Genes stability cell cycle checkpoint gene. Medical search. Frequent questions

The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
[3] Cellular checkpoints and DNA damage-response pathways help preserve genomic stability and cell-cycle progression, but these processes decline with aging. (foundmyfitness.com)
Numerous E3 ubiquitin ligases, which facilitate the ubiquitination of specific substrates, have been shown to control G1/S. In this chapter, we will discuss components in the ubiquitin proteasome system that are implicated in G1/S control, how these enzymes are interconnected, gaps in our current knowledge, and the potential role of these pathways in the cancer cycle and disease proliferation. (intechopen.com)
In particular we are interested in regulatory pathways that drive cell division and in surveillance mechanisms, also known as checkpoint pathways, that stop cell cycle progression when cellular components malfunction or become damaged. (unt.edu)
Notable examples are genes from two cell cycle checkpoint pathways - CHEK1 and CHEK2 - which regulate a broad variety of DNA repair processes. (technologynetworks.com)
These alterations can take the form of epigenetic modifications, point mutations, translocations, amplifications or deletions and modify gene functions in ways that deregulate cellular signalling pathways leading to the cancer phenotype. (bmj.com)
Lipids, amino acids, and nucleotides necessary for the biosynthesis of the daughter cells are mostly provided by intermediate metabolites of these pathways. (hindawi.com)
To prevent aberrant cell proliferation, these pathways are tightly regulated. (hindawi.com)

8- 10 In attempts to identify new breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility genes, much research has focused on BRCA1 associated proteins. (bmj.com)

The regulation and function of Fanconi anemia (FA) and breast cancer susceptibility (BRCA) genes/proteins is of particular interest, along with identifying FA-BRCA interacting proteins and understanding how FA-BRCA genes/proteins are affected by sequence variants. (cincinnatichildrens.org)
8 , 9 The protein is a member of a novel family of large proteins, which show sequence homology to the catalytic domain of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase, 3 and are implicated in cell cycle regulation, signal transduction, and the response to DNA damage. (bmj.com)
The construction of this cell line is the first promising step in the regulation of GAL secretion from hTERT-immortalized BMSCs, and the potential application of this system may provide a stem cell-based research platform for pain. (hindawi.com)
The key interests lie within the field of genome integrity and variation, cell division, regulation of gene expression, protein turnover and signal transduction. (ki.se)
Main focus: Cell cycle regulation in budding yeast. (unt.edu)
My lab works on cell cycle regulation in budding yeast. (unt.edu)
This can be the result of gene mutation or changes in gene regulation (epigenetic, transcription, post-transcription, translation, or post-translation). (edu.vn)
Changes in epigenetic regulation, transcription, RNA stability, protein translation, and post-translational control can be detected in cancer. (edu.vn)
11 Both proteins possess an N-terminal RING finger motif and two BRCA1 C-terminal (BRCT) domains present in numerous proteins involved in DNA repair and cell cycle regulation. (bmj.com)
In the nucleus, R-SMAD-SMAD4 complexes cooperate with transcriptional coregulators that further define target gene recognition and transcriptional regulation. (shu.edu)
2. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China. (thno.org)
We have shown that this regulation involves the action of a small Recombination Enhancer (RE) sequence that enables a donor on the left chromosome arm to recombine preferentially in MATa cells. (brandeis.edu)

