• Pocket proteins Rb, p107 and p130 play central roles in cell cycle progression and differentiation. (eu.org)
  • The LxSxE motif is specific for p107/p130 and is present in LIN52, a component of the DREAM complex. (eu.org)
  • A phosphorylation downstream to the core motif acts as a switch that binds to a positively charged pocket only present in p107/p130. (eu.org)
  • The LxDLFD motif ( LIG_RB_pABgroove_1 ) mediates binding to a highly conserved deep groove formed in the interface between the A and B subdomains of the Rb, p107 and p130 pocket domains. (eu.org)
  • The members of the retinoblastoma family of pocket proteins, pRb, p107 and p130, are negative regulators of the cell cycle with tumor suppressor activity and with roles in differentiation. (oncotarget.com)
  • Furthermore, our work has shown that epigenetic mechanisms controlled by pRb2/p130, as well as epigenetic events affecting Rb2/130 gene expression itself, play an important role in retinoblastoma and lung cancer formation and progression, and can represent key events in the differentiation of cornea and conjunctiva normal cells. (shro.org)
  • pRb family proteins (in particular pRb2/p130) and regulation of estrogen receptors (alpha and beta) gene expression by chromatin remodeling in breast cancer. (shro.org)
  • Furthermore, using chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, we show that E2F1 and the pocket protein family members p107 and p130 bind to the AR promoter in vivo. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Pro-proliferative focus on genes cyclinD1 (CCND1) and E2F1 aswell as anti-proliferative goals CDKN1A (p21) PTEN RB1 RBL1 (p107) RBL2 (p130) had been proven as common goals for miR-17 -20 and -106b. (techblessing.com)
  • Crk-associated substrate p130(Cas) interacts with nephrocystin and both proteins localize to cell-cell contacts of polarized epithelial cells. (ucdenver.edu)
  • Retinoblastoma-like 1 (p107), also known as RBL1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RBL1 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • Phosphorylation controlled by protein kinases and phosphatases is the major posttranslational modification and regulates the cellular levels and transactivator function of E2F1. (bvsalud.org)
  • Our data identify PP2A/B55-IER5 as a critical regulator of E2F1 and suggest that the phosphorylation state of E2F1 is an important determinant for the expression of proapoptotic genes. (bvsalud.org)
  • Although viewed as a constitutive housekeeping enzyme in the past, PP2A is a highly regulated phosphatase and is emerging as an important regulator of multiple cellular processes involving protein phosphorylation. (ac.be)
  • 1 Reversible protein phosphorylation is an important regulatory mechanism that controls the activities of a myriad of proteins and is thus involved in virtually every major physiological process. (ac.be)
  • But advances in the understanding of protein phosphatases make now clear that these enzymes are precisely regulated and are as important as kinases in the regulation of cellular processes involving protein phosphorylation. (ac.be)
  • 4 While proteins can be phosphorylated on nine amino acids, serine, threonine and tyrosine phosphorylation are by far the most predominant in eukaryotic cells. (ac.be)
  • The main cyclin-cdks complexes formed in vertebrate cells are cyclin D-cdk4 (G0/G1), cyclin E-cdk2 (G1/S), cyclin A-cdk2 (S) and cyclin B1-cdk1 (G2/M). These complexes are regulated by activating and inhibitory phosphorylation events, as well as by interactions with small regulatory proteins including p21 and p27Kip1. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • IRF-7 undergoes PHOSPHORYLATION prior to nuclear translocation and it activates GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION of multiple interferon GENES. (umassmed.edu)
  • It is a signal transducing adaptor protein that undergoes tyrosine PHOSPHORYLATION in signaling pathways that regulate CELL MIGRATION and CELL PROLIFERATION. (ucdenver.edu)
  • It undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation by C-SRC PROTEIN PP60 and plays a regulatory role in CAVEOLAE formation. (nih.gov)
  • The accumulation of both Cyclin and CKI proteins is tightly regulated at the level of transcription. (intechopen.com)
  • In addition, Cyclin and CKI proteins are controlled at the level of their destruction. (intechopen.com)
  • The expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors was profoundly affected with early activation and then repression of p21 cip1/waf1 and persistent activation of both p27 kip1 and p57 kip2 , whereas genes involved in cell survival and proliferation were suppressed. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Cyclin-dependent kinases such as CDK8 phosphorylate at S375 of E2F1, which is dephosphorylated by protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) containing the B55 regulatory subunit. (bvsalud.org)
  • Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks) are evolutionarily conserved proteins that are essential for cell-cycle control in eukaryotes. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Specific substrates for cdk-cyclin complexes include nuclear lamins, histones, oncogenes (e.g., c-abl and SV40 large T-Ag), tumor suppressor genes (e.g., retinoblastoma protein, Rb), nucleolin and others. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Faha B, Ewen ME, Tsai LH, Livingston DM, Harlow E. Interaction between human cyclin A and adenovirus E1A-associated p107 protein. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • The LxCxE motif binds to all pocket proteins and is present in chromatin regulators such as HDAC and KDM5A and in viral proteins. (eu.org)
  • Pocket proteins play essential roles in cell cycle progression, quiescence and differentiation, and their functional disruption is associated with human cancer. (eu.org)
  • This is the first study describing the production and distribution of ETS-1 and ETS-2 mRNAs and proteins using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry in murine ocular tissue sections of normal control eyes and tumoral eyes from mice of the same age. (molvis.org)
  • The RB1 gene product is a tumor suppressor protein that appears to be involved in cell cycle regulation, as it is phosphorylated in the S to M phase transition and is dephosphorylated in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
  • The most studied function of the Rb protein is in the regulation of cell cycle progression at the G1/S boundary ( Giacinti,2006 ). (eu.org)
  • In this work we studied the relative contribution of the retinoblastoma family members to the regulation of Sox2 expression. (oncotarget.com)
  • Although intracellular signal transduction is often portrayed as a protein kinase 'domino effect', the counterbalancing function of phosphatases, and thus the control of phosphatase activity, is equally relevant to proper regulation of cellular function. (ac.be)
  • In the past, most of the attention was focused primarily on protein kinases and on their regulation, mainly because phosphatases were then viewed as simple housekeeping enzymes. (ac.be)
  • Finally, we contrast the regulatory properties of protein motifs and the regulatory elements of DNA and (pre-)mRNAs, advocating that co-regulation, co-operativity, and motif-driven regulatory programs are common mechanisms that emerge from the use of simple, evolutionarily plastic regulatory modules. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Using semi-quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blots experiments, we compared changes in ETS-1 and ETS-2 expression, their protein levels, and the regulation of some of their target gene expressions at different stages of the ocular tumoral progression in the transgenic mouse model, Tyrp-1-TAg, with those in normal eyes from control mice of the same age. (molvis.org)
  • Many strikingly miR-17 -20 and -106b had been found to market cell proliferation by raising the intracellular activity of E2F transcription elements even though miR-17 -20 and -106b straight focus on the transcripts that encode because of this proteins family members. (techblessing.com)
  • The expansion of CAG trinucleotide repeats in genes that encode Ataxins is associated with SPINOCEREBELLAR ATAXIAS (SCA). (bvsalud.org)
  • We observe that each gene and its products have a unique set of DNA, RNA or protein motifs that encode a regulatory program to define the logical circuitry that guides the life cycle of these biomolecules, from transcription to degradation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The variety of keratin genes differentially expressed suggests that these proteins may however have additional functions. (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • In particular, we will discuss the modifications in intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways caused by proteins encoded by HPV early genes. (mdpi.com)
  • Moreover, during this phase an enrichment in genes involved in the formation of the lipid droplets was evidenced as well as the activation of the thyroid-receptor/retinoic X receptor (TR/RXR) and the peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) signalling pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Random set analysis was used to identify biological pathways enriched for genes differentially regulated in tumors (compared with 59 samples of normal mucosa). (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this study, we aim to leverage these metabolic changes as potential biomarkers for assessing ovarian cancer.A functional module-based approach was utilized to identify key gene expression pathways that distinguish different stages of ovarian cancer (OC) within a tissue biopsy cohort. (stanford.edu)
  • Breast cancer risk is influenced by rare coding variants in susceptibility genes, such as BRCA1, and many common, mostly non-coding variants. (cancerindex.org)
  • Using different approaches we also found that the molecular system where these keratins modulate cell development appears to be associated with pRb as well as the molecular equipment controlling cell routine development during G1 which regarding K10 this function resides in the nonhelical termini from the protein. (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors. (novusbio.com)
