)
A key challenge is to understand how state, but must also afford flexibility in cell-fate choice to permit the different cell-fate options confronting stem and progenitor cell-type diversification and differentiation in response to cells are selected and coordinated such that adoption of a given intrinsic cues or extrinsic signals. (lu.se)
Evidence the fate of stem cells has broad ramifications for biomedical suggests that during development or differentiation, cells make science from elucidating the causes of cancer to the use of very precise transitions between apparently stable ``network stem cells in regenerative medicine. (lu.se)
The natural process of blood cell formation, hematopoietic stem cell differentiation, and generation of myeloid and lymphoid cell lineages. (oncomine.com)

This, and other extraordinary scientific goals achieved by molecular cancer research in the last 30 years, seems to suggest that definitive answers and solutions to this severe disease have been finally found. (jcancer.org)
however, his theory today is considered a pillar of modern molecular approaches to cancer. (jcancer.org)
Figure 1 A brief summary of the medical history and comprehensive molecular-genetic analysis. (frontiersin.org)
Molecular genetic studies of familial cancer syndromes identified and defined the recessive nature of tumor suppressor genes and resolved the paradox of why tumors arising in such families exhibited an autosomally dominant pattern of inheritance. (scienceopen.com)
This includes the development of novel proteomics methodologies, identification of liquid biopsy signatures and the molecular identification of novel cell surface markers. (stanford.edu)
thus, the Molecular Analysis for Therapy Choice (MATCH) and the Molecular Profiling-Based Assignment of Cancer Therapy (MPACT) trials were incorporated into the Precision Medicine initiative. (tufts.edu)
To address this and to also study the oncogenic potential of unregulated function of dominant regulators of epithelial homeostasis noted above, we developed Multi-Functional Human Tissue Genetics noted above which, when combined with skin tissue regeneration on immune deficient mice, has permitted the molecular reconstruction of events sufficient to trigger human cancer. (stanford.edu)
The heterogeneity of glioblastoma can suppress immune cell function and lead to immune evasion, which presents a challenge in developing effective molecular therapies for tumor cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
Criteria for diagnosis of MDS consist of anemia, thrombocytopenia, or neutropenia that persist for six months or longer, dysplasia greater than 10% in at least one bone marrow cell lineage, and MDS associated clonal cytogenetic abnormalities or molecular markers. (standardofcare.com)
She obtained her postdoctoral training in the Department of Cancer Biology at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, joined the Department of Genetics in 2002, where she established the Molecular Cytogenetics Facility as an Institutional specialty resource. (mdanderson.org)
We demonstrated that NBPF1 exerts different tumor suppressive effects, depending on the cell line analyzed, and provide new clues into the molecular mechanism of the enigmatic NBPF proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
Our engineering targets include biomolecules, molecular circuits, viruses, and cells, and our approach combines quantitative experimental analysis with computational simulation. (stanford.edu)
The molecular tools we build will be applied to diverse fields such as neurobiology and cancer therapy. (stanford.edu)
The availability of molecular testing has assisted in partial resolution of this problem but has raised new issues, such as the potential of genetic predisposition and the management of asymptomatic individuals with molecular markers. (ashpublications.org)
Nonetheless, the availability of such "genetic testing" has revealed increasing numbers of individuals who by clinical criteria appear to have idiopathic aplastic anemia (AA) and appear phenotypically normal yet have molecular hallmarks of congenital marrow failure syndromes. (ashpublications.org)
Recent advances in flow cytometric and molecular measurable residual disease detection have further enhanced modern risk-stratified approaches to chemotherapy and allocation to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in first complete remission (CR1) when indicated. (haematologica.org)

Abnormal metabolism and the evasion of apoptosis are considered hallmarks of cancers. (hindawi.com)
A successful therapy must therefore eliminate these cells known to be highly resistant to apoptosis. (hindawi.com)
In this paper, we describe the metabolic changes as well as the mechanisms of resistance to apoptosis occurring in cancer cells and cancer stem cells, underlying the connection between these two processes. (hindawi.com)
Accelerated hematopoietic cell apoptosis has been demonstrated in virtually all IBMFS. (medscape.com)
Most CD8 cells are directed to lytic antigens initially, and these cells rapidly undergo apoptosis ( 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
Furthermore, GSOs protected cells against GLU-induced apoptosis by reducing the expression of the mitochondrial apoptosis-associated Bcl-2 family effector proteins and protected cells from GLU-induced oxidative damage by increasing the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and HO-1 expression. (sdbonline.org)
Depletion of GSPT1 by CC-90009 rapidly induces acute myeloid leukemia (AML) apoptosis, reducing leukemia engraftment and leukemia stem cells (LSCs) in large-scale primary patient xenografting of 35 independent AML samples, including those with adverse risk features. (jdstemcellresearch.ca)
The MDS cell of origin is a hematopoetic stem cell that proliferates and escapes apoptosis. (standardofcare.com)
The cell enters a quiescent state after which it experiences CELL DEATH via the process of APOPTOSIS. (lookformedical.com)