Frequent inactivating mutations of the ATM gene have been reported in patients with rare sporadic T cell prolymphocytic leukaemia (T-PLL), B cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL), and most recently, mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). (bmj.com)
The presence of inactivating mutations, together with the deletion of the normal copy of the ATM gene in some patients with T-PLL, B-CLL, and MCL, establishes somatic inactivation of the ATM gene in the pathogenesis of lymphoid malignancies, and strongly suggests that ATM functions as a tumour suppressor. (bmj.com)
DUSP4 alterations lead to hyperactivation of MAPK signaling in many cancers, including breast cancer, which often harbor mutations in cell cycle checkpoint genes, particularly in TP53. (biomedcentral.com)
This study identifies a novel mechanism for breast tumorigenesis implicating Dusp4 loss and p53 mutations in cellular acquisition of Dbf4 upregulation as a driver of cellular replication and cell cycle checkpoint escape. (biomedcentral.com)
We find that together with loss-of-function mutations in p53 and, to some degree, potentiated by cMyc overexpression, Dusp4 deletion aids in cell cycle checkpoint escape while simultaneously potentiating hallmarks of replicative stress, including multinucleation and Chk1 phosphorylation. (biomedcentral.com)
Telomere attrition , the shortening of the protective caps on the end of DNA that happens as cells divide over time, leaving DNA more vulnerable to mutations. (foundmyfitness.com)
Genomic instability refers to an increased tendency for genetic alterations, such as mutations and chromosome rearrangements, to occur over time during cell division. (foundmyfitness.com)
Defects in processes that modulate cell division, such as mutations in genes that participate in DNA repair, uncorrected errors during replication, or broken, missing, rearranged, or extra chromosomes, are the principal drivers of genomic instability. (foundmyfitness.com)
[ 2 ] Mutations in the NBN ( NBS1) gene located in band 8q21 are responsible for Nijmegen breakage syndrome. (medscape.com)
In cancer cells, mutations modify cell-cycle control and cells don't stop growing as they normally would. (edu.vn)
Mutations can also alter the growth rate or the progression of the cell through the cell cycle. (edu.vn)
As a result, cells can progress through the cell cycle unimpeded, even if mutations exist in the cell and its growth should be terminated. (edu.vn)
However, cancer cells overcome these controls, in particular by acquiring genetic mutations leading to the activation of oncogenes (pten, myc) or loss of tumor suppressors (p53) [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)

The researchers screened 20 solid cancer cell lines relative to gene silencing to identify a highly responsive chemo-resistant ovarian cancer cell line that underwent significant depletion in mitotic spindle-dynamics for effective experimental cancer treatment. (medicalxpress.com)
Recombination between homologous sequences is a fundamentally important process both in meiosis and in mitotic cells. (brandeis.edu)
To this end we have expressed the site-specific HO endonuclease in meiotic cells so that we can compare recombination events at the same loci where we have used HO to stimulate recombination in mitotic cells. (brandeis.edu)

Approximately 5-10% of all breast and ovarian cancers are thought to arise from a hereditary predisposition to the disease, 1 BRCA1 and BRCA2 being the most important susceptibility genes. (bmj.com)

this limitation has been overcome via ectopic expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), the catalytic component of telomerase, to produce large quantities of these cells as an attractive source for cellular transplantation [ 16 - 18 ]. (hindawi.com)
We found that Dusp4 loss alone is insufficient in mediating tumorigenesis, but alternatively converges with loss in Trp53 and MYC amplification to induce tumorigenesis primarily through chromosome 5 amplification, which specifically upregulates Dbf4 , a cell cycle gene that promotes cellular replication by mediating cell cycle checkpoint escape. (biomedcentral.com)
Cellular senescence , the process by which damaged cells terminate normal growth and reproduction cycles to prevent injured cells from proliferating. (foundmyfitness.com)
In 1998, on the basis of cellular phenotypes and the results of somatic cell complementation studies suggesting genetic heterogeneity, Jaspers et al proposed the term A-T variants for diseases in this group of patients. (medscape.com)
The SOSS complex associates with DNA lesions and influences diverse endpoints in the cellular DNA damage response including cell-cycle checkpoint activation, recombinational repair and maintenance of genomic stability. (thermofisher.com)
6, 7 BRCA1 interacts with a variety of proteins and is involved in multiple cellular processes including DNA repair, transcription, and checkpoint control. (bmj.com)
In addition, the effects of reduced Bard1 expression have been studied in murine mammary epithelial cell cultures, where it was associated with complex cellular changes suggestive of a premalignant phenotype. (bmj.com)
Cell proliferation involves the replication of all cellular contents with the required energy for this to happen. (hindawi.com)
In normal cells, glucose participates in cellular energy production through glycolysis as well as through its complete catabolism via the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). (hindawi.com)