  • The transcription factor E2F1 participates in cell cycle control through transcriptional activation of genes that promote S-phase entry. (bvsalud.org)
  • E2F1 is also linked to the expression of proapoptotic genes, and the loss of E2F1 activity facilitates tumor progression by reducing cellular apoptosis. (bvsalud.org)
  • The PP2A adapter protein IER5 binds to both PP2A/B55 and E2F1 and assists dephosphorylation at S375 by PP2A. (bvsalud.org)
  • Although the promoter regions of proapoptotic genes are less occupied by E2F1 in cells, an increase in S375-dephosphorylated E2F1 induces preferential binding of E2F1 to the proapoptotic gene promoters and their expression. (bvsalud.org)
  • The first project focuses on E2F1, a regulator of genes important for cell cycle progression and apoptosis. (mdanderson.org)
  • Semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR analysis showed elevated E2F1 mRNA levels and increased levels of the E2F-target genes dihydrofolate reductase and proliferating cell nuclear antigen in metastatic hormone-independent prostate cancer cases compared with benign tissues. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • We show that exogenous expression of E2F1 significantly inhibited AR mRNA and AR protein levels in prostate epithelial cells. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Of the 30,000 or so genes that are currently thought to exist in the human genome , there is a small subset that seems to be particularly important in the prevention, development, and progression of cancer. (cancerquest.org)
  • In this context, we have suggested that the silencing of estrogen receptor alpha (ER-α) gene during breast cancer progression, as well as of p73 gene in osteosarcoma, could arise from epigenetic events mediated by pRb2/130 (and perhaps by pRb1/105 and p107) in association with specific enzymes involved in the chromatin remodeling. (shro.org)
  • Role of pRb family proteins in lung cancer formation and progression. (shro.org)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-rel" by people in Profiles. (childrensmercy.org)
  • Crk-associated substrate was originally identified as a highly phosphorylated 130 kDa protein that associates with ONCOGENE PROTEIN CRK and ONCOGENE PROTEIN SRC. (ucdenver.edu)
  • This first category also includes genes that contribute to tumor growth by inhibiting cell death. (cancerquest.org)
  • BRCA1 Protein" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (jefferson.edu)
  • The phosphoprotein encoded by the BRCA1 gene (GENE, BRCA1). (jefferson.edu)
  • In normal cells the BRCA1 protein is localized in the nucleus, whereas in the majority of breast cancer cell lines and in malignant pleural effusions from breast cancer patients, it is localized mainly in the cytoplasm. (jefferson.edu)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "BRCA1 Protein" by people in this website by year, and whether "BRCA1 Protein" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (jefferson.edu)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "BRCA1 Protein" by people in Profiles. (jefferson.edu)
  • GRP78 is a resident protein of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mayassociate transiently with a variety of newly synthesized secretory and membrane proteins orpermanently with mutant or defective proteins that are incorrectly folded, thus preventing theirexport from the ER lumen. (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • Cloning of cDNAs for cellular proteins that bind to the retinoblastoma gene product. (wikigenes.org)
  • 2 Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a very abundant - it accounts for as much as 1% of total cellular proteins - ubiquitous and remarkably conserved enzyme. (ac.be)
  • The activity of CDKs is controlled by their binding to coactivator subunits termed Cyclins, as well as by CDK inhibitory proteins termed CKIs. (intechopen.com)
  • This protein was produced in an in vitro wheat germ expression system that should preserve correct conformational folding that is necessary for biological function. (novusbio.com)
  • Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • Deleterious, protein-altering variants in the transcriptional coregulator ZMYM3 in 27 individuals with a neurodevelopmental delay phenotype. (uams.edu)
  • Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
  • Search the gene expression profiles from curated DataSets in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) repository. (cancerindex.org)
  • Re-expression of the retinoblastoma-binding protein 2-homolog 1 reveals tumor-suppressive functions in highly metastatic melanoma cells. (wikigenes.org)
  • To understand the development of adiposity, it is crucial to identify the genes which expression is associated with adipogenic differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Overall, our study demonstrates the coordinated expression of functionally related genes during proliferation and differentiation of rainbow trout adipocyte cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Finally, Prdm16-deficient brown fat displays an abnormal morphology, reduced thermogenic gene expression and elevated expression of muscle-specific genes. (bioseek.eu)