Lesions are caused by bone replacement by expanding plasmacytomas or by cytokines that are secreted by malignant plasma cells that activate osteoclasts and suppress osteoblasts, leading to bone loss. (merckmanuals.com)
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease in terms of genetic basis, clinical, biological and prognostic, and is a malignant clonal disease of leukemia stem cells (LSCs). (biomedcentral.com)
Also, the term "primary cutaneous CD4 + small/medium T-cell lymphoma" was changed to "primary cutaneous CD4 + small/medium T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder" because of its indolent clinical behavior and uncertain malignant potential. (medscape.com)

I have expertise in novel therapies for acute myeloid leukemia, stem cell mobilization and homing, as well as stem cell transplantation. (rochester.edu)
75 years old) followed by cytarabine consolidations and/or allogeneic stem-cell transplantation (ASCT). (dovepress.com)
The only proven effective treatment for the disease is hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. (frontiersin.org)
High-dose melphalan followed by autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation may also be used. (merckmanuals.com)
But there is a current lack of data regarding the clinical benefit of autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) for patients with myeloma achieving early MRD-negative status after induction treatment, in addition to the interaction of longitudinal MRD status with ASCT. (bvsalud.org)
Approaches to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT), using both conventional and alternative donors, are changing rapidly, and the long-term sequelae of newer approaches are not entirely clear. (ashpublications.org)
The specific medications administered depend on the choice of therapy and whether it is supportive care only, immunosuppressive therapy, or hematopoietic cell transplantation. (medscape.com)
Central venous catheter placement is required before the administration of hematopoietic cell transplantation. (medscape.com)

The precise pathophysiology of inherited single cell and multilineage cytopenias has not been elucidated despite the identification of many of the genes mutated in these disorders. (medscape.com)
The review highlights the discovery of oncogenes and suppressor tumor genes, underlining the crucial role of these achievements in cancer diagnosis and therapies. (jcancer.org)
At the same time, the researchers found in a separate cohort of 2,751 patients with colorectal cancer, including 938 patients with metastatic cancer, that most metastases harbored a set of core colorectal cancer driver genes, but also an additional candidate metastasis driver gene. (genomeweb.com)
The risk management of an individual with a pathogenic variant in two or more genes that confer a predisposition to cancer should also be individualised. (eviq.org.au)
Mutation-driver genes cause clonal outgrowth and propagation of myelodysplastic hematopoiesis. (standardofcare.com)
Although the expertise well Discover Markovian rights to itUniformance cancer papers therefore devoted with the digestive( 1, 2, 4), MSCE media see by no has first genes of the length share but should Find described Please nationalist inventions that need to choose second videos and century analyses in octal. (lightseed.com)
We investigated by real-time quantitative RT-PCR the expression profile of a panel of genes important in cell cycle regulation. (biomedcentral.com)
Interestingly, the 1p36 region is frequently deleted not only in NB, but also in other human cancer types, including those of neural, epithelial and hematopoietic origin, indicating that the same tumor suppressor genes might be involved in a broad range of human cancers [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
explosion further, consider that a fictitious small genome with 2002) More recently and more dramatically, the potential for 260 genes would host the same number of combinations as cell state conversions is exemplified by the reprogramming of the number of atoms in the visible universe! (lu.se)

Aberrant GLYAT expression is associated with human cancers, yet its role in cancer remains unknown. (sdbonline.org)

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a caricature of normal hematopoiesis driven from leukemia stem cells (LSC) that share some hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) programs including responsiveness to inflammatory signaling. (jdstemcellresearch.ca)
Clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis and peripheral cytopenias. (standardofcare.com)
Old age is associated with clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential which is considered a precursor to MDS. (standardofcare.com)
Similarly, GATA-1 has been shown to induce lineage switching expression values even if, for simplicity, we assume only ``on'' of committed cells in hematopoiesis, first in cell lines (Kulessa and ``off'' states for each gene. (lu.se)
An aggressive disease (rapid onset and progression) that occurs primarily in adulthood and is marked by an abnormal increase and accumulation of myeloblasts (immature myeloid cells) in the bone marrow and blood, which leads to impaired hematopoiesis and bone marrow failure. (oncomine.com)
This group of heterogeneous bone marrow disorders is characterized by defective hematopoiesis, growth, and maturation of blood-forming cells, resulting in an abnormal reduction of 1 or more types of blood cells in the bone marrow.11 MDS present with bone marrow failure and associated abnormal cell morphology. (oncomine.com)

Colorectal cancer is the third-leading cause of cancer related mortality in the United States. (mdpi.com)
NEW YORK (GenomeWeb) - Many colorectal cancer metastases may have arisen and spread even before the primary tumor was large enough to be detected, according to a new study. (genomeweb.com)
A Stanford University-led team of researchers used exome sequencing data from patients with metastatic colorectal cancer to examine how the cancer spread to distant sites. (genomeweb.com)
In the majority of metastatic colorectal cancer patients analyzed in this study, the cancer cells had already spread and begun to grow long before the primary tumor was clinically detectable," senior author Christina Curtis, an assistant professor of medicine and genetics at Stanford, said in a statement. (genomeweb.com)
She and her colleagues analyzed exome sequencing data from 23 patients with colorectal cancer who had distant metastases to the liver, a common metastatic site, or the brain, a less common, but often fatal metastatic site. (genomeweb.com)
This suggested to the researchers that early dissemination can occur in many colorectal cancer patients, underscoring the need for early detection, possibly through detecting cell-free tumor DNA as these small tumors fall at the limits of detection for imaging approaches. (genomeweb.com)
Colorectal and basal cell tissue have the highest number of cell divisions of the tissues analyzed and are also the most frequently observed cancer type. (the-scientist.com)
Decreased expression of NBPF1 in neuroblastoma cell lines with loss of 1p36 heterozygosity and the marked decrease of anchorage-independent clonal growth of DLD1 colorectal carcinoma cells with induced NBPF1 expression further suggest that NBPF1 functions as tumor suppressor. (biomedcentral.com)