K405R mutant expressing cancer cells have reduced G1/S transition and slower proliferation compared to wildtype. (oncotarget.com)
Collectively, these findings suggest that SAMHD1 acetylation enhances its dNTPase activity and promotes cancer cell proliferation. (oncotarget.com)
During cell growth and proliferation, ubiquitin plays an outsized role in promoting progression through the cell cycle. (intechopen.com)
Notably, the G1/S boundary represents a major barrier to cell proliferation and is universally dysfunctional in cancer cells, allowing for the unbridled proliferation observed in malignancy. (intechopen.com)
One factor supposed to be involved in self-renewal is the rapid proliferation rate of ES cells, which is coupled to an unusual cell cycle distribution with the majority of cells in S-phase and a very short G1-phase. (uni-muenchen.de)
Generally, cells have to closely coordinate growth and cell cycle progression during proliferation to prevent premature division. (uni-muenchen.de)
Moreover, a putative crosstalk between ribosome biogenesis and proliferation of ES cells was assessed. (uni-muenchen.de)
Further, impaired proliferation of ES cells was observed. (uni-muenchen.de)
Thus, the PeBoW-complex seems to be an essential factor for the rapid proliferation of ES cells and might therefore also be involved in self-renewal. (uni-muenchen.de)
Overall, the results suggest that ES cells use different mechanisms as mature cells to coordinate their proliferation rate with ribosome biogenesis. (uni-muenchen.de)
A vast amount of research exists on the possible molecular mechanisms through which vitamin D affects cancer cell proliferation, cancer progression, angiogenesis, and inflammation. (mdpi.com)
This activation is necessary for both cell proliferation as well as glucose uptake and use. (hindawi.com)
PD-1 expression by cancer cells blocks the proliferation of T-cells. (shu.edu)
P15 INK4 is a cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor that blocks the activity of Cyclind-CDK4,6, inhibiting it from hypophosphorylating Rb, thereby, rendering the cell cycle unresponsive to external proliferation signals. (shu.edu)

The ATM gene encodes a large protein that belongs to a family of kinases possessing a highly conserved C-terminal kinase domain related to the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase domain. (bmj.com)
SAM domain and HD domain containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) is a deoxynucleotide triphosphohydrolase (dNTPase) that inhibits retroviruses by depleting intracellular deoxynucleotide triphosphates (dNTPs) in non-cycling myeloid cells. (oncotarget.com)
Mechanism for remodelling of the cell cycle checkpoint protein MAD2 by the ATPase TRIP13. (icr.ac.uk)
The function and stability of the proteins seems to be dependent on incorporation into the PeBOW-complex, as protein levels were interdependent on each other and no free, non-incorporated proteins were observed, except for WDR12. (uni-muenchen.de)
One example of a gene modification that alters the growth rate is increased phosphorylation of cyclin B, a protein that controls the progression of a cell through the cell cycle and serves as a cell-cycle checkpoint protein. (edu.vn)
Therefore, changes in histone acetylation (epigenetic modification that leads to gene silencing), activation of transcription factors by phosphorylation, increased RNA stability, increased translational control, and protein modification can all be detected at some point in various cancer cells. (edu.vn)
This is because oncogenes can alter transcriptional activity, stability, or protein translation of another gene that directly or indirectly controls cell growth. (edu.vn)
Cells have a protein on their surface called PD-1 (in orange above). (shu.edu)
The protein is associated with microtubules , and Chatterjee and colleagues silenced the gene via short interfering RNA (siRNA) a molecular biological mechanism to study genes, targeting the CKAP5 encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles for in vivo delivery. (medicalxpress.com)
One such protein is the cytoskeleton-associated protein 5 (CKAP5), widely expressed in a variety of cells to regulate the dynamics of microtubules in human cells. (medicalxpress.com)
However, a compensatory feedback of increased mRNA expression of DNA-PKcs was formed in PIG3-depleted cells after a few passages or cell cycles of subculture, which led the recovery of the DNA-PKcs protein level and the consequent recovered efficiency of the DNA damage response. (ijbs.com)
The protein encoded by this gene is a cell cycle checkpoint regulator and putative tumor suppressor. (affbiotech.com)

