• The deduced products of five of these genes resembled components of type-II polyketide synthases. (nih.gov)
  • Polyketide synthases (PKSs) are a family of multi-domain enzymes or enzyme complexes that produce polyketides, a large class of secondary metabolites, in bacteria, fungi, plants, and a few animal lineages. (wikipedia.org)
  • This type of type I PKSs is also referred to as cis-acyltransferase polyketide synthases (cis-AT PKSs). (wikipedia.org)
  • Bacterial trans -acyltransferase polyketide synthases ( trans -AT PKSs) are among the most complex known enzymes from secondary metabolism and are responsible for the biosynthesis of highly diverse bioactive polyketides. (nature.com)
  • Helfrich, E. J. & Piel, J. Biosynthesis of polyketides by trans -AT polyketide synthases. (nature.com)
  • Clusters encoding the putatively novel metabolic diversity comprise polyketide synthases (30), non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (12), and terpenes (1). (frontiersin.org)
  • Depending on the core gene, BGCs are grouped into the following major classes: non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs), polyketide synthases (PKSs), hybrid non-ribosomal peptide synthetase-polyketide synthases (NRPS-PKSs), terpenes, and ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs). (frontiersin.org)
  • Amoutzias GD, Van de Peer Y, Mossialos D (2008) Evolution and taxonomic distribution of nonribosomal peptide and polyketide synthases. (springer.com)
  • The involvement of this gene cluster in Mtm biosynthesis was demonstrated by the Mtm non-producing phenotype of mutants generated in two independent insertional inactivation experiments. (nih.gov)
  • Characterization of the mupirocin biosynthesis gene cluster from Pseudomonas fluorescens NCIMB 10586. (nature.com)
  • Pulsawat, N., Kitani, S. & Nihira, T. Characterization of biosynthetic gene cluster for the production of virginiamycin M, a streptogramin type A antibiotic, in Streptomyces virginiae . (nature.com)
  • Genome mining of D. quercicolus and phylogenetic analyses revealed a gene cluster for a type II polyketide synthase (PKS) complex that belongs to the most ancestral enzyme systems of this type. (nih.gov)
  • Transcriptome Analysis of Aspergillus flavus Reveals veA-Dependent Regulation of Secondary Metabolite Gene Clusters, Including the Novel Aflavarin Cluster. (jcvi.org)
  • Many of these metabolites are still unknown, or the association between a known metabolite and a particular gene cluster has not yet been established. (jcvi.org)
  • The absence of veA results in a downregulation of the five genes found within this cluster. (jcvi.org)
  • 2. Characterization of inthomycin biosynthetic gene cluster revealing new insights into carboxamide formation. (nih.gov)
  • 3. Characterization of the biosynthetic gene cluster for cryptic phthoxazolin A in Streptomyces avermitilis. (nih.gov)
  • 5. The biosynthetic gene cluster for the antitumor drug bleomycin from Streptomyces verticillus ATCC15003 supporting functional interactions between nonribosomal peptide synthetases and a polyketide synthase. (nih.gov)
  • 8. Cloning and characterization of the bleomycin biosynthetic gene cluster from Streptomyces verticillus ATCC15003. (nih.gov)
  • 10. The biosynthetic gene cluster for the anticancer drug bleomycin from Streptomyces verticillus ATCC15003 as a model for hybrid peptide-polyketide natural product biosynthesis. (nih.gov)
  • 13. Cloning, sequencing and analysis of the enterocin biosynthesis gene cluster from the marine isolate 'Streptomyces maritimus': evidence for the derailment of an aromatic polyketide synthase. (nih.gov)
  • 15. Identification of the biosynthetic gene cluster and regulatory cascade for the synergistic antibacterial antibiotics griseoviridin and viridogrisein in Streptomyces griseoviridis. (nih.gov)
  • 16. Identification and localization of the gene cluster encoding biosynthesis of the antitumor macrolactam leinamycin in Streptomyces atroolivaceus S-140. (nih.gov)
  • 17. The FK520 gene cluster of Streptomyces hygroscopicus var. (nih.gov)
  • Furthermore, the identification of a pfa gene cluster may highlight a secondary path of polyunsaturated fatty acids within heterocyst cyanobacteria. (exeter.ac.uk)
