• Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2), encoded in humans by the BCL2 gene, is the founding member of the Bcl-2 family of regulator proteins that regulate cell death (apoptosis), by either inhibiting (anti-apoptotic) or inducing (pro-apoptotic) apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • BCL2A1 is an anti-apoptotic member of the BCL-2 family that contributes to chemoresistance in a subset of tumors. (edu.au)
  • The recently isolated bcl-w gene encodes a pro-survival member of the Bcl-2 family, which is widely expressed. (deathbase.org)
  • bcl-w, a novel member of the bcl-2 family, promotes cell survival. (deathbase.org)
  • The t(14;18) translocation (characteristic for follicular lymphoma but also common in other types) results in activation of the BCL-2 gene and suppression of apoptosis. (oncolink.org)
  • Overexpression of bcl-2 proteins, due to a translocation of the gene, is associated with follicular lymphoma. (rush.edu)
  • Bcl-2 derives its name from B-cell lymphoma 2, as it is the second member of a range of proteins initially described in chromosomal translocations involving chromosomes 14 and 18 in follicular lymphomas. (wikipedia.org)
  • But simultaneous over-expression of Bcl-2 and the proto-oncogene myc may produce aggressive B-cell malignancies including lymphoma. (wikipedia.org)
  • In follicular lymphoma, a chromosomal translocation commonly occurs between the fourteenth and the eighteenth chromosomes - t(14;18) - which places the Bcl-2 gene from chromosome 18 next to the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus on chromosome 14. (wikipedia.org)
  • The B-cell lymphoma/leukemia oncogene bcl-2 takes part in crucial regulatory events in B-cell maturation and differentiation. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The prototypic mammalian regulator of cell death is bcl-2, the oncogene implicated in the development of human follicular lymphoma. (deathbase.org)
  • Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma can be classified by gene expression profiling into germinal center and activated B-cell subtypes with different prognoses after rituximab-CHOP. (duke.edu)
  • Bcl-2 protein overexpression was associated with inferior outcome in patients with germinal center subtype lymphoma, but multivariate analysis showed that this was dependent on BCL2 translocations. (duke.edu)
  • B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) is an antiapoptotic protein known to be important in the regulation of apoptosis in various cell types. (cdc.gov)
  • Over-expression of anti-apoptotic genes, and under-expression of pro-apoptotic genes, can result in the lack of cell death that is characteristic of cancer. (wikipedia.org)
  • In this paper, the bovine serum albumin protected gold nanozymes (BSA-Au nanozymes) were utilized as a novel nanodrug for treatment of acute T-type lymphoblastic leukemia (Jurkat) by production of excessive ROS and effect on the expression of anti-apoptotic genes. (springeropen.com)
  • The results showed that the expression of anti-apoptotic genes was significantly reduced after treatment of the Jurkat cell line with the BSA-Au nanozymes (p-value of 0.001) as the potential nanodrug while their expression in the normal PBMC was not affected by the nanodrug. (springeropen.com)
  • Overall, the BSA-Au nanozymes can be used as the nanodrug for treatment of T-type lymphoblastic leukemia via reducing the expression of anti-apoptotic genes, increasing the effect of common anticancer drugs such as Adriamycin and ara-C, and consequently increasing the survival of patients with leukemia. (springeropen.com)
  • Priming of hepatocytes - activation of genes associated with production of transcription factors, activation of proto-oncogenes (c-fos, c-jun, c-myc), anti-apoptotic genes (p53, p21, BCL-xl). (edu.pl)
  • The majority of mantle-cell lymphomas are associated with a t(11;14) translocation resulting in overexpression of the CYCLIN D1 gene (GENES, BCL-1). (lookformedical.com)
  • The reciprocal chromosomal translocation t(14;18), leading to overexpression of this oncogene, can be found in the majority of follicular lymphomas and much less frequently in B-cell leukemias and diffuse lymphomas. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Finally, overexpression of TRIM28 or knock-out of TRIM17 reduced BCLA1 protein levels and restored sensitivity of melanoma cells to BRAF-targeted therapy. (edu.au)