Research in the Andreassen Laboratory at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center focuses on DNA damage response mechanisms, including cell cycle checkpoint signaling and DNA repair by homologous recombination (HR), that maintain genome stability and thereby prevent tumorigenesis. (cincinnatichildrens.org)
Although SAMHD1 is expressed ubiquitously throughout the human body, the molecular mechanisms regulating its enzymatic activity and function in non-immune cells are relatively unexplored. (oncotarget.com)
Thus, most cancers cells develop numerous mechanisms to decrease p53 expression and bypass the cell cycle checkpoint. (aprofarm.org)
Through detailed characterization of fundamental molecular mechanisms of normal and perturbed cells, the theme strives to unravel information that increases the understanding of various diseases such as cancer and neurodegenerative, cardiovascular and inflammatory disorders. (ki.se)
The stem cell and developmental biology program at CMB is engaged in a broad range of basic research aimed at understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying diverse aspects of embryonic development and tissue regeneration. (ki.se)
In mammalian cells the inactivation of these surveillance mechanisms can lead to cancer. (unt.edu)
In the course of my postdoctoral work I came to appreciate the beauty and sophistication of the intricate regulatory mechanisms that drive cell cycle progression in general, and chromosome segregation in particular, and I decided to continue this line of research in my own lab. (unt.edu)
Silencing genes through epigenetic mechanisms is also very common in cancer cells. (edu.vn)
In this paper, we describe the metabolic changes as well as the mechanisms of resistance to apoptosis occurring in cancer cells and cancer stem cells, underlying the connection between these two processes. (hindawi.com)
The outcomes highlighted the importance of the gene of interest as a therapeutic target to investigate genetically unstable ovarian cancers to further elucidate its mechanisms of action. (medicalxpress.com)
consequently cells have evolved a variety of mechanisms to repair double-strand breaks (DSBs). (brandeis.edu)

This powerful alteration in nucleosome framework offers a molecular system to modify transcription, gene silencing, chromosome segregation and DNA fix. (irjs.info)
It can bind to sites in the promoters of genes to initiate transcription. (edu.vn)
In contrast, cancer cells shift their metabolism toward lactate production even in the presence of oxygen [ 4 ], partly through genetic modifications that stabilize the transcription factor Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF) involved in the adaptation of the cells to hypoxia, under nonhypoxic conditions as well as generating an adaptive response to the hypoxic microenvironment (Figure 1 ). (hindawi.com)
Subsequently, T cells receiving PD-1 signals displayed impaired Cdk2 activation and failed to phosphorylate two critical Cdk2 substrates, the retinoblastoma gene product (Rb) and the TGFβ-specific transcription factor Smad3 , leading to suppression of E2F target genes but enhanced Smad3 transactivation (Figure 3). (shu.edu)
Thus, PD-1 targets Ras and PI3K/Akt signaling to inhibit transcription of Skp2 and to activate Smad3 as an integral component of a pathway that regulates blockade of cell cycle progression in T lymphocytes. (shu.edu)
Activated complexes accumulate in the nucleus where they cooperate with DNA-binding cofactors to regulate target gene transcription. (shu.edu)

Dramatic change in chromosomal DNA morphology between interphase and mitosis is a defining features of the eukaryotic cell cycle. (icr.ac.uk)
This is linked to the lack of a functional G1/S-phase checkpoint, which allows the cells to enter the S-phase almost directly after mitosis. (uni-muenchen.de)
Many chemotherapeutic agents explore defects in the cell cycle machinery of cancer cells to halt the cycle through mitosis inhibition. (medicalxpress.com)
However, existing mitosis-targeting chemotherapeutic agents do not discriminate between healthy and malignant cell lines, resulting in severe side-effects . (medicalxpress.com)
The challenge therefore is to identify molecular targets associated with mitosis of cancer cells. (medicalxpress.com)
Cell mitosis is an attractive target to effectively treat a variety of cancer forms, where microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) assist cells to maintain the stability of cell dynamics. (medicalxpress.com)
In addition cells have evolved a damage-sensing checkpoint system whereby the cells delay entry into mitosis until the break has been repaired. (brandeis.edu)

Defects in the ability of cells to properly respond to and repair DNA damage result in genomic instability and underlie many forms of cancer. (mdanderson.org)

Interestingly, replication stress in Brca2-null cells activates p53 and the expression of its target genes, including senescence-inducing Ink4/Arf. (biomedcentral.com)
Therefore, the mutation of p53 in cancer will dramatically alter the transcriptional activity of its target genes. (edu.vn)

This phenomenon, called 'telomeric silencing', or 'telomere position effect' (TPE), was initially discovered and studied using transgenes but it also appears to regulate endogenous subtelomeric genes [ 6 - 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

