ProteinsEmbryonal carcinoma cellsHomeobox contaDimethyl sulfoxideTarget genesReceptorDownstreamMurineMorphogenAcid levelsCellsTranscriptionalCharacterizationRegulatesZebrafishMicroarrayMolecularDifferentiationPromoterStructuralHumanUpstreamSignalsEmbryosIdentificationDevelopmentSpecificCell lineFamilyAnalysisVersusStudiesResultsLarge
Proteins4
- The experiments also show that proteins that interact with retinoic acid help to reduce noise within a cell. (elifesciences.org)
- Structural genes encode proteins that are not involved in gene regulation. (p450inhibitors.com)
- Methods of inducing differentiation in stem cells and muscle cells produced therefrom may be used for the study of cellular and molecular biology of tissue development, for the discovery of genes and proteins such as differentiation factors that play a role in tissue development and regeneration. (justia.com)
- Beta-catenin then accumulates in the nucleus where it interacts with its transcriptional co-activators, members of the Lymphoid Enhancer Factor/T Cell Factor (LEF/TCF) family of high mobility group DNA binding proteins to regulate gene expression [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Embryonal carcinoma cells1
- P19 is a type of pluripotent embryonal carcinoma cells originally obtained from teratocarcinoma developed in a C3H/He mouse. (cytion.com)
Homeobox conta1
Dimethyl sulfoxide2
- They can be differentiated into other cell types when exposed to non-toxic drugs such as retinoic acid and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) [1]. (cytion.com)
- They require nontoxic drugs to differentiate, such as retinoic acid and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). (cytion.com)
Target genes1
- Many downstream target genes of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway have been identified. (biomedcentral.com)
Receptor1
- In the cell, T3 binds to a nuclear receptor, resulting in transcription of specific thyroid hormone response genes. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
Downstream3
- The accepted pathogenetic model is a complex network including SOX2, SOX17, OCT3/4 and PRAME, which modulates the epigenetic transcription of numerous downstream genes and drives a divergent gene expression profile resulting in the transition from pure S (P-S) to S component (S-C) of mixed germ cell tumors of the testis (M-GCTT), and finally to embryonal carcinoma (EC). (bvsalud.org)
- Maternal THs acted upstream of pax2a, pax7 and pax8 genes but downstream of shha and fgf8a signalling. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
- Many downstream gene targets of the canonical Wnt/beta-catenin pathway have been identified http://www.stke.org . (biomedcentral.com)
Murine3
- Isolation and expression analysis in murine embryos of Dlx5 and Dlx6, two murine homologues of the Drosophila Distal-less gene. (cnr.it)
- Temporal map during gastrulation of the retinoic acid effect on development and patterning of murine brain. (cnr.it)
- Role of Otx1 and Otx2 in brain evolution: functional equivalence between the invertebrate Orthodenticle and the murine OTX1 and OTX2 gene products supports a conserved genetic program of brain development between insects and mammals. (cnr.it)
Morphogen2
- In addition, the morphogen retinoic acid, alone or in combination with dibutyryl cAMP, gives a 22-fold induction of PDGF alpha R gene promoter activity in human teratocarcinoma cells. (nih.gov)
- Morphogen gradients induce sharply defined domains of gene expression in a concentration-dependent manner, yet how cells interpret these signals in the face of spatial and temporal noise remains unclear. (elifesciences.org)
Acid levels1
- Two cells in the same position can have very different retinoic acid levels, and the levels in a particular cell can vary from one minute to the next. (elifesciences.org)
Cells13
- Expression analysis of the human Hox Complex in teratocarcinoma cells (N-tera2/D1) upon treatment with retinoic acid and the definition of temporal colinearity concept. (cnr.it)
- Molecular mechanism controlling the expression of the HOX Complex gene family in human teratocarcinoma cells (N-tera2/D1). (cnr.it)
- Cells from embryonal carcinoma (EC) lines 6050AJ and PCC4.aza 1R differentiate in response to treatment with sodium butyrate as well as retinoic acid (RA) or hexamethylenebisacetamide (HMBA). (rupress.org)
- The latter observations suggest that sodium butyrate has the ability to reactivate a silent cRABP gene in PCC4(RA)-1 cells and thereby lead to extensive differentiation via the retinoid pathway when RA is added. (rupress.org)
- During differentiation the expression of stem cell specific genes and markers are often lost and cells acquire gene expression profiles of somatic cells or their precursors. (justia.com)
- Retinoic acid induces the development of neurons, microglia, and astroglia, whereas DMSO initiates beating cardiomyocytes and smooth muscle cell development from P19 cells. (cytion.com)
- ix Capacity of cancer tissue to produce abundant PA likely contributes to cancer cell's higher growth rates.ix ,x High concentrations of PA enhance cancer cells to invade, and is associated with less apoptosis and increased expression of the genes affecting metastasis.ix ,xi The association of increased polyamine synthesis and cancer was first reported in the late 1960s. (justia.com)
- Methods: The gene expression profiling of adherent (control) and sphere-forming primary NB cells was conducted using a gene expression microarray. (oncotarget.com)
- The neomycin-resistant gene driven by the cardiac α-myosin heavy chain promoter was stably transfected into ES cells. (biomedcentral.com)
- The gene expression profile of peripheral Foxp3+ natural regulatory T cells isolated from Foxp3/EGFP bicistronic mice was compared to that of in vitro-induced regulatory T cells and to CD4+ conventional (Foxp3-) T cells. (gsea-msigdb.org)