  • Whole genome sequencing of these two strains revealed a 158 kb biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) containing a 23-module, mixed NRPS-PKS pathway responsible for their biosynthesis. (nih.gov)
  • Production of a Novel Amide ]Containing Polyene by Activating a Cryptic Biosynthetic Gene Cluster in Streptomyces sp. (google.de)
  • Minimum Information about a Biosynthetic Gene cluster. (research.com)
  • Here, we established that PSPPH_4550 is part of a cluster of 16 genes, the Pbo cluster, included in a genomic island with a limited distribution in P. syringae and unrelated to the posses-sion of the phaseolotoxin biosynthesis cluster. (unavarra.es)
  • The Hox gene cluster of F. candida showed major rearrangements compared to arthropod consensus cluster, resulting in a disorganized cluster. (biomedcentral.com)
  • From a chromosomal cosmid library of Streptomyces argillaceus, a Mtm producer, a clone (cosAR7) was isolated by homology to the actI/III region of S. coelicolor and the strDEM genes of S. griseus. (nih.gov)
  • Here we report functional characterization of the Streptomyces coelicolor M145 gene SCO1678, which encodes a GntR-like regulator of the FadR subfamily. (hindawi.com)
  • Streptomyces genomes are also very large, between 6 and 11 Mbp, and harbor a lot of regulatory genes. (hindawi.com)
  • Therefore, it is important to continue functional characterization of various regulatory genes in well-known model species, like the best studied Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) (or its derivative M145). (hindawi.com)
  • E. coli DH5 α , ET12567 (pUZ8002), and BW25113 (carrying pIJ790) were used for routine cloning, to perform intergeneric conjugation with Streptomyces species and to carry out RedET-mediated gene replacement, respectively [ 13 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • 6. Oxazolomycin biosynthesis in Streptomyces albus JA3453 featuring an "acyltransferase-less" type I polyketide synthase that incorporates two distinct extender units. (nih.gov)
  • The PKS genes for a certain polyketide are usually organized in one operon or in gene clusters. (wikipedia.org)
  • TransATor is a versatile bio- and chemoinformatics web application that suggests informative chemical structures for even highly aberrant trans -AT PKS biosynthetic gene clusters, thus permitting hypothesis-based, targeted biotechnological discovery and biosynthetic studies. (nature.com)
  • The entirety of biosynthetic genes can be compared to the genes of known function to identify the gene clusters potentially coding for novel products. (frontiersin.org)
  • Studies of the A. flavus genome revealed many gene clusters possibly connected to the synthesis of secondary metabolites. (jcvi.org)
  • Twenty-eight out of the predicted 56 secondary metabolite gene clusters include at least one gene that is differentially expressed depending on presence or absence of veA. (jcvi.org)
  • The nonribosomal peptide and polyketide synthetic gene clusters in two strains of entomopathogenic fungi in Cordyceps. (mpg.de)
  • Three novel non-ribosomal peptide (NRP) or hybrid NRP/polyketide (PK) biosynthetic gene clusters were identified for V. paradaxus, and one PK for Chryseobacterium sp. (nih.gov)
  • While thousands of environmental metagenomes have been mined for the presence of novel biosynthetic gene clusters, such computational predictions do not provide evidence of their in vivo biosynthetic functionality. (doe.gov)
  • Through sequencing of fungal genomes to identify novel biosynthetic gene clusters, heterologous expression in engineered yeast cells, overproduction, isolation and structural assignment, they have identified genes, encoded enzymes, and the structure of novel secondary metabolites in several natural product classes. (ddgbooks.com)
  • Secondary metabolites from marine cyanobacteria have gained much attention the last decades, however few comprehensive studies on secondary metabolites and their biosynthetic gene clusters from terrestrial cyanobacteria have been conducted. (uit.no)
  • Gene expression analysis by RT-qPCR of predicted gene clusters and the production of secondary metabolites by UPLC-HR-MS were conducted. (uit.no)
  • The results from this thesis give valuable knowledge for further cultivation of terrestrial cyanobacteria, with the purpose of awaking cryptic gene clusters and identifying novel secondary metabolites. (uit.no)