  • Using a CRISPR Cas9-guided immunoprecipitation assay, we identify a circular RNA in the FLI1 promoter chromatin complex, consisting of FLI1 exons 4-2-3, referred to as FECR1.Overexpression of FECR1 enhances invasiveness of MDA-MB231 breast cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Expression of the bcl-2 oncogene product and chromosomal translocation t(14;18) in Hodgkin's disease. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We have studied the expression of this protein in different subtypes of Hodgkin's disease using monoclonal antibodies directed against a formalin-resistant epitope of the bcl-2 protein and also have investigated these cases by polymerase chain reaction for evidence of the t(14;18) translocation. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In a smaller number of cases this expression of bcl-2 could be explained by the presence of the translocation t(14;18). (ox.ac.uk)
  • Translocation of bcl-2 sequences from chromosome 18 onto the transcriptionally active immunoglobulin locus at chromosome band 14q32 in B-cells deregulates bcl-2 gene expression, resulting in high levels of bcl-2 mRNA. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Expression of the bcl-2 oncogene protein is not specific for the 14;18 chromosomal translocation. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Rowley had identified the first "translocation" in cancer, providing clear evidence that the cause of CML could be related to the fact that by moving from one chromosome to another, the aberrant segment of chromosome 22 was no longer sitting next to genes that controlled its behavior. (laskerfoundation.org)
  • Translocation t(11;14)(q13;q32) with immunoglobulin gene regions. (enquirebio.com)
  • BCL-2 is localized to the outer membrane of mitochondria, where it plays an important role in promoting cellular survival and inhibiting the actions of pro-apoptotic proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • BCL-2 is known to regulate mitochondrial dynamics, and is involved in the regulation of mitochondrial fusion and fission. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ablation leads to rapid death of mature B lymphocytes, which is preceded by down-regulation of MHC antigens and up-regulation of CD95 (Fas) and can be delayed by constitutive bcl-2 expression. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • However, the enzymes involved in the regulation of BCL2A1 protein stability are currently unknown. (edu.au)
  • Parborell, F. Effects of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist on rat ovarian follicle apoptosis: Regulation by epidermal growth factor and the expression of Bcl-2-related genes. (uba.ar)
  • We are studying the role that normal chromatin structure plays in gene regulation in hematopoietic cells and how its disruption leads to altered development and cancer. (stanford.edu)
  • Our studies have demonstrated that several of the proteins encoded by cellular oncogenes function in fundamental aspects of gene regulation. (stanford.edu)
  • At molecular level, down-regulation of HSP70-2 resulted in reduced expression of cyclins, cyclin dependent kinases, anti-apoptotic molecules and mesenchymal markers and enhanced expression of CDK inhibitors, caspases, pro-apoptotic molecules and epithelial markers. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Metabolic changes in genetic disorder which renders fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase in liver less sensitive to regulation by fructose 2,6 bisphosphate are level of fructose 1,6 bisphosphate lower than normal, less pyruvate is formed and less ATP generation. (medicosplexus.com)
  • A protein-serine-threonine kinase that is activated by PHOSPHORYLATION in response to GROWTH FACTORS or INSULIN. (lookformedical.com)
  • Western blotting was used to detect the expressions of cyclinD1, CDK2, Bcl2, β-catenin and phosphorylation of the key proteins in the MAPK signaling pathway. (bvsalud.org)
  • Cyclin D1 or PRAD-1 or bcl-1 is one of the key cell cycle regulators, and functions in association with cdk4 and/or cdk6 by phosphorylating the Rb protein. (enquirebio.com)
  • His scientific interests lie mostly in Signal transduction, Cell biology, Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src, LYN and Cancer research. (research.com)
  • The subject of his Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src research is within the realm of Kinase. (research.com)
  • His primary areas of study are Cell biology, Cancer research, LYN, Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src and Signal transduction. (research.com)
  • Seth J. Corey interconnects Tyrosine kinase, Dasatinib and Receptor tyrosine kinase in the investigation of issues within Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src. (research.com)
  • His LYN study improves the overall literature in Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src. (research.com)
  • However, it differs from other aggressive B-cell lymphomas in that it shows defective immunoglobulin production despite the expression of OCT-2, BOB.1, and PU.1 transcription factors and the lack of IgV(H) gene crippling mutations. (nih.gov)
