Genes using polymerase dna primers. Medical search. Frequent questions

In PCR, a thermostable DNA polymerase is used to amplify target DNA 2-fold with each temperature cycle. (medscape.com)
Initially, DNA is taken from the clinical specimen, as well as certain sequence-specific oligonucleotide primers, thermostable DNA polymerase, nucleotides, and buffer. (medscape.com)
Finally, nucleotides complementary to the target DNA are added extending each primer by the thermostable DNA polymerase. (medscape.com)

ACE I/D polymorphism genotypes were determined by using polymerase chain reaction with specific primers. (molvis.org)

The diagnosis of many infectious diseases, both viral and bacterial, may include the use of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). (medscape.com)

Extracted DNA from lesions of various captive and stranded cetaceans were analyzed by direct polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and nested PCR using consensus primers. (vin.com)
The gene fragment that encodes mature TSHbeta was cloned from feline genomic DNA after direct polymerase chain reaction (PCR). (avmi.net)

Although similar to PCR in using repeated applications of DNA polymerase, the process they usually describe employs just a single primer-template complex, and therefore would not lead to the exponential amplification seen in PCR. (wikipedia.org)
It also includes biotinylated β-globin primers as an internal control for sample amplification. (cdc.gov)
Although this technique used DNA polymerase repeatedly, similar to PCR, it employed only a single primer template complex, and exponential amplification was not possible using this technique. (news-medical.net)
Although the amplification product was not evident in agarose gel electrophoresis initially, Southern blotting confirmed the increase in quantity of the desired DNA segments. (news-medical.net)
We opted for conserved sequences between species, presenting enough sequence heterogeneities to be considered for the design of species- specific LAMP primers: such primers would allow the selective amplification of the DNA targets. (who.int)
The sequences identified in the previous section of the work were used to design a combinations of 6 primers in 8 distinct regions of the target sequences for the amplification of a selection of reference DNAs belonging to the different Old World Leishmania species. (who.int)
By combining allele-specific amplification and hydrolysis probe detection, qBiomarker Somatic Mutation real-time PCR assays have been developed which can detect as few as 1% somatic mutations in the background of wild-type genomic DNA. (qiagen.com)
For the analysis of PCR amplification, 10 μL of the amplified DNA were run on a 2% agarose gel after adding 4 μL loading dye. (scialert.net)
After molecular analysis through PCR technique, it was verified that DNA amplification of the samples was not possible at any of the periods and temperatures analyzed. (bvsalud.org)
Phylogenetic analysis with DNA amplification technologies. (who.int)

Download DNA or protein sequence, view genomic context and coordinates. (yeastgenome.org)
Genomic DNA obtained from 262 persons (122 patients with ankylosing spondylitis and 140 healthy controls) was used in the study. (molvis.org)
As a result of ocean exploration and research, genomic libraries can be created to preserve all of the genes (DNA) found in marine organisms. (noaa.gov)
From genomic libraries, a gene that makes an important biomedical compound can be cloned and expressed as a chemical compound in an artificial system. (noaa.gov)
Herpesvirus genomic DNA fragments were amplified from lesions of seven individual animals using nested PCR. (vin.com)
In 1984, Mullis along with the genetic mutation assay team at Cetus started working on experiments that show PCR's ability to amplify genomic DNA. (news-medical.net)
Following the successful identification of genomic factors present in Lso haplotypes that are associated with ZC symptom development in potato, specific primers will be designed for use in targeted polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. (usda.gov)
The 850 bp sequence of fTSHbeta genomic DNA consisted of two coding exons, an intron of 418 bp, and a 60 bp signal sequence. (avmi.net)
Extractions of genomic DNA were made from the dental root after exposure to high temperatures (600ºC, 800ºC and 1000ºC), during 10, 30 and 60 minutes. (bvsalud.org)

Fresh sputum samples were collected for culturing and conducted polymerase chain reaction using BL-specific primers. (hindawi.com)

Use of N -gene specific primers is efficient in selecting TMV resistant germplasm in marker-assisted breeding. (ajol.info)
This study aimed at assessing the utility of N -gene specific primers in flue cured and dark-fire cured tobacco breeding materials in Zimbabwe. (ajol.info)
Four specific primers namely N1/N2, AS1/AS2, E1/E2 and SD1/SD2 were used to detect the N -gene in flue cured and dark-fire cured tobacco. (ajol.info)
Bacterial and Lactobacillus group-specific primers were used to amplify the V6 to V8 and V1 to V3 regions of the 16S rRNA gene, respectively. (who.int)