  • Substantial gene family expansions and lineage-specific gene clusters were linked to stress response. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Intra-genomic rearrangements of collinear gene clusters were observed, of which 11 were organized as palindromes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Intra- as well as inter-scaffold duplications of gene clusters may be a consequence of its parthenogenetic lifestyle. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The global regulatory veA gene governs development and secondary metabolism in numerous fungal species, including Aspergillus flavus. (jcvi.org)
  • The genes responsible for the synthesis of aflatoxins are clustered, a signature common for genes involved in fungal secondary metabolism. (jcvi.org)
  • RNA interference-based silencing of the alpha-amylase (amy1) gene in Aspergillus flavus decreases fungal growth and aflatoxin production in maize kernels. (usda.gov)
  • Five fungal strains demonstrated ability to solubilize phosphate and three strains demonstrated the presence of polyketide synthase type 1 (PKS 1) gene. (up.ac.za)
  • Their research groups have deciphered chemical principles and novel enzymes for assembly of polyketides, nonribosomal peptides and posttranslationally modified nascent proteins, oxygenated isoprene scaffolds, peptidyl nucleosides, and fungal alkaloids. (ddgbooks.com)
  • The large number of HGT genes related to lignocellulose degradation could be beneficial to unlock carbohydrate sources in soil, especially those contained in decaying plant and fungal organic matter. (biomedcentral.com)
  • NR-PKSs - non-reducing PKSs, the products of which are true polyketides PR-PKSs - partially reducing PKSs FR-PKSs - fully reducing PKSs, the products of which are fatty acid derivatives Each type I polyketide-synthase module consists of several domains with defined functions, separated by short spacer regions. (wikipedia.org)
  • This domain is also found at the C terminus of highly reducing polyketide synthase SdnO. (embl.de)
  • 19. Leinamycin biosynthesis revealing unprecedented architectural complexity for a hybrid polyketide synthase and nonribosomal peptide synthetase. (nih.gov)
  • Antibacterial activity study combined with the results of amplified genes coding for polyketide synthase and nonribosomal peptide synthetase showed that these marine symbiotic bacteria had a promising broad-spectrum activity, and therefore, could be used against the emerging dilemma of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. (springer.com)
  • We found that 25%-30% of biosynthetic genes are divergent as compared to the global database of BGCs, which comprises 1,200,000 characterized biosynthetic genes from plants, bacteria, and fungi. (frontiersin.org)
  • One promising candidate is the amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum, which already possesses numerous biosynthetic genes for the production of natural products such as polyketides. (idw-online.de)
  • Taking a closer look at the genes, we noticed that some show a high similarity to plant biosynthetic genes,' said first author Christin Reimer, who is working on the topic for her PhD. (idw-online.de)
  • The identification of such biosynthetic genes responsible for the production of secondary metabolites is still a relatively unexplored area, and it remains many natural products for which a biosynthetic origin is unknown. (uit.no)
  • isolated from the rhizospheric soil of Panax notoginseng: isolation, antimicrobial activity and biosynthetic potential for polyketides and non-ribosomal peptides. (nih.gov)
  • ascomyceticus (ATCC 14891) contains genes for biosynthesis of unusual polyketide extender units. (nih.gov)
  • Mithramycin (Mtm) is an aromatic polyketide which shows antibacterial and antitumor activity. (nih.gov)
  • Chakraborty K, Thilakan B, Raola VK (2014) Polyketide family of novel antibacterial 7- O -methyl-5'-hydroxy-3'-heptenoate-macrolactin from seaweed-associated Bacillus subtilis MTCC 10403. (springer.com)
  • My team has accumulated a good body of work on bioactive natural product discovery (from polyketides and peptides to alkaloids) and their biosynthesis, and new enzyme investigation as shown below. (abdn.ac.uk)