  • IL-17 induced NOTCH1 activation in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells enhances proliferation and inflammatory gene expression. (harvard.edu)
  • How Reliable Are Gene Expression-Based and Immunohistochemical Biomarkers Assessed on a Core-Needle Biopsy? (lu.se)
  • Normal and cancer fibroblasts differentially regulate TWIST1, TOX and cytokine gene expression in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. (uams.edu)
  • Members of this family of proteins are often found associated with histone-modifying enzymes and protein complexes that regulate gene expression. (bvsalud.org)
  • The effects of POP inhibition and knockdown on the proliferation of cultured human estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) MCF7 and T47D, and ER-negative (ER-) MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines and the MCF12A non-tumorigenic epithelial cell line were tested by analyzing their influence on cell proliferation (WST-1 assay), cell viability (trypan blue exclusion assay), and cell cycle arrest (cell cycle analysis, cell cycle regulator proteins expression). (cancerindex.org)
  • The adenovirus E1A protein mimics the LxDLFD motif and competes with E2F for binding to Rb, promoting E2F activation and cell proliferation. (eu.org)
  • Proliferation cluster comprised 1028 genes up-regulated from days 3 to 8 of culture meanwhile the differentiation cluster was characterized by 2140 induced genes from days 15 to 21. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Proliferation was characterized by enrichment in genes involved in basic cellular and metabolic processes (transcription, ribosome biogenesis, translation and protein folding), cellular remodelling and autophagy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our interest is to carry out the complex network of signals by which this family of proteins regulates cellular proliferation, survival and differentiation, and to disclose the mechanisms responsible for the regulatory disruption of these functions in the neoplastic process. (shro.org)
  • A ubiquitously expressed sequence-specific transcriptional repressor that is normally the target of signaling by NOTCH PROTEINS. (harvard.edu)
  • Background MicroRNAs are brief (~22 nt) non-coding regulatory RNAs that control gene appearance on the post-transcriptional level. (techblessing.com)
  • Specifically we are looking at: Genetic and epigenetic (Rb family gene methylation ) alterations in lung cancer. (shro.org)
  • Both the RB1 protein and the product of this gene can form a complex with adenovirus E1A protein and SV40 Large T-antigen, with the SV40 large T-antigen binding only to the unphosphorylated form of each protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • This gene encodes a member of the heterogeneous family of basic, proline-rich, human salivary glycoproteins. (cancerindex.org)
  • Here we show a novel function for Retinoblastoma family member, p107 in controlling stem cell expansion in the mammalian brain. (rupress.org)
  • this family of proteins is hereafter called EBF) are a group of DNA-binding transcription factors with the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Protein Phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a widely expressed family of protein phosphatases made of a core dimer, composed of a catalytic (C) subunit and a structural (A) subunit, in association with a third variable regulatory (B) subunit. (ac.be)
  • The members from the large keratin family of cytoskeletal proteins are expressed in a carefully regulated tissue- and differentiation-specific manner. (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • The 78 kDa glucose regulated protein/BiP (GRP78) belongs to the family of ~70 kDa heat shockproteins (HSP 70). (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • Keratins are a large family of proteins which form the intermediate filament (IF) cytoskeleton of epithelial cells and their appendages hairs and nails (reviewed in references 8 and 15). (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • Our specific research has concentrated on the mechanisms regulated by pRb-family proteins and governing the neoplastic processes. (shro.org)
  • A family of endogenous regulatory proteins that associate with RETINOBLASTOMA PROTEIN via a specific high-affinity binding domain. (bvsalud.org)
  • In a genome-wide screen for putative tumor suppressor genes, the EBF3 locus on the human chromosome 10q26.3 was found to be deleted or methylated in 73% of the examined cases of brain tumors. (aacrjournals.org)
  • E2F3( AAH16847, 1 a.a. - 134 a.a.) recombinant protein with GST. (novusbio.com)
  • In addition, both proteins can inhibit the transcription of cell cycle genes containing E2F binding sites in their promoters. (wikipedia.org)