  • This fusion gene is deregulated, leading to the transcription of excessively high levels of Bcl-2. (wikipedia.org)
  • These events are dependent on the proper levels of transcription and translation of certain genes. (cancerquest.org)
  • It forms heterodimeric complexes with CORE BINDING FACTOR ALPHA SUBUNITS, and regulates GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION of a variety of GENES involved primarily in CELL DIFFERENTIATION and CELL CYCLE progression. (wakehealth.edu)
  • Responsible for transition to S phase by phosphorylating the retinoblastoma gene product, which releases transcription factors to initiate DNA replication. (enquirebio.com)
  • Like its homolog Bcl3, IκBζ can regulate the transcription of a set of inflamatory genes through its association with the p50 or p52 subunits of NF-κB. (oncotarget.com)
  • These are frequently activated by fusion to other transcriptional proteins resulting in chimeric transcription factors. (stanford.edu)
  • We demonstrate here that GSK-3 maintains the MLL leukemia stem cell transcriptional program by promoting the conditional association of CREB and its coactivators TORC and CBP with homedomain protein MEIS1, a critical component of the MLL-subordinate program, which in turn facilitates HOX-mediated transcription and transformation. (stanford.edu)
  • This mechanism also applies to hematopoietic cells transformed by other HOX genes, including CDX2, which is highly expressed in a majority of acute myeloid leukemias, thus providing a molecular approach based on GSK-3 inhibitory strategies to target HOX-associated transcription in a broad spectrum of leukemias. (stanford.edu)
  • To understand the role of Meq DNA binding and transactivation/repression domains in transcription, we constructed three chimeric Meq proteins, namely, Md5-CVI-Meq, CVI-Md5-Meq, and Md5-CVI-L by exchanging domains between Md5 meq and CVI meq genes. (tamu.edu)
  • All three Meq proteins activated the MDV gB, MMP-3 and Bcl-2 promoters and suppressed transcription from the MDV pp38/pp14 bidirectional promoter. (tamu.edu)
  • To investigate the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in differentiation of cranial sensory neurons in vivo, we analyzed development of nodose (NG), petrosal (PG), and vestibular (VG) ganglion cells in genetically engineered mice carrying null mutations in the genes encoding BDNF and the proapoptotic Bcl-2 homolog Bax. (nih.gov)
  • To identify genes required for mammalian spermatogenesis, we screened lines of mutant mice created using a retroviral gene-trap system for male infertility. (deathbase.org)
  • Mice that lack Bcl-w were viable, healthy, and normal in appearance. (deathbase.org)
  • Oncomodulation is a process, whereby tumor behavior is affected by virally induced mechanisms acting on cancer cells as well as stromal cells within the tumor microenvironment, including suppression of cancer cell apoptosis mechanisms, altering tumor metabolism, suppressing antitumor immunity, triggering tumor microenvironment inflammation, initiating angiogenesis, stimulating tumor cell proliferation, increasing tumor invasion, and enhancing tumor cell migration (metastasis) [ Figures 1 and 2 ]. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • An aberrant miRNA expression could contribute to cancer development and progression [ 6 , 7 ] and could affect their target genes that are involved in many biological processes, such as cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism, and development [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • However, results in the ability of these isoforms to bind to the BAD and BAK proteins, as well as in the structural topology and electrostatic potential of the binding groove, suggest differences in antiapoptotic activity for the two isoforms. (wikipedia.org)
  • Here, transgenic tomato plants expressing animal antiapoptotic genes bcl-xL and ced-9 were generated through agrobacterium-mediated transformation. (uea.ac.uk)
  • Hence, expression of these animal antiapoptotic genes improved plant survival under abiotic or biotic stress. (uea.ac.uk)
  • bcl-2 is an antiapoptotic gene. (medicosplexus.com)
  • The central dogma of molecular biology states that the transfer of genetic information within cells transpires sequentially from DNA to RNA to proteins, whose coding sequences comprise a paltry 1.5-2% of the human genome [ 2 , 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although genetic and epigenetic aberrations that occur in components of the central dogma clearly elicit disease development in humans, recent findings also point to a prominent role for non-protein-coding regions of the genome in regulating cell and tissue homeostasis, as well as in contributing to the formation of human tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The metastatic cascade is a complex, multistep process driven by progressive accumulation of genetic alterations which result in proto-oncogene activation and inactivation of tumour suppressor genes. (edu.au)
  • Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. (lookformedical.com)
  • for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway. (lookformedical.com)
  • This gene is a member of the protein-tyrosine kinase oncogene family. (cancerindex.org)
  • The protein associates with the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and interacts with the fyn-binding protein. (cancerindex.org)
  • His LYN research incorporates elements of Molecular biology, Protein kinase B, Cell growth and Syk. (research.com)
  • We performed Western blot analyses for activated caspase-3, Bcl-2, phosphorylated Akt, and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK). (medscitechnol.com)
  • Furthermore, quercetin increased the gene expressions of TNFRSF10D (Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 10d, decoy with truncated death domain), TP53INP1 (tumor protein p53 inducible nuclear protein 1), and JUNB (jun B proto-oncogene) but decreased the gene expression of VEGFB (vascular endothelial growth factor B), CDK10 (cyclin-dependent kinase 10), and KDELC2 (KDEL [Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu] containing 2) that are associated with apoptosis pathways. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • Malignant transformation is usually the result of chromosomal translocations that activate proto-oncogenes or create a chimeric fusion protein. (oncolink.org)
  • Although these chimeric Meq proteins, unlike CVI-Meq proteins, transactivated the meq promoter, the activation was significantly less than Md5-Meq. (tamu.edu)
  • [ 2 ] No sex preponderance is seen for follicular lymphomas, but the incidence increases with age and varies across racial groups. (medscape.com)
  • The bcl-2 gene was first discovered in t(14:18) follicular lymphomas. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • It is a putative proto-oncogene overexpressed in a wide variety of human neoplasms including mantle cell lymphomas (MCL). (enquirebio.com)
  • Gallid herpesvirus 2 (GaHV-2), commonly known as Marek's disease virus serotype-1 (MDV-1), causes T cell lymphomas in chickens. (tamu.edu)
  • Antibodies to Bcl-2 can be used with immunohistochemistry to identify cells containing the antigen. (wikipedia.org)
  • For immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded sections, the monoclonal mouse anti-human Bcl-2 (clone Bcl-2/100, Cat. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • HSP70-2 expression was examined in 154 tumor and 103 adjacent non-cancerous tissue (ANCT) specimens and breast cancer cell lines (MCF7, BT-474, SK-BR-3 and MDA-MB-231) by RT-PCR, quantitative-PCR, immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, flow cytometry and indirect immunofluorescence. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These findings indicate miR-34a along with its putative target genes could play a role in RCC tumorigenesis and progression. (hindawi.com)
  • In addition, we have examined the putative role of HSP70-2 in apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in-vitro and in-vivo xenograft mouse model using gene silencing approach. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We show that the phenotype is partially rescued by muscle-specific expression of the Bcl-2 homologue Buffy, which in flies, maintains mitochondrial integrity, modulates energy homeostasis and suppresses cell death. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Collectively, the data presented here indicate that CVI-Meq proteins are generally weak transactivators, which might contribute to the non-oncogenic phenotype of CVI988 virus in chickens. (tamu.edu)
  • Some evidence suggests that this may result from abnormal expression of Bcl-2 and increased expression of caspase-3. (wikipedia.org)
  • This is in contrast with tumor suppressor genes which must BOTH be defective to lead to abnormal cell division. (cancerquest.org)
  • Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
  • HER2/neu (also called ERB B2 ) is the gene that encodes the human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2. (cancerquest.org)
  • Besides estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, novel biomarkers have shown their prognostic and predictive values, complicating our understanding towards to the heterogeneity of such cancers. (jcancer.org)
  • The ability of miRs to target multiple genes and biological signaling pathways has created intense interest in their potential clinical utility as predictive and diagnostic biomarkers, and as innovative therapeutic agents. (biomedcentral.com)
  • What pathways are this gene/protein implicaed in? (cancerindex.org)