The history of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has variously been described as a classic "Eureka! (wikipedia.org)
These early precursors to PCR were carefully scrutinized in a patent lawsuit, and are discussed in Mullis' chapters in The Polymerase Chain Reaction (1994). (wikipedia.org)
The techniques now being employed include DNA extraction, RNA extraction, the use of agarose gel electrophoresis to visualize DNA and RNA, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and sequencing for genes of interest. (noaa.gov)
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is an important technique for establishing the presence of a particular gene in an organism. (noaa.gov)
This assay uses Roche Linear Array HPV Genotyping test that is based on HPV L1 consensus polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with biotinylated PGMY09/11 primer sets. (cdc.gov)
The development of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been a major breakthrough in the scientific world. (news-medical.net)
He added a second primer to the opposite strand and realized that repeated use of DNA polymerase will trigger a chain reaction that will amplify a specific DNA segment, thus discovering the PCR technology. (news-medical.net)
DNA polymerases catalyze chain elongation exclusively in the 5′ → 3′ direction. (blogspot.com)
This limitation presents no difficulty for leading-strand synthesis since once DNA synthesis is under way nucleotides are continuously added to a growing chain. (blogspot.com)
OPRM1 A118G was screened by DNA sequence analysis of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified DNA. (spandidos-publications.com)
Using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method, we tested the genotype distribution of 100 migraine patients in comparison with 120 healthy migraine-free controls from the same geographical region. (scirp.org)
The feline CGA gene was cloned from RNA extracted from the feline pituitary gland by the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). (avmi.net)
A single-chain analogue of fTSH termed yoked fTSH (yfTSH) was developed by fusing the nucleotides encoding the C-terminus of the beta-subunit fused to the N-terminus of the alpha-subunit with DNA encoding the C-terminal peptide (CTP) of human chorionic gonadotropin beta-subunit as a linker peptide. (avmi.net)
A quantitative, real-time "TaqMan®" polymerase chain reaction assay (qPCR) was developed which was capable of detecting and quantifying a group 16SrVI phytoplasma in DNA extracts prepared from infected tomatoes, potatoes, and beet leafhoppers (Circulifer tenellus Baker). (usda.gov)
Claim 16: A pair of single-stranded DNA primers for determination of a nucleotide sequence of a BRCA1 gene by a polymerase chin reaction, the sequence of said primers being derived from human chromosome 17q, wherein the use of said primers in a polymerase chain reaction results in the synthesis of DNA having all or part of the sequence of the BRCA1 gene. (patentdocs.org)
A pair of single-stranded DNA primers of at least 15 nucleotides in length for determination of the nucleotide sequence of a BRCA2 gene by a polymerase chain reaction, the sequence of said primers being isolated from human chromosome 13, wherein the use of said primers in a polymerase chain reaction results in the synthesis of DNA comprising all or at least 15 contiguous nucleotides of the BRCA2 gene. (patentdocs.org)
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) mix and amplifying conditions for the four specific primer pairs were optimized. (ajol.info)
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays and sequencing was used to determine the presence of β-lactamase encoding genes (bla) including bla NDM-1 and plasmid-mediated quinolone and aminoglycoside resistance determinants. (who.int)
Polymemse chain reaction using mixed primers. (lu.se)
We describe a general approach to rapidly obtain the DNA sequence encoding the variable region of any immunoglobulin chain using the polymerase chain reaction and a mixture of upstream primers corresponding to the leader sequence, and one downstream primer designed from the conserved nucleotide sequence of the constant region. (lu.se)
The approach was applied to five different hybridomas producing human monoclonal antibodies and variable regions for both bold gamma and mu heavy chain and kappa and lambda light chain genes were successfully cloned. (lu.se)
PCR (polymerase chain reaction) technique has achieved increased importance for post-mortem DNA analysis in forensic cases 8 because of the millions of copies amplified from one specific sequence of DNA. (bvsalud.org)
The Institute receives Polymerase chain reaction during their life time [2]. (who.int)
8]. The polymerase ease can infect humans and animals, questionnaire administered during chain reaction (PCR) mixture was with outcomes ranging from localized the collection of samples. (who.int)
Several techniques based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to facilitate the characterization and phylogenetic analysis of variola virus isolates were described. (who.int)
Subsequent differentiation allows for rear- analysis of a set of mouse B lineage cell lines rep- rangements of the Ig light-chain (IgL) genes that replace the resenting defined stages of B cell development us- surrogate light-chain genes on the surface of the B cell [8]. (lu.se)
1] The resultant complementary DNA is amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). (medscape.com)
using 200 endo-cervical samples from pregnant women (Institute Pasteur n Cote d'Ivoire ).Diagnosis DNA sequences were amplified by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR)using biotinylated primers. (bvsalud.org)