  • Inactivation of Rb may contribute to many human malignancies including familial retinoblastoma, small-cell lung carcinomas, cervical carcinomas, prostate carcinomas, breast carcinomas, and some forms of leukaemias ( Burkhart,2008 ). (eu.org)
  • The genes that have been identified to date have been categorized into two broad categories, depending on their normal functions in the cell. (cancerquest.org)
  • Genes whose protein products can directly or indirectly prevent cell division or lead to cell death. (cancerquest.org)
  • We have two copies of each gene and for oncogenes, a single defective copy is enough to cause a cell to divide. (cancerquest.org)
  • Many of these genes are responsible for providing the positive signals that lead to cell division. (cancerquest.org)
  • As stated in the introduction to this section, the defective versions of these genes, known as oncogenes, can cause a cell to divide in an unregulated manner. (cancerquest.org)
  • This is in contrast with tumor suppressor genes which must BOTH be defective to lead to abnormal cell division. (cancerquest.org)
  • Despite the differences in their normal roles, these genes all contribute to unregulated cell division if they are present in a mutant (oncogenic) form. (cancerquest.org)
  • GRP78 is a highly conserved protein that is essential for cell viability.The highly conserved sequence Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu (KDEL) is present at the C terminus of GRP78and other resident ER proteins including glucose regulated protein 94 (GRP 94) and proteindisulfide isomerase (PDI). (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • Conclusions/Significance Mir-17 -20 and -106b downregulate a common group of pro- and anti-proliferative focus on genes to effect cell routine development of USSC and boost intracellular activity of E2F transcription elements to govern G1/S changeover. (techblessing.com)
  • A substantial portion of the regulatory interactions in the higher eukaryotic cell are mediated by simple sequence motifs in the regulatory segments of genes and (pre-)mRNAs, and in the intrinsically disordered regions of proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Proteins found in the nucleus of a cell. (uams.edu)
  • Cellular nucleic acid-binding protein is essential for type I interferon-mediated immunity to RNA virus infection. (umassmed.edu)
  • Do not confuse with NUCLEOPROTEINS which are proteins conjugated with nucleic acids, that are not necessarily present in the nucleus. (uams.edu)
  • On the other hand, the terminal differentiation phase was enriched with genes involved in energy production, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Additionally utilizing a cocktail of development and differentiation elements (XXL-medium) differentiation of USSC into cells of neuronal lineage (XXL-USSC) expressing neurofilament and Vandetanib trifluoroacetate sodium route proteins was acquired [3]. (techblessing.com)
  • The larger the gene name, the more frequently that gene is defective in that cancer type. (cancerquest.org)
  • These genes have been found to be either malfunctioning or non-functioning in many different kinds of cancer. (cancerquest.org)
  • Development of new strategies for lung cancer treatment through gene therapy approaches and design of new anticancer molecules. (shro.org)
  • A) X. tropicalis carrying a germline heterozygous 1-base pair deletion in the MCR of the apc gene (c.4120del, apcMCR-Δ1/+) develop desmoid tumors with a 100% penetrance at 3 y of age (Left). (xenbase.org)
  • Assessing and classifying editing outcomes at CRISPR/Cas9 target sites of candidate dependency genes in apc mutant desmoid tumors. (xenbase.org)
  • Desmoid tumors were dissected from 3-mo-old postmetamorphic animals, and both CRISPR/Cas9 target sites were subjected to targeted amplicon sequencing to determine gene editing outcomes. (xenbase.org)
  • Adult p107-null mice had elevated numbers of proliferating progenitor cells in their lateral ventricles. (rupress.org)
  • The mutant proteins often retain some of their capabilities but are no longer sensitive to the controls that regulate the normal form of the protein. (cancerquest.org)
  • After translation, where is a protein localised, and what complexes should it join? (biomedcentral.com)
  • ETS-1 and ETS-2 mRNA and protein levels were much higher in the ocular tissues of Tyrp-1-TAg mice than in control ocular tissues from wild-type mice. (molvis.org)
  • It contains an N-terminal RING FINGER DOMAIN and is a PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 1 regulatory subunit. (jefferson.edu)
  • Genome Maintenance by DNA Helicase B. Genes (Basel). (uams.edu)
  • the regulatory regions of target genes. (scirp.org)
  • Nuclear Proteins" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (uams.edu)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "Nuclear Proteins" by people in Profiles over the past ten years. (uams.edu)
  • The presence of carboxy terminal KDEL appears to be necessary forretention and appears to be sufficient to reduce the secretion of proteins from the ER. (exposed-skin-care.net)