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are cancer cells (found within tumors or hematological cancers) that possess characteristics associated with normal stem cells, specifically the ability to give rise to all cell types found in a particular cancer sample. (wikipedia.org)
Such cells are hypothesized to persist in tumors as a distinct population and cause relapse and metastasis by giving rise to new tumors. (wikipedia.org)
Hence, at least for certain neoplastic tissues, dedicated stem cell compartments maintain and enlarge the size of the transformed compartment The cancer stem cell model, also known as the Hierarchical Model proposes that tumors are hierarchically organized (CSCs lying at the apex (Fig. 3). (wikipedia.org)
Within the cancer population of the tumors there are cancer stem cells (CSC) that are tumorigenic cells and are biologically distinct from other subpopulations They have two defining features: their long-term ability to self-renew and their capacity to differentiate into progeny that is non-tumorigenic but still contributes to the growth of the tumor. (wikipedia.org)
Indeed, one critical question contemplated at the Workshop was whether tumors derive from organ stem cells that retain self-renewal properties but acquire epigenetic and genetic changes required for tumorigenicity or whether tumor stem cells are proliferative progenitors that acquire self-renewal capacity. (aacrjournals.org)
In the cancer stem cell model of tumors, there is a small subset of cancer cells, the cancer stem cells, which constitute a reservoir of self-sustaining cells with the exclusive ability to self-renew and maintain the tumor. (aacrjournals.org)
If cancer stem cells are relatively refractory to therapies that have been developed to eradicate the rapidly dividing cells within the tumor that constitute the majority of the nonstem cell component of tumors, then they are unlikely to be curative and relapses would be expected. (aacrjournals.org)
Cancer has been in existence on Earth even before the appearance of man, as evidenced by paleontological findings of tumors in animals ( 1 , 2 ). (jcancer.org)
Furthermore, tumor heterogeneity has a significant impact on both the immune microenvironment and the infiltration of various immune cells within tumors, such as cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) ( 5 ), myeloid antigen-presenting cells ( 6 ) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) ( 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
This heterogeneity can vary greatly between different types of immune cells, leading to further complexity in understanding the immune response to tumors. (spandidos-publications.com)
NB tumors are derived from the sympathetic nervous system and account for approximately 15% of cancer deaths in children [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Traditional two-dimensional (2D) cell culture models have had a profound impact on both basic and clinical research in the pulmonary field. (stemcell.com)
They found that in their dataset 83 percent of the primary metastatic tumor pairs from 17 of the 21 patients likely underwent metastatic dissemination when the primary tumor was below the limits of clinical detection - smaller than 0.01 cm 3 in size. (genomeweb.com)
They further estimated using clinical data that metastatic dissemination likely occurred more than three years before patients underwent surgery. (genomeweb.com)
Aguirre-Ghiso, J. A. Models, mechanisms and clinical evidence for cancer dormancy. (nature.com)
American Cancer Society Clinical Fellowship Award. (rochester.edu)
The care of an individual who has developed a related tumour or cancer should be individualised based on their clinical situation, their family history and the monitoring they need as part of their treatment and post-treatment follow-up. (eviq.org.au)
National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) Clinical Practice Guidelines also recommend the use of serum free light chain assay and plasma cell fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on bone marrow: del 13, del 17p13, t(4;14), t(11;14), t(14;16), t(14;20), 1q21 amplification, 1p deletion as part of the initial diagnostic workup. (medscape.com)
these drugs are already approved by the FDA for certain cancer types or are being tested in other clinical trials. (tufts.edu)
Current clinical data on patients with relapsed cancers, a major focus of the MATCH trial, do not seem favorable either. (tufts.edu)
The majority of glioblastomas are IDH wild-type and correspond to the longstanding clinical description of primary glioblastomas, which arise rapidly from non-neoplastic brain cells and progress quickly. (cancernetwork.com)
As part of our mission to eliminate cancer, MD Anderson researchers conduct hundreds of clinical trials to test new treatments for both common and rare cancers. (mdanderson.org)
Bio Our lab works at the interface of biotechnology, computational biology, cellular biology, and clinical medicine to develop and apply new tools for characterizing genetic variation across single cells within a tissue with unparalleled sensitivity and accuracy. (stanford.edu)
The 2005 World Health Organization-European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (WHO-EORTC) classification of CTCLs is divided into those with indolent clinical behavior and those with aggressive subtypes. (medscape.com)
Clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 harboring detectable intracellular SARS-CoV-2 RNA in peripheral blood cells. (google.com)
The biological properties and clinical potential of stem cells elicit that are generated must not be unduly sensitive to small fluctu- continued scientific, commercial, and public interest. (lu.se)
This study aimed to explore pathways to facilitate cancer prevention in at risk individuals that are not currently available in the clinical setting. (edu.au)
The landscape of relapsed pediatric AML treatment is changing rapidly, however, as the international AML community harnesses collective knowledge and resources to characterize the genetic and immunophenotypic heterogeneity of relapsed disease, identify biological targets of interest within specific AML subtypes, develop new precision medicine approaches for collaborative investigation in early-phase clinical trials, and tackle challenges of universal drug access across the globe. (haematologica.org)
This review provides a comprehensive overview of progress achieved to date in the treatment of pediatric patients with relapsed AML and highlights modern, state-of-the-art therapeutic approaches under active and emerging clinical investigation that have been facilitated by international collaboration among academic pediatric oncologists, laboratory scientists, regulatory agencies, pharmaceutical partners, cancer research sponsors, and patient advocates. (haematologica.org)
1-4 These survival gains have been attributed largely to advances in biological and genetic characterization of heterogeneous pediatric AML subtypes via next-generation sequencing with clinical outcome correlation, and to enhanced supportive care measures focused on reducing toxicities from intensive multi-agent chemotherapy regimens required for cure. (haematologica.org)
The clinical presentation of patients with aplastic anemia includes symptoms related to the decrease in bone marrow production of hematopoietic cells (see the image below). (medscape.com)