There are many proteins that are turned on or off (gene activation or gene silencing) that dramatically alter the overall activity of the cell. (edu.vn)
This combination of DNA methylation and histone deacetylation (epigenetic modifications that lead to gene silencing) is commonly found in cancer. (edu.vn)
In this work, Chatterjee and the team screened the effect of CKAP5 silencing in solid cancer cell lines and in normal non-cancer epithelial cell lines as a negative control. (medicalxpress.com)
Silencing of genes inserted near telomeres provides a model to investigate the function of heterochromatin. (biomedcentral.com)
TAS appear cytologically condensed (that is, heterochromatic) [ 5 ] and confer silencing on nearby genes, apparently because of spreading of silent heterochromatin. (biomedcentral.com)

Progression through the cell cycle is driven by the oscillating activity of Cyclin Dependent Kinases (CDKs). (intechopen.com)
Orderly progression through the cell cycle involves passage through sequential checkpoints. (shu.edu)

The use of human telomerase reverse transcriptase-immortalized bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (hTERT-BMSCs) as vehicles to deliver antinociceptive galanin (GAL) molecules into pain-processing centers represents a novel cell therapy strategy for pain management. (hindawi.com)
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are a reservoir for tissue homeostasis and repair that age during organismal aging. (encyclopedia.pub)

[ 1 ] These patients are at high risk for developing hematological malignancies in the first two decades of life, most commonly T-cell lymphoblastic malignancies and diffuse large B cell lymphoma. (medscape.com)

0.27 MB DOC) pone.0012143.s006.doc (268K) GUID:?28BD7F7C-6E7C-49DF-98FD-21EB74D5C547 Table S2: Differentially portrayed genes in htz1, swr1, swc2, swc5 and dual mutants in accordance with outrageous type. (irjs.info)
In addition, the absence of Htz1 affects DNA replication and cell cycle progression and causes lethality or sickness in combination with S-phase checkpoint mutants [21]. (irjs.info)
In some p53 mutants, induction of cell cycle arrest, but not apoptosis was found to be associated with a lack of induction of PIG3 expression ( 2 ). (ijbs.com)

These genetic alterations result in either activation or inactivation of specific gene functions that contribute to the process of carcinogenesis. (bmj.com)

Mechanism of selective recruitment of RNA polymerases II and III to snRNA gene promoters. (icr.ac.uk)
Actually, stem cell exhaustion is considered one of the promoters of aging. (encyclopedia.pub)

Scientists are working to understand the common changes that give rise to certain types of cancer or how a modification might be exploited to destroy a tumor cell. (edu.vn)
Anti-PD-1 antibodies (dark green) or anti-PD-L1 antibodies (light green) can prevent the tumor cell from binding PD-1 and thus allow T cells to remain active. (shu.edu)

Additional related interests include applying insights into FA-BRCA genes/proteins to improve therapeutic approaches to cancer and related diseases, proton radiation biology, and how to ameliorate CRISPR-Cas9 mediated gene editing by enhancing HR-dependent repair of DSBs generated by Cas9. (cincinnatichildrens.org)

Nat Cell Biol 24(7):1154-1164, 2022. (mdanderson.org)

The AT locus was mapped to the chromosomal region 11q22-23 using genetic linkage analysis in the late 1980s and the causative gene was identified by positional cloning several years later. (bmj.com)
Further investigations revealed that in vitro cells derived from patients with Nijmegen breakage syndrome display characteristic abnormalities similar to those observed in ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) , including spontaneous chromosomal instability, sensitivity to ionizing radiation (IR), and radioresistant DNA synthesis (RDS). (medscape.com)
When these modifications occur, the gene present in that chromosomal region is silenced. (edu.vn)
In culture, cells from affected individuals exhibit elevated rates of chromosomal breakage or instability, leading to chromosomal rearrangements. (medscape.com)
Table 1 provides a summary outline of the gene symbols, chromosomal locations, radiation sensitivity characteristics, immunodeficiencies, chromosome breakage characteristics, and major cancer risk for each of these disorders. (medscape.com)