  • Indeed, emerging evidence indicates that miRNAs function as a molecular rheostats that serve in fine-tuning cell signaling pathways [ 10 , 11 ], doing so by modulating the expression of large numbers of genes and, consequently, impacting the flux through essential regulatory nodes of vast signaling networks. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The gene expression profiling of patients with BCL2 rearrangements was unique, showing activation of pathways that were silent in the negative counterpart. (duke.edu)
  • More than half of the cases displayed BCL-6 gene mutations, which usually occurred along with functioning somatic IgV(H) gene mutations and Bcl-6 and/or MUM1/IRF4 expression. (nih.gov)
  • Different cancer types tend to depend on a limited number of 'driver' oncogene mutations. (cancerquest.org)
  • ALL cancers have lots of additional changes, the so-called 'passenger' mutations, that may contribute to the cancer, but are not the main genes. (cancerquest.org)
  • [ 2 ] Literature since the rituximab era has shown a further increase in overall survival. (medscape.com)
  • We analyzed Bcl-2 protein expression, and BCL2 and MYC gene abnormalities by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization in 327 patients with de novo disease treated with rituximab-CHOP. (duke.edu)
  • BCL2 translocated germinal center subtype patients have worse prognosis after rituximab-CHOP, irrespective of MYC status, but the presence of combined gene breaks significantly overcomes the prognostic relevance of isolated lesions. (duke.edu)
  • However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying the activation of this proto-oncogene in tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Constitutive p50/p65 activity is observed in a large variety of hematological as well as solid tumors [ 6 - 8 ], as a result of an aberrant expression of p50/p65, deletions of the IκBα inhibitor gene or an increased IKK activity [ 9 - 13 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • Damage to the Bcl-2 gene has been identified as a cause of a number of cancers, including melanoma, breast, prostate, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and lung cancer, and a possible cause of schizophrenia and autoimmunity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Among the ETS family members, Friend leukemia virus integration 1 ( FLI1 ) was first identified as a proto-oncogene activated by proviral integration in F-MuLV-induced erythroleukemias [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Despite the differences in their normal roles, these genes all contribute to unregulated cell division if they are present in a mutant (oncogenic) form. (cancerquest.org)
  • NCMV proteins and their oncogenic effects on cell mechanisms. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • Although attenuated CVI988/Rispens is non-oncogenic, it codes for at least two forms of the MDV oncoprotein Meq, and these proteins (CVI-Meq and CVI-LMeq) have not been fully characterized. (tamu.edu)
  • Here, we report that both CVI-Meq proteins, like the Meq protein of Md5 (a very virulent oncogenic strain), were capable of transforming Rat-2 and NIH3T3 cells. (tamu.edu)
  • A synthetic peptide containing amino acids 61-76 of the human Bcl-2 protein was used as immunogen. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Transmembrane region of proteins is likely to have a stretch of hydrophobic amino acids. (medicosplexus.com)
  • During normal metanephrogenesis, prox-1 protein was first detected in mesenchymal cells around the ureteric tree and thereafter in nascent nephron epithelia, whereas cofilin-1 immunolocalized to bud derivatives and condensing mesenchyme. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Previously, we reported that low-protein diets increased mesenchymal apoptosis cells when metanephrogenesis began and thereafter reduced numbers of precursor cells. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Gene targeting experiments have demonstrated that the expression of immunoglobulin heavy chain in the pre-B cell receptor (pBCR) and of heavy and light chains in the B cell antigen receptor (BCR) marks checkpoints in early B cell development that the cells have to pass to survive. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • To investigate whether the persistence of mature B cells in the peripheral immune system also depends on BCR expression, we have generated a transgenic mouse in which the BCR can be inducibly ablated through V region gene deletion. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • Here, we reported that STAT5 was highly expressed in the AML cohort and activated the promoter of glycolytic genes to promote glycolysis in AML cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Genes whose protein products stimulate or enhance the division and viability of cells. (cancerquest.org)