The Conference is part of a long-term commitment to invest in early detection research, to understand the biology behind early stage cancers, find new detection and screening methods, and enhance uptake and accuracy of screening. (stanford.edu)
The Kislinger lab applies proteomics technologies to translational and basic cancer biology. (stanford.edu)
The message is straightforward and clear," said Giovanni Parmigiani a statistician and chair of the department of biostatistics and computational biology at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in Boston, who was not involved in this study but has previously collaborated with the authors. (the-scientist.com)
Understanding cell-fate decisions in stem cell populations is a major goal of modern biology. (lu.se)

Cancer stem cells were first identified by John Dick in acute myeloid leukemia in the late 1990s. (wikipedia.org)
increased risk of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL). (eviq.org.au)
Although inflammation dysregulates mature myeloid cells and influences stemness programs and lineage determination in HSCs by activating stress myelopoiesis, such roles in LSCs are poorly understood. (jdstemcellresearch.ca)
CC-90009, a novel cereblon E3 ligase modulator, targets acute myeloid leukemia blasts and leukemia stem cells. (jdstemcellresearch.ca)
A heterogenous group of myeloid disorders characterized by somatically mutated hematopoietic stem cells,the presence of variable peripheral cytopenias, and a broad risk of progression to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). (standardofcare.com)
With an ever-growing list of biomarkers, inherent genetic complexity, and the risk of rapid progression, myeloid malignancies challenge the current iterative testing paradigm and call for a streamlined testing approach that yields rapid results. (oncomine.com)
Characterized by excessive, abnormal white blood cell (granulocyte) production and the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome/BCR-ABL mutation, chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a slow-growing cancer of the blood-forming tissue (bone marrow). (oncomine.com)

Several lines of evidence indicate that there is a genetic predisposition to acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), at least in a subset of cases. (haematologica.org)

These cancer stem cells have the capacity to both divide and expand the cancer stem cell pool and to differentiate into the heterogeneous nontumorigenic cancer cell types that in most cases appear to constitute the bulk of the cancer cells within the tumor. (aacrjournals.org)
Throughout the lifetime of patients with an FA gene mutation, DNA damage increasing accumulates, which would lead to a complex clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorder characterized by developmental abnormalities, bone marrow failure (BMF), immune deficiency, and a high risk of developing various cancers (e.g. (frontiersin.org)
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) (see the image below) is a heterogeneous group of lymphoproliferative disorders characterized by localization of neoplastic T lymphocytes to the skin, with no evidence of extracutaneous disease at the time of diagnosis. (medscape.com)

Inherited bone marrow failure syndromes (IBMFS) are usually the result of intrinsic stem cell/progenitor defects. (medscape.com)
Constitutional syndromes such as Down syndrome and ataxia-telangiectasia are associated with increased risk of B-cell-ALL (with CRLF2 rearrangement) and T-cell-ALL, respectively. (haematologica.org)
Familial cancer syndromes such as Li-Fraumeni syndrome, constitutional mismatch repair deficiency syndrome, or DNA repair syndromes (e.g. (haematologica.org)

We report a female patient who suffered from ovarian cancer at 50 years of age. (frontiersin.org)
Consequently, she developed ovarian cancer and secondary t-CMML and then suffered from BMF and delayed post−chemotherapy bone marrow recovery after several chemotherapy courses. (frontiersin.org)
Fanconi anemia, breast/ovarian cancer, leukemia) ( 5 - 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
Unfortunately, she developed ovarian cancer, secondary t-CMML, and post−chemotherapy BMF sequentially in her fifties. (frontiersin.org)
The expression level of NCALD gene was associated with the prognosis of ovarian cancer and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). (biomedcentral.com)
Ovarian cancer (OC) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in women. (edu.au)
In Chapter 3 of this thesis, I describe the TRACEBACK study - a novel approach to OC prevention through finding previously unrecognised carriers of pathogenic germline variants (PVs) among women with high grade non-mucinous ovarian cancer (HGNMOC) who had missed the opportunity for genetic testing. (edu.au)