Previous studies have demonstrated that immortalized astrocytes are not only easily manipulated, reproducible, and nontumorigenic but are also safe potential vehicles for the delivery of therapeutic genes (galanin) for chronic pain therapy [ 7 - 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
Studies have increasingly focused on the potential therapeutic effects of stem cell transplantation for neurological diseases [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
Due to the low abundance of MSCs in human adult tissues (about 1/10 6 cells in adult bone marrow and 1/10 3-4 cells in adipose tissue and umbilical cord) [ 16 ] , frequently ex-vivo expansion precedes therapeutic administration, to obtain a clinically relevant number of cells. (encyclopedia.pub)

Histone modification is a vital mechanism of gene expression and a promising therapy target. (thno.org)
The p53-inducible gene 3 (PIG3) recently has been reported to be a new player in DNA damage signaling and response, but the crucial mechanism remains unclear. (ijbs.com)
In the present study, the potential mechanism of PIG3 participation in the DNA damage response induced by ionizing radiation (IR) was investigated in multiple cell lines with depleted expression of PIG3 transiently or stably by the small interference RNA and lentivirus-mediated shRNA expression strategies. (ijbs.com)

Given the previously reported role of DUSP4 as a p53 target, a potential cell cycle checkpoint, and in mediating senescence downstream of replication stress, we hypothesized that DUSP4 may be a critical oncogenic driver in breast cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
3) How does the cell protect genome stability in response to DNA replication stress? (mdanderson.org)

The tumor suppressor p53 transactivates the expression of a number of genes to exert its multifaceted features and in the end maintains genome stability. (aprofarm.org)
A high expression of Pes1, Bop1 and WDR12 was observed in ES cells, which strongly decreased during in vitro differentiation. (uni-muenchen.de)
No changes in the expression levels of pluripotency-genes like Nanog, KLF4 and Sox2 were observed. (uni-muenchen.de)
More recently I've developed an interest in nuclear structure, the determinants of which are largely unknown, and yet it is an integral part of many biological processes, such as gene expression, DNA replication and DNA repair. (unt.edu)
Cancer can be described as a disease of altered gene expression. (edu.vn)
Interestingly, targeting WDR5 by siRNA and OICR-9429 could block IFN-γ-induced PD-L1 expression in PCa cells. (thno.org)
Re-expression of PIG3 effectively rescued the depression of DNA-PKcs in PIG3-depleted cells. (ijbs.com)
How Reliable Are Gene Expression-Based and Immunohistochemical Biomarkers Assessed on a Core-Needle Biopsy? (lu.se)

The central aim of the research within the Cell Biology theme is to gain a deeper understanding of the biology of the eukaryotic cell. (ki.se)

We saw that two of the genes which produce proteins involved in repairing damaged DNA work in opposite ways with respect to reproduction in mice. (technologynetworks.com)

CMB is comprised of more than 30 independent research groups organized in three themes: Cell Biology, Developmental and Stem Cell Biology and Infection and Cancer. (ki.se)
Thus the theme encloses expertise within bioinformatics, biophysics, biochemistry, molecular cell biology and genetics. (ki.se)
Basic genetic and molecular biology methodologies are combined with complementary bioinformatic and genome-wide approaches, allowing investigation global molecular changes in cells in various differentiation processes. (ki.se)
You'll establish your foundation of knowledge and expertise with a set of core modules including genetics, cell biology and biochemistry. (leeds.ac.uk)

MSCs represent a lifelong reservoir for the generation of somatic cells and for cell replacement. (encyclopedia.pub)

A successful therapy must therefore eliminate these cells known to be highly resistant to apoptosis. (hindawi.com)
The p53-inducible gene 3 (PIG3) was originally indentified by Polyak et al in the analysis of p53-induced genes related to the onset of apoptosis ( 1 ). (ijbs.com)
Additionally, PIG3 mediates cancer cell death through the GPx3 pathway, and knocking down PIG3 or blocking the interaction between PIG3 and GPx3 would abolish the increase in ROS and apoptosis ( 5 ). (ijbs.com)

The association between mutation of the ATM gene and a high incidence of lymphoid malignancy in patients with AT, together with the development of lymphoma in Atm deficient mice, supports the proposal that inactivation of the ATM gene may be of importance in the pathogenesis of sporadic lymphoid malignancy. (bmj.com)

This ensures that the cell has properly completed the step and has not encountered any mutation that will alter its function. (edu.vn)