  • In normal cells, both internal and external signals control the activity of the oncogenes. (cancerquest.org)
  • A recombinant adenovirus expressing wild-type Bax induces apoptosis in prostate cancer cells independently of their Bcl-2 status and androgen sensitivity. (musc.edu)
  • Lysate from Jurkat cells was probed with anti-bcl-2 (clone 4D7, Comp. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • We also measured the levels of phosphorylated tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2) protein and Parkin protein level in SH-SY5Y cells. (cancerindex.org)
  • In a number of studies, it has been shown that while only a select number of cells are actually infected with the virus, numerous viral proteins are released into the cancer and stromal cells in the microenvironment and these viral proteins are known to affect tumor behavior and aggressiveness. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • Rather, only a few cells need to be infected, with the release of viral proteins from the viruses, which occupy most if not all of the tumor cells, including stromal cells. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • Enforced expression of bcl-w rendered lymphoid and myeloid cells refractory to several (but not all) cytotoxic conditions. (deathbase.org)
  • We found that cells cultured with iNSCs had a significantly lower caspase-3 level and a significantly higher Bcl-2 level than cells cultured without iNSCs. (medscitechnol.com)
  • However, no available reports show that quercetin induces apoptosis and altered associated gene expressions in human gastric cancer cells, thus, we investigated the effect of quercetin on the apoptotic cell death and associated gene expression in human gastric cancer AGS cells. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • Thus, those findings may offer more information regarding the molecular, gene expression, and signaling pathway for quercetin induced apoptotic cell death in human gastric cancer cells. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • IκBζ, an atypical member of the nuclear IκB family of proteins, is expressed at low levels in most resting cells, but is induced upon stimulation of Toll-like/IL-1 receptors through an IRAK1/IRAK4/NFκB-dependent pathway. (oncotarget.com)
  • HSP70-2 expression was also observed in all breast cancer cells (BT-474, MCF7, MDA-MB-231 and SK-BR-3) used in this study. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Depletion of HSP70-2 in MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 cells resulted in a significant reduction in cellular growth, motility, onset of apoptosis, senescence, cell cycle arrest as well as reduction of tumor growth in the xenograft model. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We also report that HSP70-2 plays an important role in cellular growth, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells and tumor growth of breast cancer xenograft. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The proteins are found on mitochondrial, microsomal, and NUCLEAR MEMBRANE sites within many cell types. (rush.edu)
  • The pro-apoptotic proteins in the BCL-2 family, including Bax and Bak, normally act on the mitochondrial membrane to promote permeabilization and release of cytochrome c and ROS, that are important signals in the apoptosis cascade. (wikipedia.org)
  • Bcl-2 is an intracellular membrane protein and resides primarily in the nuclear envelope, outer mitochondrial membrane and endoplasmic reticulum. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Investigation of the subcellular distribution of the bcl-2 oncoprotein: residence in the nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, and outer mitochondrial membranes. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Reduced expression of the functionally connected apoptosis-regulators and candidate tumor suppressors Fau and Bcl-G has recently been implicated in oncogenesis in other tissues. (uea.ac.uk)
  • Proteins of the Bcl-2 family are important regulators of apoptosis in many tissues of the embryo and adult. (deathbase.org)
  • This class of noncoding RNAs is small, single stranded, and 19-25 nucleotide long that act as negative regulators involved in posttranscriptional silencing of the gene expression [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The over-expression of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein in lymphocytes alone does not cause cancer. (wikipedia.org)
  • Bcl-2 expression is frequent in small cell lung cancer, accounting for 76% cases in one study. (wikipedia.org)
  • A diagram showing the major cancer genes for some cancers. (cancerquest.org)
  • The larger the gene name, the more frequently that gene is defective in that cancer type. (cancerquest.org)