The use of DNA polymerase to extend oligonucleotide primers was a common procedure in DNA sequencing and the production of cDNA for cloning and expression. (wikipedia.org)

The enzyme was limited, creating DNA in just one direction and requiring an existing primer to initiate copying of the template strand. (wikipedia.org)
To our knowledge, angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE ) gene I/D polymorphisms have not yet been investigated in AS patients in Turkish population.This study was conducted in Turkish patients with AS to determine the frequency of I/D polymorphism genotypes of angiotensin converting enzyme gene. (molvis.org)
As a result of our study, angiotensin converting enzyme gene I/D polymorphism DD genotype could be a genetic marker in ankylosing spondylitis in a Turkish study population. (molvis.org)
This enzyme needed a primer to start copying the template and could create DNA only in one direction. (news-medical.net)
The primers are synthesized by a DNA dependent RNA polymerase enzyme called primase-the product of the dna G gene in E. coli . (blogspot.com)
The three-dimensional crystal structure of the DnaG catalytic domain revealed its folding and active site are distinct from the well studied polymerases, suggesting that it may employ a novel enzyme mechanism. (blogspot.com)
The rpoB gene target sequence was amplified using mutagenesis forward and reverse primers followed by Hin dIII enzyme digestion. (who.int)

Because nucleotide sequences of these genes were identical among the 6 E. albertii strains and between the 2 E. coli O183:H18 strains, sequences of the E. albertii strain KU20110014 and E. coli O183:H18 strain KU2011009 have been deposited in the DNA Data Bank of Japan/European Molecular Biology Laboratory/GenBank database. (cdc.gov)
The technique employed an oligonucleotide primer, DNA polymerase, and modified nucleotide precursors that block further extension of the primer in sequence-dependent manner. (wikipedia.org)
In the year 1977, Frederick Sanger identified a DNA sequencing method involving a DNA polymerase, a primer, and nucleotide precursors, for which he was he awarded the Nobel Prize in 1980. (news-medical.net)
Nucleotide sequence and expression in Escherichia coli of the gene encoding the nonstructural protein NCVP2 of bovine rotavirus. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Cloning and nucleotide sequence of the simian rotavirus gene 6 that codes for the major inner capsid protein. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Numerous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been identified in the OPRM1 gene [ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/SNP/snp_ref.cgi?locusId=4988 ]. (spandidos-publications.com)
Claim 17: The pair of primers of claim 16 wherein said BRCA1 gene has the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:1. (patentdocs.org)

In addition to the stx2 gene of E. coli O183:H18, we determined the sequences of the eae and cdtB genes and 7 housekeeping genes ( adk , fumC , gyrB , icd , mdh , purA , and recA ) of 6 E. albertii strains and the same 7 housekeeping genes of 2 E. coli O183:H18 strains as described ( 6 ). (cdc.gov)
These known sequences (primers) serve to prime the reaction that amplifies the gene of interest. (noaa.gov)
The amino acid sequences of the alphaherpesviruses small DNA polymerase fragments from the skin lesions shared 77.2% identity. (vin.com)
The amino acid sequences deduced from the four long DNA polymerase fragments of these viruses were between 88.1 and 96.3% similar and between 84.8 and 93.8% identical. (vin.com)
Regions of the L. killicki ( L. tropica ) and L. major genes sequences were scanned using BLAST program and subsequently compared using appropriate bioinformatic tools Chromas and MEGA. (who.int)
First of all we proceeded to an alignment using the CLUSTAL W program to each Leishmania species and for the selected gene (cysteine protase b) (the alignment use published sequences and sequences which were sequenced in our laboratory). (who.int)
In both cases, primers were based on the consensus sequences from TSH in other species. (avmi.net)
The Committee concluded that additional work may be needed to assess the viability of the stocks held in VECTOR, and that further molecular characterization of additional strains may be valuable in helping to identify strains from which further DNA sequences could be determined. (who.int)

Sequence analysis of the small DNA fragments indicated that alpha or gamma herpesviruses were present in the lesions. (vin.com)
Following PCR validation, any PCR products that are produced from the novel Lso haplotypes using the targeted primers will then be subjected to sequence analysis. (usda.gov)