We conducted a systematic review of the literature on the effects of vitamin D on ovarian cancer cell. (mdpi.com)

MSC use frequently requires in vitro expansion, thus exposing cells to replicative senescence. (encyclopedia.pub)

High B-cell numbers can result in tumors that can interfere with normal bodily function. (edu.vn)
Deep sequencing and gene centric common insertion sites landscapes in resistant tumors (separate Excel file). (bace-signal.com)
Effective immunotherapy of stromal-rich tumors requires simultaneous targeting of cancer cells and immunosuppressive elements of the microenvironment. (aacrjournals.org)
The risk is increased 1000-fold for squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma, and fibrosarcoma and is increased 10-fold to 20-fold for other tumors. (medscape.com)

10 Genes that, when activated, contribute to the carcinogenesis are generally termed proto-oncogenes. (bmj.com)
The mutated forms of these genes are referred to as oncogenes. (bmj.com)
Proto-oncogenes are positive cell-cycle regulators. (edu.vn)

Hence, ribosomal stress does not lead to checkpoint activation via the p53-p21-Rb pathway in ES cells. (uni-muenchen.de)

Stem cell exhaustion , a phenomenon that occurs as progenitor cells reproduce to give rise to new specialized cells (e.g., skin, liver, cardiac, skeletal muscle cells) but can accelerate due to environmental exposures. (foundmyfitness.com)

Indeed, the potent pathotropic migratory properties of BMSCs and ability to circumvent both the complications associated with immune rejection of allogenic cells and many of the moral reasons associated with embryonic stem cell use suggest that BMSCs are most promising stem cells as a potential target for the clinical use of genetically engineered stem cells [ 14 , 15 ]. (hindawi.com)
Using a genetically engineered mouse model, we generated mammary-specific Dusp4 -deleted primary epithelial cells to investigate the necessary conditions in which DUSP4 loss may drive breast cancer oncogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)

Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), in particular blockade of PD-1/PD-L1, show promising therapy response in some cancers, they are less effective in PCa which may be poor infiltration of cytotoxic T-cells [ 7 - 9 ]. (thno.org)

Additionally, in mice, they have successfully manipulated several key genes associated with these variants to extend their reproductive lifespan. (technologynetworks.com)

Her laboratory takes multidisciplinary approach to identify important players in the DNA damage response and define the roles of these genes in maintaining genomic stability and tumor suppression. (mdanderson.org)
Specifically, the concepts of tumour heterogeneity, oncogene addiction, non-oncogene addiction, tumour initiating cells, tumour microenvironment, non-coding sequences and DNA damage response will be reviewed. (bmj.com)

Shao N, Zhou Y, Yao J, Zhang P, Song Y, Zhang K, Han X, Wang B* , Liu X* . A Bidirectional Single-Cell Migration and Retrieval Chip for Quantitative Study of Dendritic Cell Migration *Co-corresponding authors. (mdanderson.org)

The hallmark of embryonic stem (ES) cells is their ability for self-renewal (capability of unlimited cell division without the loss of pluripotency) as well as for differentiation into all cell types of the adult organism. (uni-muenchen.de)
In embryonic stem cells, SMAD2/3-TIF1γ recognizes specific chromatin marks, promoting access of SMAD2/3-SMAD4 to otherwise repressed targets. (shu.edu)

Glucose and glutamine are the 2 major substrates used by cancer cells. (hindawi.com)

In particular, ubiquitin-mediated degradation is critically important at transition points where it provides directionality and irreversibility to the cell cycle, which is essential for maintaining genome integrity. (intechopen.com)

This research aims at characterizing molecules and signals involved in controlling the undifferentiated state and self-renewal capacity of stem cells, and to develop methods to direct the differentiation of stem cells into clinically relevant cell types. (ki.se)

Although human HSCs as vehicles to treat metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) has been used to treat patients with early onset MLD in a phase I/II trial, the HSCs give rise to all different blood cell lineages, such as the myeloid and lymphoid cell lineages [ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)

The phosphorylation of pRB, and relief of transcriptional repression by pRB induces genes involved in the induction of S-phase entry. (shu.edu)

This improvement may be a consequence of the introduction of immune-checkpoint-inhibitors and other targeted treatments for metastatic and unresectable disease. (cdc.gov)