  • We demonstrate the applicative scope in several examples, including the characterization of new variants of bioactive natural products as well as structurally new polyketides from unusual bacterial sources. (nature.com)
  • The identification of the genes for the other cellulase and hemicellulase enzymes of T. reesei has been completed, and the characterization of many of these enzymes has also been achieved (Kubicek 2011). (worthington-biochem.com)
  • Other classifications include the degree of reduction performed during the synthesis of the growing polyketide chain. (wikipedia.org)
  • Here we introduce a holistic and systematic method of researching relevant enzymes, genes and other regulatory factors in bio-synthesis pathway of stilbenes-Systems biology. (scirp.org)
  • phaseolicola NPS3121 synthe-sizes phaseolotoxin in a thermoregulated way, with optimum production at 18 °C. Gene PSPPH_4550 was previously shown to be thermoregulated and required for phaseolotoxin bio-synthesis. (unavarra.es)
  • In comparison to the wild type, on gluconate-containing minimal medium, the SCO1678 mutant produced much less actinorhodin and accumulated a yellow-colored pigment, likely to be the cryptic polyketide coelimycin. (hindawi.com)
  • M ulcerans are slow-growing mycobacteria that produce a soluble polyketide exotoxin called mycolactone, which can diffuse extensively in the subcutaneous tissue. (medscape.com)
  • In this review, the progresses of study on relevant enzymes, genes, and regulation mechanism in biosynthesis pathway of stilbenes are described. (scirp.org)
  • The application of knowledge of relative enzymes, genes and regulation mechanisms in stilbenes biosynthesis in metabolic engineering which is used as a tool of improving the disease resistance of plants and health caring quality of crops is also discussed. (scirp.org)
  • However, their detailed biosynthesis pathways and metabolic regulation, especially complicated regulation mechanism and expressing of genes and enzymes are unknown. (scirp.org)
  • So it is significant to shift focus from previous research priorities to search relevant enzymes, genes, abiotic stress and biotic signals so as to elucidate their detailed biosynthesis pathway and understand metabolic regulation networks. (scirp.org)
  • In the present transcriptome study, we show that veA is necessary for the expression of a large number of genes. (jcvi.org)
  • A large number of genes (809) were acquired by horizontal gene transfer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Using chemoproteomic platforms, we show that members of the manumycin family of polyketides, which bear multiple potentially reactive sites, target C374 of the putative E3 ligase UBR7 in breast cancer cells, and engage in molecular glue interactions with the neosubstrate tumor-suppressor TP53, leading to p53 transcriptional activation and cell death. (nih.gov)
  • WhiH controls early steps of sporulation [ 10 , 11 ], while DasR is a pleiotropic regulator of multiple carbohydrate transporters, chitin metabolism and antibiotic production genes [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Also, the presence of genes involved in antibiotic biosynthesis was confirmed. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Aleti G, Sessitsch A, Brader G (2015) Genome mining: prediction of lipopeptides and polyketides from Bacillus and related Firmicutes . (springer.com)
  • The biosyntheses of polyketides share striking similarities with fatty acid biosynthesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Gene regulation in fatty acid pathways in cyanobacteria exposed to far-red light. (exeter.ac.uk)
  • This study examines the gene expression of 33 fatty acid-related genes when the cyanobacterium Chlorogloeopsis fritschii PCC 6912 is grown under far-red light compared to white light using RNA-seq data from the NCBI database. (exeter.ac.uk)
  • The two genes were down-regulated and encoded for a fatty acid desaturase (fad) and a pfaD/polyketide biosynthesis protein. (exeter.ac.uk)
  • Additionally, the present study used genetic screening to assess the ability of the endophytic fungi to synthesize bioactive compounds, indicated by the presence of the polyketide synthase type 1 (PKS 1) gene. (up.ac.za)