The overall activity of the resulting Klenow fragment is therefore biased towards the synthesis of DNA, rather than its degradation. (wikipedia.org)
By 1971 researchers in Khorana's project, concerned over their yields of DNA, began looking at "repair synthesis" - an artificial system of primers and templates that allows DNA polymerase to copy segments of the gene they are synthesizing. (wikipedia.org)
In 1971, Gobind Khorana, a Nobel Prize winner for his part in the Genetic Code discovery, and his team of researchers started working on DNA repair synthesis. (news-medical.net)
This technique sought to simplify gene synthesis by using artificial primers and templates that help DNA polymerase to copy the desired gene segments. (news-medical.net)
Kary Mullis of Cetus worked on oligonucleotides synthesis for use as probes, primers, and building blocks for various molecular biology techniques. (news-medical.net)
The replisome contains activities that separate the strands and hold them apart for synthesis by the replisome version of DNA polymerase, called DNA polymerase III in bacteria. (blogspot.com)
Since the two strands of DNA are antiparallel, synthesis using one template strand occurs in the same direction as fork movement, but synthesis using the other template strand occurs in the direction opposite fork movement. (blogspot.com)
Synthesis of the leading strand also begins with an RNA primer, but only one primer is required to initiate synthesis of the entire strand. (blogspot.com)
The use of short RNA primers gets around the limitation imposed by the mechanism of DNA polymerase, namely, that it cannot initiate DNA synthesis de novo . (blogspot.com)
About once every second, primase catalyzes the synthesis of a short RNA primer using this single-stranded DNA as a template. (blogspot.com)
DNA polymerase III catalyzes synthesis of DNA in the 5′ → 3′ direction by extending each short RNA primer. (blogspot.com)
The reaction proceeds in three steps: removal of the RNA primer, synthesis of replacement DNA, and sealing of the adjacent DNA fragments. (blogspot.com)
Reverse transcription is the synthesis of a complementary DNA sequence from an RNA template using reverse transcriptase, which is an RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. (medscape.com)

Amplify DNA fragments that are necessary for the construction of the semi-independent protein expression cassettes by standard PCR reactions with their corresponding primers and high-fidelity polymerase. (jove.com)
These primers derived from gene recF and amplify a 500 bp of the TB genome. (scialert.net)

Primers and probe were designed from the 16S-23S rRNA genes of the Columbia Basin potato purple top phytoplasma, which is closely related to the beet leafhopper transmitted virescence agent. (usda.gov)
The latter included PCR, reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR), and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of 16S rRNA genes (rDNA). (who.int)

Stx2 subunit B, and KAPATaq EXtra DNA polymerase. (cdc.gov)
An early-morning sputum sam- encoding the B-subunit of RNA of droplet particles aerosolized from ple was collected from 170 patients polymerase ( rpoB DNA, 342-360 persons infected with Mycobacterium into wide-mouthed plastic contain- base pairs) was the target region for tuberculosis or by consumption of milk ers. (who.int)

After moving to nearby Emeryville, they began projects involving the new biotechnology industry, primarily the cloning and expression of human genes, but also the development of diagnostic tests for genetic mutations. (wikipedia.org)
Interaction annotations are curated by BioGRID and include physical or genetic interactions observed between at least two genes. (yeastgenome.org)
The acquisition of resistance genes through a mechanism involving mobile genetic elements, such as plasmids and transposons, is considered a major contributor to antimicrobial resistance [ 9 , 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
Genetic and phylogenetic analyses revealed that this Sanmenxia H5N1 virus was a novel reassortant, possessing a Clade 2.3.2.1c HA gene and a H9N2-derived PB2 gene. (nature.com)
Notably, a large number of stress-related elements present in the promoter regions of some ZmCAMTA genes, indicating a genetic basis of stress expression regulation of these genes. (frontiersin.org)
To further elucidate how the genetic variability in the OPRM1 gene contributes to opioid efficacy and side-effects, further studies are required in different races or ethnicities and in different types of pain or surgery with sufficient sample sizes ( 18 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
The latest company targeted by Myriad Genetics for offering a genetic diagnostic test encompassing the human BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 genes is Invitae Corp. located in San Francisco. (patentdocs.org)

The primers are only a few nucleotides in length. (blogspot.com)
Since the replication fork advances at a rate of about 1000 nucleotides per second, one primer is synthesized for approximately every 1000 nucleotides that are incorporated. (blogspot.com)

1996. Detection and analysis of diverse herpesviral species by consensus primer PCR. (vin.com)
A major breakthrough in DNA polymerase came along in the year 1969, when Thomas Brock reported the isolation of Thermus aquaticus , a new species of thermophilic bacterium found in the hot springs of Yellowstone National Park. (news-medical.net)
Standard PCR using a high fidelity, proof reading polymerase will then be conducted using DNA previously isolated from Lso-infected non-potato psyllid species collected in the Klamath Basin of Oregon. (usda.gov)
Orthopoxviruses and Monkeypox virus were detected in the organs by PCR using consensus primers targeting the virus surface membrane haemagglutinin (HA) genes, while Leptospira species were detected by PCR using primers targeting the rrs and lfb1 genes. (who.int)