Essentially this theory proposes that all cells have the ability to be tumorigenic making all tumor cells equipotent with the ability to self-renew or differentiate, leading to tumor heterogeneity while others can differentiate into non-CSCs The cell's potential can be influenced by unpredicted genetic or epigenetic factors, resulting in phenotypically diverse cells in both the tumorigenic and non-tumorigenic cells that compose the tumor. (wikipedia.org)

This model suggests that only certain subpopulations of cancer stem cells have the ability to drive the progression of cancer, meaning that there are specific (intrinsic) characteristics that can be identified and then targeted to destroy a tumor long-term without the need to battle the whole tumor. (wikipedia.org)
Accumulating evidence shows that cancer stem cells are key drivers of tumor formation, progression, and recurrence. (hindawi.com)
A workshop was convened by the AACR to discuss the rapidly emerging cancer stem cell model for tumor development and progression. (aacrjournals.org)
This review highlights how cancer onset and progression has been tackled from ancient times to present day. (jcancer.org)
3 , 4 Since 2020, older or unfit patients are treated by a non-intensive approach combining the hypomethylating agent azacitidine and the B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) inhibitor venetoclax given orally until progression. (dovepress.com)
As Dr. Vinay Prasad, a haematologist-oncologist at Knight Cancer Institute, points out , only 30% of such patients respond to drugs based on biological markers and the median progression-free survival is 5.7 months. (tufts.edu)
Because Down syndrome leukemogenesis initiates during fetal development, we characterized the cellular and developmental context of preleukemic initiation and leukemic progression using gene editing in human disomic and trisomic fetal hematopoietic cells and xenotransplantation. (jdstemcellresearch.ca)
Telomere shortening is involved in the progression of CELL AGING. (lookformedical.com)

Clonal evolution that leads to emergence of a dominant mutant genotype may potentially affect cellular phenotype as well. (nih.gov)
In normal cells, glucose participates in cellular energy production through glycolysis as well as through its complete catabolism via the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). (hindawi.com)
Relationship between hematogenous tumor cell dissemination and cellular immunity in DCIS patients. (nature.com)
Counterintuitively the definition of cellular senescence is of cells that can no longer divide to make two new cells, rather than cells that no longer work. (thenakedscientists.com)
You may have heard that we cannot make new neurons in adulthood, this is because neurons have undergone cellular senescence. (thenakedscientists.com)
Mapping the cellular origin and early evolution of leukemia in Down syndrome. (jdstemcellresearch.ca)
The efficacy of cellular or humoral immunotherapy has been demonstrated with the success of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy and the bispecific engager blinatumomab in treating advanced disease. (haematologica.org)
Collectively characterized by an abnormal increase in multiple blood lineages (granulocytes neutrophils, eosinophils, and myelocytes) that exhibit variable degrees of cellular maturity, especially in bone marrow and blood, CMDs also have the potential to undergo clonal evolution. (oncomine.com)

Cultured human embryonic stem cell (hESC) lines are an invaluable resource because they provide a uniform and stable genetic system for functional analyses and therapeutic applications. (nih.gov)
Dr. Multani has extensive expertise in the field of Human and Mammalian Cytogenetics, and specializes in the evaluation of genetic instability and complex chromosomal rearrangements in cancer cells, telomere dysfunction, characterization of embryonic stem cells, and authentication of cell lines. (mdanderson.org)
We discuss these properties with examples both from the hematopoietic and embryonic stem cell (ESC) systems. (lu.se)

Cancer Sci , 2023 Jun 26. (google.com)

The meeting participants were charged with evaluating data suggesting that cancers develop from a small subset of cells with self-renewal properties analogous to organ stem cells. (aacrjournals.org)
Lifelong blood production requires long-term hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSCs), marked by stemness states involving quiescence and self-renewal, to transition into activated short-term HSCs (ST-HSCs) with reduced stemness. (jdstemcellresearch.ca)
To varying degrees, these fates also extend to the Such state stability is required in stem and progenitor cells to immediate progeny of stem cells, known as progenitor or support self-renewal and maintenance of the uncommitted transit-amplifying cells. (lu.se)

Typically, rapidly proliferating tumor cells have glycolytic rates up to 200 times higher than those of their normal tissue of origin, even in the presence of oxygen [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
Nowadays, even though scientific research moves ahead rapidly, cancer still needs solid and reliable solutions. (jcancer.org)
This heterogeneity is referred to as 'polymorphism', as tumor cells rapidly undergo mitosis, resulting in the formation of numerous subclones and uncertainty regarding the state of the genome. (spandidos-publications.com)

The control of this transition from epithelial stem cell to differentiated corneocyte, which is abnormal in epidermal cancers, is not well understood. (stanford.edu)
The clonal outgrowth of mutant stem cells favors and abnormal hematopoietic stem cell niche. (standardofcare.com)