  • Of the 30,000 or so genes that are currently thought to exist in the human genome , there is a small subset that seems to be particularly important in the prevention, development, and progression of cancer. (cancerquest.org)
  • These genes have been found to be either malfunctioning or non-functioning in many different kinds of cancer. (cancerquest.org)
  • Selected oncogenes that have been associated with numerous cancer types are described in more detail below. (cancerquest.org)
  • The present study examines the hypothesis that reduced expression of these genes may be involved in prostate cancer. (uea.ac.uk)
  • The use of Fas Ligand, TRAIL and Bax in gene therapy of prostate cancer. (musc.edu)
  • Nowell, a tumor biologist in the pathology department at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, was interested in the relationship between cancer and alterations in genes (although he had no proof there was one). (laskerfoundation.org)
  • The dysfunction of this pathway has been linked to several age-related human diseases including cancer, Type 2 diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In the present study, we investigated the potential role and association of HSP70-2 with breast cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • HSP70-2 expression was detected in majority of breast cancer patients (83 %) irrespective of various histotypes, stages and grades. (biomedcentral.com)
  • HSP70-2 is over expressed in breast cancer patients and was involved in malignant properties of breast cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This suggests HSP70-2 may be potential candidate molecule for development of better breast cancer treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the present study, we have investigated the possible association of HSP70-2 mRNA and protein expression with various stages, grades and histotypes of breast cancer patients. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here we provide evidence that HSP70-2 expression is associated with IDC histotype of breast cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • and cell differentiation ( SOX2 and TGFB3 ) as well as immunohistochemical assay for VEGFA, TP53, Bcl2, TGFB1, and Ki67 protein expression have been performed in 85 FFPE RCC tumor specimens. (hindawi.com)
  • Survival rates were compared among inoculated transgenic lines expressing bcl-xL, ced-9, and bcl-xL (G138A), a loss-of-function mutant of bcl-xL. (uea.ac.uk)
  • More than 80% of the bcl-xL and ced-9 T(1) transgenic lines showed higher survival rates than the average for bcl-xL (G138A) transgenic lines. (uea.ac.uk)
  • Bcl-2 protein blocks apoptosis (programmed cell death), and thereby may contribute to tomorigenesis by prolonging cell survival rather than by accelerating the rate of cell proliferation. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Thus, like Bcl-2 and Bcl-x, the Bcl-w protein promotes cell survival, in contrast to other close homologues, Bax and Bak, which facilitate cell death. (deathbase.org)
  • Comparison of the expected amino acid sequence of Bcl-w with that of these relatives helps to delineate residues likely to convey survival or anti-survival function. (deathbase.org)
  • This family of proteins comprises two subfamilies that share a DNA-binding and dimerization domain called the Rel homology domain (RHD) [ 4 ] and form homo- or hetero- dimers. (oncotarget.com)
  • Heat shock family of proteins (HSPs) is proposed to play pivotal role in breast tumor development owing to their intrinsic molecular chaperone properties [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The two isoforms of Bcl-2, Isoform 1, and Isoform 2, exhibit a similar fold. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, a reduction in the Bcl-xL:Bcl-xS ratio was observed, with a greater decrease in Bcl-xL compared with Bcl-xS during the incubation, suggesting a lower stability of the Bcl-xL isoform in the LA group. (uba.ar)
  • Molecular analysis indicates that the gene mutated is Bclw, a death-protecting member of the Bcl2 family. (deathbase.org)
  • The importance of previously recognized prognostic markers, such as Bcl-2 protein expression and BCL2 gene abnormalities, has been questioned in the new therapeutic era. (duke.edu)
  • Membrane proteins encoded by the BCL-2 GENES and serving as potent inhibitors of cell death by APOPTOSIS. (rush.edu)
  • diseases caused by inappropriate innervation of muscles or lack of important structural proteins. (edu.pl)
  • mRNA and protein expressions of Ngb and HIF-1α showed positive in different tissues of the yak and cattle telencephalon. (bvsalud.org)
  • PROMO Database predicted that RXRα could bind the promoter sequences of CDX2 gene. (bvsalud.org)
  • Some proto-oncogenes work to regulate cell death. (cancerquest.org)