Use one unit of high-fidelity polymerase in a 50 microliter reaction volume for 30 cycles, followed by a final extension at 68 degrees celsius for five minutes. (jove.com)

The octapeptide immunoaffinity tag FLAG was added to 3′ end of the alpha gene to facilitate detection and purification. (avmi.net)

We examined the activities of cloned promoter DNA fragments with luciferase assay. (molvis.org)
Alphaherpesvirus DNA fragments of 244-bp in length were detected in skin lesions of two Atlantic bottlenose dolphins ( Tursiops truncatus ). (vin.com)
Gammaherpesvirus DNA fragments of 221-bp were obtained from genital lesions from three Atlantic bottlenose dolphins, one dwarf sperm whale ( Kogia sima ) and one Blainville's beaked whale ( Mesoplodon densirostris ). (vin.com)
These viruses were rapidly characterized after sequencing of DNA polymerase gene fragments, multiple sequence alignments and phylogeny. (vin.com)
The short pieces of lagging-strand DNA are named Okazaki fragments in honor of their discoverer, Reiji Okazaki. (blogspot.com)
Okazaki fragments are eventually joined to produce a continuous strand of DNA. (blogspot.com)
To begin, design the primers for molecular cloning of DNA fragments as described in the text protocol. (jove.com)
Mix the DNA fragments designed for the same protein expression cassette together in one PCR tube to a final volume of five microliters. (jove.com)

We investigated the expression of genes of interest using quantitative reverse transcription PCR. (molvis.org)
Quantitative real-time PCR was used to test the expression of ZmCAMTA genes under several abiotic stresses (drought, salt, and cold), various stress-related hormones [abscisic acid, auxin, salicylic acid (SA), and jasmonic acid] and biotic stress [rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) infection]. (frontiersin.org)
Day 2 and day 3 CM corresponding to each one of the embryos was analyzed, by quantitative PCR, for estimation of Cell-free DNA levels. (who.int)

To assess the importance of mitochondrial gene defects in NIDDM, 150 unrelated diabetic subjects from Wales, UK and 68 unrelated patients with diabetes and at least one affected sibling from England, UK were studied. (nih.gov)
One patient had a mutation in the mitochondrial tRNAleu(UUR) gene at bp 3243. (nih.gov)
The role of other mitochondrial gene defects in diabetes and the pathophysiological basis of glucose intolerance in patients with the MELAS mutation requires further elucidation. (nih.gov)

Their structural model featured two strands of complementary base-paired DNA, running in opposite directions as a double helix. (wikipedia.org)
In the year 1953, Watson and Crick discovered the double-helix structure of the DNA, showing that DNA has two strands with complementary bases running in opposite directions. (news-medical.net)
These RNA primers are complementary to the lagging strand template. (blogspot.com)

METHODS Polymorphisms in the TGF-β 1 gene defining amino acids of codons 10 and 25 were determined by ARMS-PCR using DNA stored on 171 Caucasian patients who were homozygous for the ΔF508 mutation of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. (bmj.com)
Methods: This case-control study conducted in Srinagar, Kashmir (North India) between 2013 and 2015 was designed to evaluate risk induced due to MTH-FR 677C>T gene polymorphisms to contribute in susceptibility for migraine in Kashmir population (North India). (scirp.org)

Meanwhile, the team used PCR for other applications by designing new primers and probes, which made the reaction more specific until the results were evident on agarose gel electrophoresis. (news-medical.net)
Use 0.5 to one microliters of the product from the first round isothermal assembly reaction as the template in the outermost primers. (jove.com)

Detailed analysis of three members of the stearoyl-ACP desaturase (sad) gene family by Northern blotting, in situ hybridization and RT-PCR showed that the same individual genes were expressed both in gametophytic and sporophytic tissues, although under different temporal regulation. (nih.gov)