Therefore, development of specific therapies targeted at CSCs holds hope for improvement of survival and quality of life of cancer patients, especially for patients with metastatic disease. (wikipedia.org)
and the cancer stem cells phenotype can vary substantially between patients. (scienceopen.com)
Patients with CAEBV in the United States most often present with disease involving B or T cells, while in Asia, the disease usually involves T or NK cells. (frontiersin.org)
These patients are unable to control EBV infection and have infiltration of tissues by EBV positive T, NK, or less often B cells. (frontiersin.org)
Some patients with CAEBV have been reported to have impaired NK cell ( 8 ) or T cell activity ( 9 - 13 ) against EBV-infected cells. (frontiersin.org)
In addition, reduced numbers of EBV-specific T cells have been described in patients with CAEBV disease ( 10 ). (frontiersin.org)
Unlike healthy persons with infectious mononucleosis, patients with CAEBV disease often have low numbers of EBV-specific CD8 cells ( 10 ). (frontiersin.org)
A recent study showed that patients with CAEBV or infectious mononucleosis have a decrease in the TCR-beta repertoire and expanded T cell clones in their peripheral blood compared with healthy carriers of EBV ( 14 ). (frontiersin.org)
In 15 to 20% of patients, plasma cells secrete only Bence Jones protein. (merckmanuals.com)
This program, under the leadership of Vice President Joe Biden, and with the help of an expert panel, the "Cancer Moonshot Task Force", aims to "make more therapies available to more patients, while also improving our ability to prevent cancer and detect it at an early stage. (tufts.edu)
Patients with this cancer type face significant morbidity and mortality, with over 13,000 deaths per year in the United States. (cancernetwork.com)
We analyzed the NCALD gene expression with the prognosis and LSC of 165 AML patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset and 78 AML patients from GEO dataset. (biomedcentral.com)
Your gift will help support our mission to end cancer and make a difference in the lives of our patients. (mdanderson.org)
We are focused on applying these technologies to study cancer clonal evolution while patients are undergoing treatment with the aim of identifying cancer clonotypes that are associated with resistance to specific drugs so as to better understand and predict treatment response. (stanford.edu)
Precision oncology is here, and many cancer patients are benefiting from this new paradigm. (sttrcancer.org)

Lipids, amino acids, and nucleotides necessary for the biosynthesis of the daughter cells are mostly provided by intermediate metabolites of these pathways. (hindawi.com)
Our long-term objectives are to understand the genetic pathways that control human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and to determine how changes in these programs lead to generating leukemic stem cells (LSC). (jdstemcellresearch.ca)
In terminally differentiated cell fate is coupled to appropriate regulation of the alternative cells, transcriptional networks must be stable and irreversible, pathways. (lu.se)

After careful consideration, we have made the decision to convert the Early Detection of Cancer Conference 2020 to a virtual conference, instead of the scheduled in-person conference on October 6-8 in London, UK. (stanford.edu)
Dr. John Dick on his famous discovery of cancer stem cells, and the puzzle of research (UHN Behind the Breakthrough Podcast, 2020) In this episode, Dr. John Dick takes us behind the scenes on his career, building on the pioneering work of Drs. James Till and Ernest McCulloch-the first to define the properties of stem cells. (jdstemcellresearch.ca)

Cancers (Basel) 13(19), 2021. (mdanderson.org)

Data table showing topics related to specific cancers and associated disorders. (cancerindex.org)

The etiology of bone marrow failure (BMF) includes defective stem/progenitor cells and/or stroma/accessory cells/growth factors, as well as deficient nonspecific nutrients or, as in the case of acquired aplastic anemia, immune-mediated abnormalities. (medscape.com)
Effects of hematopoietic stem cell adhesion on marrow stromal cell cytokine p. (rochester.edu)
Diagnosis typically requires demonstration of M-protein (sometimes present in urine and not serum but rarely absent entirely) and/or light-chain proteinuria, and excessive plasma cells in the bone marrow. (merckmanuals.com)
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy in which monoclonal plasma cells proliferate in bone marrow, resulting in an overabundance of monoclonal paraprotein (M protein), destruction of bone, and displacement of other hematopoietic cell lines. (medscape.com)
Bone marrow aspirate demonstrating plasma cells of multiple myeloma. (medscape.com)
When the bone marrow hematopoietic cells are mostly clonally derived cells, the disease is clinically manifested as cytopenia and morphologic dysplasia. (standardofcare.com)
10,14 The eventual accumulation of immature white blood cells (myeloblasts or blasts) in the blood and bone marrow impairs other blood cell development and leads to a shortage of red blood cells (anemia) and platelets. (oncomine.com)
Low power, H and E showing a hypocellular bone marrow with increased adipose tissue and decreased hematopoietic cells in the marrow space. (medscape.com)
The theoretical basis for marrow failure includes primary defects in or damage to the stem cell or the marrow microenvironment. (medscape.com)

Cancer rates among adult tissues vary substantially. (the-scientist.com)
But neither environmental factors nor inherited genetic variation can fully explain the substantial variability in cancer rates across tissues. (the-scientist.com)
Moreover, the total numbers of cells that make up these tissues also cannot explain varying cancer risk. (the-scientist.com)
C. Tomasetti and B. Vogelstein, "Variation in cancer risk among tissues can be explained by the number of stem cell divisions," Science , doi:10.1126/science.1260825, 2014. (the-scientist.com)
Skin malignancies, including epidermal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), alone account for nearly as many cancers as all other tissues combined. (stanford.edu)
The presence of serglycin in cells has been associated with the storage and retention of multiple proteases and hormones in cells of endothelial and hematopoietic origin, suggesting its importance in secretory functions across various tissues and cells. (edu.au)