  • Recently researchers have been investigating the genomes of mutant species to correlate cellulase activity with specific gene sequences (Le Crom et al . (worthington-biochem.com)
  • The transcriptomic analysis, encompassing a bioinformatic pipeline to process and quantify transcripts, found that only two genes of the 33 examined genes were differentially expressed. (exeter.ac.uk)
  • The mtm genes would code for an aromatase (mtmQ), a polypeptide of unknown function (mtmX), a beta-ketoacylsynthase (mtmP) and a related 'chain length factor' (mtmK), an acyl carrier protein (mtmS) and a beta-ketoreductase (mtmT1). (nih.gov)
  • Streamlining Regulon Identification in Bacteria Regulons are a group of genes that can be turned on or off by the same regulatory protein. (doe.gov)
  • Targeting the Aspergillus flavus p2c gene through host-induced gene silencing reduces A. flavus infection and aflatoxin contamination in transgenic maize. (usda.gov)
  • Resistance to aflatoxin accumulation in maize mediated by host-induced silencing of the Aspergillus flavus alkaline protease (alk) gene. (usda.gov)
  • Host induced gene silencing targeting Aspergillus flavus aflM reduced aflatoxin contamination in transgenic maize under field conditions. (usda.gov)
  • The Aspergillus flavus homeobox gene, hbx1, is required for development and aflatoxin production. (usda.gov)
  • The most well-known are aflatoxins, which are cytotoxic and carcinogenic polyketide compounds. (jcvi.org)
  • The compounds are novel tetramic acid containing polyketides obtained from two different Amycolatopsis strains. (nih.gov)
  • To test how well D. discoideum is suited as a chassis organism for biotechnological production, the researchers first had the amoeba produce the food supplement resveratrol, also a polyketide. (idw-online.de)
  • Through our research, we have shown that the amoeba Dictyostelium can be used as a biotechnological production platform for polyketide-based natural products,' says Reimer. (idw-online.de)
  • Genetic and physical localization of a major susceptibility gene to Pyrenophora teres f. maculata in barley. (usda.gov)
  • Cloning of prokaryotic genes by a universal degenerate primer PCR. (mpg.de)
  • The overall understanding of how these regulatory genes control transcription is still unclear [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • We demonstrate that SCO1678 encodes a repressor of the gluconate operon and that the promoter of gluconate kinase gene SCO1679 is the main target of Sco1678 regulatory action. (hindawi.com)
  • Network Pharmacology and bioinformatics analyses identify intersection genes of niacin and COVID-19 as potential therapeutic targets. (cdc.gov)
  • In recent years, some success also has been achieved in the metabolic regulation and gene engineering of stilbenes. (scirp.org)
  • Type-1 pks gene (MH157093) of S. algae and hybrid nrps / pks gene (MH157092) of B. amyloliquefaciens could be amplified. (springer.com)
  • Benzalacetone synthase (BAS), a plant-specific type III polyketide synthase (PKS), catalyzes a one-step decarboxylative condensation of malonyl-CoA and 4-coumaroyl-CoA to produce the diketide benzalacetone. (nih.gov)
  • This is the first direct evidence that type III PKS utilizes the cysteine as the nucleophile and as the attachment site for the polyketide intermediate. (nih.gov)
  • Cyanobacteria are a unique source of natural products, where most of them are synthesized by non-ribosomal peptide synthase, polyketide synthase, or a hybrid of these pathways. (uit.no)
  • Coevolution of aah: A dps-like gene with the host bacterium revealed by comparative genomic analysis. (mpg.de)
  • To enable de novo structural predictions for trans -AT PKS-derived polyketides, we developed the trans -AT PKS polyketide predictor (TransATor). (nature.com)
  • cMonkey integrates powerful de novo motif detection to identify conditionally co-regulated sets of genes. (systemsbiology.net)
  • PAL genes are transcriptionally activated after microbial infection or treatment of plant cells with microbial elicittors [7]. (scirp.org)
  • The production of aflatoxins and the expression of genes implicated in the production of these mycotoxins are veA dependent. (jcvi.org)
  • Morphine, a frequently used opiate analgesics, results in differential gene expression in the brain and spinal cord. (icbcongress.com)