Gene ID: 5925, OMIM 614041 ) gene, which encodes a tumor suppressor protein. (molvis.org)
Although a high level of PDE10A gene expression is observed in the testis, information on the identity of the isoforms or on the cell type that express the PDE10 protein is lacking. (plos.org)
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the G-protein-coupled receptor family. (cancerindex.org)
What does this gene/protein do? (cancerindex.org)
What pathways are this gene/protein implicaed in? (cancerindex.org)
This paper reports on the kinetics of accumulation of these lipid classes during pollen maturation and the expression patterns of several lipid biosynthetic genes and their protein products that are differentially regulated in developing microspores/ pollen grains (gametophyte) and tapetal cells (sporophyte) of B. napus. (nih.gov)
We measured the levels of gene 5 and gene 6 mRNA and showed that they were not significantly different, and protein analysis indicated no difference in stability of NSP1 compared with VP6. (microbiologyresearch.org)
The human mu-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) encodes the μ -opioid receptor protein, which is the main target of the analgesic, fentanyl. (spandidos-publications.com)
We will also utilize the domain-centric protein sequence and structural analyses to understand the potential functions of the identified genes. (usda.gov)
Thus, it has evolved a protection mechanism against heat stress by increasing the expression of the gene coding for heat shock protein (HSP) 70 under elevated temperatures. (biomedcentral.com)
The dystrophin gene is located on the short arm of chromosome X near the p21 locus and codes for the large protein Dp427, which contains 3685 amino acids. (medscape.com)
This gene codes a fusion protein with high tyrosine kinase activity, resulting in growth factor-independent proliferation. (medscape.com)

Five colonies (including white and red colonies when both were present) were picked from each of the DHL agar plates and subjected to PCR for detection of pathogenic Escherichia coli marker genes. (cdc.gov)
Presence of the genes regarding adherence factors of Escherichia coli isolates and a consideration of the procedure for detection of a diarrheagenic strain. (cdc.gov)
In all the samples, 50 E. coli strains were isolated and then assigned to serotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility test, detection of antimicrobial resistance genes and the Class 1 integrons, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). (hindawi.com)
1999. Detection of new DNA polymerase genes of known and potentially novel herpesviruses by PCR with degenerate and deoxyinosine-substituted primers. (vin.com)
2. Develop additional strategies to deliver affordable, simple DNA based tools and protocols for the rapid, sensitive and specific Leishmania parasites detection concomitant to their identification/ differentiation. (who.int)
Real-time PCR is the most sensitive and reliable method for the detection of DNA mutations. (qiagen.com)
The detection limit in phytoplasma-infected tomato DNA was approximately 50 pg. (usda.gov)
1 The ease of β-lactamase encoding genes ( bla NDM-1 ) dissemination has become apparent with the worldwide detection of NDM-1 producers. (who.int)
DNA, serological detection of variola virus, antiviral agents and animal models of smallpox. (who.int)

We also demonstrated that the −657 to +411 DCT promoter fragment efficiently directs RB cell-specific transcription of the luciferase reporter gene in cell lines. (molvis.org)
5-8 The bi-allelic polymorphism, either a T or C in the DNA sequence at position +869 (relative to the major transcription start site), changes the amino acid at codon 10 from leucine to proline. (bmj.com)

Molecular techniques make this possible through the isolation of important genes and the production of biomedical compounds through recombinant technology. (noaa.gov)

Starting in the mid-1950s, Arthur Kornberg began to study the mechanism of DNA replication. (wikipedia.org)
Overall, the DNA replication process is surprisingly complex, requiring separate proteins to open the DNA helix, to keep it open, to create primers, to synthesize new DNA, to remove the primers, and to tie the pieces all together. (wikipedia.org)
At the end of a paper on the earlier technique, he described how a two-primer system might lead to replication of a specific segment of DNA: one would hope to obtain two structures, each containing the full length of the template strand appropriately complexed with the primer. (wikipedia.org)
DNA polymerase will be added to complete the process of repair replication. (wikipedia.org)
No results are shown there, and the mention of unpublished experiments in another paper may (or may not) refer to the two-primer replication system. (wikipedia.org)
The first DNA polymerase was identified by Arthur Kornberg in 1957 during his studies on the DNA replication mechanism. (news-medical.net)
Around the same time, Kjell Kleppe from Khorana's lab envisioned the use of a two-primer system which might help in desired DNA segment replication, forming an early precursor to PCR. (news-medical.net)
During DNA replication, a molecular machine called a replisome forms at the replication fork where the two strands of DNA are separating. (blogspot.com)
The complex has two sliding clamps that bind the complex to the strands of DNA so that DNA replication is highly processive. (blogspot.com)
The overall mechanism of DNA replication is called semidiscontinuous to emphasize the different mechanisms for replicating each strand. (blogspot.com)
As the replication fork progresses, the parental DNA is unwound, and more and more single-stranded DNA becomes exposed. (blogspot.com)
The molecular steps in the replication pathway that regulate the levels of viral gene expression are not well defined. (microbiologyresearch.org)

In 1970 Klenow reported a modified version of DNA Polymerase I from E. coli. (wikipedia.org)
Our results showed that farmed minks could be reservoirs of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli with Class 1 integron cassettes and resistance genes, which were likely to pose a threat to public health. (hindawi.com)
A previous study also demonstrated that E. coli can carry resistance plasmids and can easily acquire resistance transfer genes [ 9 , 10 ]. (hindawi.com)