  • The mutant proteins often retain some of their capabilities but are no longer sensitive to the controls that regulate the normal form of the protein. (cancerquest.org)
  • Therefore, our data describe a molecular rheostat in which two proteins of the TRIM family antagonistically regulate BCL2A1 stability and modulate cell death. (edu.au)
  • 1) Characterize novel families of oncoproteins (Pbx and Meis) that dimerize with and regulate the DNA binding properties of Hox proteins. (stanford.edu)
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (rush.edu)
  • This first category also includes genes that contribute to tumor growth by inhibiting cell death. (cancerquest.org)
  • Plasmid driven short hairpin RNA approach was employed to validate the role of HSP70-2 in cellular proliferation, senescence, migration, invasion and tumor growth. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, expression of bcl-xL and ced-9 specifically abrogated the formation of necrotic lesions, but not other symptoms, in tomato leaves during chilling at 4 degrees C. At 7 degrees C, temperature-induced leaf senescence was dramatically delayed in bcl-xL and ced-9 transgenic plants, and high levels of anthocyanins accumulated, possibly limiting oxidative stress. (uea.ac.uk)
  • Our previous study has shown that CCAAT-enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ) is an important regulator in METH-induced neuronal autophagy and apoptosis. (cancerindex.org)
  • Apoptosis regulator bcl-w is essential for spermatogenesis but appears otherwise redundant. (deathbase.org)
  • Translocations are thought to occur during normal gene rearrangements (Ig, T-cell receptor). (oncolink.org)
  • Other studies have shown that dendritic cell lifespan may be partly controlled by a timer dependent on anti-apoptotic Bcl-2. (wikipedia.org)
  • Inoculation of seedlings with CMV/D satRNA at T(1) and T(2) generations resulted in delayed cell-death symptoms or absence of symptoms. (uea.ac.uk)
  • Collectively, these studies prove that the maternal diet programs the embryonic kidney, altering cell turnover and gene expression at a time when nephrons and glomeruli have yet to form. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We were particularly interested to determine whether nodular paragranuloma (lymphocyte-predominant, nodular), which differs from other subtypes of Hodgkin's disease by virtue of the B-cell nature of its malignant cell population, is characterized by expression of the bcl-2 protein. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The genes that have been identified to date have been categorized into two broad categories, depending on their normal functions in the cell. (cancerquest.org)
  • Genes whose protein products can directly or indirectly prevent cell division or lead to cell death. (cancerquest.org)
  • We have two copies of each gene and for oncogenes, a single defective copy is enough to cause a cell to divide. (cancerquest.org)
  • Many of these genes are responsible for providing the positive signals that lead to cell division. (cancerquest.org)
  • As stated in the introduction to this section, the defective versions of these genes, known as oncogenes, can cause a cell to divide in an unregulated manner. (cancerquest.org)
  • The proto-oncogenes that have been identified so far have many different functions in the cell. (cancerquest.org)
  • PGE2 activation of JAK2/STAT3 acting on genes controlling tumor invasion/migration, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and initiating immune suppression is demonstrated. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • The gene, which is highly conserved between mouse and human, resides near the T-cell antigen receptor alpha gene within the central portion of mouse chromosome 14 and on human chromosome 14 at band q11. (deathbase.org)
  • While expression of bcl-w was uncommon in B or T lymphoid cell lines, the mRNA was observed in almost all murine myeloid cell lines analysed and in a wide range of tissues. (deathbase.org)
  • These findings suggest that bcl-w participates in the control of apoptosis in multiple cell types. (deathbase.org)
  • The effect of BSA-Au nanozymes on the Bcl-2 expression and survivin in the Jurkat cell line was checked. (springeropen.com)
  • Further, we studied the effect of HSP70-2 protein ablation on signaling cascades involved in apoptosis, cell cycle and Epithelial-Mesenchymal-Transition both in culture as well as in-vivo human breast xenograft mouse model. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The protective mechanisms of ALM in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) were further explored: Autodock Vina software predicted that ALM could activate RXRα protein by forming stable hydrogen bonds. (bvsalud.org)
  • There is no longer a need for signals to activate these genes. (cancerquest.org)