- To test the hypothesis that a specific cell line can respond to distinct Wnts with different patterns of gene expression, we over-expressed Wnt-5a and Rfz-2 in C57mg mammary epithelial cells and compared this cell line to C57mg cells over-expressing Wnt-1. (biomedcentral.com)
- We then focused on two genes previously linked to various cancers, mesothelin and stromelysin-1, which are respectively up-regulated by Wnt-1 and Wnt-5a in C57mg cells. (biomedcentral.com)
- In normal cells, mdm2 availability is controlled by ARF, the product of the p14ARF gene located on INK4a/ARF locus, which binds with mdm2 and induces its degradation. (medscape.com)
Transcriptional2
- The molecular mechanisms involved in the specific regulation of PDGF alpha R expression are unknown, but transcriptional regulation of the PDGF alpha R gene is most likely to be involved. (nih.gov)
- Gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that these protein-coding genes were enriched for transcriptional regulation-related terms. (biomedcentral.com)
Characterization1
Regulates1
- In contrast, little is known about the Wnt/Ca 2+ pathway and whether it regulates gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)
Zebrafish2
- Using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) and phasor analysis to measure endogenous retinoic acid (RA) directly in vivo, we have investigated the amplitude of noise in RA signaling, and how modulation of this noise affects patterning of hindbrain segments (rhombomeres) in the zebrafish embryo. (elifesciences.org)
- ABSTRACT Teleost eggs contain an abundant store of maternal thyroid hormones (THs) and early in zebrafish embryonic development all the genes necessary for TH signalling are expressed. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
Microarray1
- Using DNA microarray analysis, we identified several genes that are regulated by Wnt-5a and Rfz-2 as well as by Wnt-1. (biomedcentral.com)
Molecular1
- This study describes the molecular cloning of the non-coding exon 1 and approximately 2 kb of 5' flanking region of the human PDGF alpha R gene. (nih.gov)
Differentiation2
- In some cases, "master" genes have been described which control differentiation versus self-renewal. (justia.com)
- Successful differentiation is guided in large part by epigenetic reprogramming and regulation of critical gene expression patterns. (biomedcentral.com)
Promoter1
- This 5' flanking region is a functional promoter of the PDGF alpha R gene as concluded from its capacity to drive luciferase reporter gene expression in an orientation dependent way. (nih.gov)
Structural1
- Isolation and identification of the structural organization of the human homeobox gene family (HOX Complex). (cnr.it)
Human3
- Expression is upregulated by retinoic acid in a human teratocarcinoma cell line. (wikipedia.org)
- Expression analysis of several Hox genes in human embryos. (cnr.it)
- The paternal cell lines are (1) the p53-wt (wild type) pluripotent gonadal germ cell tumor cell line NTERA-2, (2) the p53-mutated pluripotent extragonadal nonseminomatous germ cell tumor cell line NCCIT and (3) the p53-wt nullipotent embryonal cell carcinoma 2102EP, derived from a primary human testicular teratocarcinoma. (biomedcentral.com)
Upstream1
- Genome-wide ChIP-seq mapping showed that Brd4 and H4 acetylation are co-occupied in the genome, upstream of core pluripotency genes such as Oct4 and Nanog in ESCs and lineage-specific genes in embryoid bodies (EBs). (biomedcentral.com)
Signals1
Embryos3
- Retinoic acid is a signaling molecule that plays an important role in the development of the brain in animal embryos. (elifesciences.org)
- The experiments show that retinoic acid forms a gradient in the embryos, with high levels at the tail end and lower levels at the head end. (elifesciences.org)
- Isolation and expression analysis both in invertebrate and vertebrate embryos of a new homeobox containing gene named Orthopedia (Otp). (cnr.it)
Identification1
- Identification of an Otx gene-dosage dependent mechanism required for patterning of developing brain and proper positioning of midbrain-hindbrain isthmic organizer. (cnr.it)
Development1
- A future challenge will be to see if similar retinoic acid gradients and noise control occur in other tissues, and if the noise has any positive role to play in development. (elifesciences.org)
Specific5
- Neuronal-specific septin-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SEPT3 gene. (wikipedia.org)
- The specific function of this gene has not been determined. (wikipedia.org)
- This effect is mediated through specific transcription factor binding within the -52/+118 region of the PDGF alpha R gene. (nih.gov)
- Genomic analysis identified 250 protein-coding genes located near (≤ 10 kb) 194 of the loci encoding testis-specific lincRNAs. (biomedcentral.com)
- However, although numerous studies have investigated the protein-coding genes that show tissue-specific expression and play important roles during spermatogenesis, no previous study has comprehensively identified and characterized the mouse testis-specific lncRNAs. (biomedcentral.com)
Cell line1
- Different Wnts have distinct effects on gene expression in a single cell line. (biomedcentral.com)
Family1
- This gene belongs to the septin family of GTPases. (wikipedia.org)
Analysis1
- Generally, when a stem cell culture is induced to differentiate, the differentiated population is analysed for particular cell types by expression of genes, markers or phenotypic analysis. (justia.com)
Versus1
- Genes up-regulated in activated T lymphocytes: T conv versus natural T reg. (gsea-msigdb.org)
Studies1
- Further studies indicate that the CCND2 gene is present at chromosome band 12p13 and CCND2 is overexpressed in most GCTs, including CIS. (medscape.com)
Results1
- Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. (wikipedia.org)
Large1
- also found that there is a large amount of noise in the retinoic acid gradient. (elifesciences.org)