PIG3 is highly homologous to NADPH oxidoreductase TED2 in plants and zeta-Crystalline in mammalian cells, and is considered as a proapoptosis marker. (ijbs.com)

Members of this kinase family have been shown to function in DNA repair and cell cycle checkpoint control following DNA damage. (bmj.com)
Deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates (dNTPs) are the precursors of DNA synthesis, and their strict balance is critical for proper DNA replication and repair in cells [ 1 ]. (oncotarget.com)
The team discovered that many of the genes involved are linked to processes of DNA repair. (technologynetworks.com)
Component of the SOSS complex, a multiprotein complex that functions downstream of the MRN complex to promote DNA repair and G2/M checkpoint. (thermofisher.com)
We have focused a lot of attention on yeast mating-type gene switching ( MAT switching) as an example of DSB repair that we can study in great detail. (brandeis.edu)
MAT switching is an example of a repair process called gene conversion. (brandeis.edu)
During aging of the organism, MSCs also age, and this implies an impairment of stem cell functions contributing to the progressive decrease in tissue maintenance and repair, a characteristic of the aging process. (encyclopedia.pub)

Knocking out a specific gene (CHEK2) so that it no longer functions, and over-expressing another (CHEK1) to enhance its activity each led to an approximately 25 per cent longer reproductive lifespan in mice. (technologynetworks.com)
However, the study also looked at women who naturally lack an active CHEK2 gene, and found they reach menopause on average 3.5 years later than women with a normally active gene. (technologynetworks.com)

We are also interested in gene targeting methods and in figuring out why these types of gene replacement and modification are quite inefficient, even in yeast. (brandeis.edu)

There are characteristic modifications to histone proteins and DNA that are associated with silenced genes. (edu.vn)
Histone proteins that surround that region lack the acetylation modification that is present when the genes are expressed in normal cells. (edu.vn)

Xu et al, Genes Dev 31, 1469-1482, 2017 ) Visit Dr. Wang's lab website . (mdanderson.org)

4 - 7 The ATM gene encodes a nuclear phosphoprotein of approximately 350 kDa (3056 amino acids) and is ubiquitously expressed. (bmj.com)

At the same time, many of the processes that drive cell cycle progression are conserved throughout evolution. (unt.edu)

Treatment of mouse NIH3T3 cells with 5FU, a potent inhibitor of rRNA maturation, confirmed an activation of this checkpoint, leading to weak induction of the tumor suppressor p53, induction of the Cdk-inhibitor p21, an increase in active, hypo-phosphorylated Rb, and to accumulation of cells in the G1- and S-phase with an increase of cells in G1-phase. (uni-muenchen.de)
In contrast, ES cells showed strong induction of p53, but no induction of its target gene p21. (uni-muenchen.de)
Continuous exposure of HDM201 led to induction of p21 and delayed accumulation of apoptotic cells. (bace-signal.com)

Bone marrow stem cells, including the pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), are being considered as potential targets for cell and gene therapy-based approaches against a variety of different diseases. (hindawi.com)

Anatomy23

Organisms6

Diseases12

Chemicals and Drugs109

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment23

Phenomena and Processes94

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care4

Pathways8

Breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility genes1

Regulation12

Mutations13

Mitotic3

Susceptibility1

Cellular9

Proliferation14

Protein12

Mechanisms11

Transcription6

Mitosis7

Genomic instability1

Target genes2

Regulate1

Silencing5

Progression through the cell cycle2

Stromal cells2

Diffuse large B1

Mutants3

Alterations1

Promoters2

Tumor cell2

CRISPR-Cas91

20221

Chromosomal5

Therapeutic3

Mechanism3

Replication stress2

Expression8

Eukaryotic cell1

Proteins involved1

Biology4

Somatic1

Apoptosis3

Inactivation1

Mutation1

Ovarian cancer cell1

Vitro1

Tumors4

Oncogenes3

Pathway1

Progenitor cells1

Genetically2

Cancers1

Variants1

Damage response2

Migration1

Embryonic2

Substrates1

Genome integrity1

Clinically relevant1

Myeloid1

Transcriptional1

Immune1

Mammalian1

Repair7

CHEK22

Methods1

Histone2

20171

Encodes1

Processes1

Induction3

Approaches1