Because each mutant has only a few progeny, the overall biological properties of the cell culture are not altered unless a mutation provides a survival or growth advantage. (nih.gov)
The last decade has witnessed great advances in our understanding of the genetic and biological basis of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), the development of experimental models to probe mechanisms and evaluate new therapies, and the development of more efficacious treatment stratification. (haematologica.org)
RNA is unique among biological macromolecules in that it can encode genetic information, serve as an abundant structural component of cells, and also possesses catalytic activity. (lookformedical.com)

Exactly a century ago, in the book, Zur Frage der Entstehung Maligner Tumoren , Boveri presented his theory on cancer that was based on chromosomal abnormality ( 4 - 6 ). (jcancer.org)
Etiology is unknown, although chromosomal and genetic factors, radiation, and chemicals have been suggested. (merckmanuals.com)

Effects of chemotherapy and hormonal therapy for early breast cancer on recurrence and 15-year survival: an overview of the randomised trials. (nature.com)
Survival benefit of early androgen receptor inhibitor therapy in locally advanced prostate cancer: long-term follow-up of the SPCG-6 study. (nature.com)
Increased survival with enzalutamide in prostate cancer after chemotherapy. (nature.com)

This functional heterogeneity among cancer cells has led to the creation of multiple propagation models to account for heterogeneity and differences in tumor-regenerative capacity: the cancer stem cell (CSC) and stochastic model. (wikipedia.org)
Glioblastoma (GBM) is characterized by significant genetic heterogeneity among tumor cells. (spandidos-publications.com)

In Drosophila with depleted RACK1 in all muscle cells or, specifically, in SC lineage resulted in a delayed recovery of skeletal muscle after physical damage as well as the low presence of active SC in the wound area. (sdbonline.org)
Aggressive tumor phenotypes can emerge through subtype changes and lineage plasticity as major mechanisms of treatment resistance in cancer. (sttrcancer.org)
The nature of the stem cell substates and their relationship to commitment to differ- entiate and lineage selection can be elucidated in terms of a landscape picture in which stable states can be defined mathematically as attractors. (lu.se)
This requirement strongly limits the number of solutions or entiation and lineage-specification, programmed cell death, and ``states'' for the system. (lu.se)
2008). Historically, this concept is highlighted by the experi- factors are key intrinsic regulators of these fate decisions and mental phenomenon of lineage reprogramming, for example, that fate choice involves modulating networks of transcription by the conversion of fibroblasts to muscles cells following trans- factors. (lu.se)

Dormant cancer cells: programmed quiescence, senescence, or both? (nature.com)
Fortunately for us, of the 37 trillion or so cells in our body, only a relatively small amount have undergone senescence. (thenakedscientists.com)

Considering the past, and reviewing the milestones of every scientific finding could help in molding future experimental approaches in cancer research. (jcancer.org)
Antibody- and T-cell-based approaches to targeting of B-cell maturation antigen have shown efficacy. (merckmanuals.com)

Nevertheless, these dividing cells, like other cells, probably undergo spontaneous mutation at a rate of 10(-9) per nucleotide. (nih.gov)
Vogelstein and Tomasetti reasoned that because there are minuscule differences in the mutation rates of different human cell types, the number of stem cell divisions within an organ over one's lifetime might explain cancer risk. (the-scientist.com)
The paradox is that the mutation provides advantage at the stem cell level and progenitor cells, with a disadvantage at the level of hematopoietic precursors. (standardofcare.com)

Old Tjikko has had many trunks and after each one has died, a new genetically identical, or "clonal", stem has arisen from the root system. (thenakedscientists.com)

Subsequent characterization of tumor suppressor proteins revealed their widespread involvement in sporadic cancers and pinpointed key mechanisms that protect animals against tumor development. (scienceopen.com)

Amazingly, the first human cancer gene was cloned only thirty years ago. (jcancer.org)
Park H, Imoto S , Miyano S. Comprehensive information-based differential gene regulatory networks analysis (CIdrgn): Application to gastric cancer and chemotherapy-responsive gene network identification. (google.com)
This project will focus on the study of the serglycin gene, the produced protein, and its modification in the hopes to better understand the motifs and interaction allows the retention and function of cytotoxic effector proteins in cytotoxic T cells. (edu.au)
Moreover, the RUNX1 mutant protein was more stable than WT and increased HIF1-α and its target ID1 gene expression in ASXL1 mutant cells. (biomedcentral.com)

This indicated to the researchers that a single cell or a small group of genetically similar cells seed most metastases. (genomeweb.com)

The major cell types of the large airway epithelium are goblet cells that produce and secrete mucus, ciliated cells that promote mucus motility through coordinated movement of their apical cilia, and basal cells that line the basement membrane and do not contact the apical surface of the epithelium. (stemcell.com)

If the cancer stem cell model is correct and if such cells retain the hallmarks of some tissue stem cells in being rare and entering the cell cycle infrequently, they could constitute a population that is intrinsically resistant to current therapies designed to kill cycling cells. (aacrjournals.org)

As few transcriptional changes underlie this transition, we used single-cell and bulk assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing (ATAC-seq) on human HSCs and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) subsets to uncover chromatin accessibility signatures, one including LT-HSCs (LT/HSPC signature) and another excluding LT-HSCs (activated HSPC [Act/HSPC] signature). (jdstemcellresearch.ca)