We reviewed published microarray and RNA sequencing studies in which gene expression profiles were compared between human RB and normal retina tissues. (molvis.org)
However, it was not until 1983 that, in an effort to fix some issues in his research work, Mullis used Sanger's DNA sequencing method as a basis to devise a new technique. (news-medical.net)
This report constitutes the first cloning and sequencing of the genes encoding the subunits of feline thyrotropin. (avmi.net)
On information and belief, Defendant offers full gene sequencing and deletion/duplication analyses for the BRCA 1, BRCA 2, and MUTYH genes as part of multiple hereditary cancer panels that test cancer susceptibility using next-generation sequencing technology. (patentdocs.org)
The results showed that those 2 isolates were multi-drug resistant and the DNA sequencing analysis showed that the alignment of nucleic acid of DNA in isolates of mycobacteria other than M. tuberculosis was different from that of M. tuberculosis complex. (who.int)

The regulatory elements required for this cell-specific gene expression are likely located within its proximal promoter. (molvis.org)
We then surveyed the distribution of stress-related cis -regulatory elements in the −1.5 kb promoter regions of ZmCAMTA genes. (frontiersin.org)
CAMTAs participate in gene expression regulation by binding to the cis -elements in the promoter regions of numerous target genes. (frontiersin.org)
Both genes were cloned independently downstream from the EF1alpha promoter of the PEAK transfer vector to facilitate co-expression studies in PEAK cells (modified human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells). (avmi.net)

In the tapetum, maximal expression of two marker genes for lipid biosynthesis (sad and ear) occurred at a bud length of 2-3 mm, and the corresponding gene products SAD and EAR were detected by Western blotting in 3-4 mm buds, coinciding with the maximal rates of tapetal lipid accumulation. (nih.gov)
In contrast, in developing microspores/pollen grains, maximal expression of the lipid marker genes sad, ear, acp and cyb5 was at the 3-5 mm bud stages, with the SAD and EAR gene products detected in 4-7 mm buds. (nih.gov)

qBiomarker Somatic Mutation PCR Arrays are translational research tools that allow rapid and accurate profiling of the somatic mutation status for important genes related to a biological pathway or disease. (qiagen.com)

We will utilize several computational strategies to identify the genome difference between Lso haplotypes, including whole genome comparisons, ortholog analysis, gene neighborhood analysis, phylogenetic inference and conservation analysis. (usda.gov)

Homozygous inactivation of this gene causes embryonic lethality and extensive developmental defects in inbred strains. (jax.org)

These results suggest that, although the same genes may be expressed in the sporophytic tapetal cells and in gametophytic tissues, they are regulated differentially leading to the production of the various contrasting lipidic structures that are assembled together to give rise to a viable, fertile pollen grain. (nih.gov)
We have investigated potential mechanisms of regulation of rotavirus gene expression by functional evaluation of two differentially expressed viral mRNAs. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Furthermore, based on differentially expressed genes and WGCNA analyses, we found that the hypoxia signaling pathway was enriched under heat shock conditions. (biomedcentral.com)

In a process called electrophoresis, DNA is loaded into agarose gel. (noaa.gov)
PCR product DNA on an agarose gel from a marine microorganism (16S). (noaa.gov)
Examine the quality of the first round PCR products by looking for DNA degradation and contamination with DNA electrophoresis using a 1%agarose gel. (jove.com)

After phenol/chloroform standard method extraction, the bacterial DNA was precipitated with ethanol and the pellet was resolved in DNase free, daionized water and stored at -20 °C. (scialert.net)

The regions employed to establish identity are usually ribosomal RNA genes from microbes (16S) or from invertebrates (18S). (noaa.gov)

The TP53 tumor suppressor gene is altered in many solid tumors, including colorectal cancer, resulting in mutant versions of p53 (mut-p53) that lose their tumor suppressor capacities and acquire new-oncogenic functions (GOFs) critical for disease progression. (bvsalud.org)

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the µ-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) A118G polymorphism on the requirement for post-operative fentanyl analgesia in patients undergoing radical gastrectomy. (spandidos-publications.com)
Conclusions: We conclude that MTHFR gene C677T polymorphism has no role in predisposition to the migraine in our population and cannot serve as a predictive factor for the risk of migraine. (scirp.org)

GO Annotations consist of four mandatory components: a gene product, a term from one of the three Gene Ontology (GO) controlled vocabularies ( Molecular Function , Biological Process , and Cellular Component ), a reference, and an evidence code. (yeastgenome.org)
Click "Gene Ontology Details" to view all GO information and evidence for this locus as well as biological processes it shares with other genes. (yeastgenome.org)

Abmgood Laboratories manufactures the abm good primers reagents distributed by Genprice. (taq-polymerase-dna.com)
Contamination of reagents or specimens with target DNA from the environment must be avoided because such contamination can produce false-positive results. (medscape.com)

The results showed that nine ZmCAMTA genes showed highly diversified gene structures and tissue-specific expression patterns. (frontiersin.org)
The results suggested that gene expression was correlated with HSF1 expression. (biomedcentral.com)
Our results revealed that the expression of HSP70 and HSP20 was initially triggered after 2 h of heat shock, and one of the HSP70 genes was potentially regulated by HSF1 . (biomedcentral.com)
From these results, it is evident that not all heat-inducible genes were triggered simultaneously in response to heat shock stress. (biomedcentral.com)
Present results showed that Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA was present in 36 out of 300 (12%) sputum samples. (scialert.net)
Results show that out of the four sets of primers used, AS1/AS2 and SD1/SD2 did not produce expected band products, while N1/N2 and E1/E2 detected the N -gene in flue cured and dark-fire cured tobacco. (ajol.info)
In CML, a balanced (9;22) chromosomal translocation results in a chimeric BCR-ABL fusion gene. (medscape.com)
The results revealed a significant increase in Cell-free DNA levels on day 2 CM corresponding to 4 to 6 cell embryos compared to those corresponding to 7 to 8 cel embryos (p=0.04). (who.int)
As for day 3 CM, the results showed no significant difference between the Cell-Free DNA levels in CM of 7-8 and those of 4-6 cell embryos (p=0.4). (who.int)

The temperature of these is increased to 90-95°C in order to separate (denature) the 2 strands of target DNA. (medscape.com)

In this study, we first identified all the CAMTA homologous genes in the whole genome of maize. (frontiersin.org)

The amplified DNA from PCR was successfully cloned and sequenced by the researchers, who applied for patent on PCR and its applications and got the patent approved in 1987. (news-medical.net)

Notably, HSP genes, which function as molecular chaperones, play an important role in heat shock response. (biomedcentral.com)

The N -gene was introgressed into tobacco from Nicotiana glutinosa to confer hypersensitive resistance to TMV. (ajol.info)
Teeth have in their composition the most resistant tissue in the human body - dental enamel - which provides high resistance against adverse conditions that can degrade DNA in the whole dental structure 14 . (bvsalud.org)

The steps are carried out by the combined action of DNA polymerase I and DNA ligase. (blogspot.com)

Phenotype annotations for a gene are curated single mutant phenotypes that require an observable (e.g., "cell shape"), a qualifier (e.g., "abnormal"), a mutant type (e.g., null), strain background, and a reference. (yeastgenome.org)

1 Interestingly, the amino acid sequence deduced from the short DNA polymerase fragment of one of the two alphaherpesviruses from our study was 96.8% identical to one of the viruses associated with generalized lethal infection. (vin.com)
Each primer is extended from its 3′ end by DNA polymerase I to form an Okazaki fragment, as shown in the Figure. (blogspot.com)

The amplified segment may be observed using electrophoretic gel or can be identified by Southern blot analysis, using specific DNA probes for that segment. (medscape.com)

Following is a list of events before, during, and after its development: On April 25, 1953 James D. Watson and Francis Crick published "a radically different structure" for DNA, thereby founding the field of molecular genetics. (wikipedia.org)

Anatomy9

Organisms19

Chemicals and Drugs115

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment35

Phenomena and Processes82

Disciplines and Occupations1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science4

Health Care6

Thermostable DNA polymerase3

Determined by using polymerase ch1

Reverse Transcri1

Direct polymerase chain re2

Amplification10

Genomic9

Conducted polymerase chain re1

Specific primers4

Chain28

Oligonucleotide primers1

Enzyme7

Nucleotide7

Sequences8

Sequence analysis2

Synthesis13

Amplify2

RRNA genes2

Subunit2

Genetic7

Nucleotides2

Species4

High-fidelity1

Purification1

Fragments8

Quantitative3

Mitochondrial3

Complementary3

Methods2

Reaction2

Situ Hybridization1

Protein12

Detection9

Transcription2

Isolation1

Replication12

Coli3

Sequencing5

Promoter4

Marker genes2

Important genes1

Ortholog1

Inbred strains1

Differentially3

Agarose gel3

Bacterial1

Ribosomal1

Tumor1

Polymorphism2

Ontology2

Reagents2

Results9

Strands1

Whole genome1

Successfully cloned1

Notably1

Resistance2

Ligase1

Phenotype1

Fragment2

Probes1

Genetics1