The overproduction of red blood cells characterizes polycythemia vera (PV), 1 of the 3 commonly classical Philadelphia chromosome-negative, or BCR-ABL, myeloproliferative neoplasms. (oncomine.com)

In contrast, bone tissue of the pelvis, head and arms undergoes the lowest number of stem cell divisions and has among the lowest observed cancer rates. (the-scientist.com)
Multiple myeloma is a cancer of plasma cells that produce monoclonal immunoglobulin and invade and destroy adjacent bone tissue. (merckmanuals.com)

CSCs are therefore tumorigenic (tumor-forming), perhaps in contrast to other non-tumorigenic cancer cells. (wikipedia.org)
In contrast to normal cells, most cancer cells predominantly produce energy by a high rate of glycolysis followed by lactate fermentation, even in the presence of oxygen, a less efficient metabolism compared to a low rate of glycolysis followed by mitochondrial oxidation of pyruvate [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
In contrast, cancer cells shift their metabolism toward lactate production even in the presence of oxygen [ 4 ], partly through genetic modifications that stabilize the transcription factor Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF) involved in the adaptation of the cells to hypoxia, under nonhypoxic conditions as well as generating an adaptive response to the hypoxic microenvironment (Figure 1 ). (hindawi.com)

But stem cells are longer-lived, self-renew, and give rise to clonal cell populations within a tissue. (the-scientist.com)

Neither breast nor prostate cancers were included in the study because there are no satisfactory data on the stem cell division rates for these tissue types. (the-scientist.com)
The levels of catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) were measured in PC12 cells and Drosophila brain tissue. (sdbonline.org)
GSOs also mitigated the deleterious effects of GLU on the mitochondrial membrane potential and Cyt C release, thus alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction, and increased GSH levels and CAT activity in both cells and Drosophila brain tissue. (sdbonline.org)
Our experimental focus is on the mammalian setting using multiomics, informatics, mouse genetics, human genetics, single cell studies, and new human tissue platforms. (stanford.edu)
These new models, which we term Multi-Functional Human Tissue Genetics, allow up to 10 alleles or more to be altered simultaneously, permitting genetic experiments with an unprecedented degree of rapidity and complexity. (stanford.edu)
Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. (lookformedical.com)

Cancer Research UK, OHSU Knight Cancer Institute and the Canary Center at Stanford, present the Early Detection of Cancer Conference series. (stanford.edu)
Cancer Research UK, OHSU Knight Cancer Institute and the Canary Center at Stanford, have been closely monitoring developments relating to the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak and reviewing guidance from government bodies. (stanford.edu)

20-year risks of breast-cancer recurrence after stopping endocrine therapy at 5 years. (nature.com)

A latent subset of human hematopoietic stem cells resists regenerative stress to preserve stemness. (jdstemcellresearch.ca)

However, rather than actively modifying the environment, multiple mechanisms guide the evolution of tumor cells through the selection of subclones with the most adaptive phenotype by environmental factors ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Cells have various mechanisms to restore length (TELOMERE HOMEOSTASIS. (lookformedical.com)

The function of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and Natural Killer cells is important for the clearance of intracellular pathogens and malignantly transformed cells. (edu.au)
Recognition of infected/transformed cells and their elimination depends strongly on the capacity of cytotoxic lymphocytes to release cytotoxic effector proteins Perforin and granzyme B. This process is known as the Granular death pathway, which has an essential role in Cytotoxic lymphocyte function and immune homeostasis since its deficiency is known to lead to pathologies related to immune misbalance, which are usually deadly to the host. (edu.au)
In the case of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and NK cells, the presence of serglycin is central for the retention of cytotoxic effector proteins and the formation of dense-core secretory granules. (edu.au)

Various subclonal tumor cells have the ability to modify the tumor microenvironment in order to obtain adaptations. (spandidos-publications.com)

Either mechanism is different from the widely held notion that most cells in a tumor should be competent for tumor formation. (aacrjournals.org)

Anatomy33

Organisms6

Diseases49

Chemicals and Drugs65

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment50

Phenomena and Processes56

Disciplines and Occupations4

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science5

Health Care4

Proliferation15

Mutations25

Somatic4

Alterations12

Differentiation11

Molecular16

Apoptosis9

Malignant3

Transplantation8

Genes9

Human cancers1

Hematopoiesis6

Colorectal8

Tumors11

Clinical20

Biology4

Myeloid7

Predisposition1

Heterogeneous3

Syndromes3

Ovarian7

Epigenetic1

Progression8

Cellular8

Embryonic3

20231

Self-renewal3

Rapidly3

Abnormal2

Patients15

Pathways3

20202

20211

Disorders1

Marrow9

Tissues6

Biological3

Chromosomal2

Survival3

Heterogeneity among2

Lineage5

Senescence2

Approaches2

Mutation3

Arisen1

Characterization1

Gene4

Genetically1

Basement membrane1

Hallmarks1

Progenitor cell1

Neoplasms1

Bone2

Contrast3

Populations1

Tissue6

Knight Cancer Institute2

Breast-cancer recurrence1

Subset1

Mechanisms2

Cytotoxic3

Subclonal1

Tumor formation1